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1
Hernell, Olle, e Lars Bläckberg. "Human milk bile salt-stimulated lipase: Functional and molecular aspects". Journal of Pediatrics 125, n. 5 (novembre 1994): S56—S61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3476(06)80737-7.
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Thiel, Karen Smith. "New Developments in Public Health Case Law". Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 31, S4 (2003): 86–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2003.tb00764.x.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In recent years, public health law has seen some important court decisions. Those are presented below.In Pelman v. McDonaldS Corporation, the court dismissed a complaint filed by three children who claimed that McDonald’s practices in making and selling its products were deceptive. This deception, the children alleged, caused them to consume McDonald’s products with great frequency and become obese, thereby injuring their health. The plaintiffs pled five causes of action against McDonald’s, alleging that McDonald’s: 1) failed to adequately disclose the ingredients and health effects of its products and described their food as nutritious without disclosing detrimental health effects; 2) engaged in marketing techniques geared toward inducing children to consume their products; 3) acted negligently in selling foods high in fat, cholesterol, salt, and sugar when studies show that foods containing these ingredients cause obesity and detrimental health effects; 4) failed to warn consumers of the quantity and qualities of levels of fat, cholesterol, salt, and sugar in its products or of the detrimental health effects of such foods; and 5) acted negligently in marketing foods that were physically and psychologically addictive.
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Blanco-Metzler, Adriana, Hilda Núñez-Rivas, Jaritza Vega-Solano, María A. Montero-Campos, Karla Benavides-Aguilar e Nazareth Cubillo-Rodríguez. "Household Cooking and Eating out: Food Practices and Perceptions of Salt/Sodium Consumption in Costa Rica". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n. 3 (29 gennaio 2021): 1208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031208.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This research aims to study the food practices and perceptions related to excessive consumption of salt/sodium when cooking and eating outside the home in a study population representing the wide intergenerational and sociocultural diversity of Costa Rica. Key communities from around the country, cultural experts, and key informants were selected. Four qualitative research techniques were applied. Data was systematized based on the Social Ecological Model. Women are generally in charge of cooking and family food purchases. Salt is perceived as a basic ingredient, used in small amounts that can be reduced—but not eliminated—when cooking. Changes in food preparations and emotions associated with the consumption of homemade food with salt were identified. The population likes to eat out, where the establishments selected depend mainly on age group and income. Beyond cultural and geographical differences, age aspects are suggested as being the main differentiators, in terms of use of salt, seasonings, and condiments in the preparation of food at home, the recipes prepared, and the selection of establishments in which to eat out. The deeply rooted values and meanings associated with salt in food indicate that the implementation of salt reduction strategies in Costa Rica is challenging.
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Fletcher, Reginald J., Ian P. Bell e Janet P. Lambert. "Public health aspects of food fortification: a question of balance". Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 63, n. 4 (novembre 2004): 605–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns2004391.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Micronutrient malnutrition is widespread throughout the world, with important health and economic consequences. Tools to address this situation include food fortification, supplementation and dietary diversification, each having different and complementary roles. Fortification (mandatory and voluntary) has been practised over several decades in Western countries as well as in developing countries. Iodised salt was introduced in the USA in 1924 to reduce severe I deficiency. In 1938 voluntary enrichment of flours and breads with niacin and Fe was initiated to reduce the incidence of pellagra and Fe-deficiency anaemia respectively. Micronutrient intakes in European countries appear to be generally adequate for most nutrients. However, a number of population subgroups are at higher risk of suboptimal intakes (below the lower reference nutrient intake) for some micronutrients, e.g. folate, Fe, Zn and Ca in children, adolescents and young women. Dietary surveys indicate that fortified foods play a role in mitigating such risks for several important nutrients. The number of foods suited to fortification are considerably limited by several factors, including technological properties (notably moisture, pH and O2permeability), leading to unacceptable taste and appearance, as well as cost and consumer expectations. In countries in which voluntary fortification is widely practised micronutrient intakes are considerably below tolerable upper intake levels. Concerns about safety are addressed in relation to the potentially increased level or proportion of fortified foods (e.g. following potential EU legislation), for nutrients with relatively low tolerable upper intake levels and where the potential benefit and risks are in different subpopulations (e.g. folic acid). Recent models for assessing these issues are discussed.
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Fong, Ben Y. F., Wang-Kin Chiu, Wendy F. M. Chan e Ting Yu Lam. "A Review Study of a Green Diet and Healthy Ageing". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n. 15 (29 luglio 2021): 8024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18158024.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Nowadays people are living longer, and there has been a substantial growth in the global elderly population in the past decades. While life expectancy is increasing, there are growing concerns towards the heavy financial and social burdens related to chronic diseases among the elderly. These have been critical health care issues, and healthy ageing is considered a top priority in public health. Diet and eating habits are crucial factors contributing to healthy ageing. These important aspects have attracted much attention in health research, particularly in consideration of the causes and management of chronic conditions which affect most elder adults in the world. Recently, a growing number of investigations have reported significant findings on the association of reduction in the risks of chronic non-communicable diseases with plant-based diets. Meanwhile, there have been worldwide initiatives and programmes implemented for reduction of salt intake. A green diet, which emphasises the consumption of a diet rich in plant foods with minimal portions of red or processed meat and reduced salt intake, is advocated with due consideration to the importance of sustainable environment and healthy ageing. This paper highlights a brief review of the recent advance of knowledge in diet and health, its effects on the elderly and the significance of a green diet on healthy ageing. Implications for a green diet and recommendations for future research are also discussed.
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Dickerson, Roland N. "Hyponatremia in Neurosurgical Patients: Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone or Cerebral Salt Wasting Syndrome?" Hospital Pharmacy 37, n. 12 (dicembre 2002): 1336–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001857870203701210.
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Nutritional Support Consultant features issues pertinent to the clinical aspects of pharmacy nutrition support practice. The column is edited by Dr. Roland Dickerson, Associate Professor of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN.
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Mabel, Hilary. "Worth Our Salt: Reflections of an Early Career Clinical Ethicist". American Journal of Bioethics 20, n. 3 (27 febbraio 2020): 39–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2020.1714807.
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Levy, L. B. "Dietary strategies, policy and cardiovascular disease risk reduction in England". Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 72, n. 4 (10 luglio 2013): 386–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665113001328.
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Diet-related chronic diseases are major public health concerns in England and the associated costs to the National Health Service and society are considerable. Poor diet and other lifestyle factors are estimated to account for about one-third of all deaths from CVD in England. UK dietary recommendations were set by the Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy and are now set by the Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition. For cardiovascular health, dietary recommendations are set for nutrients (saturated fat, trans-fat and carbohydrates), foods (fruits, vegetables and oily fish) and salt. The National Diet and Nutrition Survey demonstrates that the majority of the UK population have poor diets. Average intakes of saturated fat and salt are above recommendations while fruit, vegetables, fibre and oily fish are below recommendations. The Department of Health in England is committed to working to improve diet and lifestyle. Current work includes the Public Health Responsibility Deal, under which organisations pledge to increase fruits and vegetables and reduce levels of salt, trans-fat and energy in manufactured foods and menus, the provision of information to help improve food choice through better food labels and provision of information, including a NHS Choices website and the social marketing campaign Change4Life.
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Silva, Larissa Morais Ribeiro da, Ana Cristina da Silva Morais, Maria Micheline Teixeira Lopes, Hordênia Chagas Azevedo Gomes, Laura Hill, Giselle Almada Cruz, Evânia Altina Teixeira de Figueiredo e Juliane Doering Gasparin Carvalho. "Comparative study between animal cheese and similar vegetable: physicochemical, microbiological and sensory aspects". Research, Society and Development 9, n. 4 (22 marzo 2020): e127942956. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i4.2956.
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Minas Frescal cheese has wide acceptance and it is part of many Brazilians' typical diet. However, it was observed that there is an increase in the search for similar products of vegetable origin, due to health problems related to the intake of dairy products. This research aimed to evaluate the potential replacement of Minas cheese by the similar vegetable cheese - tofu. Two brands of Minas Frescal Cheese (MC) and two of similar vegetable product (VS) (tofu), were assessed based on microbiological, physicochemical and sensory parameters. All samples are in accordance with the microbiological standards of Brazilian law. The pH was around 6.0. The samples MC1 and MC2 had high levels of acidity and lipids, while the VS1 and VS2 had high levels of protein. Samples with high moisture content were also the least firm (VS1 and MC1).The general acceptance of attributes was satisfactory for samples MC1 and MC2, which would be bought and consumed, while the opposite was true with VS1 and VS2. All samples were considered to have a salt level below the ideal level. The samples MC1 and VS1 assessed were less firm than the ideal level, while samples MC2 and VS2 were firmer than the ideal level. Tofu was not accepted as a substitute for Minas Frescal Cheese by consumers. It requires optimization of texture and salt level in order to fulfill this purpose. However, Tofu presented an advantage in relation to its low fat level and high protein level.
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Toma, Bogdan Florin, Razvan Socolov, Ovidiu Popa, Demetra Socolov, Irina Nica, Maricel Agop, Decebal Vasincu, Mihaela Grigore e Lacramioara Ochiuz. "Prospects and Challenges of the Drug Delivery Systems in Endometriosis Pain Management: Experimental and Theoretical Aspects". Journal of Immunology Research 2021 (15 dicembre 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2727174.
