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Makarova, Anna A., e Yulia B. Popova. "Zoomorphic Pattern in Collective Nicknames among the Residents of the Russian North". Вопросы Ономастики 17, n. 1 (2020): 30–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2020.17.1.002.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The paper studies collective nicknames of the residents of the Russian North (Arkhangelsk and Vologda regions) to describe a productive zoomorphic naming pattern. The research is based on findings of the Toponymic Expedition of the Ural Federal University which includes materials from field trips to the Russian North (1960–2019) as well as data published in dictionaries and monographs. The paper identifies lexical composition of the pattern, describes the geography of collective nicknames, and provides analysis of the material in terms of motivation, onomasiology, and language contacts. In some cases, collective nicknames are considered against the background of other types of nickname anthroponymy: family and individual nicknames. The analyzed body of nicknames includes both units formed from all-Russian vocabulary such as vorony, ershi, zaitsy, kuliki, etc., and less common names based on dialectal names of animals, birds, fish and insects (revyaki, svizi, sivkuny, pepyaki). The choice of animal species used in nicknames (in decreasing order: birds, fish, wild animals, pets, insects, amphibians) as well as substantial quantitative differences between Arkhangelsk and Vologda region (more than 200 units vs 88) are attributable to landscape features (forest and water) and occupations of the population (hunting, fishing). Characterological motivations, widely used in individual nickname anthroponymy, are relatively rare among zoomorphic collective nicknames. The prevalence of some thematic and motivational categories (especially “birds”) in the nicknames is probably due to the influence of substrate Finno-Ugric languages.
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Plotnikova, Anna A. "Old Believers’ Personal Names in a Foreign Language Environment. Review of the book: Ziółkowska-Mówka, M. (2018). System antroponimiczny staroobrzędowców mieszkających w Polsce [Anthroponymic System of Old Believers Living in Poland]. Toruń: Eikon. 469 s." Вопросы Ономастики 17, n. 1 (2020): 253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2020.17.1.015.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article provides an overview of the book Anthroponymic System of Old Believers Living in Poland by the Polish researcher M. Ziółkowska-Mówka. This 5-chapter book includes an outline of the history of the Old Believer’ movement and its general features (Chapter 1), a description of the language situation of Old Believers living in Poland (Chapter 2), an analysis of their personal names (Chapter 3), a study of Old Believers’ surnames, Russian and Polish (Chapter 4), present-day unofficial anthroponyms, including historical and modern nicknames (chapter 5). An extensive appendix contains a list of Old Believers’ names (male and female), a list of “additional definitions” used in the 19th century, modern surnames and a list of modern nicknames. The review notes the importance of the collected corpus of Russian names and surnames in Poland and gives high account of the comprehensive analysis of the material (principles of selection of Old Believers’ personal names from documents and oral narratives; phonetic and morphological analysis of names, surnames and nicknames; motivation for nicknames pointing at different characteristics of people and their speech and referring to other anthroponyms). Synchronic and diachronic analysis of Old Believers’ names and surnames reveals a picture of historical and modern language processes against the sociolinguistic background of Old Believers’ interaction with non-Slavic and non-Old Belief communities. Of particular value to the study is the analysis of Polish and German names (which are also involved in Old Believers’ naming in various aspects), as it emphasizes the cross-linguistic and cross-cultural nature of the entire peer-reviewed work.
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Klimova, Margarita A. "Nicknames in Video Gaming: Functional Use and Variation". Вопросы ономастики 17, n. 3 (2020): 293–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2020.17.3.045.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article discusses the use of nicknames in online games (specifically, the Dota 2 game) which constitutes a completely new field of onomastic research. The paper starts by reviewing the main onomastic issues related to nicknames: correlation with similar and synonymous terms, questions of their status amongst other categories of anthroponyms, approaches to classifying, including the functional typology. It is exactly the study of the functional use of nicknames and their variability that the paper is devoted to. The game is rather popular and has a large community of players divided into the amateur and the professional clusters, although this opposition is rather diffuse. The functional specificity of nicknames in Dota 2 manifests itself in a number of in-game communication features and a range of pragmatic indicators. The revealed features help to distinguish the nicknames from pseudonyms and player names, and also provide the grounds for their separate consideration in professional and amateur eSports. The diversity of virtual nicknames was studied based on self-appellations of professional Russian-speaking players. Their range can be represented as a field structure where the main (the most recognizable) nickname constitutes the core, and the periphery is formed by its modifications at different levels. An online survey of amateur players was conducted to explore individual motivation behind the nickname choice. In the case of pragmatic purposeful naming, the functions are found to be diverse. It is concluded that nicknames as a category of anthroponyms are subject to internal functional differentiation.
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Alpatov, Vladislav V. "Medieval English Nicknames and Surnames with Christian Associations". Вопросы ономастики 17, n. 3 (2020): 23–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2020.17.3.033.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article surveys Medieval English nicknames and the derivative modern surnames carrying Christian associations through their motivation. Most commonly, these nicknames would originally refer to a clerical order or office (e.g. Clark < clerk) and then subsequently take the form of a patronymic (e.g. Vickerson < vicar). Some of these are properly occupational, designating the office itself (e.g. Prest) or the relation to people in holy or monastic orders: a familial (the name could be inherited by legitimate or, after the 12th c., illegitimate, children) or working one (e.g. Monkman). Alternatively, such nicknames are metaphoric denoting people that resembled priests, monks, etc. (e.g. Cardinal). A number of nicknames refer to diverse minor church offices like sexton and chanter, as well as religiously and socially marked people like palmer. There is also the type of metonymic nicknames that describe the conduct of the bearer in religious and moral terms, e.g. as pious or prayerful (e.g. Holyman). Less widespread but more varied are “event-nicknames” under which heading the author subsumes what is traditionally called pageant names, from the alleged roles in Medieval drama (e.g. Herod), and names deriving from church festivals (e.g. Christmas). Religious associations also appear in names derived from oaths and favourite phrases of the named persons (e.g. Godspeed). The array therefore puts on display a wide range of Medieval social roles and attitudes, and allows to speculate on their respective prominence. Parallels are drawn with Old Russian names and nicknames, and several alternative explanations or specifications for English nicknames are suggested. The article continues the series of publications devoted to the influence of Christianity on the English and, wider, Medieval European namegiving.
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Varnikova, Evgenia N. "Semantic and Word-Formation Features of Horse Names in the History of the Russian Language (Based on the Inventory Books of Vologda Monasteries in the 16th — Early 18th Centuries)". Вопросы Ономастики 17, n. 1 (2020): 47–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2020.17.1.003.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The paper considers a historical aspect of zoonymic studies which has not been sufficiently developed. The history of Russian horse names (hipponyms) is explored using zoonymic data from the inventories of the Vologda monasteries in the 16th — early 18th centuries, the materials from Listings of horses (Moscow, 1665), and archival documents of the Soviet farms of Sevmaslotrest from 1930s. The author identifies the lexical structure of Early Modern Russian hipponymy, delves into the meaning of names and appellatives they derive from, analyses the structure of horses’ names, and describes the name formation techniques. The studied sources bring the picture of the general development of lexical patterns in the Russian hipponymy. As it turns out, the vocabulary of Early Modern Russian hyponymy is almost identical with the Old Russian anthroponomy, which attests to their genetic unity. At the same time, the use of Christian names is noted, with these becoming more popular in the given period. The article also deals with structural types of Early Modern Russian hipponyms: zoonyms having a substantive form (nicknames formed from onomastic, agential, zoological, and object nouns; zoonymic compounds; suffixal compounds); adjective-based zoonyms; mixed names. In monastic scripts of the 16th — early 18th centuries, the vast majority of units used as hipponyms are “prefabricated” traditional names, the cases of creating original animal names are rare. In the latter case, zoonyms are usually formed using suffixal patterns peculiar for agentive and anthroponomic vocabulary. The word-building patterns include the onymisation of appellatives (sometimes by metaphoric transfer), substantivisation (nominalization) of adjectives, transonymisation of personal and place names. Due to the semantic, structural, and word-formation proximities between Early Modern Russian zoonymy and Old Russian anthroponomy, zoonymic vocabulary of the 16th–18th centuries provides a reliable source on Old Russian onomasticon, as well as explains the “anthroponymic” nature of modern Russian zoonymy and the active use of personal names for animals at present. This practice turns out to have deep historical roots.
