Articoli di riviste: "Salt screening"

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Mendlinger, Samuel, e Dov Pasternak. "Screening for Salt Tolerance in Melons". HortScience 27, n. 8 (agosto 1992): 905–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.8.905.

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Twenty melon (Cucumis melo L.) cultigens (cultivars and breeding lines) were tested for salt tolerance. All cultigens were grown in the field using drip irrigation at three salt salinity levels: electrical conductivity (ECw = 1.2, 7.5, or 14.0 dS·m-1. Nineteen of the 20 cultigens proved to be salt-sensitive, as measured by reduction in fruit weight, but not necessarily to the same degree (i.e., some cultigens were tolerant at ECw = 7.5, whereas others were not). One line, `Evan Key', was salt-tolerant at ECw= 14.0. Increasing salinity levels did not affect the number of fruits produced in most cultigens. Overall, increasing salinity reduced netting quality but increased the total soluble solids content and shortened mean time to harvest in seven cultigens.

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Kumar, P. Arun, N. N. Reddy e N. Jyothi Lakshmi. "Screening Tomato Genotypes for Salt Tolerance". International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 6, n. 11 (10 novembre 2017): 1037–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.611.121.

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Emdadi, Arash, Jamie Hestekin e Lauren F. Greenlee. "Salt screening analysis for reverse electrodialysis". Sustainable Energy & Fuels 5, n. 23 (2021): 6135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1se01447a.

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Gray: salts with OCVth < NaCl; red: salts with OCVth > NaCl and high hazard potential; yellow: salts with OCVth > NaCl, low hazard potential, expensive; green: promising salts in terms of OCVth, hazard potential and cost.

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Grieve, C. M., M. R. Guzy, J. A. Poss e M. C. Shannon. "Screening Eucalyptus Clones for Salt Tolerance". HortScience 34, n. 5 (agosto 1999): 867–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.5.867.

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Agroforestry plantations offer environmentally acceptable strategies for the reuse of saline drainage waters. Tree species suitable for use in such systems must be selected for survival and sustained growth under highly saline conditions. In this screening trial, four clones of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. (4543, 4544, 4573, and 4590) and one clone of E. rudis Endl. (4501) were grown in greenhouse sand cultures irrigated with sodium sulfate–dominated waters. Solution compositions were prepared to simulate saline drainage waters typically found in the San Joaquin Valley of California. Electrical conductivities of the solutions ranged from 2 to 28 dS·m–1. Treatments were replicated three times. All plants survived and were harvested after 7 weeks under saline treatment. Plant height was measured weekly and shoot biomass was determined at final harvest. The salinity levels that resulted in a 50% reduction in biomass production (C50) were 16.4 (4573), 17.1 (4543), 17.7 (4544), 29.0 (4590), and 30.0 dS·m–1 (4501). Over the range of salinities from 4 to 20 dS·m–1, clones 4501, 4590, and 4573 generally maintained higher relative growth rates (RGR) than did clones 4544 and 4543. However, at the highest salinity, RGRs of clones 4501, 4544, and 4573 were significantly greater than those of clones 4543 and 4590. Assessed on the basis of biomass production, clones 4501 (E. rudis) and 4590 (E. camaldulensis) showed exceptional potential for use in agroforestry systems where the saline drainage waters are sodium sulfate–dominated.

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Zhang, Guoshun, Li Zhang, Dezhi Yang, Na Zhang, Lan He, Guanhua Du e Yang Lu. "Salt screening and characterization of ciprofloxacin". Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials 72, n. 1 (23 gennaio 2016): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052520615018582.

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With the aim of improving the solubility of ciprofloxacin, polybasic organic acids were utilized to react with ciprofloxacin in different stoichiometric proportions. The use of the solvent drop grinding (SDG) method, as well as the solvent evaporation method, resulted in the crystalline salts ciprofloxacin/fumaric acid (1:1, 2:1), ciprofloxacin/maleic acid (1:1) and ciprofloxacin/citric acid (2:1). The solubilities of these salts in pure water (pH 7.0) were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at 310 K, with the salts showing considerably greater solubility than ciprofloxacin itself and, interestingly, ciprofloxacin/fumaric acid (2:1) being more soluble than ciprofloxacin/fumaric acid (1:1). Intrigued by this phenomenon, we undertook a comparison of the crystal structures of the salts: the three-dimensional sandwich-like structure observed in the 2:1 salt indicates that the preferred stacking may be a factor in increasing the solubility of ciprofloxacin.

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Kimura, Kazue, Saho Onishi e Kei Moriyama. "Fluorescence-Based High-Throughput Salt Screening". Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 107, n. 7 (luglio 2018): 1870–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.xphs.2018.02.018.