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Endometriosis is considered a serious public health issue because of the large number of females affected by this illness. Chronic pain management in patients with endometriosis demands new strategies to increase the life quality of these patients. The development of drug delivery systems represents a new approach in pain treatment among endometriosis patients. Diclofenac sodium, one of the most utilized nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), has its own limitations when being used in formulas such as oral, parental, or local applications. In this paper, a series of four drug release formulations based on chitosan, 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde, and diclofenac sodium salt were prepared in view of the investigation of the drug release ability. The formulations were analyzed from a morphological and supramolecular point of view by scanning electron microscopy and polarized light microscopy. The in vitro drug release ability was investigated by mimicking a physiologic environment. A mathematical model, using the fractal paradigm of motion, is utilized to explain the behaviors of the drug delivery system presented in this paper. These results suggest a great potential of the proposed drug delivery system, based on chitosan and 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde to improve the diclofenac sodium salt bioavailability, and it may represent a future treatment formula for endometriosis pain.
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Miotto, Karen, Joan Striebel, Arthur K. Cho e Christine Wang. "Clinical and pharmacological aspects of bath salt use: A review of the literature and case reports". Drug and Alcohol Dependence 132, n. 1-2 (settembre 2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.06.016.
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Tsikunib, Aminet D., Fatima N. Ezlyu, Ruzanna R. Shartan e Aminat A. Alimkhanova. "Physiological and hygienic validation of the health benefits of garlic salt to prevent arterial hypertension". Hygiene and sanitation 101, n. 4 (30 aprile 2022): 425–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2022-101-4-425-432.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introduction. From hygienic point of view, the consumption of table salt (TS) neither below nor above the physiological norm is relevant to ensure normal biochemical processes of sodium metabolism in the body. The aim of the study was a physiological and hygienic validation of the health benefits of Adyghe garlic salt (GS), made by using traditional technology, for optimizing the level of NaCl consumption and prevention arterial hypertension. Materials and methods. Seventy-one adolescent girl aged 12-15 years and 124 women aged 38.5±4.2 years of Adyg nationality took part in the studies. The attitude to GS and the level of its consumption were revealed by the method of focus groups, questionnaires and analysis of 3-day diets. Blood pressure indicators were determined by the oscillometric method, the content of albumin in morning urine - by the ICA method, the taste sensitivity threshold to salt (STST) - by the density measurement method, the efficiency of achieving a salty taste when using GS - by the tasting analysis method. Results. Adolescent girls and women from families regularly using garlic salt (GS) in home cooking have been found to have low levels of NaCl consumption (LLNaClC). In families that do not use GS in practice, a high level of NaCl consumption (HLCNaCl) is detected. The STST values are reliably lower in LLNaClC groups . GS compared to TS is more effective in achieving salty taste by 23.2±1.84%. In the group of women with LLNaClC, blood pressure indices are lower, microalbuminuria is not detected. Limitations. To substantiate the effectiveness of the use of GS to optimize the level of NaCl consumption and to carry out prevention of arterial hypertension, we took only female persons of the Adyghe nationality as participants of research. In the future, it is planned to expand research taking into account gender and national aspects. Conclusion. GS reduces the NaCl consumption without disturbing hedonistic perception of taste. Increasing public awareness of the benefits of GS in achieving salty taste and its widespread introduction into the modern nutritional system of various populations can be an effective hygienic approach to optimizing NaCl consumption, and reducing the risk of arterial hypertension.
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Singh, Madhu B., Ranjana Fotedar e J. Lakshminarayana. "Micronutrient deficiency status among women of desert areas of western Rajasthan, India". Public Health Nutrition 12, n. 5 (maggio 2009): 624–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980008002395.
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AbstractObjectiveTo assess the magnitude of three micronutrient deficiency disorders (iron, vitamin A and iodine), nutritional deficiencies and their association with related factors.Material and MethodsUsing the three-stage sampling technique, a study was conducted in twenty-eight villages of Jodhpur district. A total of 1193 women, 384 pregnant, 400 lactating and 409 non-pregnant non-lactating controls (15 years and above, women who have not attained their family status) were examined for three micronutrient deficiency disorders, nutritional deficiencies, dietary and associated factors.ResultsMajority of the women were anaemic. Anaemia was higher among pregnant and lactating women (80·7 %). Severe anaemia was three-fold higher among pregnant and lactating women in comparison to controls (4·1 %). Vitamin A deficiency was observed to be higher among pregnant women (8·8 %). A high proportion of women (80·8 %) consumed salt, having inadequate iodine content. Median urinary iodine values were less in pregnant and lactating women than the WHO cut-off points. Consumption of pulses and legumes was low besides leafy vegetables. Average intake of nutrients showed deficiency of protein and energy, iron and folic acid and vitamin A deficiency. Anaemia and iodine deficiency disorder were found to be inversely proportional to education and income.ConclusionsThe proportion of anaemia in this study was higher in comparison to national-level studies besides the low consumption of normal iodised salt. Only 19 % of salt samples had adequate iodine content, which calls for caution. In addition to iodisation of salt, the study suggests the development of nutritional packages utilising local dietary aspects.
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Grases, Felix, e Antonia Costa-Bauza. "Key Aspects of Myo-Inositol Hexaphosphate (Phytate) and Pathological Calcifications". Molecules 24, n. 24 (4 dicembre 2019): 4434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24244434.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Phytate (myo-inositol hexaphosphate, InsP6) is an important component of seeds, legumes, nuts, and whole cereals. Although this molecule was discovered in 1855, its biological effects as an antinutrient was first described in 1940. The antinutrient effect of phytate results because it can decrease the bioavailability of important minerals under certain circumstances. However, during the past 30 years, researchers have identified many important health benefits of phytate. Thus, 150 years have elapsed since the discovery of phytate to the first descriptions of its beneficial effects. This long delay may be due to the difficulty in determining phytate in biological media, and because phytate dephosphorylation generates many derivatives (InsPs) that also have important biological functions. This paper describes the role of InsP6 in blocking the development of pathological calcifications. Thus, in vitro studies have shown that InsP6 and its hydrolysates (InsPs), as well as pyrophosphate, bisphosphonates, and other polyphosphates, have high capacity to inhibit calcium salt crystallization. Oral or topical administration of phytate in vivo significantly decreases the development of pathological calcifications, although the details of the underlying mechanism are uncertain. Moreover, oral or topical administration of InsP6 also leads to increased urinary excretion of mixtures of different InsPs; in the absence of InsP6 administration, only InsP2 occurs at detectable levels in urine.
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Rangel-Vargas, Esmeralda, Jose Antonio Rodriguez, Rubén Domínguez, José Manuel Lorenzo, Maria Elena Sosa, Silvina Cecilia Andrés, Marcelo Rosmini, José Angel Pérez-Alvarez, Alfredo Teixeira e Eva María Santos. "Edible Mushrooms as a Natural Source of Food Ingredient/Additive Replacer". Foods 10, n. 11 (3 novembre 2021): 2687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10112687.
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Although mushrooms have been exploited since ancient times because of their particular taste and therapeutic properties, the interest in edible species as a source of ingredients and bioactive compounds is recent. Their valuable nutritional contents in protein, dietary fiber and bioactive compounds make them ideal candidates for use in foods in efforts to improve their nutritional profiles. This trend is in line with the consumer’s growing demand for more plant-based foods. The present review paper explores different studies focused on the use of common edible mushrooms as an ingredient and additive replacer by using them in fresh, dried, or even extract forms, as meat, fat, flour, salt, phosphates, and antioxidant replacers. The replacement of meat, fat, flour, and salt by mushrooms from commercial species has been successful despite sensorial and textural parameters can be affected. Moderate concentrations of mushrooms, especially in powder form, should be considered, particularly in non-familiarized consumers. In the case of antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, results are variable, and more studies are necessary to determine the chemical aspects involved.
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Sulistyaningrum, Yasinta Indah, I. Wayan Artana e Alfiery Leda Kio. "Perilaku Penderita Hipertensi di Rumah Sakit X". Nursing News : Jurnal Ilmiah Keperawatan 5, n. 2 (4 agosto 2021): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33366/nn.v5i2.2300.
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The prevalence of hypertension is still high, despite various treatments have been done. The success of hypertension treatment depends on the behavior of people with hypertension during treatment. This study aimed to understand the behavior of hypertensive sufferers at X Hospital which supported or unsupported the health. The qualitative study with phenomenology method was involved six informants. Data collection was done by in-depth interviews, observation, and analysis based on Miles Huberman principals. This research found the behaviors that support the health of hypertension sufferer's are the application of a low salt diet, cessation of cigarette and alcohol consumption, increase in activity and exercise, regulation of sleep and rest needs, application of stress control methods, and hypertension treatment and care. Overall, the informants have implementesd that six behaviors, but in the aspects of treatment and care of hypertension it has not been implemented properly. It is hoped that the nurses in the hospital need to provide education about healthy lifestyle independently that able to lower hypertension and emphasize on the importance of undergoing regular treatment and care to health services
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Nestorowicz, Renata, Ewa Jerzyk e Anna Rogala. "In the Labyrinth of Dietary Patterns and Well-Being—When Eating Healthy Is Not Enough to Be Well". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n. 3 (23 gennaio 2022): 1259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031259.
