Articoli di riviste: "RIVER GANGA WATER QUALITY"

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Bagla, Piyush, Kuldeep Kumar, Nonita Sharma e Ravi Sharma. "Multivariate Analysis of Water Quality of Ganga River". Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series B 102, n. 3 (1 marzo 2021): 539–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40031-021-00555-z.

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Trivedi, R. C. "Water quality of the Ganga River – An overview". Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 13, n. 4 (15 novembre 2010): 347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14634988.2010.528740.

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Upadhyay, Anima. "Water Quality Index of Ganga River Water, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology V, n. XI (23 novembre 2017): 2876–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2017.11396.

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Baloori, S. S., Pallavi Upreti e Jyotsna Kukreti. "A COMPREHENSIVE WATER QUALITY REVIEW OF RIVER YAMUNA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO WATER QUALITY INDEX IN THE HIMALAYAN REGION OF INDIA". International Journal of Advanced Research 10, n. 05 (31 maggio 2022): 407–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/14722.

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Abstract (sommario):

India with 4% of fresh water resources is facing a dual challenge of water scarcity and pollution. Several rivers in India originate from Himalayan systems and forms the basis of Indias Economy. River contamination and diminishing water quality is reducing populations accessibility to clean and safe drinking Water. As one of the significant perennial tributaries of The Ganga Water systems, River Yamuna passes through the heartlands of thegreat North India Plains sustaining cities, feeding millions. Since Yamuna passes through major urban settlement it is heavily polluted with untreated industrial waste, sewage, domestic waste making its way into the river. The study presents a comprehensive reviewof the water quality assessmentsof theriver Yamuna with special reference to Water Quality Index based on severalhydrological parameters. Based on the levels of contamination the whole stretch of Yamuna from its source (at Uttarakhand) till its confluence with Ganga (at Allahabad) has been divided into 5 segments. While all the lower stretches depict high to very high pollution levels, the upper segment of the river in the Himalayas show good water quality. Water quality parameters of river Yamuna depict that BOD, DO and COD levels are not in range of permissible limits in Delhi segment but it falls under permissible limits range in Himalayan segment. Other than these parameters, ammonia, TKN and other organic and inorganic matters fall under the desired standards in Himalayan region of Yamuna.

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Gaur, Anupama, Pratima Akolkar e M. P. Arora. "Water quality assessment of River Ganga for conservation of Gangetic dolphins (Platanista gangetica) at Garhmukteshwar". Environment Conservation Journal 10, n. 3 (21 dicembre 2009): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2009.100311.

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82 km stretch of River Ganga from Garhmukteshwar to Narora has been declared as Ramsar site because it inhabits rare and endangered Gangetic dolphins (Platanista gangetica). Dominance of Molluscs and Annelida communities of benthic macroinvertebrates provide proper feeding habitat for dolphins at more than 10-20 meter depth in River Ganga. Gangetic dolphin preferred a high level of flow velocity in River Ganga at Garhmukteshwar. Dolphins were commonly observed in biological water quality of moderate pollution (Class ‘C’). Habitat degradation due to construction of dams/ barrages, extraction of water, siltation, pollution due to hazardous chemicals and other human activities are the main causes of its decline in the river.

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Jain, C. K., e Surya Singh. "Impact of climate change on the hydrological dynamics of River Ganga, India". Journal of Water and Climate Change 11, n. 1 (9 maggio 2018): 274–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2018.029.

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Abstract Rivers provide innumerable ecosystem services to mankind. However, anthropogenic activities have inflicted a host of pressures to the riverine ecosystems. Climate change is also one of the human induced consequences which is of serious concern. A number of studies have predicted devastating effects of climate change. In the Indian context, where a river such as the Ganga is already suffering from industrial and municipal waste disposal, unhygienic rituals, and other activities, effects of climate change may further aggravate the situation. Climate change will not only result in disasters, but effects on water quality, biodiversity, and other ecological processes also cannot be denied. In this paper, an attempt has been made to evaluate the effects of climatic change on the dynamics of River Ganga. The study focuses on the impacts on fundamental ecological processes, river water quality, effect on species composition, and hydropower potential etc. The paper also discusses management aspects and research needs for rejuvenation of the River Ganga.

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Vishnoi, Unnati, Jagjit Kaur e S. K. Pathak. "Water quality of river Ganga in respect of physico-chemical characteristics at Kangri Village, District Haridwar". Environment Conservation Journal 9, n. 1&2 (16 giugno 2008): 145–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2008.091227.

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This paper deals with the water quality status of river Ganga at Kangri village was studied with .respect to physico-chemical characteristics. Parameters studied was pH, Total solids, total dissolved solid, TSS, conductivity,alkalinity, hardness, DO, BOD, COD. With respect to plH the water of river Ganga was found alkaline.

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Sim, Siong Fong, e Szewei Elaine Tai. "Assessment of a Physicochemical Indexing Method for Evaluation of Tropical River Water Quality". Journal of Chemistry 2018 (2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8385369.

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This paper attempts to evaluate the Malaysian water quality indexing method that has been criticized for its ineffectiveness. The indexing method is referred to as the Water Quality Index of the Department of Environment, Malaysia (DOE-WQI). This index was assessed against two other indices (River Ganga Index and Minimal Water Quality Index (WQImin)) and a modified DOE-WQI was also proposed. DOE-WQI and WQImin are physicochemical indices, whereas the River Ganga Index and modified DOE-WQI are indices with the inclusion of a microbiological parameter. The assessment was conducted based on the water quality of tropical rivers in Malaysia, with specific reference to Sarawak River and its tributaries. Water quality in terms of pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, turbidity, total suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, ammoniacal nitrogen, and fecal coliform count (FCC) was measured from 18 stations in December 2015, January 2016, and March 2016. Generally, the river was characterized with high FCC with the four indices significantly correlated. The results demonstrated the shortcomings of the existing DOE-WQI; the physicochemical index assigned water quality to a better class than its actual conditions without taking into consideration the FCC.

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Prasad, G., V. Shanker e A. K. Chopra. "Impact of IDPL effluent on water quality of river Ganga at Shyampur Khadir, Rishikesh (Uttaranchal)". Environment Conservation Journal 5, n. 1-3 (19 dicembre 2004): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2004.0512310.