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Fernández Casares, Ana, W. Mieke Nap, Glòria Ten Figás, Pieter Huizenga, Richard Groot e Marcel Hoffmann. "An evaluation of salt screening methodologies". Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 67, n. 6 (14 febbraio 2015): 812–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jphp.12377.

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Ottman, Yvonne, e David H. Byrne. "Screening Rootstocks of Prunus for Relative Salt Tolerance". HortScience 23, n. 2 (aprile 1988): 375–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.23.2.375.

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Abstract A nondestructive method for evaluating the salt tolerance of Prunus seedlings was devised for greenhouse sand-culture with 60 days of saline drip irrigation. The treatments contained half-strength Hoagland's solution using distilled water and supplementary chloride and sulfate salts of Na, Ca, and Mg to reach 1.5 dS·m–1 for control, 4.5 dS·m–1 for the first trial, and 6.0 dS·m–1 for the second and third trial screenings. After 60 days of irrigation with 6.0 dS·m–1 Nemaguard, the standard peach [P. persica (L.) Batsch] rootstock averaged 46% of the fresh weight, 53% of the volume, 66% of the height, and 74% of the foliar health ratings of the control seedlings. Percent of control values were compared for a tentative ranking of salt tolerance: ‘Titan’ almond × Nemaguard and P. mexicana Wats. > Nemaguard and Nemared > Myrobalan plum (P. cerasifera J.F.Ehrh.) and bitter almond (P. amygdalus var. amara Focke.). Correlation coefficients were used in selecting useful sets of evaluation parameters. Height was rejected as a screening parameter. Final fresh weight and a final foliar health rating are recommended for cursory screenings of Prunus germplasm. The last three weekly foliar health scores are useful for comparing rates of decline. Volume displacements are useful for comparing root vs. shoot growth.

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Sedláčková, P., Š. Horáčková, T. Shi, M. Kosová e M. Plocková. "Two different methods for screening of bile salt hydrolase activity in Lactobacillus strains". Czech Journal of Food Sciences 33, No. 1 (3 giugno 2016): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/299/2014-cjfs.

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Baek, Dongwon, Wonkyun Choi, Songhwa Kang, Gilok Shin, Su Jung Park, Chanmin Kim, Hyeong Cheol Park e Dae-Jin Yun. "Screening of salt-tolerance plants using transgenic Arabidopsis that express a salt cress cDNA library". Journal of Plant Biotechnology 41, n. 2 (30 giugno 2014): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5010/jpb.2014.41.2.81.

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., John K. Hemphill, Huseyin Basal . e C. Wayne Smith . "Screening Method for Salt Tolerance in Cotton". American Journal of Plant Physiology 1, n. 1 (15 dicembre 2005): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajpp.2006.107.112.

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Lee, Tu, e Yeh Wen Wang. "Initial Salt Screening Procedures for Manufacturing Ibuprofen". Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy 35, n. 5 (maggio 2009): 555–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03639040802459452.

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Thorson, Michael R., Sachit Goyal, Benjamin R. Schudel, Charles F. Zukoski, Geoff G. Z. Zhang, Yuchuan Gong e Paul J. A. Kenis. "A microfluidic platform for pharmaceutical salt screening". Lab on a Chip 11, n. 22 (2011): 3829. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1lc20645a.

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Gaddam, Prudhvidhar, e William Ducker. "Electrostatic Screening Length in Concentrated Salt Solutions". Langmuir 35, n. 17 (4 aprile 2019): 5719–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00375.

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Marin, L., M. Benlloch e R. Fernández-Escobar. "Screening of olive cultivars for salt tolerance". Scientia Horticulturae 64, n. 1-2 (ottobre 1995): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4238(95)00832-6.

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Hasan, M. M., M. A. Baque, M. A. Habib, M. Yeasmin e M. A. Hakim. "Screening of Salt Tolerance Capability of Wheat Genotypes under Salt Stress Condition". Universal Journal of Agricultural Research 5, n. 4 (luglio 2017): 235–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/ujar.2017.050405.

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Moustafa, Ehab S. A., Mohamed M. A. Ali, Mohamed M. Kamara, Mohamed F. Awad, Abdallah A. Hassanin e Elsayed Mansour. "Field Screening of Wheat Advanced Lines for Salinity Tolerance". Agronomy 11, n. 2 (3 febbraio 2021): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020281.