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This paper aims to identify the relation between food consumption and well-being, and the level of well-being depending on a diet followed. Moreover, we analyze whether people driven by single motives, such as the health, pleasure or social dimension of food declare the lower or higher level of well-being than those motivated by a larger number of factors. The survey was conducted online (CAWI, n = 1067). The following scales were used: Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), Satisfaction with Food-related Life Scale (SWFL), Health Taste Attitude Scales (HTAS) and Social Dimension of Food Meaning. The data analysis was carried out with the application of one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), partial eta squared, a t-Student’s test, the Hochberg test, the Games-Howell test, and Pearson’s correlation. Levels of Subjective Well-Being (SWB) and Food Well-Being (FWB) are strongly correlated with consumers’ dietary pattern. The frequency of consumption of organic food and following vegan, low salt, and low sugar diets leads to higher levels of SWB, while FWB is additionally affected by the regular consumption of low-fat products and foods that improve one’s mood. The level of well-being is linked with the motivation to follow specific diets and attentiveness related to dietary patterns. People paying attention to the health aspects, pleasure and social dimension of food meaning show higher level of FWB than people focusing exclusively on health aspects.
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Doggui, Radhouene, Benjamin JJ McCormick, Laura Caulfield, Kerry Jean Schulze e Laura Murray-Kolb. "Iodine Status and Association With Gut Health: A Multi-Site Birth Cohort Study in Eight Low- and Middle-Income Countries". Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (giugno 2021): 1024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab053_017.
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Abstract Objectives (To 1) describe trends of iodine status among infants from 6–24 mos old and (2) assess associations between iodine status, intestinal permeability, and inflammation from 6–15 mos old. Methods Data from 1565 children enrolled in the MAL-ED birth cohort were included in these analyses from eight sites (Dhaka, Bangladesh (BGD); Fortaleza, Brazil (BRF); Vellore, India (INV); Bhaktapur, Nepal (NEB); Loreto, Peru (PEL); Naushero Feroze, Pakistan (PKN); Venda, South Africa (SAV); and Haydom, Tanzania (TZH)) from enrolment (≤17 d old) to 24 mos old. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was measured at 6, 15, and 24 mos of age using the Sandell-Kolthoff technique. Gut inflammation and permeability were assessed via fecal neopterin (NEO), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and alpha-1-anti-trypsin (AAT) concentrations (monthly in first year and quarterly in second) and the lactulose-mannitol (LM) test (3, 6, 9, 15 mos). The mean of fecal biomarkers available up to 94 days (interquartile range: 92–120) preceding the iodine quantification were used. LM values used were contemporary to the iodine sampling (6 and 15 mos). Frequency of household use of iodized salt (I-salt) was recorded. A multinomial regression analysis was used to assess classified UIC (deficiency or excess). Results I-salt was used in four sites (BGD, BRF, NEB and PEL), but used by fewer than 20% of families in the others. At 6 mos, all sites had adequate (≥100 mg/L) to excess (≥371 mg/L) median UIC. INV had the lowest median UIC (204 μg/L [95%:171–238]) and NEB had the highest (893 μg/L [95%:762–1026]). Between 6–24 mos, five sites displayed a significant decline in the infant's median UIC (BRF, BGD and SAV sites were constant). An increase of NEO concentration and LM ratio by + 1 sd were found to reduce the odds of high UIC by 0.87 [95%:0.78–0.96] and 0.88 [95%:0.79–0.98] respectively. Conclusions Excess UIC was predominant at 6 mos and tended to normalize at 24 mos. Aspects of gut inflammation and increased permeability appear to be protective against high UIC in children aged 6–15 mos. Programs addressing iodine-related health should consider the use and appropriate formulation of I-salt and the role of gut permeability in vulnerable individuals. Funding Sources The MAL-ED study was supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, with grants to the Foundation for the NIH and NIH/FIC.
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Ren, Yuanyuan, Han Sun, Jinquan Deng, Junchao Huang e Feng Chen. "Carotenoid Production from Microalgae: Biosynthesis, Salinity Responses and Novel Biotechnologies". Marine Drugs 19, n. 12 (20 dicembre 2021): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19120713.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Microalgae are excellent biological factories for high-value products and contain biofunctional carotenoids. Carotenoids are a group of natural pigments with high value in social production and human health. They have been widely used in food additives, pharmaceutics and cosmetics. Astaxanthin, β-carotene and lutein are currently the three carotenoids with the largest market share. Meanwhile, other less studied pigments, such as fucoxanthin and zeaxanthin, also exist in microalgae and have great biofunctional potentials. Since carotenoid accumulation is related to environments and cultivation of microalgae in seawater is a difficult biotechnological problem, the contributions of salt stress on carotenoid accumulation in microalgae need to be revealed for large-scale production. This review comprehensively summarizes the carotenoid biosynthesis and salinity responses of microalgae. Applications of salt stress to induce carotenoid accumulation, potentials of the Internet of Things in microalgae cultivation and future aspects for seawater cultivation are also discussed. As the global market share of carotenoids is still ascending, large-scale, economical and intelligent biotechnologies for carotenoid production play vital roles in the future microalgal economy.
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Szakos, Dávid, László Ózsvári e Gyula Kasza. "Perception of Older Adults about Health-Related Functionality of Foods Compared with Other Age Groups". Sustainability 12, n. 7 (1 aprile 2020): 2748. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072748.
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The proportion of older adults in the population is significantly growing in the EU, therefore, wellbeing of the older population has become a social challenge. Functional foodstuffs are food products with nutritional composition that may reduce the risk of diet-related diseases or enhance physiological functions. Therefore, they could play an important role in prevention and mitigation of health-related problems, and in promotion of healthy ageing. The aim of this study is to present the impact of age on consumer preferences about functionality of foods, covering attitude aspects, nutrition claims, possible carriers, some particular health problems and expectations about sustainable production. The results are based on a representative quantitative survey. Findings highlight statistically significant (p < 0.05) differences in preferences of older adults compared to other age segments. They generally accept functional foods, especially when functionality is attached to increased vitamin, protein, and fiber content. Older adults also prefer products with lower salt and sugar content, which were less relevant for other age groups. Products of fruit and vegetable origin are distinguished as carriers of functional traits. Compared to other segments, older adults accept products of animal origin (especially milk products) and even breakfast products on a higher level. The paper provides details about particular health issues that could be addressed by functional foods based on actual consumer concerns.
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Spence, Charles, e Jozef Youssef. "Aging and the (Chemical) Senses: Implications for Food Behaviour Amongst Elderly Consumers". Foods 10, n. 1 (15 gennaio 2021): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10010168.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The growing aging population are increasingly suffering from the negative health consequences of the age-related decline in their senses, especially their chemical senses. Unfortunately, however, unlike for the higher senses of vision and hearing, there is currently nothing that can be done to bring back the chemical senses once they are lost (or have started their inevitable decline). The evidence suggests that such chemosensory changes can result in a range of maladaptive food behaviours, including the addition of more salt and sugar to food and drink in order to experience the same taste intensity while, at the same time, reducing their overall consumption because food has lost its savour. Here, though, it is also important to stress the importance of the more social aspects of eating and drinking, given the evidence suggesting that a growing number of older individuals are consuming more of their meals alone than ever before. Various solutions have been put forward in order to try to enhance the food experience amongst the elderly, including everything from optimising the product-intrinsic food inputs provided to the remaining functional senses through to a variety of digital interventions. Ultimately, however, the aim has to be to encourage healthier patterns of food consumption amongst this rapidly-growing section of the population by optimising the sensory, nutritional, social, and emotional aspects of eating and drinking. An experimental dinner with the residents of one such home where nostalgic-flavoured healthy ice-creams were served is described.
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Pinheiro, Valentina F., Catarina Marçal, Helena Abreu, José A. Lopes da Silva, Artur M. S. Silva e Susana M. Cardoso. "Physicochemical Changes of Air-Dried and Salt-Processed Ulva rigida over Storage Time". Molecules 24, n. 16 (15 agosto 2019): 2955. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24162955.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The impact of air-drying at 25 °C, brining at 25%, and dry-salting (at 28% and 40%) on the quality and nutritional parameters of Ulva rigida were evaluated over six months of storage. Overall, the main changes occurred in physical aspects during storage time, with U. rigida intensifying its yellow/browning tones, which were more evident in salt-treated samples. The force necessary to fracture the seaweed also increased under all the preservative conditions in the first month. Conversely, the nutritional parameters of U. rigida remained stable during the 180 days of storage. All processed samples showed a high content of insoluble and soluble fibers, overall accounting for 55%–57% dw, and of proteins (17.5%–19.2% dw), together with significant amounts of Fe (86–92 mg/kg dw). The total fatty acids pool only accounted for 3.9%–4.3% dw, but it was rich in unsaturated fatty acids (44%–49% total fatty acids), namely palmitoleic (C16:1), oleic (C18:1), linoleic (C18:2), linolenic (C18:3), and stearidonic (18:4) acids, with an overall omega 6/omega 3 ratio below 0.6, a fact that highlights their potential health-promoting properties.
