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Tesi sul tema "Roots (Botany) Diseases and pests"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 6 febbraio 2022

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1

Babur, John Leland. "Shoot Structure of Boschniakia hookeri Walpers (Orobanchaceae)." PDXScholar, 1995. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4931.

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Boschniakia hookeri Walpers has been found to parasitize the roots of Gaultheria shallon Pursh, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (l.) Spreng, and Vaccinium ovatum Pursh, all members of the Ericaceae. This is the first documented report of the parasitism of Vaccinium ovatum. The subterranean shoot of B. hookeri originates endogenously from the perennial tubercle of the parasite. The shoot has an eustele, composed of collateral vascular bundles, arranged in four composite fronts and separated by four wide 'leaf gaps.' Pits on metaHylem vessels range from nearly circular to laterally elongated. Rll vessel

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2

Bizabani, Christine. "The diversity of root fungi associated with Erica species occurring in the Albany Centre of Endemism." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018575.

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South Africa has the highest species diversity of ericaceous plants belonging to the Erica genus. There are over 850 identified species in the Cape Floral Region. The Albany Centre of Endemism (ACOE) is located within this region and is a hotspot of diversity consisting of various plant genera. The success of Erica plants is ubiquitously attributed to mycorrhizal relationships they engage in with a diverse group of fungi. This symbiosis is known as the ericoid mycorrhizal (ERM) association. The overall aim of this study was to establish the diversity of root fungi associated with Erica plants

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3

Kasiamdari, Rina Sri. "Interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and other root-infecting fungi." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phk1887.pdf.

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4

Timm, Alicia (Alicia Eva). "Genetic diversity of root-infesting woolly apple aphid Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) populations in the Western Cape." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53436.

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Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Characterizing the genetic structure of a pest population can provide an understanding of the factors influencing its evolution and assist in its ultimate control. The aim of the present study was to characterize the genetic structure of woolly apple aphid Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann) populations in the Western Cape Province in South Africa. Since this economically important apple pest has not previously been characterized at molecular level, it was necessary to evaluate methods for determining the genetic structur

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5

Balasubramaniam, Rengasamy. "The effects of foliar diseases and irrigation on root development, yield and yield components of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)." Lincoln College, University of Canterbury, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1514.

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Studies were conducted on three field trials of wheat cv. Kopara to investigate the lack of compensation by later determined components of yield because of early disease constraints. The investigation was based on the hypothesis that early disease reduces root development and thus causes the plants to be water constrained at later growth stages when soil water deficits usually occur. The reduced root development and soil water deficits may reduce the ability of the plant to compensate for reductions in early determined components. The hypothesis was tested by the application of irrigation to a

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6

Tomimatsu, Gail Susan. "Quantitative Investigations of Infection and Colonization of Peanut Roots by Cylindrocladium crotalariae." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76172.

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Cylindrocladium black rot (CBR) is a destructive root disease of peanut caused by Cylindrocladium crotalariae. New and quantitative approaches were developed to estimate the inoculum potential for this soil-borne pathogen under soil-temperature tank conditions favorable for CBR development. Using cultural plating methods, numerous Q. crotalariae infections (1 to > 1,000 per plant) were observed on asymptomatic root systems of peanut plants, susceptible and resistant to CBR, grown in naturally infested soils at 25 C. Regression-line slope values of log10-log10 plots for microsclerotial inoculum

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7

Van, Coller Gerhardus J. (Gerhardus Johannes). "An investigation of soilborne fungi associated with roots and crowns of nursery grapevines." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49844.