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Present paper deals with the impact of IDPL effluent on water quality of river Ganga at Shyampur Khadir, Rishikesh. A significant deterioration of water quality of Ganga was recorded at Shyampur Khadir. Water quality of river Ganga at Pashulok Barrage (1.5 Km. before discharge of IDPL effluent) was better in term of various physicochemical characteristics, valued mg/It, chloride- 5.6, DO- 8.8, BOD- 7.14 and COD- 20.95 was observed . Bacterial load of water in term of MPN and SPC was found 11.6x102/100 ml and 102x103/ ml respectively. But a high degree of deterioration of water quality was recorded at Shyampur Khadir located about 1.5 Km. away from discharge point in down stream of the river Various parameters were found highly enhanced i.e. Hardness- 137.8, cholride- 14.3, BOD- 58.8, COD-162.45, MPN -64x102 and SPC- 290x 103. Main cause of deterioration of water quality of Ganga at Shyampur Khadir was found due to the discharge of IDPL effluent which was highly polluted as evident by low level of DO-2.8 and high degree of BOD- 181, COD- 261.8 mg/l and MPN- 209x102 and SPC- 380x 103.

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Verma, Ambuj, e Dr Anirudh Gupta. "Prediction of Surface Water Quality of Upper Ganga in Uttar Pradesh". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, n. 8 (31 agosto 2022): 1720–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46486.

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Abstract: With an increase in population and accelerated pace of industrialization, water quality is going to degrade day-by-day. The main source of water in India is from rivers. The Ganga River Basin is the world’s most populated and is home to half of India’s population, including two-thirds of the nation’s poor. This paper highlights the utility of statistical techniques for evaluating, interpreting complex data sets and recognizing spatial differences in water quality for effective management of river water quality. The Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model uses time-series data and statistical analysis to interpret the data and make future predictions. 6 water quality parameters Dissolved Oxygen, BOD, pH, Temperature, Electrical Conductivity and Total Coliform are analysed and predicted. In this work 4 monitoring station is taken for the prediction analysis and data is taken from the CPCB. In this work ARIMA model is giving the better prediction of temperature, total coliform and conductivity in compare of other water quality parameter pH, BOD and DO. The max value for correlation coefficient for Dissolved Oxygen, BOD, pH, Temperature, Electrical Conductivity and Total Coliform are respectively 0.73, 0.76, 0.79, 0.83, 0.84 and 0.85.

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Sharma, Nisha, e Padma Singh. "Microbiological Screening of river Ganga before and after Shivratri". Environment Conservation Journal 12, n. 3 (22 dicembre 2011): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2011.120308.

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Rivers in India have been regarded from time immemorial as sacred water bodies. The holy Ganges flowing in the most populated northern India is also declared unfit for even bathing. The present investigation has been carried out to monitor the water quality of river Ganga. Water samples were taken from five different sites and were checked out for microbiological study by evaluating SPC. Later on enumeration, isolation and identification of bacteria was done. Sensitivity tests were also carried out. The results obtained after performing the experiments indicates that the water in the tested stretch is unfit for both bathing and drinking purposes.

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Singh, Veer Pratap, A. K. Singh, Raghu Vanshi, Prashant Singh*, Santosh Kumar Singh e Ajoy Kumar Singh. "Assessment of water quality in the river gomati at Jaunpur (U.P.), India." Annals of Plant Sciences 5, n. 03 (24 aprile 2016): 1312. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/aps.2016.03.005.

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The river Gomati is popularly known as "Aadi-Ganga". Gomati River is an important tributary of river Ganga and perennial river of Awadh plains. The river Gomati originates from Gomat Taal near Madhoganj Tanda village in Pilibhit district (U.P.), run across the major part of U.P. covering nine districts of Shahjahanpur, Lakhimpurkheri, Hardoi, Sitapur, Lucknow, Barabanki, Sultanpur, Jaunpur and ultimately merges in Ganga river, near Saidpur Kaithi in Varanasi. The world is facing problems with a wide variety of pollutants both inorganic and organic in nature. Healthy soil, clean water and air are the soul of life. Often soil, water and air are no longer clean and pure, but pose human health risks. The river Gomati receives huge quantities of untreated sewage agricultural runoff, brings a lot of pesticides, fertilizer, street washouts bringing oil, asphalt, sediment and many types of heavy metals. From industrial effluents to domestic discharge, the river becomes more of a flowing dumping yard. The physico-chemical parameters in water of river Gomati were assessed to know about the water quality in its catchment area. Total of four sampling sites were selected between Gokul ghat upstream and Ramghat downstream. Physico-chemical parameters like pH, Temperature, Total dissolved solid (TDS), Total suspended solid (TSS), Hardness, Dissolved oxygen (DO), Nitrate, Nitrite, Chloride, Total Coliforms and some heavy metals were determined. Changes in water quality of river Gomati due to variations in quantity of parameters were found. Heavy metals mainly Copper, Iron, Zinc, Lead, Arsenic, Cadmium and Nickel were noticed.

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Siddiqui, N., T. Faiyaz e V. S. Tari. "Ganga and Yamuna Rivers: Through the Lens of the National Green Tribunal". Nature Environment and Pollution Technology 21, n. 4 (1 dicembre 2022): 1657–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.46488/nept.2022.v21i04.018.

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Despite the country’s extensive environmental jurisprudence and many historic rulings in which the courts have rescued worsening environmental situations, river (Ganga and Yamuna) water does not match the mandated minimum “bathing quality.” Rivers like the Ganga and Yamuna, which flow through numerous states and towns, would be in a different situation. Without strict monitoring and enforcement of the measures, no action plan can work. Punishment of defaulters can serve as deterrence while also instilling fear in other non-compliant enterprises. In comparison to environmental legislation, the NGT Act allows for substantially harsher fines and penalties. River rejuvenation plans must be carefully monitored to ensure that they do not suffer the same fate. Making action plans will not improve river water quality unless they are implemented with sincerity and consistency, as well as continuous monitoring and severe enforcement.

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Thakur, Parikshit. "River Churni: Assessing Trans boundary River Pollution and Options for Livelihood Protection". Electronic Journal of Social and Strategic Studies 03, n. 01 (2022): 21–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.47362/ejsss.2022.3102.

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Trans-boundary Rivers are one of the major causes of conflict among the riparian states. Mathabhanga Churni is one of such 54 shared rivers between India and Bangladesh flowing in the Ganga Brahmaputra river basin which is a major source of fresh water as well as livelihood support to the people of its riverbanks for various reasons. The water quality of Churni deteriorated due to industrial waste disposal by a company, located in Bangladesh, in the river Churni. Moreover, in Indian side there are open defecation in the river Churni along with industrial and municipal waste disposal which are responsible for degradation of water quality affecting the livelihood of the common people of the riverbank of both sides. Initiatives have been taken to revive the course of river and purify its water quality by the National Green Tribunal, local environmental activists, like-minded people and organizations through awareness programme and protest. The article argues that initiatives for revival of the river Churni were taken by local activists and Government agencies but there is an acute absence of trans-boundary attention from both sides. While both the countries are busy with the Teesta and the Ganga as a result diplomatic parleys, government officials seem to have ignored the issue of pollution in the river Churni which can actually act as a catalyst for inculcating trans-boundary water diplomacy. It finds that diplomatic or bilateral engagements, issues revolving around Centre-State relations also need to be addressed in order to prevent an ecological disaster on both sides of the boundary and also to sustain livelihoods.