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Salinity in soil or irrigation water requires developing genetically salt-tolerant genotypes, especially in arid regions. Developing salt-tolerant and high-yielding wheat genotypes has become more urgent in particular with continuing global population growth and abrupt climate changes. The current study aimed at investigating the genetic variability of new breeding lines in three advanced generations F6–F8 under salinity stress. The evaluated advanced lines were derived through accurate pedigree selection under actual saline field conditions (7.74 dS/m) and using saline water in irrigation (8.35 dS/m). Ninety-four F6 lines were evaluated in 2017–2018 and reduced by selection to thirty-seven F7 lines in 2018–2019 and afterward to thirty-four F8 lines in 2019–2020 based on grain yield and related traits compared with adopted check cultivars. Significant genetic variability was detected for all evaluated agronomic traits across generations in the salt-stressed field. The elite F8 breeding lines displayed higher performance than the adopted check cultivars. These lines were classified based on yield index into four groups using hierarchical clustering ranging from highly salt-tolerant to slightly salt-tolerant genotypes, which efficiently enhance the narrow genetic pool of salt-tolerance. The detected response to selection and high to intermediate broad-sense heritability for measured traits displayed their potentiality to be utilized through advanced generations under salinity stress for identifying salt-tolerant breeding lines.

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Sukenik, Shahar, Yoav Boyarski e Daniel Harries. "Effect of salt on the formation of salt-bridges in β-hairpin peptides". Chem. Commun. 50, n. 60 (2014): 8193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc03195d.

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The formation of salt-bridges in β-hairpin peptides is measured in increasing salt concentrations, indicating a decrease in the salt-bridged population due to charge–charge screening, as well as non-cooperative salt-bridge triads.

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Ye, J. M., K. N. Kao, B. L. Harvey e B. G. Rossnagel. "Screening salt-tolerant barley genotypes via F1 anther culture in salt stress media". Theoretical and Applied Genetics 74, n. 4 (agosto 1987): 426–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00289816.

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Giaveno, C. D., R. V. Ribeiro, G. M. Souza e R. F. Oliveira. "Screening of tropical maize for salt stress tolerance". Cropp Breeding and Applied Biotechnology 7, n. 3 (30 settembre 2007): 304–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.12702/1984-7033.v07n03a10.

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Sasaki, Sho, Toshihiko Takada, Shingo Fukuma, Miyuki Imamoto, Takeshi Hasegawa, Hiroki Nishiwaki, Hidekazu Iida e Shunichi Fukuhara. "Screening tool for identifying adults with excessive salt intake among community-dwelling adults: a population-based cohort study". American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 111, n. 4 (5 febbraio 2020): 814–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqaa003.

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ABSTRACT Background Excessive salt intake is widely known to be a cause of hypertension, cardiovascular events, and so on. However, simple tools for screening excessive salt intake are lacking. Objective We aimed to develop a simple screening tool to identify community-dwelling adults with excessive salt intake. Methods The present study involved participants who received health check-ups in Fukushima, Japan, in 2016 and 2017. We defined data from the 2016 check-up as the derivation set, and data from those who received check-ups in 2017 but not 2016 as the validation set. The outcome measure was excessive salt intake, defined as the estimated daily salt intake of 1 SD or more. Candidate predictors associated with the outcome were extracted using the Delphi method by an expert panel and narrowed down with clinical expertise and stepwise backward selection. The screening tool was developed using a coefficient-based multivariable scoring method and externally validated. Results A total of 1101 participants were included in the derivation set and 249 in the validation set. At the conclusion of the deviation process, 8 predictors were selected and scored. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for derivation and external validation were 0.70 (95% CI: 0.67, 0.74) and 0.71 (95% CI: 0.62, 0.80), respectively. The calibration slope and intercept for external validation were 1.16 and −0.03, respectively. Conclusion We developed a screening tool to identify adults with excessive salt intake. By extracting groups with excessive salt intake, target populations needing intervention for salt reduction can be highlighted efficiently.

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De-yong, Wang, Wang Jing, Zeng Qing-jun e Deng Kai-fang. "Step-type stereo ecological seaborn construct and plant screening". E3S Web of Conferences 248 (2021): 01008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124801008.

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For the problem of traditional ecological seawall structure, ecological landscape monotonous problems, the stepped stereo ecological seawall integrating defense, ecological and landscape functions is proposed. In order to screen low-conditioned, salt, and suitable plants planted in coastal areas, 6 plants were studied in the form of sewage (Sonneratia, Arundo, Canna, Bischofia, Myriophyllum, Dianella) in different salt concentrations of salt sewage Change Law of Biochemical Indicators. The test results show that the chlorophyll content of Hazang, Mountains and Rusais increased significantly, and the content of malondialdehyde has a significant reduction in trend, indicating that they can thrive in salty sewage, have a high degree of stress resistance, and can be used as the preferred plants for ecological coast.