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Patalano, Roberta, Vincenzo De Luca, Jess Vogt, Strahil Birov, Lucia Giovannelli, Giuseppe Carruba, Claudia Pivonello et al. "An Innovative Approach to Designing Digital Health Solutions Addressing the Unmet Needs of Obese Patients in Europe". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n. 2 (12 gennaio 2021): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020579.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the worldwide obesity rate has tripled since 1975. In Europe, more than half of the population is overweight and obese. Around 2.8 million people die each year worldwide as a result of conditions linked to being overweight or obese. This study aimed to analyze the policies, approaches, and solutions that address the social and health unmet needs of obese patients, at different levels, in order to simulate the definition of an integrated approach, and to provide and share examples of innovative solutions supporting health promotion, disease prevention, and integration of services to improve the collaboration between the different health and care stakeholders involved across the country and in the lives of obese patients. A collaborative approach involving various levels of government and regional experts from different European countries was applied to identify, explore, and evaluate different aspects of the topic, from the innovation perspective and focusing on a European and a regional vision. Currently, people prefer more foods rich in fats, sugars, and salt/sodium than fruits, vegetables, and fiber. This behavior leads to a significant negative impact on their health-related quality of life. Changes in healthcare systems, healthy policy, and approaches to patient care and better implementation of the different prevention strategies between all the stakeholders are needed, taking advantage of the digital transformation of health and care. Such changes can support obese patients in their fight against an unhealthy lifestyle and at the same time reduce healthcare costs.
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Lerner, E. Brooke, Richard B. Schwartz, Phillip L. Coule, Eric S. Weinstein, David C. Cone, Richard C. Hunt, Scott M. Sasser et al. "Mass Casualty Triage: An Evaluation of the Data and Development of a Proposed National Guideline". Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 2, S1 (settembre 2008): S25—S34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/dmp.0b013e318182194e.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACTMass casualty triage is a critical skill. Although many systems exist to guide providers in making triage decisions, there is little scientific evidence available to demonstrate that any of the available systems have been validated. Furthermore, in the United States there is little consistency from one jurisdiction to the next in the application of mass casualty triage methodology. There are no nationally agreed upon categories or color designations. This review reports on a consensus committee process used to evaluate and compare commonly used triage systems, and to develop a proposed national mass casualty triage guideline. The proposed guideline, entitled SALT (sort, assess, life-saving interventions, treatment and/or transport) triage, was developed based on the best available science and consensus opinion. It incorporates aspects from all of the existing triage systems to create a single overarching guide for unifying the mass casualty triage process across the United States. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2008;2(Suppl 1):S25–S34)
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Silva, Evandro Manoel da, Hans Raj Gheyi, Reginaldo Gomes Nobre, Lauriane Almeida dos Anjos Soares e Benedito Ferreira Bonifácio. "Saline waters and nitrogen/potassium fertilization combinations on physiological aspects and production of West Indian cherry". Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 16, n. 6 (23 novembre 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2780.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study evaluated the influence of combinations of nitrogen and potassium doses on the physiology and fruit production of West Indian cherry irrigated with waters of different salinities in the second year of cultivation. The experiment was conducted in the municipality of Pombal-PB, Brazil, in plastic containers adapted as lysimeters installed in the field, in a randomized block design, 5 x 4 factorial scheme corresponding to five levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (ECw): 0.3, 1.3, 2.3, 3.3 and 4.3 dS m-1, and four combinations of nitrogen and potassium fertilization: 70% N + 50% K2O; 100% N + 75% K2O; 130% N + 100% K2O and 160% N + 125% K2O of the dose recommended for West Indian cherry, with three replicates and one plant per plot. The cv. ‘Flor Branca’ was grafted on the cv. ‘Junco’, between 420 and 550 days after transplanting. Nitrogen and potassium combinations did not mitigate the deleterious effects of water salinity on the physiology and fruit formation of West Indian cherry. An increase in ECw intensifies the intercellular electrolyte leakage and reduces the water potential in the branch, chlorophyll content in the leaves, CO2 assimilation rate, equatorial and polar diameters as well as the mass of fruits. Fertilization of plants with 70% N + 50% of K2O, compared to the other fertilization combinations, causes less intercellular electrolyte leakage and promotes higher CO2 assimilation rates, higher chlorophyll content in leaves, and fruits of larger size and mass.
Keywords: Malpighia emarginata D. C, mineral fertilization, salt stress.
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Gaberšček, Simona, e Katja Zaletel. "Epidemiological trends of iodine-related thyroid disorders: an example from Slovenia". Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 67, n. 2 (1 giugno 2016): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2725.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractThe epidemiology of thyroid disorders is significantly associated with iodine supply. In 1999, Slovenia increased iodine content in kitchen salt from 10 mg to 25 mg of potassium iodide per kg of salt. According to the WHO criteria, Slovenia shifted from a mildly iodine-deficient country to a country with adequate iodine intake. Ten years after the increase in iodine intake, the incidence of diffuse goitre and thyroid autonomy decreased. Now patients with diffuse goitre and thyroid autonomy reach older age than the patients before the increase in iodine intake. In addition, patients with thyroid autonomy are less frequently hyperthyroid than ten years ago and iodine-induced hyperthyroidism is less severe. The incidence of highly malignant thyroid carcinoma has also dropped. However, the incidence of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis increased, most probably in genetically predisposed individuals. Over the last ten years, many animal and in vitro studies evaluated the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) on various aspects of the thyroid function. They mostly studied the effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dioxins, brominated flame retardants, phthalates, bisphenol A, perfluorinated chemicals, and perchlorate. However, human studies on the effects of EDCs on the thyroid function are very scarce, especially the long-term ones. What they do suggest is that PCBs and dioxins interfere with the transport of thyroid hormones and adversely affect the thyroid function. Many authors agree that iodine deficiency predisposes the thyroid gland to harmful effects of EDCs. Therefore the effects of EDCs in iodine-deficient areas could be more severe than in areas with adequate iodine intake.
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Sharma, Renuka, e Himanshi Kaushik. "Micro-plastics: An invisible danger to human health". CGC International Journal of Contemporary Technology and Research 3, n. 2 (17 luglio 2021): 182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.46860/cgcijctr.2021.06.31.182.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Microplastics are small plastic pieces ranging between the size of 1-5 micrometre (µm). Because of their small size and their continuity, it has the potential to spread throughout all parts of our environment. These are ubiquitous environmental contaminants leading to inevitable human exposure. It can enter our bodies through ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact. It has already been found in various human foods, beers, drinking water, honey, seafood, sugar, table salt etc. It is demonstrated that marine organisms including zooplanktons, bivalves, crustaceans, worms, fish, reptiles etc. ingest microplastic. Around 2% to 40% of fishes were found to be contaminated with microplastic. It can reach our stomach and due to its size , these are either excreted, get entrapped in intestinal lining and stomach or move freely in body fluids like blood, thereby reaching various organs and tissues of body. To tackle this serious issue of microplastic pollution in environment and in human health, various effective policies must take under consideration all stages of lifecycle of plastic connecting producers to users and ultimately to waste managers. Thus, we have to seem for potential effects of microplastics in living beings, which specializes in the pathways of toxicity and exposure, way to reduce microplastic pollution, sources of invisible plastics. Present work was conducted to explore the possible threats of micro as well as nanoplastic particles to humanity as well as to our ecosystem. Under this study we summarized various aspects of this critical issue, which provide better scientific knowledge for future research.
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Adamu, Faggo Abdullahi, Hartinie Marbawi, Ahmad Razi Othman, Nur Adeela Yasid e Mohd Yunus Shukor. "Kinetic Analysis of the Adsorption of Lead(II) onto an Antarctic Sea-Ice Bacterial Exopolysaccharide". Journal of Environmental Bioremediation and Toxicology 5, n. 1 (5 agosto 2022): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.54987/jebat.v5i1.674.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Hypertension and kidney impairment are two of the many adult health problems that have been related to lead exposure. Women who are expecting a child are especially susceptible to the dangers of lead since it can have devastating consequences on the developing embryo. Existing techniques for the remediation of lead pollutant include membrane separation, ion exchange, precipitation and biosorption. Of all of this technology, biosorption has several positive aspects which include low operating expenses, very efficient detoxification of toxicants at low concentrations and low amount of disposal materials. The biosorption of the biosorption of lead(II) onto an Antarctic sea-ice bacterial exopolysaccharide is remodeled using nonlinear regression and the optimal mode was determined by a series of error function assessments. Statistical analysis showed that the best kinetic model for adsorption in salt-free water was pseudo-1st order while the best kinetic model for adsorption in seawater was pseudo-2nd order model. All error function analyses also supported these two best models. The kinetic constants values for salt-free water and seawater shows large difference in terms of adsorption in salt-free water and seawater. A higher equilibrium biosorption capacity for lead (II) or qe values were exhibited for both k1 and k2 rate constants in sea water indicating a more efficient adsorption in seawater. Adsorption in seawater increased the qe values from 51.11 (mg/g) (95% confidence interval from 49.75 to 52.44) to 92.98 (mg/g) (95% C.I. from 91.01 to 94.95) In addition, the h value, (mg/g.min) indicates a stronger driving force to accelerate the diffusion of adsorbate from seawater onto the adsorbent. The results suggest fundamental difference of sorption mechanism and functional groups are involved in salt-free and seawater.