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Tkacheva, A. N. "French Film Titles with Anthroponyms: Translation Issues". Bulletin of Kemerovo State University 22, n. 1 (31 marzo 2020): 258–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2020-22-1-258-267.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The research objective was to analyze, classify, and describe the ways of translation of French film titles that contain anthroponyms. Proper names (surnames, nicknames, or pseudonyms) are used to add additional characteristics to the personage or to express some cultural information. The principles of translation of French anthroponyms into Russian include etymological transposition, practical transcription, morphographic method, and transliteration. The anthroponyms do not correspond semantically in different languages. Therefore, they cannot be considered identical equivalents. When translated from French into Russian, anthroponym-containing film titles often lose their stylistic and artistic value, associations, or puns. As a rule, such titles are transformed using reduction, substitution, or addition of some language elements. The transformation serves to correct a seemingly unattractive title, to link the title to the topic and genre, or to achieve commercial success. Titles with pseudonyms and nicknames of French celebrities always undergo some kind of transformation. Sometimes, translators change the title completely or borrow some elements from commercially successful films to attract the attention of the potential audience. The research results can be applied to train specialists of cinema and media industry and teach them French, as well as to develop universal rules of cinema translation.
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Mаimakova, А., B. Zhumagulova e Т. Toktarova. "INTERNET COMMUNICATION AS A SOURCE OF NICKNAMES". BULLETIN Series of Philological Sciences 74, n. 4 (9 dicembre 2020): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2020-4.1728-7804.25.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article considers the modern type of anthroponyms, which is actively used in the youth environment. In modern communication on the Internet, there are lexemes with the function of naming a person-nicknames used as nicknames. This work is devoted to the study of these language units. The names of chats of Russian-speaking Internet communication users served as the material for our research. The linguistic creativity of modern Internet users when creating nicknames expands the scope of well-known classifications, as a result of which the criteria for their selection are supplemented. The basis for the classification of nicknames in this work are: features of appearance and character; preferences, Hobbies, occupation; symbolism associated with a particular animal, etc.; mythologems; graphics; wordplay; situational. These criteria cannot limit the classification, which remains open and is constantly updated. The allocation data and the new criteria due to linguistic and creative activities of users in the field of Internet communication.
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Osipova, Ksenija. "“FROM THE FOREST PASHA”: ON THE ETHNOLINGUISTIC INTERPRETATION OF THE NORTH RUSSIAN NAMES OF MUSHROOM AND BERRY DISHES". Antropologicheskij forum 17, n. 49 (giugno 2021): 30–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31250/1815-8870-2021-17-49-30-59.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article discusses the dialect vocabulary associated with the traditions of food-gathering in the Russian North: specifically, the names of mushrooms and berries—reflecting the features of their preparation and culinary properties—and the names of dishes made from forest products. The article was based on dialect, folklore, and ethnographic data from the Arkhangelsk, Vologda, and Kostroma regions, including unpublished data collected by the toponymic expedition of the Ural Federal University. The article reveals the features of the categorization of forest products in the language of the North Russian peasants, local features of the plant diet, as well as the possible impact of the Finno-Ugric food culture. The ethnolinguistic approach involves taking into account the quantitative ratio of lexemes, ideographic, and areal analysis of vocabulary, identifying its semantic and motivational connections. The analysis of the material established that a significant range of linguistic units and folklore are associated with the topic of picking mushrooms and berries in the Russian North. Categories and concepts characteristic of the culture of gathering are identified: “number of mushrooms / berries collected at a time”, “forest hosts of mushrooms and berries”, “generic names of forest products” (vologa, oboshcha), and “especially valuable forest products” (tsarskie “royal” mushrooms, berries, fish). The names of mushrooms and berries indicate the methods of their preparation, nutritional properties, and composition. The names of the berry dishes reflect the influence of the Finno-Ugric culinary tradition (compare the possibly borrowed designations of flour cereals with berries—the Arkhangelsk words galagatka, kiprishikha, the Arkhangelsk and Vologda word lyas). Folklore texts and narratives preserve plots and ideas about gathering: men as typical mushroom pickers, children and girls are berry pickers, each village having its own territory for collection, the exclusion of strangers from certain locations, the local specialization of territories (e.g. Vologda-originated nicknames such as vologodskie ryzhiki, obabki, etc.), and others.
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Amirov, Valery A. "Functional Features of Onomastic Units in the Military Discourse of the Donbass Conflict". Вопросы Ономастики 18, n. 1 (2021): 237–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2021.18.1.012.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article explores the modalities and features of onomastic units in the media coverage of the Eastern Ukraine military conflict in the Donetsk and Luhansk regions. Based on large empirical data of printed and online publications in Russian and Ukrainian media reporting on the hostilities in Donbass extensively for several years, the author has collected, classified, and analyzed the corpus of onomastic units of the military media discourse. These include place names, such as Donetsk People’s Republic (DPR), Luhansk People’s Republic (LPR), Luganda, Donbabwe, Debaltsevo pocket, Ilovaysk pocket, ORDLO (“separate districts of Donetsk and Luhansk regions”), Novorossiya, “Odessa Khatyn,” as well as the nicknames of field commanders that have become deeply associated with the conflict — Motorola, Bes, Givi. The study examines functional aspects of proper names usage in the media, and their role in shaping a general picture of the Donbass armed conflict for the readers. A special emphasis is made on the weight of onomastic units (militaronyms, toponyms, and anthroponyms) as constructive elements of the military discourse in Eastern Ukraine. In this regard, the presented analysis and its results can contribute to further studies of the media discourse related to armed conflicts of various etiologies and intensities.
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Lobanova, Alevtina Stepanovna. "ON EXTERNAL AND ETHNIC IDENTIFICATION BY MEANS OF LANGUAGE (BASED ON THE NAMES OF LOCAL ETHNOGRAPHIC GROUPS OF THE KOMI-PERM AND THE RUSSIAN LIVING IN THE TERRITORY OF KOMI-PERM DISTRICT)". Yearbook of Finno-Ugric Studies 13, n. 3 (25 settembre 2019): 403–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2224-9443-2019-13-3-403-411.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article is devoted to the issues related to the names of ethnic groups of the Komi-Perm people, as well as the Russians living in the Komi-Perm district. Special attention is paid to the modern ethnonym Komi-Permyak , which contains in its composition both the foreign component (Permyak) and the term-self-name (Komi), as an exceptional example of such self-identification among all representatives of the Finno-Ugric language family. The article touches upon the problem of variability of names denoting today the Yazva and Zuzdin Komi-Perm people living outside the Komi-Perm district. Reasons for the emergence of pejorative ethnonyms in the speech of the Komi-Perm are revealed. The material shows that the opposition "the person of my group" - "the person of a different group" (even if the languages are cognate) first of all is based on the features of language as the most important sign of any ethnos. A number of features characterizes the names denoting ethnic groups of the Komi-Perm people at the present stage. For the official designation of the ethnic group (Komi-Permyak), a variant containing both an external ethnonym and a self-name component were adopted. In an informal setting, the self-name (Komi) is preserved, while the foreign term (Permyak) is lost. Yazva Komi-Perm and Zuzdin Komi-Perm for the self-identification adopted the received external identifier (Permian) and lost touch with the self-name (Komi). To implement the leading interdialectal differences in the area the name-pejorative lodz/vodz "gadfly" is used. The Russian-speaking population of the Yurlinsky district, called paryonki “steamed vegetables” by the Komi-Perm, identifies itself as a nickname of Russian origin.