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KrishnaRaj, Sankaran, Bruce T. Mawson, Edward C. Yeung e Trevor A. Thorpe. "Utilization of induction and quenching kinetics of chlorophyll a fluorescence for in vivo salinity screening studies in wheat (Triticum aestivum vars. Kharchia-65 and Fielder)". Canadian Journal of Botany 71, n. 1 (1 gennaio 1993): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b93-010.

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The potential of utilizing induction and quenching kinetics of chlorophyll a fluorescence as consistent and reliable markers for in vivo salt (sodium sulphate) tolerance screening studies was investigated by comparing two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties with varying responses to salinity, viz. Kharchia-65 (salt-tolerant) and Fielder (salt-susceptible). Three-week-old seedlings were treated with a range of salt concentrations (0 to 2%) over a 1- to 2-week period. Both the maximum rates of fluorescence induction and quenching measured from leaf sections decreased significantly in Fielder compared with Kharchia-65 as the salt concentration increased. Alterations in other fluorescence parameters, such as the maximum yield of fluorescence signal in the absence and presence of 3(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea by the variety Fielder indicated a minimal reduction in the size of the primary electron acceptor pool associated with photosystem II following salt stress. In contrast, these parameters were altered to a lesser extent by salt treatments in Kharchia-65. The effect of salinity stress on leaf morphology of both varieties indicated no major anatomical alterations apart from a negligible increase in leaf thickness. Total chlorophyll content of Kharchia-65 increased significantly as a result of salt stress, owing to an increase in both chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, whereas Fielder showed no significant variations. The results indicate that total fluorescence quenching and maximum rates of both induction and quenching appear to be reliable indicators for in vivo screening of salt-tolerant wheat genotypes. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., wheat, chlorophyll a fluorescence, salt stress, in vivo screening.

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Gupta, Amber, e Birendra Prasad Shaw. "Field- and laboratory-based methods of screening salt tolerant genotypes in rice". Crop and Pasture Science 72, n. 2 (2021): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp20393.

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Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses that lead to loss of billions of dollars in crop production worldwide. The growth of rice plant is severely affected and subsequently the yield is generally low in salt affected areas. Salinity affects rice primarily at the early vegetative stage by interfering with biochemical and physiological processes governing its growth and development. This review aims at summarising various morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular-based methods that are currently used in screening salt-tolerant rice genotypes at different growth stages with particular emphasis on screening of breeding lines, and also the effectiveness of these methods. Field and laboratory-based methods are described including visual screening of salt-induced injuries as per the IRRI’s standard evaluation system, salt-induced accumulation of ions, changes in the levels of photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant, and image-based visual quantification of injuries, and molecular markers-based screening, which are lengthy and cumbersome. Among these methods currently available, this review highlights IC50 (50% inhibition concentration) estimation of shoot growth inhibition as a rapid and accurate method that can differentiate genotypes with the IC50 difference of only a few mm NaCl for the initial screening of a large number of rice germplasm and breeding lines.

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Huang, Yujun, Junjuan Yu, Haodong Yan, Chenchen Zhang, Wenli Kang, Lina Pan, Jiaqi Wang, Zhiyong Dai e Ruixia Gu. "Screening of Lactobacillus from breast milk and infant feces and evaluation of their bile salt tolerance". Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods 14, n. 4 (28 settembre 2022): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15586/qas.v14i4.1053.

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The intestinal bile salt concentration of infants is lower than that of adults, and the necessary bile salt tolerance of probiotics for infants remains unclear. In this study, Lactobacillus strains were isolated from breast milk and infant feces. The strains with better bile salt tolerance were screened, and their bile salt tolerance was compared with Lactobacillus strains from the adult intestine. The results showed that the bile salt concentration had a better distinguishing effect when it was 0.075 and 0.1%. Among the 28 strains of Lactobacillus with better bile salt tolerance, there were 16 strains of Lactobacillus plantarum, among which eight strains had greater than 70% survival under 0.075% bile salt and two strains had more than 50% survival under 0.1% bile salt. L. plantarum strains isolated from breast milk and infant feces had a significantly lower survival rate than those isolated from the adult intestine (P < 0.05) under 0.1% bile salt, while there was no significant difference in the survival rate under 0.075% bile salt (P > 0.05). Therefore, the demands for bile salt tolerance of probiotics for infants might be lower than that for adults. It is suggested that the standard for the screening of probiotics from breast milk and infant feces should differ from adults.

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McNeely, Jonathan, Samir Parikh, Christopher Valentine, Nabil Haddad, Ganesh Shidham, Brad Rovin, Lee Hebert e Anil Agarwal. "Bath Salts: A Newly Recognized Cause of Acute Kidney Injury". Case Reports in Nephrology 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/560854.