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Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Soilborne diseases of grapevines represent a complex problem with limited information available, both locally and internationally. Previous research in South Africa indicated that Phytophthora and Pythium spp. were the most widespread and devastating pathogens in grapevine nurseries and vineyards in the Western Cape province. The local grapevine industry is currently expanding; new cultivars, methods and agricultural chemicals are being used which can affect soilborne pathogens. It has therefore become necessary to

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8

Aylward, Janneke. "Diversity and dispersal of the ophiostomatoid fungus, Knoxdaviesia proteae, within Protea repens infructescences." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86324.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Two genera of ophiostomatoid fungi occur in the seed-bearing structures of serotinous Protea species in the Cape Floristic Region. These fungi are dispersed by arthropods, including mites and beetles that visit the Protea host plants. Although the vectors of Proteaassociated ophiostomatoid fungi are known, their dispersal patterns remain unknown – especially the manner in which recently burnt fynbos vegetation is recolonized. Additionally, their reproduction strategy has not previously been investigated. The focus of this s

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9

DeYoung, Robyn Merrilee. "Gall formation by Erwinia species on Douglas-fir." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28980.

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Bacterial galls on Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menzeisii [Mirb.] Franco), collected from the southern tip of Vancouver Island, the Greater Vancouver area and the Hope region of British Columbia, were generally globose in shape with rough, irregular surfaces and measured between 0.5 and 2.0 cm in diameter. The galls were generally located on the tips of branches or twigs of 10- to 20-year old Douglas-fir trees. The bacterial gall disease appeared to affect few Douglas-fir trees in the collection areas and bacterial galls were not found on any other coniferous species. Furthermore, there have been

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10

Han, Liwen 1964. "Assessment of common scab effects on the development of potato root systems using computed tomography scanning data." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101849.

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The root system is a vital and dynamic part of a plant throughout its lifetime. Its spatial distribution is the consequence of multiple interactions with the surrounding soil medium. In particular, the presence of pathogens in soil may influence the development of the plant, especially the below-ground part, in both its physiology and its structure. Studies of diseased plant roots may take different approaches and investigate disease effects at different levels. In this study, two groups of four potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants were grown in middle-sized plastic pots in a greenhouse, and t

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11

Dyer, Sonya. "The role of colonisation of soil and wheat roots by Trichoderma koningii in biological control of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phd9966.pdf.

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12

Mustafa, Bakray Nur Aqilah Binti. "Structure of root associated and soil fungal and bacterial communities in Southeast Asia tropical forest." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2018. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=239153.

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The tropical rainforest has interested ecologists for hundreds of years because of its vast species diversity. The distribution and establishment of trees is related to soil properties and rootassociated microorganisms. The coexistence of hyper-diverse plant communities in tropical rainforests has resulted in associations being formed with belowground communities, mycorrhizas (particularly arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM), ectomycorrhizas (ECM)) and root associated bacterial communities. The rapid deforestation in Southeast Asia is causing the loss of the dominant and important tree species belongi

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13

Musvuugwa, Tendai. "Biodiversity and ecology of ophiostomatoid fungi associated with trees in the Cape floristic region of South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86421.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Very little is known about the diversity of fungi associated with Afromontane forests of the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) of South Africa. The ophiostomatoid fungi include many species, some known as pathogens in the CFR, while others are well-known saprophytes important in wood degradation. This study focused on the biodiversity and ecology of tree-associated ophiostomatoid fungi (Ophiostomatales) in the CFR. In addition to this, mites and subcortical beetles associated with the CFR trees were collected, regardless of whether th

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14

Dunfield, Peter F. "Effects of a sugar-factory byproduct compost on root growth and mycorrhizal infection of sugarcane in Barbados." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60017.

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A compost consisting 95% of the sugar mill byproducts: bagasse, filter press mud, and fly ash, applied at 5 t ha$ sp{-1}$, increased vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal infection of sugarcane roots in one of three experimental fields in Barbados. In a plant cane field, compost stimulated formation of intracellular hyphal coils and arbuscules, but not vesicles or hyphae. Infection was greater in roots 35 cm and 65 cm than 5 cm distant from the plant stem, and compost effects were not significant at 5 cm. Two other sources of phosphorus, filter press mud and triple superphosphate, did not affect an

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15

Machingambi, Netsai. "An investigation into the death of native Virgilia trees in the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79902.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Cape Floristic Region (CFR) of South Africa is well-recognised for exceptionally high plant species diversity and endemism. However, little attention has been bestowed on the pests and pathogens in this region, even though these may greatly influence plant distribution and evolution. In this study we identify various arthropods and fungi as pests and diseasecausing organisms of the ecologically and economically important CFR-endemic tree taxa of Virgilia. We isolated, identified and determined the pathogenicity of key f

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16

Van, Jaarsveld Alwyn Jacobus. "Plant parasitic organisms in the rizosphere of apple trees in the Western Cape, with special reference to woolly apple aphid." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53551.