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Kulshrestha, Shail. "Assessment of Water Quality Status of Chandrabhaga River at Rishikesh, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India". Current World Environment 16, n. 1 (28 aprile 2021): 163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.16.1.17.

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In the background of the ambitious ‘National Mission for Clean Ganga’ to clean, conserve and protect the River Ganga in a comprehensive manner, this study was undertaken to evaluate the status of Water Quality of Chandrabhaga river at Rishikesh, district Dehradun, India, between the Dhalwala bridge area and Mayakund area where it merges with the river Ganga, affecting adversely its water quality. The characteristics of Chandrabhaga river water were assessed during July to September 2017 by monitoring the water quality at most garbeged and contaminated five locations by determining physicochemical and biological parameters and metal ions. The observed values of dissolved oxygen (DO) varied from 0.4 to 1.29 mg/L, such a low DO, high biological oxygen demand (BOD, 21 ± 2.64 to 56 ±6.08 mg/L) and much high Coliform (1760 ±13.23 to3180 ±27.61 MPN/ 100 ml) at all the locations reflects the poor water quality of Chandrabhaga River. Recorded values of total dissolved solid (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), total hardness (TH), alkalinity, phosphate, sodium, potassium and calcium exceeded the WHO standards. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed the highly positive correlations all the time between EC and TDS, TH and TDS, TH and EC, while during high flow period good correlations were recorded between alkalinity and pH, TDS, EC and TH. Irrigation water quality parameters such as soluble sodium percentage (SSP), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR) and Kelly’s Ratio was evaluated to test the suitability of river water for irrigation purpose.

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Singh, Kamakshi, e Ramakar Jha. "Analysing the Changes in Water Quality of River Ganga Passing Through Urban Cities with Remote Sensing and GIS Support". Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution 19, n. 1 (19 gennaio 2022): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ajw220008.

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River Ganga in India has tremendous self-purification capacity due to its dynamic, turbulent and meandering characteristics. In addition due to the presence of anti-bacterial agents such as Bacteriophages virus killing bacteria and its medicinal properties, the refinement capacity increases. In the present work, water quality samples of river Ganga at Kanpur, Prayagraj, Varanasi, Patna and Bhagalpur were collected and analysed for the years 2017-2019 to assess the change in water quality of the river Ganga in terms of total suspended solids (TSS) and turbidity through remote sensing data and ground observations. The change in spectral reflectance of water along the river in the visible region has been analysed using the Landsat-8 multispectral remote sensing data and water quality samples have been collected from all the sites on the date of pass of Landsat-8 satellite. The results obtained shows that the satellite based remote sensing approach can be effectively used to make qualitative and quantitative estimates of total suspended solids and turbidity using nonlinear equations with high accuracy, even in the absence of field observations.

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Gupta, LN, Ram Avtar, Ameerjeet Singh, Pankaj Kumar, Emmanuel Mutisya, Geetha Mohan e GS Gupta. "Assessment of Ganges River Water Quality at Allahabad: A case study for the event of Magha Mela". International Journal of Life Sciences 8, n. 3 (27 maggio 2014): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v8i3.9303.

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Considering Ganga River as one of main Holy River in India, millions of people throng to the river to have a holy dip, Aachman (Mouthful of holy water) and cleanse themselves of sins. Magh Mela is a great festival to take place in bank of Triveni (Sangam) at Allahabad and runs more than one and half month, when millions of pilgrims from different regions in India go there for taking a holy bath in Sangam of Ganga. Thus, the bathing in the river during Magh Mela leads to high pollution of the river in comparison to other days such as normal bathing days. This study focused on the water quality status from some selected physico-chemical parameters of River Ganges and the impact of Magh Mela as well as the variation in the river’s flow rate. Results indicate that the pollution load was alarmingly high and the flow of the Ganga had been very poor. Further, the study found that the water was not fit for bathing during the 2012 Magh Mela. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v8i3.9303 International Journal of Life Sciences Vol.8(3): 2014: 8-14

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van der Vat, Marnix, Pascal Boderie, Kees Bons, Mark Hegnauer, Gerrit Hendriksen, Mijke van Oorschot, Bouke Ottow et al. "Participatory Modelling of Surface and Groundwater to Support Strategic Planning in the Ganga Basin in India". Water 11, n. 12 (21 novembre 2019): 2443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11122443.

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The Ganga Basin in India experiences problems related to water availability, water quality and ecological degradation because of over-abstraction of surface and groundwater, the presence of various hydraulic infrastructure, discharge of untreated sewage water, and other point and non-point source pollution. The basin is experiencing rapid socio-economic development that will increase both the demand for water and pollution load. Climate change adds to the uncertainty and future variability of water availability. To support strategic planning for the Ganga Basin by the Indian Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation and the governments of the concerned Indian states, a river basin model was developed that integrates hydrology, geohydrology, water resources management, water quality and ecology. The model was developed with the involvement of key basin stakeholders across central and state governments. No previous models of the Ganga Basin integrate all these aspects, and this is the first time that a participatory approach was applied for the development of a Ganga Basin model. The model was applied to assess the impact of future socio-economic and climate change scenarios and management strategies. The results suggest that the impact of socio-economic development will far exceed the impacts of climate change. To balance the use of surface and groundwater to support sustained economic growth and an ecologically healthy river, it is necessary to combine investments in wastewater treatment and reservoir capacity with interventions that reduce water demand, especially for irrigation, and that increase dry season river flow. An important option for further investigation is the greater use of alluvial aquifers for temporary water storage.

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Ruhela, Mukesh, Paritosh Kumar, Varun Tyagi, Faheem Ahamad e Khushi Ram. "Assessment of water quality of River Ganga at Haridwar with reference to Water Quality Index". Environment Conservation Journal 19, n. 3 (22 dicembre 2018): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2018.19306.

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Shankar, Ravi, Sachin Nale, Pradyot Prakash, Gyan Prakash Singh e Shikha Singh. "The Physiochemical, Biological Quality and Seasonal Variability of River Ganges in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India". Indian Journal of Community Health 30, n. 2 (30 giugno 2018): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2018.v30i02.010.