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Bath salts are substance of abuse that are becoming more common and are difficult to recognize due to negative toxicology screening. Acute kidney injury due to bath salt use has not previously been described. We present the case of a previously healthy male who developed acute kidney injury and dialysis dependence after bath salt ingestion and insufflation. This was self-reported with negative toxicology screening. Clinical course was marked by severe hyperthermia, hyperkalemia, rhabdomyolysis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, oliguria, and sepsis. We discuss signs and symptoms, differential diagnoses, potential mechanisms of injury, management, and review of the literature related to bath salt toxicity.

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Li, Fengxia, Haibo Wang, Jiandong Tang, Yunqi Shen e Di Wang. "Screening of imbibition surfactant in inter-salt shale reservoir". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 766, n. 1 (1 giugno 2021): 012097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/766/1/012097.

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ElObeidy, A., M. Fayek e R. Mahmoud. "INDUCING AND SCREENING FOR SALT-TOLERANT BANANA In vitro". Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 53, n. 2 (1 aprile 2002): 215–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejarc.2002.230591.

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Jin, Houcong, Yan Sun, Qingchuan Yang, Yuehui Chao, Junmei Kang, Hong Jin, Yan Li e Gruber Margaret. "Screening of genes induced by salt stress from Alfalfa". Molecular Biology Reports 37, n. 2 (2 luglio 2009): 745–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11033-009-9590-7.

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Lanning, Oliver J., e Paul A. Madden. "Screening at a Charged Surface by a Molten Salt". Journal of Physical Chemistry B 108, n. 30 (luglio 2004): 11069–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp048102p.

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Stellwagen, Earle, Erna Olivieri e Pier Giorgio Righetti. "Salt-promoted protein folding, preferential binding, or electrostatic screening?" Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics 49, n. 2 (3 settembre 2002): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prot.10207.

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Chowdhury, M. A. M., B. Moseki e D. J. F. Bowling. "A method for screening rice plants for salt tolerance". Plant and Soil 171, n. 2 (aprile 1995): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00010287.

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Alam, Md Amirul, Abdul Shukor Juraimi, M. Y. Rafii, Azizah Abdul Hamid e Farzad Aslani. "Screening of Purslane (Portulaca oleraceaL.) Accessions for High Salt Tolerance". Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/627916.

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Purslane (Portulaca oleraceaL.) is an herbaceous leafy vegetable crop, comparatively more salt-tolerant than any other vegetables with high antioxidants, minerals, and vitamins. Salt-tolerant crop variety development is of importance due to inadequate cultivable land and escalating salinity together with population pressure. In this view a total of 25 purslane accessions were initially selected from 45 collected purslane accessions based on better growth performance and subjected to 5 different salinity levels, that is, 0.0, 10.0, 20.0, 30.0, and 40.0 dS m−1NaCl. Plant height, number of leaves, number of flowers, and dry matter contents in salt treated purslane accessions were significantly reduced (P≤0.05) and the enormity of reduction increased with increasing salinity stress. Based on dry matter yield reduction, among all 25 purslane accessions 2 accessions were graded as tolerant (Ac7 and Ac9), 6 accessions were moderately tolerant (Ac3, Ac5, Ac6, Ac10, Ac11, and Ac12), 5 accessions were moderately susceptible (Ac1, Ac2, Ac4, Ac8, and Ac13), and the remaining 12 accessions were susceptible to salinity stress and discarded from further study. The selected 13 purslane accessions could assist in the identification of superior genes for salt tolerance in purslane for improving its productivity and sustainable agricultural production.

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Pio-Abreu, Andrea, Isac de Castro, Giovanio Vieira da Silva, Katia Coelho Ortega e Decio Mion. "Oral Fludrocortisone Test for Salt-Sensitive Screening in Hypertensive Patients: A Randomized Crossover Trial". International Journal of Hypertension 2018 (15 novembre 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7437858.

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Background. Salt sensitivity is associated with an increased cardiovascular risk, but the gold standard method (diet cycles) requires 24-h urine samples and has poor patient compliance. Objectives. Test the hypothesis that oral fludrocortisone (0.4 mg per day for 7 days) is a good alternative in identifying salt-sensitive patients. Methodology. We conducted a randomized crossover study with 30 hypertensive individuals comprising the following steps: (1) washout; (2) phase A (low- and high-sodium diet cycles); (3) washout 2; (4) phase B (fludrocortisone test). Phase A and B steps were performed in a random way. Consistent with the literature, we found that 53.3% were salt-sensitive according to the reference test. Using the ROC curve, the fludrocortisone test defined salt sensitivity by a median blood pressure increase of ≥3 mmHg. A good accuracy of fludrocortisone in detecting salt sensitivity was observed (AUC: 0.732±0.065; p<0.001), with 80% sensitivity and 53% specificity. Conclusion. The fludrocortisone test is a good option for screening salt sensitivity in hypertensive patients. However, the low specificity prevents this test from being an ideal substitute to the labor-intensive diet cycles exam in the definition of salt sensitivity. This clinical trial is registered with NCT01453959.