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Ratković, Dragana. "Derywaty z interfiksem -i- / -i/y- oraz pierwszym członem czasownikowym w języku serbskim, rosyjskim oraz polskim". Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej 51 (31 dicembre 2016): 167–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/sfps.2016.010.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Derivatives with the -i- / -i/y- interfix and a verb as the first component in Serbian, Russian and PolishThe paper gives a comparative historical analysis of derivative words with the i / i/y- interfix and a verb as the first component in Serbian, Russian and Polish from the standpoint of contemporary Slavic morphology (derivatology). The aim is to provide their description in terms of semantic variation. The author ascertains that all the three languages feature a derivational model of forming expressive lexis by means of the i / i/y- interfix, predominantly nouns, of mostly humorous and pejorative meaning. A special group is formed by onyms (nicknames turned surnames, but also toponyms, oronyms, hydronyms etc). This type of words first occurred in Serbian and Russian in the thirteenth century (possibly in Serbian in the eleventh century), and in Polish in the fifteenth century. Judging by the available sources, derivatives with the i- interfix appear frequently in historical as well as modern Serbian, Polish and Russian (much more in Serbian and Polish than in Russian). In Serbian and Russian pre-nineteenth-century sources chiefly given names and nicknames-turnedsurnames were noted (in Russian, also some animal and plant names as well as abstract nouns). In Old Polish, words of the discussed kind are zoological and botanical lexemes; from Middle Polish on, the lexemes encompass all semantic categories characteristic of modern Serbian and Russian. It should, however, be stressed that the inaccessibility of the spoken language as well as the limited number of sources introduce considerable uncertainty to observations regarding the time of origin and vocabulary of the first centuries of Slavic languages. This applies especially to expressively marked lexemes, a considerable portion of which is constituted by common nouns of the “A (verb) + -i- / -i/y- + B” model. In contemporary Serbian, Polish and Russian, the lexis formed by means of this derivational model is almost equally developed conceptually and relates predominantly to the same phenomena. Expressive words in all three languages are formed in the processes of metonymisation, metaphorisation, personification, hyperbolization and grotesque, and are characterized by numerous derivational and semantic equivalents. Derywaty z interfiksem -i- / -i/y- oraz pierwszym członem czasownikowym w języku serbskim, rosyjskim oraz polskimArtykuł zawiera analizę historyczno-porównawczą wyrazów z interfiksem -i- / -i/y- oraz pierwszym członem czasownikowym (modelu A (czas.) + -i- / -i/y- + B) w języku serbskim, rosyjskim oraz polskim z punktu widzenia współczesnej derywatologii slawistycznej. Celem badań jest opis analizowanych derywatów według ich zróżnicowania znaczeniowego. Autorka wykazuje, że we wszystkich trzech językach według tego modelu słowotwórczego powstaje przede wszystkim słownictwo ekspresywne, głównie rzeczowniki, o znaczeniu żartobliwym i pejoratywnym. Taki typ wyrazów w języku serbskim i rosyjskim pojawia się po raz pierwszy w źródłach z XIII wieku (możliwe, że w serbskim już w XI w.), natomiast w polszczyźnie w przebadanym materiale z XV wieku. Sądząc po źródłach, model słowotwórczy, według którego tworzone są analizowane wyrazy, jest produktywny we wszystkich trzech językach, zarówno w ich stadium historycznym, jak i w języku współczesnym, przy czym w języku serbskim i polskim jest takich derywatów więcej niż w języku rosyjskim. W źródłach sprzed XIX stulecia w języku serbskim i rosyjskim odnotowano głównie imiona i przydomki przetworzone w nazwiska (w języku rosyjskim również pewne nazwy zwierząt i roślin oraz rzeczowniki abstrakcyjne). W staropolszczyźnie jest to leksyka zoologiczna i botaniczna, а w dobie średniopolskiej wyrazy modelu A (czas.) + -i/y- + B obejmują prawie wszystkie kategorie pojęciowe, do których przynależą wyrazy tego modelu we współczesnym języku serbskim i rosyjskim. W tym miejscu należy podkreślić, że brak dostępu do języka mówionego, a także ograniczona liczba zabytków sprawiają, że spostrzeżenia dotyczące czasu powstania czy zasobów leksykalnych pierwszych wieków słowiańszczyzny pisanej obarczone są dużym stopniem niepewności. Dotyczy to w szczególności leksemów o nacechowaniu ekspresywnym, wśród których wyraźną grupę stanowią wyrazy pospolite modelu A (czas.) + -i- / -i/y- + B. We współczesnym języku serbskim, rosyjskim oraz polskim leksyka tego modelu jest podobnie zróżnicowana znaczeniowo i dotyczy zazwyczaj tych samych zjawisk. Ekspresywy we wszystkich trzech językach powstają w wyniku procesów metonimizacji, metaforyzacji, personifikacji, hiperbolizacji oraz przy zastosowaniu groteski i charakteryzują się licznymi ekwiwalentami słowotwórczo-semantycznymi.
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Bobrova, Maria V. "CONTEMPORARY RURAL ZOONYMICON IN THE DERIVATIONAL ASPECT (on the Material of Zoonyms of One Group of Villages)". Вестник Пермского университета. Российская и зарубежная филология 13, n. 2 (2021): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2073-6681-2021-2-5-13.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article is devoted to the study of zoonyms functioning in the speech of the inhabitants of Troel’ga rural settlement, Kungur district (Perm Krai). Methodologically, animal names are considered in the article in line with the theory of derivation, that is, as a result of dynamic processes at different levels of the language system. It is necessary to distinguish between nicknames that appeared in the course of zoonymic transformations and those that appeared due to transformations of ready-made lexical means (products of pre-zoonymic transformations). We have found that the first ones form as a result of six types of derivation: word-forming derivation (with the formation of words that are absent in the literary language), lexical and word-forming derivation (with the formation of words that are homonymous to the words of the literary language), lexical derivation (with the use of non-derived words that are absent in the literary language: neologisms and barbarisms), lexical-semantic derivation (with the reinterpretation of the semantics of the generating word), lexical-grammatical derivation (with the functional transformation of the generating word), morphological derivation (with the grammatical transformation of the generating word). The words of the second group are included in the zoonymicon through lexical derivation (using derived and non-derived words of the literary language), lexical-semantic derivation (with semantic transformation of all-Russian words), morphological-syntactic derivation (with a change of the part of speech of all-Russian words). Within these types, certain derivational models are implemented, in particular k-suffixation, word convergence based on paronomasia, onymization and transonymization, substantivization, etc. The paper provides a conclusion about a variety of ways of forming modern zoonymicon, about the specificity of some particular derivational models for the given sample.
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Klyucheva, M. A. "Zoonyms in the names of the characters in Mari folk games". Bulletin of Ugric studies 10, n. 3 (2020): 462–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.30624/2220-4156-2020-10-3-462-471.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introduction: zoonyms occupy important place in the semiotic system of folklore. They encode basic mythological ideas and, at the same time, reflect economic activity of people traditionally associated with animals. The game vocabulary correlates with the general system of folklore and mythology. Zoonyms are used in games as the names of characters, game items and toys, movements, as well as they are widely represented in texts of chits, game sentences, dialogues, songs. Objective: to reveal zoonyms in the names of the characters in the Mari folk games, to systematize them according to their functions, thematic groups and etymology. Research materials: almost the full volume of texts with descriptions of the Mari folk games is taken from publications in Russia and other countries, from the hand-written Archive of the Mari Research Institute of Language, Literature and History, field records, the personal collection of the author. Results and novelty of the research: the article for the first time reveals a complete system of zoonyms in the names of the characters of the Mari games. Their functions in the game are revealed: most often, zoonyms are used in the games like catch-up, blind man etc. as the name of the catcher, his antagonists, as well as an offensive nickname for the losing player; they also indicate the similarity of the movements of the gamer and the animal; used in round dances and imitative improvisational games. Thematically, most of them are the names of mammals and birds, which Mari children most often met in everyday life and in native nature. There are almost no names of reptiles, amphibians, fish and insects. Etymologically, most of the reviewed zoononyms are Turkic borrowings in the Mari language, fewer of them are words of Finno-Ugric origin and borrowings from Russian; and these data indirectly indicate the genesis of specific animal images in the Mari game culture.
