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1

S, Miller Marc. Establishing value for HR technology. New York, NY: Conference Board, 2004.

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2

Csoka, Louis Stephen. Transforming the HR function for global business success. New York, NY: Conference Board, 1998.

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3

Csoka, Louis Stephen. Transforming the HR function for global business success: A research report. New York, NY: Conference Board, 1998.

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4

Tara, Williams-Sether. Variations in surface-water quantity and quality as a result of the 1993 summer flood in the Devils Lake Basin, North Dakota ; prepared in cooperation with the North Dakota Department of Health. Bismarck, N.D: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1996.

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5

Williams-Sether, Tara. Variations in surface-water quantity and quality as a result of the 1993 summer flood in the Devils Lake Basin, North Dakota ; prepared in cooperation with the North Dakota Department of Health. Bismarck, N.D: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1996.

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6

Tara, Williams-Sether. Variations in surface-water quantity and quality as a result of the 1993 summer flood in the Devils Lake Basin, North Dakota ; prepared in cooperation with the North Dakota Department of Health. Bismarck, N.D: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1996.

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7

Williams-Sether, Tara. Variations in surface-water quantity and quality as a result of the 1993 summer flood in the Devils Lake Basin, North Dakota ; prepared in cooperation with the North Dakota Department of Health. Bismarck, N.D: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1996.

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8

Tara, Williams-Sether. Variations in surface-water quantity and quality as a result of the 1993 summer flood in the Devils Lake Basin, North Dakota ; prepared in cooperation with the North Dakota Department of Health. Bismarck, N.D: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1996.

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9

Williams-Sether, Tara. Variations in surface-water quantity and quality as a result of the 1993 summer flood in the Devils Lake Basin, North Dakota ; prepared in cooperation with the North Dakota Department of Health. Bismarck, N.D: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1996.

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10

Tara, Williams-Sether. Variations in surface-water quantity and quality as a result of the 1993 summer flood in the Devils Lake Basin, North Dakota ; prepared in cooperation with the North Dakota Department of Health. Bismarck, N.D: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1996.

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11

Williams-Sether, Tara. Variations in surface-water quantity and quality as a result of the 1993 summer flood in the Devils Lake Basin, North Dakota ; prepared in cooperation with the North Dakota Department of Health. Bismarck, N.D: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1996.

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12

J, Fleming Maureen, e Wilson Jennifer Bross 1951-, a cura di. Effective HR measurement techniques. Alexandria, Va: Society for Human Resource Management, 2001.

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13

Olevin, Beverly, e Beverly L. Kaye. Creative Style Profile (Pfeiffer Essential Resources for Training and HR Professionals). Pfeiffer, 2007.

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14

Yusof, Ab Aziz. The human side of human resource management. UUM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/9789670474922.

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Abstract (sommario):
Human resource is the most valuable asset in an organization as it is managed, operated and run by them.The progress, survival and success of the organization is totally depends on the capabilities and the competitiveness of their HR especially in the era of critical and drastic change.As a result, HR manager has to face a more competitive, uncertain and complex HR expectations, needs and wants in a turbulent business environment.Therefore, his ability in managing HR is becoming more crucial to the success and the survival of the organisation. As HR manager is the key player in running the organisation, it is important for him to ensure a holistic and comprehensive approach, by putting in balance both the human side which is considered as soft HRM and the technical side which is considered as hard HRM, need to be simultaneously taken into consideration.Therefore, managing the human side of human resourceculture, symbols, diversity, humour, emotional intelligence, justice, forgiveness, and spiritualityis believed to be far more complicated than managing the technical side of it. The human side of human resource management treats employees as partners and a source of competitive advantage through their commitment, trust, job satisfaction, loyalty and collaboration.Furthermore, HR is viewed as a proactive rather than passive inputs in executing the task and responsibility.The managers ability in managing the human side of human resource strategically is equally important as managing the technical side as both play significant role in influencing the bottom line of the organisation through their symbiotic relationship.
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15

Cascio, Wayne F., e John W. Boudreau. Evidence-Based Management at the Bottom of the Pyramid. A cura di Michael A. Hitt, Susan E. Jackson, Salvador Carmona, Leonard Bierman, Christina E. Shalley e Douglas Michael Wright. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190650230.013.12.