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Tang, Jing, Hong Ming E, Jin Xiang Fu, Jin Nan Chen e Ming Fan. "Screening and Influencing Factors of Halophilic Denitrifying Bacteria". Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (luglio 2012): 1455–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.1455.

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With nitrite or nitrate nitrogen as electron acceptor in the high salt conditons, halophilic denitrifying bacteria can transfer nitrite or nitrate to nitrogen, thereby purifying the high-salt wastewater. Halophilic denitrifying bacteria play an important role in the carbon and nitrogen removal of saline wastewater, such as petroleum, chemical industry, seafood processing and seafood farming. This article dissussed halophilic denitrifying bacteria screening, the main types and the corresponding morphological characteristics, then we focused on the research progress of main factors of halophilic denitrifying bacteria’s growth and nitrogen removal. Finally put forward the current problems of the research and development trend of halophilic denitrifying bacteria.

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Zhang, Mei, Hui Zhang, Jie-Xuan Zheng, Hui Mo, Kuai-Fei Xia e Shu-Guang Jian. "Functional Identification of Salt-Stress-Related Genes Using the FOX Hunting System from Ipomoea pes-caprae". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, n. 11 (2 novembre 2018): 3446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19113446.

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Ipomoea pes-caprae is a seashore halophytic plant and is therefore a good model for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying salt and stress tolerance in plant research. Here, we performed Full-length cDNA Over-eXpressor (FOX) gene hunting with a functional screening of a cDNA library using a salt-sensitive yeast mutant strain to isolate the salt-stress-related genes of I. pes-caprae (IpSR genes). The library was screened for genes that complemented the salt defect of yeast mutant AXT3 and could grow in the presence of 75 mM NaCl. We obtained 38 candidate salt-stress-related full-length cDNA clones from the I. pes-caprae cDNA library. The genes are predicted to encode proteins involved in water deficit, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, cellular vesicle trafficking, metabolic enzymes, and signal transduction factors. When combined with the quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses, several potential functional salt-tolerance-related genes were emphasized. This approach provides a rapid assay system for the large-scale screening of I. pes-caprae genes involved in the salt stress response and supports the identification of genes responsible for the molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance.

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CHA-UM, Suriyan, Satjaporn CHANTAWONG, Chareerat MONGKOLSIRIWATANA, Muhammad ASHRAF e Chalermpol KIRDMANEE. "Field Screening of Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) Mutant and Commercial Genotypes for Salt Tolerance". Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 41, n. 1 (28 maggio 2013): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha4118970.

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Growth and physiological attributes and sugar quality parameters are considered key criteria for screening sugarcane cultivars for salt tolerance. Maximum cane growth and yield were found in a positive check (â€˜K88-92â€™) as well as in cv. â€˜(A3)AE1-18â€™ when subjected to salt affected soil. Percent reduction in Fv/Fm, quantum efficiency of PSII (Î¦PSII) and water use efficiency (WUE) due to salt stress was considerably low in â€˜K88-92â€™, â€˜(A3)AE1-18â€™ and â€˜KK3â€™ which was associated with very low salt-induced reduction in net photosynthetic rate and growth characters such as shoot length, number of internodes, and internodal length as well as yield traits. In addition, brix, polarlization, fiber, purity and commercial cane sugar (CCS) in â€˜(A18)AE2-15â€™ and â€˜(A3)AE1-18â€™ were well maintained under saline stress. By subjecting the data for various physiological, growth, yield and sugar quality parameters to the Wardâ€™s cluster analysis â€˜K88-92â€™ (positive check), â€˜(A3)AE1-18â€™ and â€˜KK3â€™ were identified as salt tolerant, whereas â€˜(A11)AE1-114â€™ and â€˜K97-32â€™ as salt sensitive.

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38

García, M. R., G. P. Bernet, J. Puchades, I. Gómez, E. A. Carbonell e M. J. Asins. "Reliable and easy screening technique for salt tolerance of citrus rootstocks under controlled environments". Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 53, n. 6 (2002): 653. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar01071.