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Guerrero, L., J. Gelabert, M. D. Guardia, P. Gou, J. Arnau, R. Shepherd e P. Sparks. "Actitud de los consumidores frente a los productos cárnicos con un menor contenido en sodio". Food Science and Technology International 4, n. 4 (agosto 1998): 263–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108201329800400405.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Food choice and food purchase are complex phenomena influenced not only by the sensorial char acteristics of the product and its price, but also by other factors such as consumer attitudes towards the product. In this study the model of planned behavior of Ajzen was used to measure consumer attitudes towards low salt meat products. A 48-item questionnaire was completed in by 112 consumers representing different sociodemographic levels. The results obtained showed that the beliefs were not completely unitary and only health- and taste-related beliefs significantly improved attitude prediction. Perceived control was the most important aspect in explaining the behavioral intention of the consumers despite its relatively low consistency. Attitude and the subjective norm also had a significant effect on intention. Sociodemographic parameters clearly divided the consumers in several components of the model, the sex of the individuals being the most important aspect. The predictive ability of the model was clearly different depending on whether separation of the consumers by sex and indirect measures of attitude and subjective norm were taken into account. The model of planned behavior proved to be effective in predicting consumers' behavioral intention. However, there are some aspects of this model such as the biased measurement of attitude and consistency of perceived control which need further improvement.
30
Walker, Ruth B., Jennifer A. Conn, Michael J. Davies e Vivienne M. Moore. "Mothers' views on feeding infants around the time of weaning". Public Health Nutrition 9, n. 6 (settembre 2006): 707–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2005915.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractObjectiveTo describe women's views about aspects of infants' diets around the time of weaning, making comparisons with national guidelines.DesignA survey of women with a 9-month-old child.SettingAdelaide, South Australia.SubjectsFive hundred and five women who joined a longitudinal study during pregnancy.ResultsSources of information varied, with written material most commonly used (37%). Cows' milk was considered suitable as the main drink for weaned infants by 14% of women. There were divergent views about the suitability of eggs, with many women concerned about allergy. The majority of women (84%) viewed fruit juice as suitable although many qualified their response, often by stating that fruit juice should be diluted. Almost all women considered the amount of sugar mattered, primarily because of tooth decay, and that salt mattered although the reason was often uncertain. It was widely believed (77%) that additives in food could cause health problems, in particular hyperactivity and allergies, and half of the women reported avoiding specific foods because of concerns about allergies. Many women thought that giving their child food that was high in fat would encourage a liking for ‘junk’ food or lead to fatness in adulthood.ConclusionsThere is considerable diversity in the views women express about aspects of infant feeding that have been the subject of guidelines. Further health promotion efforts are needed to achieve greater consistency with recommendations and to address other concerns women have. This will entail greater engagement with parents and shared development of responses.
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Tan, Paulina Pei Suu, Ryand Singh Sandhu, Shamsul Mohd Zain, Deborah Hall, Ngiap Chuan Tan, Hooi Min Lim, Faiz Daud e Yuh-Fen Pung. "Health motivations and perceived barriers are determinants of self-care behaviour for the prevention of hypertension in a Malaysian community". PLOS ONE 17, n. 12 (7 dicembre 2022): e0278761. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278761.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introduction Self-care behaviour is fundamental in preventing hypertension in the general population. According to the Health Belief Model, health beliefs and perceptions influence the success in adopting disease prevention strategies. While factors influencing hypertension self-care behaviour have been examined previously in patient populations, they have not been assessed in the general community. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted between 12 June 2020 to 26 July 2021. An online survey was administered via email and social media to Malaysians in the Selangor and Kuala Lumpur communities. Respondents were over 18 years old, without a formal diagnosis of hypertension. The survey evaluated hypertension knowledge, Health Belief Model constructs, self-care behaviour frequency, and motivators and barriers to self-care behaviour. Multiple linear regression was performed to determine the main predictors of self-care behaviour, and descriptive statistics were used to characterise motivators and barriers of each self-care behaviour. Results Only health motivations (β = 0.217, p < 0.001) and perceived barriers (β = 0.571, p < 0.001) significantly influenced self-care behaviour. Maintaining a healthy diet, regular physical activity and blood pressure checks need to be improved in the community, particularly in reducing salt and calorie intake. Lack of time, limited choices and laziness are the biggest challenges that need to be tackled in adopting a healthy diet and an active lifestyle in the community. Many are ignorant towards their health status, therefore, do not prioritize blood pressure screenings, suggesting a need to enhance community blood pressure checks for early diagnosis of hypertension. Conclusion and implications Motivations and barriers were the main determinants of self-care behaviour in the Selangor and Kuala Lumpur community. Targeting these aspects of self-care behaviour should be considered when developing interventions and education programmes tailored to local cultural, environmental and personal factors, to more effectively reduce the hypertension prevalence and burden.
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Temple, Norman J. "Strategic nutrition: a vision for the twenty-first century". Public Health Nutrition 19, n. 1 (2 febbraio 2015): 164–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980014003292.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractIt is now widely accepted that poor nutrition plays a major role in the epidemic of various diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes and CVD. There has also been much research regarding the role of related factors such as advertising and food prices. Many intervention studies have been carried out where attempts have been made to persuade people to modify their behaviour, such as by making dietary changes, in order to enhance health (health promotion). There has also been much debate on the potential of government policy as a tool for achieving these goals. Various proposals have been made, such as a tax on sugary drinks, the redirection of food subsidies and how the salt content of food can be reduced. However, the great majority of previous papers have considered only single aspects of the topics discussed here. The present paper reviews strategies for improving public health, both health promotion interventions and the use of government policy approaches. Topics discussed include providing advice for the general population and the design of food guides and food labels. This leads to the conclusion that we need an overall strategy that integrates this diverse body of information and formulates a comprehensive action plan. I propose the term ‘strategic nutrition’. The implementation of this plan opens up a path to a major advance in public health.
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Allison, S. P. "Integrated nutrition". Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 64, n. 3 (agosto 2005): 319–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns2005438.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
There is no branch of medicine in which nutritional considerations do not play some part. Overnutrition, undernutrition or unbalanced nutrition are the major causes of ill health in the world. Conversely, illness causes important nutritional and metabolic problems. The spectrum from lack to excess of nutrients is seamless as a clinical and scientific discipline, the two extremes being linked by the Barker effect by which intrauterine malnutrition and low birth weight predispose to obesity, diabetes and CVD in later life. However, the teaching of nutrition in medical and nursing schools remains sparse. Nutritional care cannot be practised satisfactorily in isolation from other aspects of management, since factors such as drugs, surgery and fluid and electrolyte balance affect nutritional status. Nutritional treatment may also have adverse or beneficial effects according to the composition, amount and mode of delivery of the diet and the clinical context in which it is given. Any benefits of nutritional support may also be negated by shortcomings in other aspects of treatment and must therefore be fully integrated into overall care. One example of this approach is the enhanced recovery after a surgery protocol incorporating immediate pre-operative carbohydrate and early post-operative oral intake with strict attention to zero fluid balance, epidural analgesia and early mobilisation. Other examples include the deleterious effect on surgical outcome of salt and water overload or hyperglycaemia, either of which may negate the benefits of nutritional support. There is a need, therefore, to integrate clinical nutrition more closely, not just into medical and surgical practice, but also into the organisation of health services in the hospital and the community, and into the training of doctors and nurses. Societies originally devoted to parenteral and enteral nutrition need to widen their scope to embrace wider aspects of clinical nutrition.
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Méjean, Caroline, Pierre Traissac, Sabrina Eymard-Duvernay, Francis Delpeuch e Bernard Maire. "Influence of acculturation among Tunisian migrants in France and their past/present exposure to the home country on diet and physical activity". Public Health Nutrition 12, n. 6 (giugno 2009): 832–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980008003285.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractObjectiveTo study how dietary patterns and physical activity vary with acculturation and with past and current exposure to socio-cultural norms of the home country among Tunisian migrants.DesignA retrospective cohort study was conducted using quota sampling (n 150) based on age and residence. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated FFQ. Physical activity level and dietary aspects were compared according to length of residence (acculturation), age at migration (past exposure) and social ties with the home country (current exposure).Subjects and settingTunisian migrant men residing in the South of France.ResultsMigrants who had lived in France for more than 9 years had a higher percentage contribution of meat to energy intake (P = 0·04), a higher Na intake (P = 0·04), a lower percentage contribution of sugar and sweets (P = 0·04) and a lower percentage of carbohydrates (P = 0·03) than short-term migrants. Men who migrated before 21 years of age had a higher Na intake than ‘late’ migrants (P = 0·02). Men who had distant social ties with Tunisia had a lower physical activity level (P = 0·01) whereas men who had close ties had a higher percentage of fat (P = 0·01) and a higher ratio of MUFA to SFA (P = 0·02).ConclusionsAcculturation led to a convergence of some characteristics to those of the host population, while some results (meat and salt consumption) were at variance with other acculturation studies. Past and current exposure to the home country helped maintain some positive aspects of the diet. Nevertheless, present dietary changes in Tunisia could soon lessen these features.