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In recent years there have been growing efforts, domestically as well as internationally, to develop human resources (HR) standards that might provide useful guidance for organizations. We identify four broad types of standards: practice standards, measurement standards, feasibility standards, and predictive standards. After reviewing the history, current status, and potential consequences and uses of HR standards, we consider how scholars and researchers might become more involved in the standards-development process. A third section considers whether linkage research and meta-analytic frameworks might inform predictive standards and their relationship to HR standards. We then offer a simple framework and some examples that show where HR evidence and standards do and do not intersect. The final section suggests how researchers could define research questions and describe the implications of their findings in ways that might make research evidence more “feasible at scale” and thus forge a stronger link between research and standard-setting.
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16

Office, General Accounting. Hazardous waste: EPA's Superfund program improvements result in fewer stopgap cleanups : report to the chairman, Subcommittee on Commerce, Transportation, and Tourism, Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1986.

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17

Waldmann, Carl, Neil Soni e Andrew Rhodes. Neurological monitoring. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199229581.003.0008.

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Intracranial pressure monitoring 130Intracranial perfusion 132EEG and CFAM monitoring 134Other forms of neurological monitoring 138In adults, the normal resting intracranial pressure (ICP) is 0–10mm Hg. ICP may rise to 50mm Hg or so during straining or sneezing, with no impairment in function. It is not, therefore, ICP alone that is important but rather the interpretation of the measurement in pathological conditions. Many of the clinicopathological changes associated with brain injury are the result of pressure differences between the intracranial compartments, with consequent shift of brain structures, rather than the absolute level of ICP....
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18

Foreman, Peter O., e David A. Whetten. Measuring Organizational Identity. A cura di Michael G. Pratt, Majken Schultz, Blake E. Ashforth e Davide Ravasi. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199689576.013.3.

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Although the concept of organizational identity has gained currency in the organizational studies literature, and many conceptual issues have been addressed, there is an overall lack of attention to methodological concerns. Specifically, the field lacks a comprehensive and systematic review of how organizational identity is operationalized and measured. Given the disparate uses of the concept and the range of theories employing it, the means of measurement span the gamut of qualitative and quantitative methodologies. In this chapter, we review over 80 studies where organizational identity was operationalized and/or measured. We develop a descriptive classification framework of measurement approaches, noting the distinctive elements of the five major types that result. We then identify key patterns that emerge from the data, leading to insights and observations about the landscape of organizational identity research. We conclude with a discussion of critical implications and directions for future research.
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19

Gartstein, Maria A., Samuel P. Putnam, Elaine N. Aron e Mary K. Rothbart. Temperament and Personality. A cura di Sara Maltzman. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199739134.013.2.

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This chapter provides an overview of theory and research addressing temperament and personality, particularly as these are relevant to clinical applications. Our review begins with a brief history of influential frameworks and foundational constructs, including aspects they share in common and others engendering disagreement. Measurement approaches, development of temperament/personality, the biological underpinnings, and studies addressing cross-cultural and gender differences, are also noted in this review. The chapter concludes with problems in adaptation associated with temperament, focusing on ameliorating those difficulties through clinical applications of temperament and personality constructs with children and adults. Importantly, a developmental, empirically focused perspective informed this chapter, and as a result, this work includes references to developmental periods from early childhood to adulthood, emphasizing approaches that have received empirical support.
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20

Bui, Thuy, e Abhishek Ganguly. Issues in Hedge Fund Research. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190607371.003.0021.

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This chapter explores the various issues and challenges that confront financial economists researching hedge funds. Besides being complex investment vehicles, hedge funds are private entities that are subject to little regulation and disclosure requirements and are less transparent by nature. Such lax regulatory oversight also enables hedge funds to become the venues for financial innovation and cutting-edge investment strategies. As a result, research in hedge funds not only attempts to keep up with the continuous advancement in strategies employed by hedge fund managers but also suffers from several data issues, performance measurement biases, and endogeneity issues. These biases in hedge fund research considerably limit the accuracy and, more importantly, the generalizability of the findings. Thus, users of hedge fund research should be mindful of its limitations.
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21

Saitoh, E., e K. Ando. Experimental observation of the spin Hall effect using spin dynamics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198787075.003.0015.

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This chapter describes an experiment on the inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) induced by spin pumping. Spin pumping is the generation of spin currents as a result of magnetization M(t) precession; in a ferromagnetic/paramagnetic bilayer system, a conduction-electron spin current is pumped out of the ferromagnetic layer into the paramagnetic conduction layer in a ferromagnetic resonance condition. The sample used in the experiment is a Ni81Fe19/Pt bilayer film comprising a 10-nm-thick ferromagnetic Ni81Fe19layer and a 10-nm-thick paramagnetic Pt layer. For the measurement, the sample system is placed near the centre of a TE011 microwave cavity at which the magnetic-field component of the microwave mode is maximized while the electric-field component is minimized.
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22

Sainz, Jorge G., e Bradley P. Fuhrman. Basic Pediatric Hemodynamic Monitoring. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199918027.003.0005.