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Background: The Ganga River is a life-line, a symbol of purity and virtue for countless people of India. Nearly all the sewage, industrial effluent, runoff from chemical fertilizers and pesticides used in agriculture within the basin, and large quantities of solid waste, including thousands of animals carcasses and hundreds of human corpses are dumped in the river everyday which posed a considerable public health threat to the religious bathers and a large number of people living along the river who uses Ganges water for drinking and other household purposes. Objective: To assess the physiochemical and biological quality of river Ganges water and to study the seasonality pattern of pollution of River Ganges. Materials and Methods: Two points namely Samne ghat and Rajghat (entry and exit point of Ganga into the city) were selected as the first and the last sampling stations, beside 8 other intermediate sampling stations to assess the physiochemical and biological quality of River Ganga water. The study was conducted from April 2013 to March 2014 and this period was crudely divided into three seasons viz Winter, Summer and Rainy season for the purpose of studying seasonality pattern of pollution. Results: As the river progress through city of Varanasi, Total dissolved solids (TDS), Chloride, Conductivity, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Nitrate, Nitrite and Most Probable Number (MPN) increases, DO decreases progressively and Temperature and pH remain same. Conclusion: As far as quality of water with regard to recreational and industrial purposes are concerned, Ganges water may be considered useful but most of the parameters observed across different seasons indicates that it may not be used as potable water.

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Prasad, G., V. Shankar e A. K. Chopra. "Environmental State of River Ganges in Rishikesh-Haridwar and its Management". Environment Conservation Journal 4, n. 1-3 (22 dicembre 2003): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2003.0412308.

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The present study deals with the influence of discharge of various drains carrying domestic and industrial wastes on the water quality of river Ganga at different locations of Rishikesh and Haridwar. It is indicated that though the quality of river water deteriorates at these locations, the river still has an excellence purifying ability. The condition of water quality is not much alarming. There is a need of monitoring of water quality from different depths at 5-6 different points of water current across the river width throughout the year. Various methods for the proper management of river water have been suggested.

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Roy, Malabika Biswas, Minakshi Ghosh e Pankaj Kumar Roy. "Assessment of water quality of River Ganga during COVID-19 lockdown". DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 223 (2021): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2021.27155.

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Khanna, D. R., P. Sarkar, Ashutosh Gautam e R. Bhutiani. "Fish scales as bio-indicator of water quality of River Ganga". Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 134, n. 1-3 (1 marzo 2007): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-007-9606-5.

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Singh, J. P., Shakun Singh e D. R. Khanna. "Water Quality Status Of River Ganges In Respect Of Physico Chemical And Microbial Characteristics At Anupshahar, District-Bulandhshar (India)". Environment Conservation Journal 7, n. 1&2 (21 giugno 2006): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2006.071205.

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A study was carried out to assess the water quality status of river Ganga with respect to physico-chemical and bacteriological characteristics at Anupshahar town (Tehsil of distt. Bulandshahar). To collect the samples. Before sampling point-B, several sewage drains discharge their effluent into river Ganga and bathing ghat activities are also held after sampling point- A. Parameters studied ranged from pH 7.0-8.97, Total Solids 112-902 mg/1,Total Dissolved Solids 90-262gm/1,Fixed Dissolved Solids 30-76mg/1,Conductivity 0.16-0781 m mhos/cm, Akalinity 59-110mg/1, Hardness 61-119mg/1,DO 9.8-12.6mg/1,BOD 1.2-5.5mg/1,COD12-35mg/1 and Total Coliform 700-24000 MPN /100ml. But out of these parameters the average values of BOD(3.483mg/1,)and total coliform bacteria (5408 MPN/100ML) at sampling point-B and BOD (2.25 mg/1,) and total coliform bacteria (3445 MPN/100 ml) at sampling point-A were obtained beyond the tolerance limits of drinking purpose. However, average values of these parameters were found higher at sampling point-B than sampling point-A which may be due to contaminations of sewage water of the town as well as bathing activities held before sampling point-B. Nature of water quality of river Ganga with respect to pH is alkaline. Present paper indicates that water quality of river Ganga is not suitable for drinking purpose with respect to BOD and bacteria within the range of study area.

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Bushra Bibi, Ke Jian, Abid Hussain e Aamir Sohail. "Environmental Threats to South Asia’s Basins (Indus and Ganga); Treaties Analysis". Journal of Peace, Development & Communication 07, n. 01 (21 marzo 2023): 220–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.36968/jpdc-v07-i01-18.

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The article aims to provide insights into the effectiveness of international water treaties in addressing environmental challenges in river basins. The Ganga and Indus River basins, encompassing a vast expanse of 2.20 million square kilometers, serve as the lifeblood for roughly one billion inhabitants of the South Asian region. However, the escalating challenges of water scarcity, climate change, over-extraction, pollution, and reduced flow that stem from burgeoning population growth, urbanization, industrialization, and agricultural activities, have critically endangered the water quality and quantity of these basins. The Ganga and Indus Water Treaties were created to promote collaboration and address water-related environmental issues. However, their limitations in addressing these threats make it necessary to review their effectiveness and examine their gaps and inadequacies. The study examines treaties related to the Indus and Ganga River basins regarding environmental threats, identifying gaps that need attention. A comparative analysis with the UN Watercourse Convention will be conducted to assess their effectiveness and adherence to global standards. Key Words: Environmental threats, IWT, Ganga treaty, UNWC

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Tandon, Praveen Kumar, e Neelam Shukla. "A STUDY ON PHYTOPLANKTON DIVERSITY IN RIVER GANGA AT ALLAHABAD, UTTAR PRADESH (INDIA)". Green Chemistry & Technology Letters 1, n. 01 (7 gennaio 2016): 92–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/gctl.2015.1115.

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Presence of microscopic algae can cause taste and odour problems, water discoloration, or form large mats that can interfere with boating, swimming, and fishing. The present study was conducted to assess the phytoplankton assemblages which in turn can serve as a suitable method to assess the quality of river ecosystem. Diversity of phytoplankton in river Ganga in Allahabad at five sampling stations was conducted from March to April 2014. Plankton identified in the river mainly composed of the members of Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae and Cyanophyceae families.The Palmer pollution index values were calculated to know the level of organic pollution and to support the data. On the basis of quantitative and qualitative estimates 15 significant algal species were identified which can tolerate high degree of pollution. The abundance of phytoplanktons in april was greater than in march. Abundance of phytoplanktons and algal bloom was maximum at Chhatnag ghat whereas at Sangam low phytoplankton diversity was found.In general, moderate temperature, low current velocity and high transparency of water appear to be better the conditions for algal growth in the river Ganga. These findings highlighted the deterioration of water quality of the river due to industrial, commercial and anthropogenic activities. The status of phytoplankton diversity of river Ganga was quite low indicating that the river is highly polluted.