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Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Various aspects of the biology and ecology of woolly apple aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum, were investigated, including initial galling damage caused by E. lanigerum to the roots of apple trees, the possible relationship between E. lanigerum and Xiphinema and Pratylenchus nematodes and the effectiveness of Biostart 2000® and Furfural® as possible control agents of E. lanigerum in the orchard. Preliminary root damage by first instar E. lanigerum feeding was characterized by the mechanical injury of endodermis and parenc

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17

Curran, Helen R. (Helen Rae). "Thecaphora anther-smut fungi : ecology and implications for CFR Oxalis species." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20293.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Only a limited number of systems involving anther-smut fungi have been studied, usually due to the economic significance of their crop plant hosts. A smut fungus of the genus Thecaphora has been discovered infecting Oxalis hosts in South Africa. This pathogenic fungus, Thecaphora capensis, produces dark-coloured spores in the anthers of host flowers, rendering it an anther-smut fungus. The host genus is the seventh largest plant genus in the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) and the largest geophytic genus of this region. Nine Oxalis

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18

French, Robert John. "Leaf senescence and water stress in wheat seedlings /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1985. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phf875.pdf.

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19

Dore, Dalin Shelley. "Grapevine rhizosphere bacteria : influence of diversity and function on two root diseases : a thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at Lincoln University /." Diss., Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1305.

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The overall goal of this research was to determine what, if any, role grapevine rhizosphere bacteria play in the differing susceptibilities of New Zealand grown rootstocks to Cylindrocarpon black foot disease. The size and diversity of bacterial populations associated with the rhizospheres of grapevine rootstocks: 101-14, 5C, Schwarzmann and Riparia Gloire were evaluated. Dilution plating showed that total bacterial (P=0.012, P=0.005 for NA and KB, respectively) and fluorescent Pseudomonad (P=0.035) rhizosphere counts differed between rhizosphere and bulk soils but did not correlate with the d

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20

Roets, Francois. "Ecology and systematics of South African Protea-associated Ophiostoma species." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1469.

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21

Lopes, Ueder Pedro. "Doenças do Morangueiro: Etiologia, epidemiologia e sensibilidade a fungicidas." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2014. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1068.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T12:42:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1309198 bytes, checksum: d65db94e2ef0c47a8b4a59379f09b014 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-31<br>Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais<br>The culture of strawberry , Fragaria x ananassa Duch, has faced several problems, among which we highlight those caused by pathogens. In addition to widely known diseases such as gray mold, new diseases have caused serious damage to the crop. In order to study the various problems of strawberry culture, this study aimed to: i) identify the c

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22

Viljanen-Rollinson, S. L. H. "Expression and detection of quantitative resistance to Erysiphe pisi DC. in pea (Pisum sativum L.)." Lincoln University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1657.

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Characteristics of quantitative resistance in pea (Pisum sativum L.) to Erysiphe pisi DC, the pathogen causing powdery mildew, were investigated. Cultivars and seedlines of pea expressing quantitative resistance to E. pisi were identified and evaluated, by measuring the amounts of pathogen present on plant surfaces in field and glasshouse experiments. Disease severity on cv. Quantum was intermediate when compared with that on cv. Bolero (susceptible) and cv. Resal (resistant) in a field experiment. In glasshouse experiments, two groups of cultivars, one with a high degree of resistance and the

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23

Gouveia, Estevam Manuel Rodriques. "Effects of arbuscular mycorrhiza on plant growth of four ornamental annuals (Dianthus chinensis x barbatus, Impatiens wallerana, Petunia x hybrida and Viola x wittrockiana) commonly grown in South Africa." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/22032.