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Physiological monitoring using a variety of technological advances supplements, but does not replace, our ability to distinguish normal from abnormal physiology traditionally gleaned from physical examination. Pulse oximetry uses the wavelengths of saturated and unsaturated hemoglobin to estimate arterial oxygenation noninvasively. Similar technology included on vascular catheters provides estimation of central or mixed venous oxygenation and helps assess the adequacy of oxygen delivered to tissues. End-tidal carbon dioxide measurements contribute to the assessment of ventilation. Systemic arterial blood pressure and central venous pressure measurements help evaluate cardiac performance, including the impact of ventilatory support. Intra-abdominal pressure may increase as a result of intraluminal air or fluid, abnormal fluid collections within the peritoneal cavity, or abnormal masses. Increased pressure may impede venous return to the heart and compromise intra-abdominal organ perfusion. Pressure measurement guides related management decisions.
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23

Lassiter, Daniel. Graded Modality. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198701347.001.0001.

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This book explores graded expressions of modality, a rich and underexplored source of insight into modal semantics. Studies on modal language to date have largely focussed on a small and non-representative subset of expressions, namely modal auxiliaries such as must, might, and ought. Here, Daniel Lassiter argues that we should expand the conversation to include gradable modals such as more likely than, quite possible, and very good. He provides an introduction to qualitative and degree semantics for graded meaning, using the Representational Theory of Measurement to expose the complementarity between these apparently opposed perspectives on gradation. The volume explores and expands the typology of scales among English adjectives and uses the result to shed light on the meanings of a variety of epistemic and deontic modals. It also demonstrates that modality is deeply intertwined with probability and expected value, connecting modal semantics with the cognitive science of uncertainty and choice.
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Jacoby, Ryan J., e Jonathan S. Abramowitz. Intolerance of Uncertainty in OCD. A cura di Christopher Pittenger. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228163.003.0017.

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Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is a key cognitive construct in the maintenance of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms. Whereas most individuals feel “certain-enough” that situations are relatively safe, those with OCD who have elevated IU have difficulty managing the feeling of not knowing “for sure” whether a feared outcome may occur. As a result, they engage in compulsive rituals (e.g., checking, reassurance seeking) with the aim of restoring a sense of certainty. Given the pervasiveness of uncertainty in daily life, these doubts and rituals can lead to heightened daily distress for individuals with OCD. Accordingly, the present chapter reviews the following: (a) a comprehensive definition of IU, (b) the conceptualization of IU as important in the development and maintenance of OCD across various symptom presentations, (c) the measurement of IU using both self-report and behavioral methods, and (d) recommendations for the consideration of IU in OCD treatment.
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25

Silberstein, Michael, W. M. Stuckey e Timothy McDevitt. Relational Blockworld and Quantum Mechanics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807087.003.0005.

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The main thread of chapter 4 introduces some of the major mysteries and interpretational issues of quantum mechanics (QM). These mysteries and issues include: quantum superposition, quantum nonlocality, Bell’s inequality, entanglement, delayed choice, the measurement problem, and the lack of counterfactual definiteness. All these mysteries and interpretational issues of QM result from dynamical explanation in the mechanical universe and are dispatched using the authors’ adynamical explanation in the block universe, called Relational Blockworld (RBW). A possible link between RBW and quantum information theory is provided. The metaphysical underpinnings of RBW, such as contextual emergence, spatiotemporal ontological contextuality, and adynamical global constraints, are provided in Philosophy of Physics for Chapter 4. That is also where RBW is situated with respect to retrocausal accounts and it is shown that RBW is a realist, psi-epistemic account of QM. All the relevant formalism for this chapter is provided in Foundational Physics for Chapter 4.
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26

Olsen, Jan Abel. Benefits from improved health. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794837.003.0018.