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Buttriss, Judith L. "Food reformulation: the challenges to the food industry". Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 72, n. 1 (11 dicembre 2012): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665112002868.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The role of the food industry (retailers, manufacturers and food service) in helping consumers eat healthily and sustainably has been receiving considerable attention in recent years. This paper focuses on the challenges facing the food industry and the role of food reformulation in meeting these challenges, through the lens of a public health nutritionist. Attention has been heightened by the Government's Responsibility Deal, launched in early 2011 by the Department of Health (England), by the UK's engagement with the global food security and food supply sustainability agendas and by the Government Office of Science's Foresight report. The Responsibility Deal's food network has to date focused on reduction of trans fatty acids, salt and calories and out-of-home calorie labelling (in food service settings). New pledges are expected soon on increasing fruit and vegetable intakes. Reformulation is a major feature of the Responsibility Deal's approach, and along with other approaches such as portion control, choice editing and information provision, there is potential to increase the breadth of healthier choices available to the public. With the exception of fruit and vegetables, the emphasis has been almost exclusively on aspects of the diet that are in excess for many of the population (e.g. energy and salt). Evidence of low consumption of some key micronutrients by some groups of the population, particularly adolescents and young adults, often alongside excess energy intake compared with expenditure, is all too often overlooked. This paper summarises the progress made to date, the challenges faced and the opportunities that exist, with particular focus on reformulation. One of the biggest challenges is the relatively poor understanding of how to effect positive and long-term dietary behaviour change. The paper concludes that, in isolation, reformulation is unlikely to provide a complete solution to the challenge of improving eating patterns and nutrient provision, although it is a contributor.
36
Jooste, PL, N. Upson e KE Charlton. "Knowledge of iodine nutrition in the South African adult population". Public Health Nutrition 8, n. 4 (giugno 2005): 382–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2004696.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractObjectivesTo determine the level of knowledge regarding iodine nutrition and its relationship with socio-economic status in the South African population.DesignA cross-sectional population survey collecting questionnaire information on knowledge of iodine nutrition and sociodemographic variables in a multistage, stratified, cluster study sample, representative of the adult South African population.SettingHome visits and personal interviews in the language of the respondent.SubjectsData were collected from one adult in each of the selected 2164 households, and the participation rate was 98%.ResultsOnly 15.4% of respondents correctly identified iodised salt as the primary dietary source of iodine, 16.2% knew the thyroid gland needs iodine for its functioning, and a mere 3.9% considered brain damage, and 0.8% considered cretinism, as the most important health consequence of iodine deficiency. Compared with respondents from high socio-economic households, respondents from low socio-economic households were considerably less informed about aspects of iodine nutrition covered in this study.ConclusionsThe knowledge level of iodine nutrition is low among South Africans, particularly among the low socio-economic groups. These data suggest that the international emphasis on brain damage resulting from iodine deficiency has not been conveyed successfully to the consumer level in this country.
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Dickens, Christopher, Matthew McCartney, David Tickner, Ian J. Harrison, Pablo Pacheco e Brown Ndhlovu. "Evaluating the Global State of Ecosystems and Natural Resources: Within and Beyond the SDGs". Sustainability 12, n. 18 (9 settembre 2020): 7381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187381.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) purport to report holistically on progress towards sustainability and do so using more than 231 discrete indicators, with a primary objective to achieve a balance between the environment, social and economic aspects of development. The research question underpinning the analyses presented in this paper is: are the indicators in the SDGs sufficient and fit for purpose to assess the trajectory of natural resources towards sustainability? We extracted the SDG indicators that monitor the state of natural resources, or alternately support policy or governance for their protection, and determined whether these are adequate to provide the essential data on natural resources to achieve the aims of the SDGs. The indicators are clustered into four natural resource categories—land, water (both marine and freshwater), air and biodiversity. Indicators for monitoring land resources show that the most comprehensive land resource indicator for degraded land is not fully implemented and that missing from land monitoring is an evaluation of vegetation health outside of forests and mountains, the condition of soils, and most importantly the overall health of terrestrial ecosystems. Indicators for monitoring water resources have substantial gaps, unable to properly monitor water quality, water stress, many aspects of marine resources and, most significantly, the health of fresh and salt water ecosystems. Indicators for monitoring of air have recently become more comprehensive, but linkage to IPCC results would benefit both programs. Monitoring of biodiversity is perhaps the greatest weakness of the SDG Agenda, having no comprehensive assessment even though narrow aspects are monitored. Again, deliberate linkages to other global biodiversity programs (e.g., CBD and the Post-2020 Biodiversity Framework, IPBES, and Living Planet) are recommended on condition that data can be defined at a country level. While the SDG list of indicators in support of natural resource is moderately comprehensive, it lacks holistic monitoring in relation to evaluation of ecosystems and biodiversity to the extent that these missing but vital measures of sustainability threaten the entire SDG Agenda. In addition, an emerging issue is that even where there are appropriate indicators, the amount of country-level data remains inadequate to fully evaluate sustainability. This signals the delicate balance between the extent and complexity of the SDG Agenda and uptake at a country level.
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Cheng, Mengqi, e Sihan Li. "Lifestyle and dietary patterns as risk factors affect gastric cancer in Iran". Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 2 (22 giugno 2022): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v2i.558.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Though the global incidence of stomach cancer (also named gastric cancer, GC) has been reduced steadily in recent decades and it is one of the most serious health problems facing Iran. The statics show that it is the second prime reason of death in Iran, so its prevention is one of the most significant aspects of the cancer control strategy, both in Iran and across the world. The specific factors contribute to the decline is in GC is uncertain, taking in account of regional disparities, racial traits, tendency of cancer incidence with time and food preservation techniques, economic-social status and so on. But GC is closely linked with some quantifiable elements, such as diet and the continual perfection of the role of nutrition and increased access of fresh fruits and vegetables. This paper aims to summarize the on-going clinical trials, future directions and some preventions of GC. And also appraise the current evidence surrounding relationship between risk factors of GC and Iran diet in terms of micro-nutrients and salt intake, smoking as well as helicobacter pylori infection.
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Lin, Youli, Farshid Maghool, Arul Arulrajah e Suksun Horpibulsuk. "Engineering Characteristics and Environmental Risks of Utilizing Recycled Aluminum Salt Slag and Recycled Concrete as a Sustainable Geomaterial". Sustainability 13, n. 19 (24 settembre 2021): 10633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131910633.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Recycled aluminum salt slag (RASS) is an industrial by-product generated from the melting of white dross and aluminum scraps during the secondary smelter process. Insufficient knowledge in the aspects of engineering characteristics, and the environmental risks associated with RASS, is the primary barrier to the utilization of RASS as a substitute material for natural quarry materials in the field of geotechnical construction. In this research, comprehensive geotechnical and environmental engineering tests were conducted to evaluate the feasibility of utilizing RASS as a sustainable geomaterial. This was undertaken by comparing the laboratory testing results for RASS with a well-known recycled material, namely recycled concrete aggregate (RCA), and the relevant specifications set forth by the local road authority. The geotechnical engineering assessment included particle size distribution, flakiness index, organic content, pH, particle density, water absorption, modified Proctor compaction, aggregate impact value, Los Angeles (LA) abrasion, hydraulic conductivity, and California bearing ratio (CBR). The CBR results of the RASS samples satisfied the minimum CBR value (>80%) for usage as pavement subbase material in road construction. In addition, the repeated load triaxial (RLT) tests were carried out on the RASS samples to assess the response of the RASS under cyclic loading conditions. Furthermore, a range of chemical tests, consisting of leaching and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon tests, were also performed on the RASS to address the environmental concerns. Comparing the chemical test results with the environmental protection authorities’ guidelines provided satisfactory evidence that RASS will not pose any environmental and health issues throughout its service life as a geotechnical construction material.
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Zacharias, Daniel Constantino, e Adalgiza Fornaro. "Brazilian offshore oil exploration areas: an overview of hydrocarbon pollution". Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 15, n. 5 (14 settembre 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2569.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The basins of Campos and Santos, the most important offshore oil reserves in Brazil, hold potential for being the largest offshore oil exploration fields in the next decades, mainly due to the oil located in the pre-salt layer. This region presents real conditions for the occurrence of intense atmospheric events added to the high velocity of the meanders of the Brazilian current. However, the increasing risk of accidents and damage in the region has been the subject of concern and discussion. The risks in the basins of Campos (2011) and Santos (2012) may not exhibit the the same potential for disastrous events as do those in the oil fields of Alaska and of the Gulf of Mexico, but accidents in these areas are not unlikely, as already evidenced by previous accidents under similar operating conditions (e.g. Chevron Platform accident in Campos Basin, RJ, Brazil, 2011). This paper highlights discussion of the multidisciplinary and substantial environmental features in oil exploration fields along the Brazilian coast based on Semi-Systematic Review methodology. The aspects evaluated cover not only geological traits, oceanic and meteorological circulation, but also current oil production, the most significant oil spill accidents recorded up to 2019 and the discussion about some current levels of seawater contamination.