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Three salt tolerance experiments using 5 common citrus rootstocks were carried out to find a reliable and easy screening technique for salt tolerance in breeding programs. The experiments were: (1) in vitro seed culture where salt tolerance was mainly evaluated as germination percentage, (2) hydroponic culture of 2-month-old seedlings where salt tolerance was mainly evaluated as survival percentage, and (3) hydroponic culture of satsuma-rootstock combinations where salt tolerance was evaluated by leaf and fruit characters. Treatments were: 4 mm K2CO3 and 0-100 mm NaCl in Expt 1; 3.5 mm K2CO3 and 0-50 mm NaCl, with and without K2CO3, in Expt�2; and 25 mm NaCl in Expt 3. Volkamer lemon was the most salt-sensitive genotype during seed germination (Expt�1), whereas Troyer citrange was the most sensitive when used as rootstock of satsuma (Expt 3). For seedling survival (Expt 2), the trifoliate orange variety Flying dragon showed the highest survival percentage, and chloride content of satsuma leaves and fruit juice were high on this rootstock under salinity (Expt 3). Alkalinity (pH = 8.5) greatly affected seedling survival of Cleopatra mandarin and Volkamer lemon (Expt 2), probably due to major disturbances in seedling nutrition. Analysis of trait values for the rootstocks in the different saline treatments in both the in vitro germination and the seedling survival experiments revealed some significant changes compared with control conditions. Most of these changes were not consistent between genotypes, except for chloride concentration in both shoot ([Cl]s) and root ([Cl]r). The ordering of genotypes for salt tolerance found in the literature, which corresponds to the ordering as chloride excluders in our satsuma Expt 3, agrees with the inverse ordering of genotypes regarding the increment of both [Cl]s and the ratio [Cl]s/[Cl]r from control to low salinity, but does not agree with salt tolerance measured as a percentage of germination or seedling survival. The increments of both [Cl]s and the ratio [Cl]s/[Cl]r from control to low salinity are suggested as criteria for early selection of salt-tolerant citrus rootstocks. Three salt tolerance mechanisms have been observed: chloride exclusion, water saving, and accumulation of soluble solids. They all seem to be presented by Cleopatra mandarin when used as rootstock, supporting its utilisation as donor of salt tolerance in breeding programs of citrus rootstocks.

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39

Kim, Jin-Won, Tae-Young Lee, Gyoungju Nah e Do-Soon Kim. "Potential of thermal image analysis for screening salt stress-tolerant soybean (Glycine max)". Plant Genetic Resources 12, S1 (luglio 2014): S134—S136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262114000422.

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Non-destructive high-throughput phenotyping based on phenomics is an emerging technology for assessing the genetic diversity of various traits and screening in breeding programmes. In this study, non-destructive measurements of leaf temperature and chlorophyll fluorescence were conducted to investigate the physiological responses of soybean (Glycine max) to salt stress so as to set up a non-destructive screening method. Two-week-old seedlings of soybean in the V2 stage were treated with 0, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mM NaCl to induce salt stress. Three parameters, photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll fluorescence, decreased significantly, while soybean leaf temperature increased by exhibiting a positive correlation with NaCl concentration (P< 0.001). Soybean leaf temperature increased significantly at 50 mM NaCl when compared with the untreated control, although no visual symptom was observed. We selected leaf temperature as a major physiological parameter of salt stress as its measurement is much easier, faster and cheaper than that of other physiological parameters. Therefore, leaf temperature can be used for evaluating the responses to salt stress in soybean as a non-destructive and phenomic parameter. The results of this study suggest that non-destructive parameters such as chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf temperature are useful tools for assessing the genetic diversity of soybean with regard to salt stress tolerance and to screen salt stress-tolerant soybean for breeding.

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40

Ding, Tonglou, Zhen Yang, Xiaocen Wei, Fang Yuan, Shanshan Yin e Baoshan Wang. "Evaluation of salt-tolerant germplasm and screening of the salt-tolerance traits of sweet sorghum in the germination stage". Functional Plant Biology 45, n. 10 (2018): 1073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp18009.

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Soil salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses that reduces agricultural productivity and affects large terrestrial areas around the world. Germination is the starting point of the growth and development process of all crops, and it is severely affected by salt stress. Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.) is one of the most promising crops that has a relatively high salt tolerance and biomass. However, few studies have evaluated the salt tolerance or screened the reliable evaluation traits of sweet sorghum. In this study, the membership function value of five traits was used as a comprehensive index for the evaluation and selection of salt tolerance in 300 sweet sorghum germplasms. After salt tolerance evaluation, 23 highly salt-tolerant, 38 salt-tolerant, 195 moderately salt-tolerant, 38 salt-sensitive and 6 highly salt-sensitive germplasms during the germination stage were screened. Moreover, the germination index under the 200 mM NaCl treatment showed the highest correlation with salt tolerance during the germination stage. This information can be used for effectively evaluating sweet sorghum during the germination stage. These results are important for the evaluation of the salt tolerance of sweet sorghum germplasms during the germination stage.