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This chapter starts with an inquiry into the nature of different outcome measures that are being used in the medical literature, emphasizing an important distinction between incommensurable versus commensurable measures. The quality-adjusted life year (QALY) represents the most widely used commensurable metric. A key issue is how to value health-related quality of life (HRQoL) on a [0–1] scale by the use of health-state utility instruments. In addition to the health outcomes that are accounted for in the QALY measure, productivity gains might occur as a result of previously sick people returning to work. The chapter discusses the methodological and the equity issues involved when determining the extent to which production gains should be included in an economic evaluation. Finally, the theory behind the willingness-to-pay method is briefly explained, and contrasted with some measurement problems when applied as a way to value health benefits.
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27

Ferrari, Victor. The EACVI Textbook of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. A cura di Massimo Lombardi, Sven Plein, Steffen Petersen, Chiara Bucciarelli-Ducci, Emanuela Valsangiacomo Buechel e Cristina Basso. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198779735.001.0001.

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Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) has become one of the great pillars of cardiac imaging. Modern CMR, as we now practise it, is the result of an enormous method and application development effort that has occurred over the past 25 years and has taken CMR from its humble beginnings of anatomical T1- and T2-weighted imaging to the extremely versatile, accurate, and robust technique it is now. The main developments over this time, building on the anatomical imaging, were the establishment of cine imaging for assessment of cardiac function, first-pass perfusion imaging for measurement of perfusion reserve, as well as myocardial blood flow (in millilitres per minute and gram), late gadolinium enhancement for imaging of scar and patchy fibrosis, and two-dimensional flow velocity imaging for assessment of valve and shunt lesions. This textbook intends to explore and evaluate all areas of this fascinating subject.
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Martin, Colin J. Interaction of ionizing radiations with matter. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199655212.003.0002.

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Interactions of ionizing radiations with matter are fundamental to the practice of radiation protection. They determine the magnitude and distribution of doses in tissues, the performance of detectors and imaging devices, and the attenuating properties of shielding materials. This chapter describes briefly the processes of radioactive decay and the properties of the various particles emitted, and then goes on to consider the interactions of radiation with matter. Electron interactions with metals result in bremsstrahlung and characteristic X-rays that form the basis of X-ray production. The interaction mechanisms of X-rays with tissue, particularly the photoelectric effect and Compton scattering, are inherent in the process of radiology image formation. Understanding the physics behind X-ray interactions so that scattered radiation can be taken into account is crucial in designing methods for accurately measuring radiation dose parameters. The final section deals with the dose related variables involved in measurement of radiation fields.
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29

Hibbert, D. Brynn. Quality Assurance in the Analytical Chemistry Laboratory. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195162127.001.0001.

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Analytical chemical results touch everyones lives can we eat the food? do I have a disease? did the defendant leave his DNA at the crime scene? should I invest in that gold mine? When a chemist measures something how do we know that the result is appropriate? What is fit for purpose in the context of analytical chemistry? Many manufacturing and service companies have embraced traditional statistical approaches to quality assurance, and these have been adopted by analytical chemistry laboratories. However the right chemical answer is never known, so there is not a direct parallel with the manufacture of ball bearings which can be measured and assessed. The customer of the analytical services relies on the quality assurance and quality control procedures adopted by the laboratory. It is the totality of the QA effort, perhaps first brought together in this text, that gives the customer confidence in the result. QA in the Analytical Chemistry Laboratory takes the reader through all aspects of QA, from the statistical basics and quality control tools to becoming accredited to international standards. The latest understanding of concepts such as measurement uncertainty and metrological traceability are explained for a working chemist or her client. How to design experiments to optimize an analytical process is included, together with the necessary statistics to analyze the results. All numerical manipulation and examples are given as Microsoft Excel spreadsheets that can be implemented on any personal computer. Different kinds of interlaboratory studies are explained, and how a laboratory is judged in proficiency testing schemes is described. Accreditation to ISO 17025 or OECD GLP is nearly obligatory for laboratories of any pretension to quality. Here the reader will find an introduction to the requirements and philosophy of accreditation. Whether completing a degree course in chemistry or working in a busy analytical laboratory, this book is a single source for an introduction into quality assurance.
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30

Galpin, Timothy. Winning at the Acquisition Game. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198858560.001.0001.

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Winning at the Acquisition Game is a collection of the best materials, insights, tools, and templates which comprise the popular Mergers and Acquisitions course taught in the MBA and Executive MBA programs at the Saïd Business School, University of Oxford. Each chapter provides readers with practical knowledge and tools to help them understand the entire mergers and acquisitions (M&A) process from pre-deal strategy and due diligence, through transaction valuation, negotiations, and closing, to post-deal implementation, workforce motivation, innovation for revenue growth, and results measurement and reporting. As a result, readers will gain valuable insights into the entire M&A process, from beginning to end, connecting traditionally distinct, “siloed” functional expertise across the process. Case examples in the chapters describe how each stage of the process has been implemented by companies across various industries. Each chapter concludes with a set of discussion questions and a self-assessment that readers can use to determine their firm’s current level of M&A capability. Practical frameworks, tools, and templates are also provided in an “M&A Workbook” that readers can apply to their own transactions, now or in the future.
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31

Tarsia, Paolo. Dyspnoea in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0083.