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Yadav, Amita, e Jitendra Pandey. "Water Quality Interaction with Alkaline Phosphatase in the Ganga River: Implications for River Health". Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 99, n. 1 (17 maggio 2017): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-017-2108-4.

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28

Kar, Sayanti, Indrajit Ghosh, Pampiya Chowdhury, Amitava Ghosh, Pritam Aitch, Gupinath Bhandari e Abhishek RoyChowdhury. "A model-based prediction and analysis of seasonal and tidal influence on pollutants distribution from city outfalls of river Ganges in West Bengal, India and its mapping using GIS tool". PLOS Water 1, n. 2 (15 febbraio 2022): e0000008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pwat.0000008.

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Abstract (sommario):

River Ganges (locally called as river Ganga) is one of the most scared rivers in India. The river is symbol of hope, faith and is worshipped for its wholesomeness due to its purity and sanctity. Pollution of river water due to anthropogenic activity is a very common issue worldwide. Similarly, river Ganga pollution in India throughout its entire courses, is a major concern due to city outfalls. This river, also named as river Hooghly in West Bengal, India, is exposed to outfalls carrying domestic wastewater of its both bank and their distribution in river Ganga is strongly influenced by season and tide. This study aimed to generate an idea of distance and direction wise changes of concentration of pollutants in wastewater in river Ganga. During 2014, the selection of five major outfalls was done by considering Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), heavy metals, total fecal coliform level, and the study continued for next four consecutive years to find out the influence of tide and season. Geographical Information System (GIS) based maps provided a better reflection of these changes. Student’s t-test highlighted the significant changes in concentration of parameters season wise. A significant higher value of DO, BOD, nitrate nitrogen, and chloride were found in pre-monsoon season compared to monsoon season. Regression Equation generated for highly correlated parameters (coliform and heavy metals) helped to predict the level of one parameter with others. The zone of influence of BOD, DO, phosphorus and nitrate nitrogen from each of the five selected outfalls was very prominent. Acoustic Doppler current profiler at two of the five outfalls helped to estimate strip-wise depth average discharge which helped to estimate the value of water quality parameters by Plug Flow Model during high tide and low tide. A strong tidal variation was observed during low tide. This study helped to predict the influential zone from outfalls which will help to generate an alternative solution of river water use. This approach can be applied globally to prepare river water usage guidelines.

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Panwar, Anju, Sapana Bartwal, Sourabh Dangwal, Ashok Aswal, Asha Bhandari e Santosh Rawat. "Water Quality Assessment of River Ganga using Remote Sensing and GIS Technique". International Journal of Advanced Remote Sensing and GIS 4, n. 1 (11 settembre 2015): 1253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.23953/cloud.ijarsg.116.

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30

Singh, Sushil Kumar, Manish Kumar Kanth, Dhirendra Kumar, Rishikesh Raj, Abhijeet Kashyap, Pranav Kumar Jha, Ashutosh Anand et al. "Analysis of Water Quality of River Ganga from Digha Ghat to Gai Ghat in Patna District, Bihar, India". International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research 3, n. 5 (settembre 2017): 1350–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ijlssr.2017.3.5.14.

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31

SATYA, KUMARI, e CHANDRAVIR NARAYAN. "Study of Physico-chemical and Biological Characteristics of the Water of River Ganga at Patna, India". Current World Environment 13, n. 3 (21 novembre 2018): 374–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.13.3.10.

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Abstract (sommario):

River Ganga arises on the southern slopes of the Indian central Himalayan region beginning the Gangotri glacier. The river covers catchment area of 8, 61,404 km2 and its total length in the state Bihar stretch is 475 km. This study was carried out at Patna in the river Ganga at two sampling sites, viz., Digha Ghat (upstream) and Gai Ghat (downstream). The objective of the study was to observe the eminence of water of Ganga at Patna. The results that indicate that the river reaches near the city of Patna (upstream at Digha Ghat) are less polluted with pH 7.75, DO 7.42 mg/l, BOD 2.48 mg/l and COD 15.12 mg/l, while when the river leaves city after travelling 18 km (downstream at Gai Ghat), concentration of all pollutants increases significantly (pH 6.28, DO 6.22 mg/l, BOD 2 mg/l and COD 23 mg/l). The concentration of coliform bacteria (total coliform ranges from 5000 to 6000 MPN/100ml and faecal coliform ranges from 2200 MPN/100ml and 3000 MPN/100ml at both the sites) was recorded at higher level than the upper limit of the permissible level. This increment may be due to domestic and sewage discharge from the city. The municipality of Patna has sewage treatment plant capacity of about 109 MLD but whereas the city generates approximately 250 MLD sewage/township discharge. For the maintenance of pristine quality of water of the river Ganga, the sewage need be treated before discharge

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32

Gopal, Brij, e Malavika Sah. "Conservation and Management of Rivers in India: Case-study of the River Yamuna". Environmental Conservation 20, n. 3 (1993): 243–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900023031.

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Abstract (sommario):

The River Yamuna, originating in the Himalayas, is the largest tributary of the River Ganga (Ganges) into which it flows at Allahabad. Its drainage basin covers about 42% of the Ganga River basin and about 11% of India's total land area. The area of the Yamuna drainage basin is densely populated and under intensive agriculture, while industrial activity is also rapidly growing in it. Climatically, a large part of the basin is semi-arid, and the river-flow depends upon highly erratic monsoonal rains. Therefore, the River and its tributaries have been regulated for over a century by dams and barrages for domestic water-supply and irrigation.Besides increased flow-regulation, the River's system has been under increasing anthropogenic stress from discharge of—mostly untreated—domestic and industrial wastewaters, and from other activities in the basin. River Yamuna is severely polluted by domestic and industrial effluents especially from Delhi down to Agra. Water extraction and consequently low flow has affected the selfpurification capacity of the River. The greater inflow of River Chambal helps River Yamuna to recover to some extent after their confluence near Etawah.Studies of water quality and biota of the River Yamuna along its course during the past 30 years show rapid deterioration of water-quality, loss of fisheries, and significant changes in the biotic communities. In the manner of River Yamuna, its tributaries have also become increasingly polluted during the same period. There has, however, been little attention paid to the management of the River system and conservation of its resources, except for some efforts at the treatment of sewage effluents but emphasizing only water-quality. Ignoring the river-flood-plain interactions which play significant roles in the ecology of a river, most of the floodplain has been reclaimed by constructing high levees.We emphasize that the Yamuna River basin should be treated as one ecocomplex in developing appropriate management strategies, and that the conservation of waterquality and biota can be achieved through protection and better management of floodplains than has been practised to date.