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Lvova, S. D., e L. N. Gerasimova. "Experience of Developing a database of storytellers of the Yakut Epos". Nauchnyi dialog, n. 3 (27 marzo 2021): 231–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2021-3-231-243.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The results of the analysis of the basic principles of compiling the database “Olonkhosuts of Yakutia of the 17th—20th centuries” — about the storytellers of the Yakut national epic are presented. The relevance of the research is determined by some difficulties in the systematization and design of the information content of the repository. A brief overview of the history of the study of the personalities of Yakut storytellers is given, the stages of database development are discussed in detail. It is noted that as a result of the generalization of the material a reference book that contains more than 1300 names of storytellers of the 17th-20th centuries was published by the team of the Olonkho Research Institute of M. K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University. Problems identified in the process of filling in the cells are described. Particular attention is paid to entering data in the national language, their transliteration and translation into Russian. The definition of the types of the second names of olonkhosuts is given, the expediency of allocating a separate field for nicknames-pseudonyms reflecting the status and popular recognition of the talent of the narrator is substantiated. A sample database table on olonkhosuts is presented. As a result of the study, the parameters for selecting data for inclusion in the repository were compiled, the need for additional research work to identify the facts of the change of residence of olonkhosuts was determined, and recommendations were proposed for improving the principles of information content of the database.
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Kļavinska, Antra. "ETHNONYMS IN THE SYSTEM OF PROPER NAMES OF LATGALE". Via Latgalica, n. 5 (31 dicembre 2013): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/latg2013.5.1639.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Proper names, including ethnonyms (folk, tribal and other ethnic community names), is an<br />essential component of any language lexis, which particularly brightly reveals a variety ofextralinguistic processes.<br />The aim of the paper is to analyze the conformity of ethnonym transonymization (the change of proper name class) and deonymization (the change of proper name into<br />appellative) in the culture of Latgale, and linguistic techniques and extralinguistic factors.<br />Linguo-culturological approach has been used in the research, and the link between cultural-<br />historical and social processes in the research of linguistic processes has been taken into<br />account. Determining the origin of ancient ethnonyms, the researchers of the Baltic languages<br />acknowledge a transonymization model typical to the Balts: hydronym → name of region<br />→ ethnonym (Zinkevičius 2005, 186–187). This paper attempts to reveal various ethnonym<br />(denoting mostly foreigners) transonymization models in the system of proper names of<br />Latgale, nominating motivation, and the types of word-formation.<br />It seems that the ethnonyms that denote the neighbouring nations (Estonians,<br />Lithuanians, Russians) most frequently turn into other proper names. Transonymization<br />models have been identifi ed as follows:<br />1) ethnonym → anthroponym → oikonym (or ethnonym → oikonym → anthroponym),<br />for example, l ī t a u n ī k i ‘the Lithuanians’ → L ī t a u n ī k s ‘a surname’ →<br />L ī t a u n ī k i ‘a village in Preiļi county’;<br />2) ethnonym → microtoponym, for example, ž y d i ‘the Jews’ → Ž y d a p ū r s<br />‘a marsh in Vārkava county’;<br />3) ethnonym → anthroponym, for example, č y g u o n i ‘the Roma people’ →<br />Č y g u o n s ‘a nickname for a dark-haired man’;<br />4) ethnonym (→ oikonym) → ergonym, for example, l a t g a ļ i ‘The Baltic tribe’ →<br />“L a t g a ļ i” ‘a farm in Mērdzene rural municipality of Kārsava county’.<br />Transonymization of ethnonyms in the culture of Latgale is motivated by historical<br />and social processes. Transonymization processes present the evidence of Latgalians’ stereotypical perception of foreigners, compact settlement of different ethnic groups in<br />Latgale, and historical events.<br />Various types of word-formation are used in the transonymization process:<br />1) semantic, i.e., only the meaning changes, the morphemic system of lexeme is notchanged, for example, ethnonym p o ļ a k i → oikonym P o ļ a k i (→ surname P o ļ a k s<br />(the male singular form of the ethnonym));<br />2) morphological, typically suffixes are added to ethnonyms (sometimes phonetic<br />changes in the root occur), for example, i g a u n i ‘the Estonians’ → surnames I k a u n ī k s<br />(ikaun-+-nīk-s); I g o v e n s (igov-+ - en-s);<br />3) syntactical, forming compound words, for example, the ethnonym k r ī v i<br />‘the Russians’ has motivated the oikonym K r ī v a s o l a <Krīva sola ‘Russian Village’,<br />K r ī v m a i z e s <Krīvu maizes ‘Russian bread’;<br />4) formation of analytical forms, where one of the components has ethnonymic<br />semantics and the second component is a nomenclature word (hill, meadow, marsh, lake,<br />etc.), for example, Ž y d a p ū r s ‘Jew’s marsh’, an attributive adjective, for example, a<br />village M a z i e L ī t a u n ī k i ‘small Lithuanians’, a substantive of other semantics, for<br />example, a meadow Č i g o n e i c a s j ū s t a ‘Gypsy’s belt’.<br />Proper names of foreign origin motivated by ethnonyms have taken their stable<br />place in the system of proper names of Latgale, for example, L a t i š i, a village in Pušmucova<br />rural municipality of Cibla civil-parish (in Russian латыши ‘the Latvians’).<br />Proper names of ethnonymic semantics, used to name various phenomena and<br />realities, are often included in the lexicon of various dialects of Latvian and even other<br />languages. If to assume the fact that ethnonyms are proper names, then it can be concluded<br />that the appellatives mentioned above have appeared in deonymization process: ethnonym<br />→ appellative. Moreover, the material of Latgalian dialects confirms the existence of deethnonymic<br />proper names, for example, a lot of different realities are associated with the<br />ethnonyms denoting Roma people: č y g u o n i ‘participants of masquerade parade’;<br />č y g o n k a 1) a sort of winter apples, the apple of this sort (dark green and red); 2) the railroad;<br />3) achimenes (flower, Achimenes); 4) mushrooms: wild champignon (Rozites caperata) or<br />ugly milkcap (Lactarius necator); č y g u o n a s a u l e ‘the moon’. Appellativeness of<br />ethnonyms has an associative character. The names are reflecting the Latgalians’ stereotypical<br />perception of appearance, occupation, character traits, and traditions of foreigners as alien<br />and different, however, acceptable and assimilable phenomena.
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VARNIKOVA, E. N. "THE USE OF HISTORICAL ZOONYMICS FOR THE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE OLD RUSSIAN LITANY". Onomastics of the Volga Region, n. 1 (2020): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/2020-1.onomast.165-171.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article explains the feasibility of using zoonymic facts of monastic documents of the 16th early 18th centuries for the reconstruction of Old Russian anthroponymics. The analysis of old Russian hipponymics shows that its vocabulary is almost completely consistent with Old Russian names, nicknames and modern surnames. Zoonymic data reveals personal names that have not yet been noted in historical anthroponymic dictionaries, establishes the initial forms of names and their modification, as well as in some cases clarifies the semantics of Old Russian anthroponyms.
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Osipova, Ksenia V. "North Russian Dialectal Nicknames Derived from Names of Food: An Ethnolinguistic Аpproach". Вопросы Ономастики 14, n. 1 (2017): 87–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2017.14.1.005.