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Agrawal, Nipun, Danish Imtiaz, Atul K. Singh, Shyam B. Gupta e Abhishek Jain. "Lifestyle associated morbidity among geriatric population–urban and rural comparison". International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, n. 8 (23 luglio 2018): 3559. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20183098.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: The proportion of people aged over 60 years is growing faster than any other age group in almost every country which can be attributed to longer life expectancy, declining birth rates, expansion of healthcare services in quality and quantity. An individual’s choice of behaviour may be either health promoting or detrimental to health. Health is both a consequence of an individual’s lifestyle and a factor determining it but it cannot be isolated from other aspects of life. With the above background, this study was planned to report and compare lifestyle and prevalence of lifestyle associated morbidities among geriatric population of rural and urban areas in district Bareilly (UP).Methods: The present descriptive cross sectional study was conducted over a period of one year amongst families registered with UHTC and RHTC of SRMS IMS, Bareilly. All persons willing to participate aged 60 years or more were interviewed in the presence of one family member.Results: A total of 525 elderly, 263 rural and 262 urban, were surveyed. The mean age of elderly residing in the rural and urban areas are 66.21±5.97 and 67.30±5.89 respectively, eldest being 96 years old rural subject. Lifestyle of rural elderlies was healthier compared to urban subjects. 12.5% rural elderly had no apparent disease against only 7.5% urban elderly.Conclusions: Overall consumption of salt and oil consumed per person per day was found to be higher amongst the elderly residing in the urban area as compared to those in the rural area. Most of the elderly of rural area (77.57%) as well as urban area (59.92%) fall in Zone–1 i.e. with an audit score below 7. Proportion of current tobacco users and ever tobacco users were higher in the rural area (40.68% and 46.76% respectively). The proportion of subjects who were apparently healthy was higher in rural area (46.77%) than urban area (39.69%).
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Atraškevičienė, Rima, Valentina Aužbikavičė e Jurgita Balčiūnaitė-Čėsnienė. "PROJECT‘S “GREEN ISLAND“ PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF REALIZATION". Natural Science Education in a Comprehensive School (NSECS) 23, n. 1 (15 aprile 2017): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.48127/gu/17.23.05.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
For several years pedagogues of Šiauliai nursery-kindergarten “Žiogelis” are paying attention to the children’s ecological education and its’ improvement in order to develop child’s love to nature, sense of responsibility and form valuable regulations. The children are trained to an active activity, i.e. notice the changes in the nearby environment, learn to analyse the accessible eco-systems, and try to search for the ways and methods of solution. The general ideas of the “Green Island” are: children’s introduction with the specifics of various activities in the garden, conditions of growing of the plants and monitoring it’ changes during various seasons; the importance of people’s activity in order to grow something, general constructive children-parent-pedagogue activity, strengthening of interrelations, positive emotions, gathering of various experience and education of ecological consciousness of the children. The purpose of the “Green Island” is to promote cognitive and experiential activity to the children in a natural environment of the kindergarten in order to develop their basics of ecological culture while forming positive attitude towards himself/herself, environment, and nature so that the children would care about the environmental protection now and in the future, as well as form their valuable regulations. Being in a nature as a part of a daily life is very important to a complete development of a child. Children become enthusiastic naturalists when they are drawn into the practical activity, when they a monitor the growth of a plant from the smallest seed. They have a possibility to observe the growth, blossom and ripen of their plants. When the children become responsible for their own plants they gain unique knowledge about the cycle of the plants, they start to understand the law of nature and this experience gives them a lot of pleasure. Based on a long-term experience of the institution while organising and performing cognitive and practical children’s activity in a non-traditional space, i.e. the “Green Island” we have noticed several things and we can state that children’s encouragement of cognitive and practical activities in a natural environment of a kindergarten while trying to educate basics of ecological culture forms positive attitude towards himself/herself, environment and nature now and in the future. Successful organisation and development of ecological – environmental education and health strengthening is determined by favourable means and conditions to this education that directly turn on and encourage child’s activity in the nature, nearby environment (monitor, observe, experiment, clean, cherish, create, rest, move, take care of nature); initiates knowledge and skills of environment protection; develops working skills; forms cultural – hygienic skills; forms social skills. Children’s working powers and skills are formed when pedagogues pay attention to the children’s age, needs and experience, when they help in a creative and purposeful manner. The feeling of sociality was revealed when the children started looking after not only their own plants, but also when they watered their friends’ plants. Health is improved and strengthened by good working-healthy-tasty links. Keywords: education, garden, practical activities outdoors, non-traditional spaces.
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Ramadhan, Bima, Ilyasa pahlevi Reza yulianto, Achmad Abdurrazzaq, Fulkan Kafilah Al Husein e Bilal Charmouti. "A random exploration based fast adaptive and selective mean filter for salt and pepper noise removal in satellite digital images". Desimal: Jurnal Matematika 5, n. 3 (20 dicembre 2022): 341–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/djm.v5i3.14424.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The digital image is one of the discoveries that play an important role in various aspects of modern human life. These findings are useful in various fields, including defense (military and non-military), security, health, education, and others. In practice, the image acquisition process often suffers from problems, both in the process of capturing and transmitting images. Among the problems is the appearance of noise which results in the degradation of information in the image and thus disrupts further processes of image processing. One type of noise that damages digital images is salt and pepper noise which randomly changes the pixel values to 0 (black) or 255 (white). Researchers have proposed several methods to deal with this type of noise, including median filter, adaptive mean filter, switching median filter, modified decision based unsymmetric trimmed median filter, and different applied median filter. However, this method suffers from a decrease in performance when applied to images with high-intensity noise. Therefore, in this research, a new filtering method is proposed that can improve the image by randomly exploring pixels, then collecting the surrounding pixel data from the processed pixels (kernel). The kernel will be enlarged if there are no free-noise pixels in the kernel. Furthermore, the damaged pixels will be replaced using the mean data centering statistic. Images enhanced using the proposed method have better quality than the previous methods, both quantitatively (SSIM and PSNR) and qualitatively.
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Petersen, P. E., R. J. Baez e M. A. Lennon. "Community-oriented Administration of Fluoride for the Prevention of Dental Caries". Advances in Dental Research 24, n. 1 (18 gennaio 2012): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034511429349.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Dental caries is the most prevalent chronic disease affecting human populations around the world. It is recognized that fluoride plays a significant role in dental caries reduction. Meanwhile, several low- and middle-income countries of Asia have not yet implemented systematic fluoride programs; contributing factors relate to misconceptions about the mechanisms of fluoride, low priority given to oral health in national health policy and strategic plans, and lack of interest among public health administrators. A workshop on the effective use of fluoride in Asia took place in Phang-Nga, Thailand, in 2011. A series of country presentations addressed some of the topics mentioned above; in addition, speakers from countries of the region provided examples of successful fluoride interventions and discussed program limitations, barriers encountered, and solutions, as well as possibilities for expanding coverage. Participants acknowledged that automatic fluoridation through water, salt, and milk is the most effective and equitable strategy for the prevention of dental caries. Concerns were expressed that government-subsidized community fluoride prevention programs may face privatization. In addition, the use of affordable fluoride-containing toothpastes should be encouraged. The workshop identified: strengths and weaknesses of ongoing community-based fluoride programs, as well as the interest of countries in a particular method; the requirement for World Health Organization (WHO) technical assistance on various aspects, including fluoridation process, feasibility studies, and implementation of effective epidemiological surveillance of the program; exchange of information; and the need for inter-country collaboration. It was acknowledged that program process and evaluation at the local and country levels need further dissemination. The meeting was co-sponsored by the World Health Organization, the International Association for Dental Research, and the World Dental Federation.
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Greaney, Cian, Katie Bohan, Sarah Tecklenborg, Brian Casserly, James Green, Pepijn Van de Ven, Katie Robinson e Audrey Tierney. "Diet quality in cystic fibrosis – associations with patient reported outcome measures and enablers and barriers to eating a healthy diet: A protocol paper for a mixed methods study". HRB Open Research 5 (5 maggio 2022): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/hrbopenres.13533.1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: People with cystic fibrosis (PWCF) have increased energy requirements. However, in recent years concerns have emerged regarding the ‘cystic fibrosis (CF) diet’ in terms of reliance on energy-dense, nutrient poor foods, which tend to be higher in saturated fat, sugar, and salt. These foods lack essential nutrients and are aetiologically linked with diet-related chronic diseases. The aim is to explore habitual dietary intakes in PWCF and (i) assess adherence to CF dietary guidelines and population specific healthy eating guidelines; (ii) derive a diet quality score and the inflammatory potential for the average diet consumed by PWCF and assess associations with patient reported outcome measures; (iii) assess drivers for current consumption patterns and enablers and barriers to eating a healthy diet. Methods: The aim is to recruit between 100-180 PWCF. A mixed methods study will be performed. Using three-day food diaries and food frequency questionnaires, aims (i) and (ii) will be addressed. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score and Healthy Eating Index-International (HEI-I) will derive diet quality scores. The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) will ascertain inflammatory potential of the diet. Validated questionnaires will be used to report health related quality of life measures. Online focus groups and semi-structured interview with PWCF will address aim (iii). Conclusions: It is timely to revise dietary priorities and targets for CF. However, a greater understanding of what adults with CF currently consume and what they require in terms of nutrition and dietary guidance into the future is needed. In doing so, this research will help to clarify nutrition priorities and simplify the dietary aspects of CF treatment, thereby supporting adherence.