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Tare, Vinod, Purnendu Bose e Santosh K. Gupta. "Suggestions for a Modified Approach Towards Implementation and Assessment of Ganga Action Plan and Other Similar River Action Plans in India". Water Quality Research Journal 38, n. 4 (1 novembre 2003): 607–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2003.039.

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Abstract In India, the implementation of river-cleaning operations through River Action Plans (RAPs) conventionally focuses on a reduction in concentrated or point sources of organic loading to the river, and is assessed by monitoring the consequent improvement in river water quality. However, in the case of Indian rivers or river stretches having substantial background pollution due to distributed or non-point loading of organic matter and nutrients, elimination of point sources of pollution may not substantially impact or improve river water quality. It is suggested that implementation of River Action Plans in India under such circumstances must be conducted using a multi-tier approach. The initial emphasis in such cases should be on the selection of priority stretches of the river, where pollution control will have maximum beneficial impact on the citizens, and interception and diversion of all concentrated or point loads of pollution from these stretches. In addition, measures to minimize non-point pollution and visible pollution to the river and initiation of riverfront restoration and development projects are necessary in these priority stretches. Such measures would result in aesthetic improvements, increase the beneficial uses of the river and its surroundings, and generate favorable public perception towards RAPs, though they may not be sufficient to enhance the river water quality to the desired levels. However, as a result of the above actions, public support for funding more expensive and longer-term river cleaning schemes, resulting in comprehensive reduction in organic and nutrient loading to the river from point and non-point sources all along its length, may be generated. The need for this alternative methodology for implementation and assessment of RAPs in India has been illustrated by taking the example of the Ganga Action Plan (GAP) and assessment of its implementation near the city of Kanpur in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India, as a test case.

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34

Kant, Shashi. "Assessment of Water Quality using Machine Learning and Fuzzy Techniques". Journal of Informatics Electrical and Electronics Engineering (JIEEE) 4, n. 1 (2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.54060/jieee.v4i1.91.

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Abstract (sommario):

The water quality of river Ganga is an important concern due to its drinking, domestic uses, irrigation and also for aquatic life. But the extent of pollutants in river water has deteriorated the quality of river water. So, the assessment of river water becomes very important. But due to the involved subjectivity and uncertainty in the decision making parameter makes the task very complex. In this study, machine learning and fuzzy techniques are utilized to develop the river water quality assessment models. The quality of the water is grouped into three classes. Four machine learning algorithms namely decision tree, random forest tree, k-nearest neighbor and support vector machine are used and implemented on python and anaconda platform. Whereas, three fuzzy based models (fuzzy decision tree, wang-mendel and fast prototyping) are developed using Guaje open source software. All the seven models are analyzed in terms of accuracy, precision, recall and f1-score. The observed result shows that the fuzzy decision tree-based assessment model performs more accurately as compared with the machine learning based models.

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35

Pathak, S. K., Shambhu Prasad e Tanmay Pathak. "DETERMINATION OF WATER QUALITY INDEX RIVER BHAGIRATHI IN UTTARKASHI, UTTARAKHAND, INDIA". International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, n. 9SE (30 settembre 2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i9se.2015.3170.

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The present paper was intended to calculate water quality index (WQI) of river Bhagirathi. It is one of the tributary of holy river Ganga of India. In order to determine the quality of its water for public use, recreation and other purposes , the eleven parameters like pH, electric conductivity, Total dissolve solids, Total suspended solids, Dissolve oxygen , Biological oxygen demand, Total alkalinity, Total hardness, Chloride, Nitrate and Sulphate were determine. The water quality index calculated from the observed parameters indicate the river Bhagirathi at Uttarakhand during winter was under good water quality condition, while at summer and rainy season of showed poor water quality index. In terms of index number ,offers a useful representation of overall quality of water for public or for any intended use as well as in the pollution mitigate plan and in water quality management.

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36

Khanna, D. R., R. Bhutiani, Gagan Matta, Vikas Singh e Gaurav Bhadauriya. "Physico-chemical property of River Ganga at foot hills of Garhwal Himalayas". Environment Conservation Journal 12, n. 3 (22 dicembre 2011): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2011.120329.

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Abstract (sommario):

To assess the water quality of river Ganga at foot hills of Garhwal Himalaya five sampling station have been selected in a long stretch of 125 Km from Devprayag to Roorkee. The investigation was carried out for a one year (2010-2011). In the present study of river Ganga its physio-chemical characteristicsviz temperature, turbidity, conductivity, total solid, BOD, COD, DO, Alkalinity, Acidity, Hardness, Chloride were done. A minor difference in all the physico-chemical parameters were observed in all the sampling station studied during the course of study.

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Shukla, Anoop Kumar, Chandra Shekhar Prasad Ojha, Ana Mijic, Wouter Buytaert, Shray Pathak, Rahul Dev Garg e Satyavati Shukla. "Population growth, land use and land cover transformations, and water quality nexus in the Upper Ganga River basin". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 22, n. 9 (11 settembre 2018): 4745–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4745-2018.

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Abstract. The Upper Ganga River basin is socioeconomically the most important river basin in India and is highly stressed in terms of water resources due to uncontrolled land use and land cover (LULC) activities. This study presents a comprehensive set of analyses to evaluate the population growth, LULC transformations, and water quality nexus for sustainable development in this river basin. The study was conducted at two spatial scales: basin scale and district scale. First, population data were analyzed statistically to study demographic changes, followed by LULC change detection over the period of February–March 2001 to 2012 (Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) data) using remote sensing and geographical information system (GIS) techniques. Trends and spatiotemporal variations in monthly water quality parameters, viz. biological oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO, measured in percentage), fluoride (F), hardness (CaCO3), pH, total coliform bacteria and turbidity, were studied using the Mann–Kendall rank test and an overall index of pollution (OIP) developed specifically for this region, respectively. A relationship was deciphered between LULC classes and OIP using multivariate techniques, viz. Pearson's correlation and multiple linear regression. From the results, it was observed that population has increased in the river basin. Therefore, significant and characteristic LULC changes were observed. The river became polluted in both rural and urban areas. In rural areas, pollution is due to agricultural practices, mainly fertilizers, whereas in urban areas it is mainly contributed from domestic and industrial wastes. Water quality degradation has occurred in the river basin, and consequently the health status of the river has also changed from acceptable to slightly polluted in urban areas. Multiple linear regression models developed for the Upper Ganga River basin could successfully predict status of the water quality, i.e., OIP, using LULC classes.