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Commercial AM fungi isolates, Rhizophagus clarus, Gigaspora gigantea, Funneliformis mosseae, Claroideoglomus etunicatum and Paraglomus occulum were tested on four seasonal ornamentals, Dianthus chinensis x barbatus, Impatiens wallerana, Petunia x hybrid and Viola x wittrockiana planted in peat-base medium. The experiment was conducted in a glasshouse with three replicates in a completely randomised design. Various vegetative (height, width, length, number of leaves, leaf area and dry biomass) and reproductive (number of flowers and buds) plant parts were measured in the course of three months.

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24

(5929676), Elizabeth A. French. "PLANT HORMONE PATHWAYS PLAY A CRUCIAL ROLE IN SOLANUM SPP. INTERACTIONS WITH THE SOIL ENVIRONMENT." Thesis, 2019.

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Plants regulate responses to their environment through complex hormone signaling; these hormones can be categorized broadly into two categories: growth and defense, though many have roles in both. Much remains to be understood about the complexity of hormone signaling in relation to environmental responses, especially species- and genotype-specific differences. Unraveling this complexity of hormone signaling will lead to the development of resilient crops that are able to respond appropriately to their environment. In this dissertation, I hypothesize novel roles for growth and defense hormones

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25

Paidi, Maya Devi. "Proteome in papaya roots in response to Phytophthora palmivora." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20741.

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26

Quinn, Geoffrey. "Towards an operational root disease mapping methodology through lidar integrated imaging spectroscopy." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/3605.

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Root disease is a serious concern for the softwood timber industry. This thesis reports on the development of a root disease detection procedure that applies lidar data integrated with imaging spectrometer data. Photosynthetic pigments are frequently cited as one of the most responsive indicators of vegetation stress. This study estimated pigment content from needle and canopy reflectance and characterized the sensitivity of these pigments to a fungal-mediated stress. Samples were collected from the Greater Victoria Watershed District on Vancouver Island, BC, Canada. Lab reflectance meas

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27

Murray, Shane Louise. "Transformation of potatoes with the potato leafroll virus coat protein gene." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10348.

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Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) is one of the most destructive potato viruses in South Africa. In order to establish resistance against PLRV in commercial potato cultivars, the coat protein (CP) gene of the virus was previously isolated, cloned and subcloned into the plant expression vector pBI121 in both the sense and antisense orientations (BURGER, unpublished results). The pBI121 constructs containing the PLRV-CP gene were subsequently transferred to Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA 4404 in a triparental mating process with the helper plasmid pRK2013. Two A. tumefaciens- mediated transformation m

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28

Papenfus, Heino Benoni. "Polyamines in Ecklonia maxima and their effects on plant growth." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8526.

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Kelpak®, a seaweed concentrate (SWC) prepared from the brown seaweed Ecklonia maxima (Osbeck) Papenfuss, improves overall plant mass and fruit yield in a variety of crops. The main active principals isolated from Kelpak® are cytokinins and auxins. Although these compounds are partly responsible for the growth promoting effect observed with Kelpak® application, they do not fully account for the complete effect of Kelpak® treatment. For this reason the focus has turned to polyamines (PAs) which are found in all cells of plants, animals and microorganisms, including eukaryotic algae. Polyamines a

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29

Mienie, Charlotte Maria Susanna. "Towards marker assisted selection for nematode resistance in soybean." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10262.

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Meloidogyne javanica is the most widely spread nematode pest on soybean in South Africa. Only a few registered cultivars have some resistance to this nematode and there is an urgent need for an efficient breeding programme for resistant cultivars of all maturity groups. However, breeding is hampered by laborious screening procedures for selection of resistant lines. The objective of this study was to develop an economically viable molecular marker system for application in selection procedures. Three techniques of marker identification were investigated, i.e. RAPD, RFLP and AFLP analysis. The

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30

Abrie, Amelia Letitia. "Regeneration and biotransformation of some members of the Cucurbitaceae." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10303.