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Fadliana, Alfi, Henny Pramoedyo e Rahma Fitriani. "IMPLEMENTATION OF LOCALLY COMPENSATED RIDGE-GEOGRAPHICALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION MODEL IN SPATIAL DATA WITH MULTICOLLINEARITY PROBLEMS (Case Study: Stunting among Children Aged under Five Years in East Nusa Tenggara Province)". MEDIA STATISTIKA 13, n. 2 (28 dicembre 2020): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/medstat.13.2.125-135.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
East Nusa Tenggara Province, according to the findings of 2013 Baseline Health Research and 2016 and 2017 Nutritional Status Surveys, was recorded as the province with the highest prevalence of stunting in Indonesia. Efforts should be made to formulate policies that are integrated with spatial aspects in order to reduce the prevalence of stunting. The LCR-GWR model approach is used by using locally compensated ridge, which were meant to adjusts to the effect of collinearity between predictor variables (i.e., the factors affecting the prevalence of stunting) in each area. Results of the analysis showed that factors affecting the prevalence of stunting in all districts/cities in East Nusa Tenggara Province are the percentage of children aged under five who were weighed ≥ 4 times, the percentage of children aged under five who receive complete basic immunization, the percentage of households consuming iodized salt, the percentage of households with decent source of drinking water and the real per capita expenditure. The analysis showed that LCR-GWR is able to produce a better model than the GWR model in overcoming local multicollinearity problems in stunting in East Nusa Tenggara Province, with lower RMSE value (0.0344) than the GWR RMSE model (3.8899).
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Шепелькевич, А. П., А. М. Лузан e А. В. Градуша. "Modern Approaches to the Diagnosis and Treatment of the Most Common Forms of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia". Рецепт, n. 2-3 (21 luglio 2020): 416–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.34883/pi.2020.2.2.048.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Врожденная дисфункция коры надпочечников (ВДКН) – это группа аутосомно-рецессивных моногенно наследуемых заболеваний, в основе развития которых лежит мутация в гене белка, участвующего в синтезе гормонов коры надпочечников. На сегодняшний день выделяют 7 форм ВДКН в зависимости от мутации гена. 95% случаев ВДКН представлены мутацией в гене CYP21A2, который кодирует фермент 21-гидроксилазу. В статье представлен обзор актуальной литературы по клиническим проявлениям, диагностике, скринингу и лечению дефицита 21-гидроксилазы. Для клинической картины дефицита 21-гидроксилазы характерны сольтеряющие кризы и формирование гениталий бисексуального типа у новорожденных, преждевременное половое созревание и раннее закрытие эпифизарных зон роста костей у детей, гиперандрогения и нарушения фертильности у взрослых. В зависимости от преобладающих симптомов и сроков их проявления выделяют классическую форму (вирилизирующую, сольтеряющую) и неклассическую (позднюю) клиническую форму дефицита 21-гидроксилазы. С целью своевременной диагностики заболевания обосновано проведение скрининга новорожденных. Базовыми аспектами лечения является заместительная гормональная терапия с коррекцией нарушений электролитного баланса, а также поддержание репродуктивного здоровья пациентов. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of autosomal recessive and monogenic hereditary disorders which are based on a mutation in the gene of the protein involved in adrenal steroidogenic pathways. To date, 7 forms of CAH have been isolated depending on the gene mutation. 95% cases of CAH represent a mutation in the CYP21A2 gene, which encodes the 21-hydroxylase. The article provides review of the actual literature related to the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, newborn screening and treatment of 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Clinical symptoms of 21-hydroxylase deficiency include salt-wasting crises and ambiguous genitalia in newborns, precocious puberty and early bone maturation in infants, hyperandrogenism and impaired fertility in adults. Clinically,classic (simple virilizing and salt-wasting) and nonclassic forms of 21-hydroxylase deficiency are recognized. Newborn screening is justified in order to timely diagnosis of the disease. The basic aspects of treatment are hormone replacement therapy with electrolyte imbalance correction and maintaining patients’ reproductive health.
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Mason, John B., Lisa S. Saldanha, Usha Ramakrishnan, Alyssa Lowe, Elizabeth A. Noznesky, Amy Webb Girard, Deborah A. McFarland e Reynaldo Martorell. "Opportunities for Improving Maternal Nutrition and Birth Outcomes: Synthesis of Country Experiences". Food and Nutrition Bulletin 33, n. 2_suppl1 (giugno 2012): S104—S137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15648265120332s107.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background Undernutrition in women in poor countries remains prevalent and affects maternal, neonatal and child health (MNCH) outcomes. Improving MNCH outcomes requires better policies and programs that enhance women's nutrition. Objective The studies aimed to better understand awareness, perceptions, barriers to intervention, and policy and program priorities and approaches, through different platforms, addressing three related priority problems: anemia, intra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR), and maternal thinness and stunting (including incomplete growth with early pregnancy). Methods Results of a global literature review on program effectiveness, and from case studies in Ethiopia, India, and Nigeria, were synthesized. Results and conclusions Anemia can be reduced by iron-folate supplementation, but all aspects for successful implementation, from priority to resources to local capacity, require strengthening. For IUGR, additional interventions, of food supplementation or cash transfers, may be required for impact, plus measures to combat early pregnancy. Breaking the intergenerational cycle of women's undernutrition may also be helped by child nutrition programs. Potential interventions exist and need to be built on: iron-folate and multiple micronutrient supplementation, food fortification (including iodized salt), food supplementation and/or cash transfer programs, combatting early pregnancy, infant and young child nutrition. Potential platforms are: the health system especially antenatal care, community-based nutrition programs (presently usually child-oriented but can be extended to women), child health days, safety net programs, especially cash transfer and conditional cash transfer programs. Making these more effective requires system development and organization, capacity and training, technical guidelines and operational research, and advocacy (who takes the lead?), information, monitoring and evaluation.
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Giménez-Sanchis, Adrián, Kui Zhong, Aurora Pintor, Vittorio Farina e Cristina Besada. "Understanding Blood versus Blond Orange Consumption: A Cross-Cultural Study in Four Countries". Foods 11, n. 17 (2 settembre 2022): 2686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11172686.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Understanding consumer perceptions and attitudes to specific fruit is key information for not only increasing fruit consumption, but also for marketing reasons. It may also give clues to breeders to set quality objectives. This study explores different aspects that help to explain blood vs. blond orange consumption: availability and consumption habit, satisfaction attributes, facilitators and consumption barriers, consumption contexts, expectations and purchase intention. The study was conducted in China, Mexico, Spain and Italy, where citrus fruit consumers were invited to respond an online questionnaire. Our results revealed Italy as the country with the highest availability and consumption of blood oranges, followed by China, Mexico and Spain. “Liking” and “healthy properties” were the most important reasons for consumption irrespectively of orange type, but certain differences among countries were detected in secondary reasons. In all the countries, “juicy” was the most relevant attribute for consumer satisfaction, followed by flavour/taste attributes. “Aromatic” and “unfibrous” were substantial requirements for Italians and Chinese, while Spaniards attached importance to the blood oranges colour. Regarding consumption contexts, “eat with salt or chilly powder” was specific for Mexico, while “to improve health”, “as a gift” or “at a restaurant” were contexts mainly cited in China. Despite taste preferences for other fruit being the main consumption barrier in all the countries for both orange types, the relevance of other barriers depended on culture and orange type. Mexican participants seemed to take a more neophobic attitude to blood oranges, while “inconvenient” was reported as a barrier for consuming blond ones in Spain and China. We conclude that blond and blood oranges can co-exist on markets at a high consumption rate, as in Italy. Specific interventions are needed in other countries because consumer attitudes to oranges, mainly blood ones, depend on culture.
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Bębenek, Patryk, Vinit Gholap, Matthew Halquist, Andrzej Sobczak e Leon Kośmider. "E-Liquids from Seven European Countries–Warnings Analysis and Freebase Nicotine Content". Toxics 10, n. 2 (23 gennaio 2022): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10020051.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Electronic cigarettes are available in a variety of devices with e-liquids also available in many flavors, and nicotine concentrations, albeit less than 20 mg/mL in Europe. Given the dynamics of these products, it is important to evaluate product content, including labeling, nicotine content versus labeled claim, nicotine form, and other aspects that may help policy decisions and align with the Tobacco Product Directive (TPD). Herein, we performed a study on 86 e-liquids from seven European countries (Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, and the United Kingdom) with 34 different liquid brands and 57 different flavors. Nicotine content versus labeled claim, labeling, volume, pH, and nicotine form (i.e., freebase nicotine) were evaluated. From all tested products, eight of them from Germany, Poland, and UK (from 3 to 18 mg/mL), met the ±2% criteria. The ±10% criteria was fulfilled by 50 (58.1%) liquids from all countries. Among 71 liquids which contained nicotine, (one e-liquid labeled as 6 mg/mL had no nicotine level quantified), the amount of freebase nicotine differed from 0 to 97.8%, with a mean value 56.5 ± 35.7. None of the tested liquids had nicotine salt listed in the ingredients. Therefore, a low level of freebase nicotine in some liquids was most likely achieved by added flavorings. All tested liquids presented in this study met the basic requirements of the TPD. There were differences in the scope of information about harmfulness, type of warnings on packaging, attaching leaflets, placing graphic symbols, and discrepancies between the declared and quantified nicotine concentrations.