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Selezneva, Kristina O. "Thematic group “Education” in Russian language (using analysis of Russian jargon dictionary as an example)". Socialʹnye i gumanitarnye znania 7, n. 2 (11 giugno 2021): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.18255/2412-6519-2021-2-212-222.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article is devoted to the lexemes which are entered into the composition of the thematic group “Education”. Some lexemes from Russian jargon dictionary are used. Solid sorting is used as a method. There is a list of the lexemes which are in the groups and minigroups in the thematic group «Education» as a result of the author’s study. The author has done systematization and classification of these lexemes. The author’s study gave an opportunity to sort out the following subgroups and minigroups: Students’ names, Actuals’ names that are connected with education learning process, Teachers’ names, School subjects, Educational institutions, Educational departments, Separate workers’ names in education, Marks, Students and teachers’ names of several educational institutions, Forms of control and types of accounting, Allusions that appear after specific teachers, students and educational workers mentioning. Some subgroups have the following minigroups: Students’ names connecting to their attitude to the study process, Students’ names depending their department, Common students’ names, Students’ names depending their grade, Foreign students’ names, Students’ names depending their duties and privileges, Students’ names depending their interests, Students’ names depending their form of studying, Teachers’ names depending subjects, Teachers’ names depending the allusions connecting with the subject they teach, Common teachers’ names.
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Fursova, E. F. "Local ethnocultural identities of Russian old-timers in the foothills of the Southern Altai". Ethnography of Altai and Adjacent Territories 10 (2020): 198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.37386/2687-0592-2020-10-198-202.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article makes an attempt to reveal the variety of types and identify criteria for identifying individuals with local ethnocultural groups of Russian old-timers in the foothills of the Southern Altai for the period of the late XIX - early XX centuries. based on materials from ethnographic expeditions in 1978–2000. The author’s approach is to investigate this problem based on the analysis of collective folk names of groups (nicknames), without highlighting any one and taking into account opinions among neighbors from nearby villages. As a result of the study, the processes of the development of historical consciousness and the interaction of culturally different groups were traced, which was reflected in the dynamics of the spread of collective folk names.
20
Griber, Yu A. "Mineralogical Code in Russian Color Names". Nauchnyi dialog, n. 4 (21 aprile 2021): 42–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2021-4-42-65.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The results of a comprehensive study of color names derived from the names of colored stones in the system of color names of the modern Russian language are presented in the article. The research was conducted in 2018-2020 in two stages using the methods of content analysis and an online psycholinguistic experiment. At the first stage, the state of the semantic group of names of colored stones, potential objects-referents of color names, was assessed by analyzing four different groups of sources: specialized dictionaries of colored stones, dictionaries of color, individual author's dictionaries of color names and explanatory dictionaries of the modern Russian language. At the second stage, the state of the color terms formed from the names of colored stones in the active vocabulary of modern Russian speakers was investigated on the basis of data from an online psycholinguistic experiment, in which 2,457 people aged 16 to 95 took part. The results of a comparative analysis of the lists of colored stones-prototypes of color names in the passive and active dictionaries of the speakers of the modern Russian language are presented. The scope of denotation and the function of color names derived from the names of colored stones are considered. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the derivative productivity of the names of referent objects of the studied class and the frequency of use of individual color names in the responses of Russian speakers with different socio-demographic characteristics (gender, age, professional experience).
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Berezovich, Elena L., e Olesia D. Surikova. "Names of Evil Spirits in Russian Imprecations". Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Filologiya, n. 67 (1 ottobre 2020): 5–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/19986645/67/1.
Testo completo
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Budennaya, Evgeniya. "Hypocoristic forms of Old Russian Christian names". Voprosy Jazykoznanija, n. 3 (2021): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/0373-658x.2021.3.26-46.
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Romanik, Anna. "English names of occupations in modern Russian language". Studia Wschodniosłowiańskie 14 (2014): 249–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/sw.2014.14.19.
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Kabinina, Nadezhda V. "To the Origins of Russian Surnames with the Stem Maur-". Вопросы ономастики 17, n. 3 (2020): 65–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2020.17.3.035.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The paper delves into the etymology of East Slavic (including Russian) surnames with the stem Maur- (Maur, Maurenko, Maurin, Maurinov, Maurov, Maurtsev, etc.). The author shows that these can neither go back to the female calendar name Mavra, as popular Internet sources suggest, nor refer to a female deity from the legendary Merya pantheon, as the first serious researcher of the issue, Nikolay Shvarev, has proposed. Based on linguo-geographic data, the article substantiates another hypothesis that Maur- is an adapted version of the original Ukrainian stem Magur-, originally pronounced as [maγur-] in the territories where the standard [g] is substituted with a velar fricative [γ] (the so-called “gekanie”). Thus, the variant stem Maur- in these surnames appeared in the central and northern Old Russian lands due to the articulatory weakening of [γ]. Historically, this builds on the fact that in the Old Russian period the population of the present Ukrainian lands repeatedly migrated far to the east, to modern Central Russia, fleeing from the Polovtsian raids, the Mongol invasion, famine, and political instability. Analysing the picture of the Ukrainian Magur- surnames distribution leads the author to conclude that these originally arose in the extreme west of Ukraine, on the territory of the Ukrainian Carpathians, where three mountain peaks called Magura are located. It is quite natural that over time, the oronym-based nicknames of the Carpathian inhabitants have developed East Slavic patronymic suffixes (Magurenko, Maguryak, etc.). At the same time, it is possible that some people with nicknames containing the stem Magur- could have been immigrants from Northern Romania and Moldavia, also featuring several mountainous regions called Măgură.
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Dmitrieva, Tatiana N. "Types of Spelling Mistakes in Personal Documents of Russian Citizens and Migrants Applying for Russian Citizenship". Вопросы Ономастики 18, n. 2 (2021): 196–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2021.18.2.026.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The paper analyses mistakes and inconsistencies that tend to occur in the spelling of surnames, first names, and patronymics in personal documents of Russian citizens when they register for pensions and other welfare payments, as well as in the documents of migrants applying for Russian citizenship. The material for the study was retrieved from in-person enquiries received at the Department of Russian Language, General Linguistics and Speech Communication of the Ural Federal University during 2005–2021. The certificates issued by the author in response to those requests served to confirm the identity of the names of applicants and their relatives in birth certificates, passports, employment records, marriage certificates, etc. The material includes the documents drawn up on the territory of the USSR and former Soviet republics, and some in the far abroad. The paper identifies the types of mistakes and variations in the spelling of names, patronymics, and surnames in these documents and looks for the reasons to such variation. The study showed that along with spelling mistakes which are generally few (dropping / replacing a letter, adding an extra letter, word formation errors), there are much more frequent cases of variation of names, patronymics and surnames due to linguistic and sociolinguistic reasons: 1) the use of orthographic name variants, 2) the use of the literary and colloquial version of the name, 3) replacing a little-known name with a more popular one with similar pronunciation, 4) the existence of word-formation and phonetic variants including multilingual equivalents of the personal name, 5) new variants appearing in the course of rendering the name into Russian and transliteration of specific vowels and consonants of other languages, 6) changes in the graphics and spelling in the languages of the former Soviet republics and a tendency to correct the Russified forms of names, patronymics, and surnames initially recorded in Soviet times to match the updated norms.