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Five cultivars, all belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae, have been tested for the ability to regenerate shoots or somatic embryos from cotyledonary explants. The influence of several combinations of growth regulators on regeneration from cotyledonary and other explants was tested. No regeneration was obtained from the two cultivars Cucurbita maxima Duch. cv A-Line and Cucurbitapepo L. cv Rolet. Somatic embryos developed on Cucurbita maxima Duch. cv Chicago Waited, a Hubbard squash. A shoot regeneration response was observed for the cultivar Cucumis sativus L. cv Ashley, but the frequency was

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31

Head, Elise. "Ecology of the Fergusonina fly and Fergusobia nematode gall association in South Australia." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/48390.

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Attempts were made to grow Fergusobia nematodes in a dual aseptic culture with Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Callus tissue was grown from E. camaldulensis stem pieces in aseptic conditions. Calli were prone to deterioration after 14 days unless transferred to fresh growth medium. Lower levels of solutes (25% Murashige and Skoog salts, 25% plant vitamins and 0.5% sucrose) were more successful than published concentrations. Fergusobia J2 nematodes were surface sterilised with either Hibitane or washed with water to prepare them for inoculation of callus (Hay, 1994). Fergusobia subsequently recovered

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32

Smith, Julia P. "Differential growth of roots and shoots of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings infested with Cinara pseudotsugae, and population dynamics of a parasitoid wasp (Pauesia sp.) of C. pseudotsugae." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/33920.

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Aphids are a widespread family of plant pests, whose abilities to suppress shoot and root growth are well documented for many terrestrial plants. Only a few studies have been conducted on conifer aphids of the genus Cinara. Cinara pseudotsugae are known to attack Douglas-fir seedlings, an important crop in the Pacific Northwest. Douglas-fir are most susceptible to aphid damage as seedlings, especially in nurseries where conditions favor aphid outbreaks. A parasitoid wasp (Pauesia sp.) attacks C. pseudotsugae, and may be useful as a biological control agent. Studies of its natural history and h

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33

Taylor, Christine Helen. "Studies of camellia flower blight (Ciborinia camelliae Kohn) : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Plant Science (Plant Pathology) at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1722.

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Content removed due to copyright restrictions: Taylor, C. H., & Long, P. G. (2000). Review of literature on camellia flower blight caused by ciborinia camelliae. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 28(2), 123-138.<br>Camellias are popular ornamental plants and the most serious pathogen of this plant is camellia flower blight, caused by the fungal pathogen Ciborinia camelliae Kohn. Ascospores of this fungus attack the flowers, turning them brown, rendering infected flowers unattractive. Little is known about the pathogen and control measures are not particularly effective. In

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(6623615), Jesse A. Haarmann. "The Effect of Herbicide Respray Treatments and Timings on Regrowth of Four Weed Species." Thesis, 2019.

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<p>Control of weeds that have survived a postemergence (POST) herbicide often need to be controlled in order to prevent seed production and interference with crops. The most efficacious herbicides and timings used for respray applications has not been determined in many problematic weed species. Previous research has demonstrated that weeds clipped to simulate a failed herbicide application responded differently to herbicide applications to regrowth based on herbicide used and weed species. Other research is conflicting as to the optimum timing of an herbicide respray application with various

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Hagerty, Christina H. "Mapping QTL for root rot resistance, root traits, and morphological trait in a common bean recombinant inbred population." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/38263.

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Root rot diseases of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are a problem wherever they are grown, and are a major constraint to dry edible and snap bean production. Root rot is a primary yield limitation of snap bean production in the US, especially within the top three snap bean producing states of Wisconsin, Oregon and New York. Bean root rot pathogens will be present by the end of the first season even when starting with clean ground. The decline in yield can be relatively slow, so growers might not notice or appreciate the hidden yield cost associated with root rot disease. Traditional methods for

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