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38

Haritash, A. K., Shalini Gaur e Sakshi Garg. "Assessment of water quality and suitability analysis of River Ganga in Rishikesh, India". Applied Water Science 6, n. 4 (12 ottobre 2014): 383–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13201-014-0235-1.

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39

Goswami, Ghritartha, Sameer Mandal, Sudip Basack, Rishika Mukherjee e Moses Karakouzian. "Assessing the Impacts of Land Use and Land Cover Changes on the Water Quality of River Hooghly, West Bengal, India: A Case Study". Hydrology 10, n. 3 (22 marzo 2023): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology10030071.

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Abstract (sommario):

Rivers are crucial components of human civilization, as they provide water for domestic, agricultural, and industrial use. Additionally, they transport domestic and industrial waste to the sea. The Ganga River is a major river in India, originating from Gangotri in the north, flowing through five provinces, and discharging into the Bay of Bengal. This study examined the impact of land use and land cover changes (LULC) on water quality along the River Hooghly in India. The research involved collecting water samples from different locations and analyzing them in the laboratory to estimate various parameters. The findings indicate that the expansion of built-up and agricultural lands is causing a reduction in tree cover and water bodies, leading to deteriorating water quality. The study highlights the need for sustainable land use practices and improved water management to preserve the river’s ecosystem and maintain water quality. Specifically, the study identified localities in the vicinity of Dakshineshwar, Shibpur, and Garden Reach as particularly vulnerable to water quality deterioration due to LULC changes and population growth. The study’s results provide valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders in implementing strategies to address the challenges posed by land use changes and population growth.

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40

Khanna, D. R., Anurag Mohan e Snehlata. "Ganga water quality at Kangri Village, District Haridwar with reference to physico-chemical parameters". Environment Conservation Journal 13, n. 1&2 (18 giugno 2012): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2012.131234.

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Abstract (sommario):

In the present investigation water quality monitoring of river Ganga at Kangri village, District Haridwar was studied with reference to physico-chemical parameters during the period January, 2009 to December, 2009. Parameters studied was Temperature, pH, free CO2, D.O., B.O.D, T.D.S., Acidity, Alkalinity, Hardness, Calcium, Chlorides and Conductivity. Statistical analysis of the analytical data was computed in the table.

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41

Iqbal, Kashifa, e Venkatesh Dutta. "Assessment of spatio-temporal patterns of water quality in a tropical river by multivariate statistical analysis and water quality index methods". Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment 26, n. 11 (25 ottobre 2022): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/2611rjce068075.

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Abstract (sommario):

Rivers are facing seasonal as well as long-term changes in their hydro-ecological regime in response to multiple stressors that have affected water quality as well as flow volumes. Ramganga is an important tributary of the Ganga River that provides freshwater to the people of Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand. In recent years, industrial discharges, agricultural and municipal wastes and wastewater releases have severely polluted the river throughout its stretch. The contamination index (CI) values at Moradabad in the pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons were 0.78, 0.86, 0.76-not contaminated, at Bareilly 1.68, 1.65, 1.22-slightly contaminated, at Dabri 2.32, 2.34, 1.76-slightly contaminated while the pollution index (PI) values at Moradabad were 1.76, 2.23, 1.43-slightly contaminated, at Bareilly 4.29, 4.49, 3.95-severely contaminated and at Dabri 13.06, 12.21, 9.49- severely contaminated. The pollutants responsible for high pollution are NH3+, PO4-3, SO4-2, NO2-+NO3- which primarily come from agricultural run-off as the farmers use phosphate, ammonium and sulphate fertilizers and pesticides. The land use type along the banks of the Ramganga in Bareilly and Dabri is primarily dominated by agricultural lands. Hence, the increased CI and PI values at Bareilly and Dabri clearly indicate high agricultural pollution.

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42

Khanna, D. R., R. Bhutiani, Bharti Tyagi, Prashant Kumar Tyagi e Mukesh Ruhela. "Assessment of water quality of River Ganges during Kumbh mela 2010". Environment Conservation Journal 13, n. 3 (20 dicembre 2012): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2012.130327.

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Abstract (sommario):

In the present study the water quality of Ganga River was assessed during Maha Kumbh-2010. River water samples were collected from five sites. Various Physico-Chemical and microbiological parameters were analysed. It was observed that all parameters were within the permissible limit according to WHO (2009) and BIS (2004) except most probable number that is the indication of low sanitary condition and it can further lead to the outbreak of diseases. During this mass bathing two sites were found to be more affected than the other three sites. These were noted to Har-ki-pauri and Mayapur ghat at Haridwar, at these sites parameters are observed to be slightly raised in comparison to other three sites.

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Mondal, Purav, Piyali Adhikary, Soumok Sadhu, Deokrishna Kumar Choudhary, Durganand Thakur, Mohammad Shadab, Disha Mukherjee et al. "Assessment of the impact of the different point sources of pollutants on the river water quality and the evaluation of bioaccumulation of heavy metals into the fish ecosystem thereof". International Journal of Experimental Research and Review 27 (30 aprile 2022): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.52756/ijerr.2022.v27.003.

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Abstract (sommario):

The present study focuses on the evaluation of the river (Ganga) water quality by estimating various quality indicators (also termed the physicochemical parameters) such as pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity (EC), chlorides, sulfates, phosphates, hardness, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5). Rise in the concentration of the pollution signifies an upsurge in a load of pollution due to the different sources namely, sewage arising from domestic sources, effluents arising from industrial discharge, and effluents arising due to various anthropogenic activities. For the purpose of the comparative evaluation of the river water quality, the water samples were collected from the three different banks of the Ganga River for a well-organized interpretation.Obtained results indicate thatthe discharge of the various effluents has a grave impact on the water quality of the river. Industrial effluents mixing with the river water were noted to have the most deleterious impact on the deterioration of the water quality parameter. The extended aim of the study was to collect the fish samples from the three above-mentioned sampling points and thereby detect the presence of the heavy metal concentration (determined through atomic absorption spectroscopy or AAS). Obtained results also indicates that the fish specimen collected from the sampling point where the industrial effluents are mixing have the highest levels of heavy metals in the tissues of the selected fish sample. Accordingly, the study indicated a novel approach toward the characterization of the river water and thereby indicating the impact of bioaccumulation of heavy metals into the fishtissues which indicates the novelty of this work. The authors strongly believe that this work will be beneficial to various stakeholders and will be definitely helpful to various competent national and international authorities for decision-making and strategies formulation.