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Surikova, Olesya D. "Names of Russian Charity: idem vs. alium". Izvestia of the Ural federal university. Series 2. Humanities and Arts 22, n. 4 (202) (2020): 273–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/izv2.2020.22.4.076.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper provides a linguistic analysis of abstract nouns belonging to the lexical-semantic field “Gratuitous Assistance to the Needy” and denoting the situation of charitable activities in general — благотворительность, донорство, меценатство, and филантропия. All of them are synonyms; they are defined through each other in dictionary entries and are often used as absolute equivalents. This impedes uncontradictory terminologisation of the language of charity and complicates the justification of the legal framework for this activity. The author aims to distinguish these words by using historical and explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language, dictionaries of synonyms of the Russian language, and The National Corpus of the Russian Language. This helps to determine the semantic scope, context compatibility, and conditions of the textual functioning of these words. The author concludes that the core position in the structure of the lexical-semantic field “Gratuitous Assistance to the Needy” is occupied by the originally Russian word благотворительность, which has a high usage frequency, denotes any gratuitous assistance, and has polar connotations, both positive and negative. Other terms occupy the periphery — either because of a narrower meaning (меценатство), or due to a limited scope of use (филантропия, донорство). The frequency of lexemes that refer to charitable activities increases during periods of social and economic stability, the establishment of better international relations, and decreases when society is forced to deal with serious problems. The intensive growth in the use of these words has been observed in the Russian media space since the mid-1980s and is still growing, which occurs due to the international actualisation of charitable activities and social responsibility trend.
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Shcherbinina, Yu V. "Personal and Eponymous Nicknames in Historical Retrospective". Russian language at school 81, n. 2 (20 marzo 2020): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.30515/0131-6141-2020-81-2-83-87.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article is devoted to the genesis of personal and eponymous nicknames as a vivid phenomenon in the history of language and speech, which has irrefutable potential for developing methods of teaching and educating schoolchildren. The main varieties of nicknames, the conditions for their formation and the specifics of daily life in different historical periods are considered. The interconnections of nicknames with similar and related phenomena of Russian and European speech cultures are analyzed. The feasibility of analysing nicknames in the methodological practice of secondary school is postulated. Possible ways of the implementation of intrasubject and intersubject communications in the school teaching of humanities are offered on the basis of familiarizing students with the history of eponymous and personal nicknames.
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Pustyakov, Alexander L. "Adaptation of Russian Christian Names into the Mari Language". Вопросы Ономастики 14, n. 3 (2017): 128–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2017.14.3.027.
Testo completo
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Kapatsinski, Vsevolod, e Cynthia Vakareliyska. "[N[N]] compounds in Russian". Constructions and Frames 5, n. 1 (5 agosto 2013): 69–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cf.5.1.03kap.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Modern Russian contains a significant number of right-headed compounds modeled on Germanic [N[N]] compounds and containing recently borrowed English or German stems. The present article argues that these compounds are a family of partially lexically-specific constructions. Quantitative corpus data from the restricted semantic domain consisting of names of food/drink establishments support this claim by showing that the [N[N]] structure is specifically associated with certain head nouns. The article discusses the relationship between these and related constructions, and suggests motivations for the partial productivity of [N[N]] constructions in Russian.1
30
Martynenko, Julia B. "Working with precedent Anthroponyms in Russian as a foreign language classes (structural and semantic approach)". Science and School, n. 2, 2020 (2020): 188–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31862/1819-463x-2020-2-188-196.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article considers the names of famous people contained in textbooks on Russian as a foreign language; the structural and semantic approach to the analysis of such anthroponyms and the methodology of working with them in order to form background cultural knowledge and anthroponymic worldviews among foreign students are identified as one of the teaching problems. Personal names reflect the national culture and national mentality of Russian people. Studying the functioning of precedent names in texts, structural and semantic analysis of anthroponyms in Russian as a foreign language classes, the system of pre-text and post-text tasks enriches foreign students with information about the Russian naming system, with knowledge of Russian culture. Students also discover a different culture and stereotypes of communicative behavior of its carriers.
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Cooper, Brian. "Russian Names for some Millets and Related Grasses". Russian Linguistics 31, n. 1 (aprile 2007): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11185-006-0716-4.
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RODINA, Nadezhda A. "Humorous motifs of Russian military equipment nomination". Neophilology, n. 19 (2019): 327–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-6953-2019-5-19-327-336.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In modern national linguistics there is a set of works devoted to the description of language personalities of representatives of certain professions. However, in the last decades due to the increase of interest in the military sphere names of cadets, soldiers and officers are in the researchers’ attention centre. We also analyze names of objects of a material environment, it allows to conduct fully studying of language personality of the representative of the Armed Forces of Russian Federation as the ratio of motifs and ways of the nomination will allow to reveal features of the language personality of Russian personnel in mediated communication. We analyze the motivation features of the official names of the Russian military equipment and armor. We consider chrematonyms in terms of their belonging to humorous means of communication in military sphere. We prove application of humorous names by specifics of national character of the Russian personnel. Material of article is the corpus in the form of the glossary in the Internet and also results of the military personnel survey. The new empirical material introduction for scientific use allows to make objective and reliable conclusions on the nature of the humorous nomination in the sphere of military equipment and armor. Research material can be used both in military education, and in an elective course of onomastics in civil university.
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Belyaev, Andrey G., e Elena I. Shubnitsina. "On the Origin of Russian-Language Hydronyms of the Shchugor River Basin". Вопросы Ономастики 17, n. 1 (2020): 95–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2020.17.1.005.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article discusses the history of the hydronyms Shchugor, Patok, Glubnik, Torgovaya, Volokovka, Pyatidyrka, and Semidyrka, i.e. the names of the Shchugor River and its several tributaries of the first and second orders. Presently, these names mostly have a “Russian” phonetic appearance, however, their historical variants suggest that some of them may be a result of semantic adaptation of pre-Russian names. The authors suggest that the hydronyms Pyatidyrka and Semidyrka originated from Nenets names with a composite determinant -dyrma, expressing recurrence and place of action. In other examples, there is a parallel coexistence of several similar versions of one hydronym belonging to different languages, cf.: Russian Torgovaya, Komi-Zyryan Törgövöy-yu, Nenets Menyaylava. This can be regarded as a testimony to the past and current contacts of the Russian population with indigenous peoples — speakers of Finno-Ugric and Samoyedic languages. In some cases, the older pre-Russian form of a hydronym might be missing, i.e. replaced by a Russian-language variant without any trace of the substrate name. For example, the Komi-Zyryan hydronym Pyzhenyuts (from Komi-Zyryan pyzh ‘boat,’ literally “River on which boats can sail”) was replaced in the Old Russian period by the name Padun and, later, by the name Patok, both of the latter hydronyms being originally Russian. The article also analyzes native Russian names for which the most probable motivation can be established based on geographic data. Incidentally, the traditional interpretation of the name of the river Glubnik as “deep river” or “river with deep places” is called into question, since such an interpretation does not correspond to physical and geographical features of the river, the authors interpret the name as “River flowing from the depths of the taiga.” All linguistic observations and etymological interpretations of hydronyms presented in the article are based on the analysis of a large array of cartographic sources of the 16th–20th centuries; finally examples are given of the distortion of the spelling of the hydronyms of the Shchugorsk area of the Urals on the maps of various times.
34
Shulga, Mariya. "Evolution of Number Names in Modern Russian". Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 2. Jazykoznanije, n. 4 (dicembre 2019): 88–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2019.4.7.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The paper deals with the evolution of morphological forms and syntactic relations of numerals which give names to categories of numbers. The ways of formation of a number name тысяча / tysjatscha and its part-of-speech signs are illustrated with the texts taken from the Russian National Corpus. It's the first systematic description of transition of a noun into a number name regarded as a complex grammatical process – morphological unification of case forms (instrumental case тысячью / tysjatschju); substitution of countable noun government by coordination with it in every indirect case; loss of syntactic forms of gender and number (i.e. their ability to correlate with words in gender and number); loss of morphological forms of the plural number and their substitution by forms of the singular number; formation of compound numerals on the bases of the numeral тысяча / tysjatscha; signs of morphological separation of the number name тысяча / tysjatscha and the name of quantity. The development and grammatical adaptation of тысяча / tysjatscha in the line of numerals is reported to have taken long. The article presents a sequence of obtaining new features of the numerals. Evolution of numerals is presented as a relevant grammatical process that implements synthetic potential of the Russian language grammatical system.