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Dyspnoea may be defined as a subjective experience of discomfort associated with breathing. Breathing discomfort arises as a result of complex interactions between signals relayed from the upper airways, the chest wall, the lungs, and the central nervous system. Integration of this information with higher brain centres provides further processing. The final aspects of the sensation of dyspnoea are influenced by contextual, environmental, behavioural, and cognitive factors. At least three qualitatively distinct sensations have been employed to describe discomfort in breathing—air hunger, increased effort of breathing, and chest tightness. Air hunger has been shown to be associated with stimulation of chemoreceptors. Increased effort of breathing may arise in clinical conditions that impair respiratory muscle performance through abnormal mechanical loads or when respiratory muscles are weakened (neuromuscular diseases). Chest tightness is often experienced by asthmatic patients during episodes of acute bronchoconstriction. Measurement of dyspnoea is essential in order to assess it adequately and monitor response to treatment. Dyspnoea assessment may be carried out thorough a number of different scales, questionnaires, or exercise tests. Strategies in controlling dyspnoea should not focus uniquely on decreasing dyspnoea intensity. Patients may profit from interventions that decrease the unpleasantness associated with breathlessness without necessarily affecting the intensity component of the symptom.
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32

Concha Cantú, Hugo A., Miguel Ángel Lara Otaola e Jesús Orozco Henríquez. Towards a Global Index of Electoral Justice: International IDEA Discussion Paper 2/2020. International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, and Tribunal Electoral del Poder Judicial de la Federación, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31752/idea.2021.29.

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Globally, a wide variety of indices and indicators evaluate and provide information on different aspects of democracy and electoral procedures. On the one hand, there are indices that measure the quality of democracy and its resilience over time, focusing on building blocks such as the existence of representative governments, civil and political rights and necessary power limits. Other indices evaluate the quality of elections and specific aspects, such as voter registration, campaign financing and the performance of electoral authorities. Finally, others evaluate rule of law and access to justice. However, none of these indices focuses on the dimension of electoral justice, understood as the means and procedural mechanisms that guarantee free and fair elections, carried out in accordance with the law, and that guarantee the exercise and fulfilment of political rights. This is about to change. International IDEA, with the support of the Electoral Tribunal of the Federal Judiciary of Mexico, makes an unprecedented proposal for the construction of a Global Index dedicated exclusively to electoral justice. This document includes a measurement proposal with normative design, process and result indicators, which will offer useful and comparative information on the electoral conflict resolution system of a given country or countries. It will provide comparative knowledge on electoral processes and institutions from around the world and assess the quality of their electoral justice.
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Lopez, Berenice, e Patrick J. Twomey. Biochemical investigation of rheumatic diseases. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0062.

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It is important for rheumatologists to have an understanding of biochemical tests including an awareness of their limitations. The biological variability of an analyte both within and between individuals, the limitations of the measurement technology, the sensitivity of laboratory internal quality control and external quality assurance procedures, as well as interlaboratory variations in practices including sample collection procedures, may all impact on the interpretation of a result. Biochemical tests are often requested to monitor organ-specific dysfunction arising as an adverse consequence of pharmacotherapy or as a component of a systemic rheumatic disease, although dysfunction may also reflect infection or coincidental pathology. Patients with rheumatic diseases are at high risk of renal and hepatic disease. Serum creatinine and its derivative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) are the most readily available surrogate markers of GFR and are used to assess renal impairment and monitor its course. However, the use of creatinine alone lacks sensitivity and a substantial loss of function must occur before creatinine levels are increased. Additional biochemical screening for kidney damage can be performed by assessment of glomerular integrity, including proteinuria or albuminuria and haematuria. A wide spectrum of rheumatic diseases can affect the liver with various degrees of involvement and hepatic pathology. These often present with cholestatic or hepatitic biochemical profiles. The medical management of rheumatic diseases also involves medications that are hepatotoxic, and routine monitoring of liver function is recommended. This approach is not problem-free and may be improved by quantitative determinations of non-invasive markers of liver fibrosis in the future. Together with imaging techniques, biochemical tests play an important role in the assessment and differential diagnosis of metabolic bone disease.
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