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Singh, Y. V., Prem Kumar Bharteey, Kajal Singh, Sanjib Ranjan Borah, Ashok Kumar, Sudhir Pal e Francis Xavier Barla. "Assessment of Water Quality in Ganga River Ghats of Varanasi District, Uttar Pradesh, India". International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, n. 5 (29 marzo 2023): 231–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i51764.

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Abstract (sommario):

Water is the most vital biosphere component since it sustains all life, circulates and cycles nutrients. Water is also necessary for power generation, navigation, agricultural irrigation and sewage disposal. The increasing water demand is a result of the rising population and industrialization and has severely compromised water quality. Water quality assessment is the most important process for evaluating the chemical characteristics of water bodies. To assess whether the water is suitable for a variety of uses after locating any pollutants, contaminants, or other potentially hazardous compounds that may be present in the water. A systematic study was conducted to assess the water quality in the Ganga river in the Ghats of Varanasi district of Uttar Pradesh, India, from January to March 2019. The assessment involves water samples from different Ghats along the river, namely Babua Pandey Ghat (G1), Digpatia Ghat (G2), Chausatti Ghat (G3), Ranamahal Ghat (G4), and Darbhanga Ghat (G5). The analytical data from various physico-chemical parameters indicates that the pH values were found to be near neutral, electrical conductivity (EC) did not differ significantly, Ca+Mg varied from 22.80 to 28.40 mg/L, Cl- was found to be 2.40 to 3.20 mg/L, Na+ varied from 1.0 to 1.10 mg/L, K+ and SO42- showed a similar trend, TS was varied from 400 to 1200 mg/L, DO varied from 5.80 to 7.30 mg/L, COD varied from 16.0 to 22.40 mg/L, NO3- varied from 25.27 to 29.60 mg/L, B varied from 4.90 to 5.80 mg/L, SAR is 0.27 to 0.33 mg/L, The Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS) has been considered to assess the suitability for drinking and other purposes and It concluded that some of the parameters were almost constant for all the five Ghats samples, like Na+ and K+ content, while other parameters varied. Out of thirteen parameters, only three (NO3-, B, and Cl-) showed an increasing trend.

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Vishnoi, Unnati, Jagjeet Kaur e S. K. Pathak. "Water quality of River Ganga in respect of physico-chemical characteristics at Shyampur, District Haridwar". Environment Conservation Journal 8, n. 3 (24 dicembre 2007): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2007.080307.

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Abstract (sommario):

The water qu ali ty statu s of River Gan ga at Sh yampur was stu di ed with re spec t to physi co–c he mi cal characteristics. Parameters studied were pH, total solids, total dissolved solid, T.S.S., conductivity, alkalinity, hardness, D.O., B.O.D. and C.O.D. The nature of water quality of Ganga with respect to pH is alkaline.

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Singh, Atul K., Sharad C. Srivastava e Pushpendra Verma. "MaxEnt distribution modeling for predicting Oreochromis niloticus invasion into the Ganga river system, India and conservation concern of native fish biodiversity". Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 24, n. 2 (1 aprile 2021): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/aehm.024.02.08.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract In order to assess the distribution pattern and understand the prevailing factors for predicting further expansion of an exotic fish Oreochromis niloticus, this study was undertaken in the Ganga river flowing through the state of Uttar Pradesh using MaxEnt model. The authors report the distribution pattern of O. niloticus and prevailing causative factors mounting the expansion of O. niloticus in the Ganges based on MaxEnt modeling technique. The presence only occurrence data-set for this invasive species was prepared from the field data and also from data collated from the authenticated publications of different fisheries researchers. The data-set was analyzed with environmental and topographical variables typically incorporating seasonal and temporal variability using MaxEnt, a maximum entropy algorithm which showed that the area under curve was much closer to 1 ( 0.999). The model predicted elevation as the most influential predictor variable with permutation importance of 69.2% followed by slope_steepness (10.1%), Tmax_1 (7.3%) and Srad_5 (6.8%). The findings from the results suggest that invasive O. niloticus tend to spread in rivers where elevation is lower as well as slope_steepness of the river is higher and thus indicated that invasion might be higher in the downstream of the river. The model suggests that topography and its derived variable are the most significant predictors for distribution of invasive O. niloticus. The results of this study also confirm that the water qualities of the Ganga river are suitable for O. niloticus and if the model is supplemented with water quality variables data, the influential predictor variable in water quality can be well investigated with permutation importance.

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Kannaujiya, Azad. "Physicochemical Parameters of Gomati River at Lucknow in Uttar Pradesh (India)". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, n. VII (15 luglio 2021): 875–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36461.

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Abstract (sommario):

Gomati River originate from Madhoganj Tanda village in Pilibhit district, U.P. it passes through the district of Shahjahanpur, kheri, Hardoi, Sitapur, Janpur and ultimately merge in Ganga. River water is significant for every living organism as well as aquatic life. Water pollution is a major global problem. Modernization and urbanization have polluted the river water and degraded the status. All over the world we are seeing that drain is the main source of water pollution especially for rivers flowing within the city. This drain generally carries industrial effluent, domestic waste, sewage and medicinal waste resulting in poor water quality. Gomati River receives industrial as well as domestic waste from various drains of Lucknow city. As Gomati river is the only source of surface water near the communities. A total 20 parameters namely Temperature, pH, Turbidity, Conductivity, Total dissolved solids (TDS), Total suspended solids (TSS), Total solids (TS), Dissolved oxygen (DO), Biological oxygen demand (BOD) Chemical oxygen demand (COD), Alkalinity, Total hardness, Calcium as ca, Magnesium as Mg, Chloride, Fluoride, Sulphate as So4, Nickel as Ni, Lead as Pb, and Zinc as Zn where analysed and their variation is discussed to obtain the impact of effluents on water quality. From the result it was found higher than the permissible limit of WHO and BIS.

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48

Dutta, Venkatesh, Divya Dubey e Saroj Kumar. "Cleaning the River Ganga: Impact of lockdown on water quality and future implications on river rejuvenation strategies". Science of The Total Environment 743 (novembre 2020): 140756. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140756.

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49

Verma, Mohit, Vijay A. Loganathan e Vinod K. Bhatt. "Development of entropy and deviation-based water quality index: Case of river Ganga, India". Ecological Indicators 143 (ottobre 2022): 109319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.109319.

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Kumar, Pradip, Rajendra Kumar Kaushal e Anjani K. Nigam. "Assessment and Management of Ganga River Water Quality Using Multivariate Statistical Techniques in India". Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution 12, n. 4 (19 gennaio 2016): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ajw-150018.

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