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Kondratyeva, E. N. "The First Korean Migrants in the Far East and Inaccurate Korean Names: a Linguistic Analysis". Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Political Science and Religion Studies 34 (2020): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2073-3380.2020.34.99.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this article the so-called “traditional” Russian transliteration of names of the first Korean migrants in Russian Far East is explained. The linguistic analysis revealed some patterns dating back to the Middle Korean language which were preserved in some dialects and implemented in the Russian spellings of Korean names.
36
Krasheninnikova, Yulia A., e Svetlana G. Nizovtseva. "Toponymy of Russian Mining Settlements of the Komi Republic in the 21st Century Records". Вопросы Ономастики 18, n. 1 (2021): 209–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2021.18.1.010.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The paper deals with the toponymic material recorded in 2008–2019 from the Russian population of the mining settlements of Nyvchim, Kazhym, and Nychpas. All these small towns emerged due to iron mining development in the Komi Republic of the mid-18th century and the workforce migration from the central and northern parts of Russia related thereto. Analyzing the data from local toponymic systems, the authors discover motivations behind the local microtoponymy and the peculiarities of present-day place names in the region. Beyond that, the study deals with the names of intra-rural parts and periphery areas assimilated for economic, fishing, and other types of activities. Several groups of unofficial microtoponyms were highlighted: 1) titled by name/surname of the owner or user 2) referring to landscape and location features 3) situational microtoponyms. On the one hand, the analysis testifies to the adoption of Finno-Ugric names (hydronomy, above all) on the territory of the Russian mining settlements in the Komi Republic. On the other hand, in the times of territory reclamation, there is an increase of Russian-based naming establishing territorial law, regulating agrarian, hunting, and fishing activities, helping residents to navigate. Some Russian names attest to the deep cultural memory of the settlers, the continuity of naming traditions which refer to the territories of exodus and maternal culture. Characteristically, the toponymic system of Russian mining settlements in the Komi Republic shows a far smaller proportion of names related to religion, cults, and mythology compared to the rest of the Russian North.
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Rodina, Nadezhda A. "Metaphor as a means of creating a new meaning (based on the nicknames of Russian military personnel)". Neophilology, n. 23 (2020): 456–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-6953-2020-6-23-456-462.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
We analyze the linguistic metaphor as a means of creating a new meaning of word. We consider the varieties of metaphor – cognitive and conceptual – in the understanding of foreign and domestic linguists of the precognitive and cognitive periods. We conclude that the terminological combination is correctly applied conceptual metaphor in relation to a linguistic phenomenon. This question is relevant at present, since associative transfer when assigning naming objects and persons is widespread in modern onomastics. In addition, in professional groups, as part of jargon existence, a metaphor is a universal tool for the formation of nicknames. The work provides an example of conceptual metaphor usage to create nicknames for Russian military personnel. From a cognitive point of view, we describe naming, data for the features of the appearance, behavior, character of the army representatives. The study is based on living language material collected by the method of questioning and direct interviewing of military personnel of St. Petersburg. The ma-terial and results of the study can be used in the educational process both in civilian and military universities at seminars and special courses in onomastics, as well as in the compilation of the “Dictionary of Military Nicknames”.
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Pimenova, Marina Vas, e Wu Lianlian. "Functioning of Paired Naming in the Modern Russian language". RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics 11, n. 1 (15 dicembre 2020): 102–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2020-11-1-102-119.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article is devoted to the functioning of paired names in modern Russian language - insufficiently studied stable combinations such as небо и земля, печки-лавочки, хлеб-соль, ни ответа ни привета . These units express a single, undifferentiated meaning, consist of two components connected by a compositional connection that belong to one part of speech (most often in paired names are nouns combinations, although there are also adverbs, verbs, adjectives, pronouns, numerals, interjections, onomatopes, prepositions and particles). Structural-semantic model, which is built on paired naming dates back to the ancient period of the language, however, continues to be used in XX-XXI centuries. The purpose of this article is consideration of features of the semantics and structure of the paired naming by the material from the resource "National corpus of the russian language". In addition, their frequency is presented in newspaper and oral speech, in parallel texts and poetic discourse, as well as in accentological and educational materials.
39
Ioanesyan, E. R., e P. S. Dronov. "GESTURE NAMES WITH ADAPTORS IN LANGUAGE". Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 30, n. 6 (11 dicembre 2020): 959–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2020-30-6-959-967.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The paper deals with non-verbal semiotics, the field focusing on language and body language. The authors analyze gesture names containing adaptors, primarily body-adaptors such as the English idiom a slap on the cheek and Russian poshchechina ‘ditto’ (indicating a passive organ, i.e. an affected body part), French pichenette ‘flick on the nose’ (a passive organ), Serbo-Croatian šaka ‘slap on the cheek, strike with an open hand’ (an active organ). In some cases, a body-adaptor is reflected in the word’s inner form indicating the sound that goes along with the gesture (e.g. the sound of hitting a passive organ, such as the onomatopoeic Russian shlepok , English slap , and Spanish bofetada ), the impact mark (e.g. the French idiom giroflée à cinq feuilles ‘impact mark of four fingers on the cheek; slap on the cheek’), and the possible result or consequence of the gesture (e.g. Italian sganascione ‘a slap so hard that it can dislocate the jaw’). The paper also deals with the semantic transitions from gestures with adaptors to gesture idioms.
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Steriopolo, Olga. "Morphosyntactic properties of short first names (hypocoristics) in Russian". Russian Linguistics 42, n. 1 (17 gennaio 2018): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11185-017-9186-0.
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Pitina, Svetlana. "English Influence on Linguistic Landscape of Modern Russian Cities". International Journal of English Linguistics 10, n. 1 (15 dicembre 2019): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v10n1p61.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper provides an integral cognitive and language and cultural study of linguistic landscape diversity which is of a particular interest from the viewpoint of multilingualism expansion. The research aims to outline and analyze peculiarities of English influence on the modern urban space of Russian cities. This paper puts forward and confirms the hypothesis that English influence on linguistic landscape of the three modern Russian cities is a regular process in commercial place naming, that it is realized in various ways in different types of ergonyms to meet the demands of customers. Local city space is seen as a complex system from the point of view of language and cultural studies. Local urban naming is analyzed on the material of about 1,000 partially or completely anglicized names of language centers, tourist agencies and book shops of Yekaterinburg, Saint-Petersburg and Chelyabinsk retrieved from official websites. The data analysis has shown the existence of both general tendencies in forming urban commercial place names and realization of regional consciousness in naming. The findings prove that nomination processes in urban naming combine local and global tendencies. One of the main universal tendencies of naming is urban globalization realized in the English influence on the modern linguistic landscape in general and on the urban place names in particular. It is shown that English influence (Anglicization) is realized in glocalization, the coexistence of English and local characteristics of Russian urban place names. Anglicization tendencies and mechanisms include language fashion and creativity. The study reveals patterns of borrowing, codeswitching and language interplay. It is illustrated that blending, transliteration from English into Russian, usage of hybrid words and expressions are characteristic of the analyzed minor place names.
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Bashanova, Maria A., Yu Zhang e Andrey A. Yakovlev. "Science names in the language consciousness of Russian and Chinese students". NSU Vestnik. Series: Linguistics and Intercultural Communication 17, n. 3 (2019): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7935-2019-17-3-145-155.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article discusses the results of the associative experiment aimed at the comparative analysis of some science names in the language consciousness of Russian and Chinese students. These three areas are united around the names of the days of the week, the names of professions and the names of scientific disciplines. Language consciousness is defined as a concept fixing the relationship between changes in meanings and personal senses of words, on the one hand, and external (social) and internal (mental) factors of language functioning, on the other hand. The experiment involved 104 Russian and 100 Chinese students. The analysis of the material was based on the authors’ method of semantic-thematic grouping of associations with their subsequent analysis. As the analysis and comparison of the reactions of Chinese and Russian students to the same stimuli complexes showed, all of them are influenced by both internal and external factors. Images of the language consciousness are formed under the influence of socio-cultural factors (school curriculum and educational system in general) and emotional-personal factors (evaluation of these sciences as interesting, complicated, etc.). The images of the language consciousness behind the names of sciences “consist” of knowledge about the objects of these sciences (however, often distorted and even incorrect), about the ways of acquiring knowledge and about the place where this cognition process takes place. The images of the language consciousness of Chinese students comprise a substantial evaluative component, reflecting the difficulty of the sciences and almost non-existent in the language consciousness of Russian students. We emphasize that all these ideas do not go beyond the ordinary ones and have almost nothing to do with the actual situation. This state of affairs takes place, of course, because our participants are not professionally engaged in these types of activities, although they have an “external” view of them obtained through school education.
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Pavlova, Daria S. "COSMETOLOGINYAAND ADVOKATESSA: THE FUTURE OR THE REALITY OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE?" PHILOLOGICAL STUDIES 18, n. 2 (2020): 178–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/1857-6060-2020-18-2-178-186.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article is devoted to feminitives as a linguistic phenomenon studied by gender linguistics. A large number of new feminitives in modern Russian language denotes the relevance of specific names for females, despite the tendency to use masculine words as general words in official speech. The most frequent feminitives are the names of female persons by profession or occupation. The results of a pilot experiment aimed at detecting the use of feminitives when referring to women of certain professions are presented. All data is divided into several groups. The first group consists of professions with a more frequent use of feminitives than names in the masculine grammatical gender.The second group is the one where some of the feminitives are found in dictionaries labeled “colloquial”. The third group includes cases when feminitives exist, but the respondents formed them in a different way using frequency derivational models.
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Smirnova, Ludmila. "Evaluative Potential of Nouns in the Russian Language". Izvestia of Smolensk State University, n. 1 (53) (12 aprile 2021): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2021-53-1-61-76.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Specifying evaluation expression through the words representing differ-ent parts of speech, the article considers the evaluative potential of nouns and explores a possible correlation between the semantic and grammatical charac-teristics of substantive words, as well as their ability to play the role of evalua-tive qualification means. The author of the article makes a supposition that the noun has the greatest evaluative potential. The article reviews the capability of nouns that belong to different lexi-cogrammatical classes (proper, collective, material, abstract, and personal ones) for including an evaluative component of meaning into their semantics. It identifies the most important groups among the mass of evaluative units –the nouns having the meaning of person or a collective of persons or abstract nouns. The author notes that the thematic grouping, the character of connota-tions inherent in some groups of collective nouns, proper names, and common-language metaphors reflect the ethnic axiological reference points for assessing the qualities of a person.Opportunities for using substantive words in the evaluative function graphically demonstrate that only nouns can become proprial units. Names with evaluative connotations turn into symbols, which bring up evaluative associa-tions within the space of national culture.Ability of the noun to convey the evaluative signal is supported by the abundance and variety of suffixes that impart the evaluative component to de-rivative substantive words.The noun special status as a tool for generating the evaluative pragmat-ics of an utterance is supported by its syntactic multifunctionality.By denoting values, anti-values, and specific ethnic concepts, nouns play the main role in the verbalization of the national axiological hierarchy. They reflect the newly appearing realities and denominate the new meaningful no-tions of social life.
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Cooper, Brian. "Russian Names for some Grass and Bamboo Species". Slavonica 15, n. 1 (aprile 2009): 48–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174581409x410466.
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Wei, Yu. "Peculiarities of the structural organization of financial terms in modern Chinese and Russian languages (comparative aspect)". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Humanitarian Series 66, n. 3 (5 agosto 2021): 327–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/2524-2369-2021-66-3-327-332.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article deals with the features of the formal and structural organization of financial terms and designations in the Russian and Chinese languages of different structures, as well as the problems of distinguishing between one-word and names consisting of several words in the Chinese language. Special attention is paid to the problem of the correspondence of Chinese characters to the significant parts of the nominative unit and the division of Chinese financial names into significant structural fragments (morphemes, parts of complex and compound words, names consisting of several words, etc.). The main structural types of financial names in Russian (one-word and consisting of several words) and Chinese (simple, synthetic and consisting of several words) languages are identified, the differences of abbreviated names in Russian and Chinese languages are shown, the quantitative relations of the structural types of Russian and Chinese financial names are considered.
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Telpov, Roman Evgenyevich, e Lu Van. "Phraseological units, containing food names, in Russian and Chinese linguistic cultures". Development of education, n. 2 (4) (27 giugno 2019): 49–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-32404.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article provides a comparative analysis of Proverbs containing the names of food and expressing the specific characteristics of Russian and Chinese linguocultures. As a source of material of Russian proverbs and sayings containing the names of food, the dictionary «Proverbs and sayings of the Russian people» by V. I. Dahl is used. The analysis of proverbs and sayings of the Russian language, contained in the dictionary of V. I. Dahl, as well as their comparison with Chinese proverbs and sayings allows us to add new details to the gastronomic picture of the world that has developed in the two folks and have been consolidated in the language.
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Kalle, Marina I. "Key names in the Russian culture in textbooks of Russian as a foreign language: A linguostatistical analysis". Izvestia: Herzen University Journal of Humanities & Sciences, n. 198 (2020): 193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.33910/1992-6464-2020-198-193-201.
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Dmitrieva, Anastasia V. "Precedent Names in Russian Political Advertising: Representation of Value-Based Standards and Cultural Symbols". Вопросы Ономастики 18, n. 2 (2021): 177–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2021.18.2.025.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article considers the specificity of precedent proper names as universal value-based standards and cultural symbols in the texts of Russian political advertisement. The axiological aspect is at the core of the pragmatic impact made by political advertising on the target audience. The research material involves political advertising texts issued during presidential and parliamentary campaigns in Russia in 1993–2018. The author distinguishes between the notions of ‘standard’ and ‘symbol’ as ways of conveying value-based meanings. In the first case, it is the connotative use of proper names and the “rating scale” of evaluation that matter the most. In the second case, both denotative and connotative ways of using precedent names are possible while the rating features are optional. Moreover, unlike names-standards, symbolic names express a particular idea implicitly, not explicitly. Precedent names with value meanings can be rendered both verbally and by means of precedent visual phenomena having an associative link with onomastic units. A significant role in forming value-based connotations is played by the context in which proper names are used. The study has allowed to reveal the following axiological categories represented by precedent names and non-verbal signs: standards of hero, heroic deed, creator, scientist, positive traits of character and beauty; symbols of heroism, patriotism, Russian culture and art. It is demonstrated that proper names connected with the latter three values are most frequent in Russian political advertising texts. A special role is played by names associated with the Great Patriotic War and space exploration as well as names conveying orthodox values.
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Szetela, Victor, e Petr V. Moroslin. "WAYS OF TRANSLATING NAMES OF WEAPONS IN THE HENRYK SIENKIEWICZ’S NOVEL “PAN WOŁODYJOWSKI”". RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics 10, n. 2 (15 dicembre 2019): 451–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2019-10-2-451-456.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article attempts to describe the ways of translating the names of weapons into Russian, which were used by the Polish writer Henryk Sienkiewicz in his historical novel “Pan Wołodyjowski”. The variety of Polish names of cold weapons, which the characters of the novel used, had to receive a corresponding translation into Russian. In the article by comparing fragments of Polish and Russian texts featuring such units, it is shown how the terms of the given thematic group were translated into Russian. It is noted that these units are able to reflect the colouring of the author`s language and the region the action takes place in. In many cases these borrowings as well as other foreign-language inclusions are the findings of a translator, and often have the character of innovation in Russian language text.