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Pang, Yuanxiang, Longmei Guo, Tiantian Wang, Wei Liu, Peili Mao, Xiaonan Cao, Ying Geng e Banghua Cao. "Screening of Key Indices and the Gene Transcriptional Regulation Analysis Related to Salt Tolerance in Salix matsudana Seedlings". Forests 13, n. 5 (13 maggio 2022): 754. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13050754.

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Pot experiments were performed to comparatively study the differences in 16 salt tolerance indices between the seedlings of six Salix matsudana clones under the stress of various concentrations of NaCl (0, 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, and 0.7%), including the salt injury index, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, leaf water content, relative conductivity, malondialdehyde content, and antioxidant enzyme activity. The salt-tolerant clones and key indices of salt tolerance were selected. Transcriptome sequencing analysis was performed on the selected salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive clones under salt stress, and the links between the physiological indices of salt tolerance and gene expression were analyzed. Results: (1) Superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), chlorophyll, and net photosynthetic rate were closely related to the salt tolerance of Salix matsudana at the seedling stage. The regression equation was constructed as follows: salt tolerance index (y) = 0.224x10 + 0.216x11 + 0.127x12 + 0.191x7 − 0.187 (x10 = chlorophyll, x11 = SOD, x12 = POD, x7 = net photosynthetic rate). (2) The number of differentially expressed genes between the seedlings of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive clones varied with the time of exposure (0 h, 4 h, 12 h, and 24 h) to 200 mmol·L−1 NaCl stress. The most differentially expressed genes in Sm172 were detected upon 24 h vs. 4 h of salt treatment, while the most in Sm6 were in the 24 h vs. 0 h comparison. Gene Ontology analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that several differentially expressed genes were involved in carotenoid biosynthesis and plant mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. The nine highly expressed transcription factor genes (Sm172-f2p30-2392, Sm172-f2p28-2386, Sm6-f8p60-2372, Sm6-f2p39-2263, Sm6-f16p60-2374, Sm6-f3p60-931, Sm6-f2p60-1067, Sm172-f3p54-1980, and Sm172-f3p54-1980) were closely correlated with the four key indices of salt tolerance. These genes could become genetic resources for salt tolerance breeding of Salix matsudana.

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42

Deme, Ndeye Fatou, Mouhamadou Moussa Diangar, Mohd Yusuf Rafii, Mame Arama Fall-Ndiaye e Tahir Abdoulaye Diop. "Germination Stage Screening of Mutants of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) to Salinity Tolerance". European Scientific Journal, ESJ 18, n. 30 (30 settembre 2022): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v18n30p73.

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Abstract (sommario):

To test the tolerance of cowpea mutants to salinity, cowpea wilds and mutants were subjected to 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mM NaCl to test for tolerance to salinity. Genotype and salt concentration interaction were significant. GxS explained mostly the variation observed. More informative salt concentrations were found in 50 mM (99.08) and C100 mM (72.50) against 26.80 in the control environment. High salt concentrations had the lowest germination rates. Seed germination rate of cowpea genotypes decreased from 56.46 to 20.58 with a mean of 36.28 and a variance of 99.08. Despite strong correlations observed between indices, very weak ones were found between AD and STI, -0.02, -0.44, -0.7, -0.79 and -0.84 respectively at salt concentration of 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250. Mouride wild types were most tolerant to salt with a germination rate of 43 % at 50 mM versus 48 and 551 % for respectively Melakh and Yacine. Six (6) mutants were more tolerant to the weakest checks performance which was the 9th best performance.

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43

Arteaga, Sugenith, Mohamad Al Hassan, Wijesinghe Chaminda Bandara, Lourdes Yabor, Josep Llinares, Monica Boscaiu e Oscar Vicente. "Screening for Salt Tolerance in Four Local Varieties of Phaseolus lunatus from Spain". Agriculture 8, n. 12 (15 dicembre 2018): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture8120201.

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This study assessed the responses of four local Spanish cultivars of Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean) to moderate salinity. For three weeks, plants were exposed to increasing salinity (50–150 mM NaCl) under greenhouse conditions. At the end of the experiment, several growth and biochemical parameters were determined. Salt stress reduced the fresh weight of aerial organs, allowing us to rank the four genotypes according to their tolerance to salinity. The concentration of most photosynthetic pigments remained unaltered, except carotenoids that were reduced in the least salt-tolerant cv. (cultivar) VPH-79. Leaf Na+ and Cl− concentrations increased with increased salt concentration of irrigation water, but K+ either remained constant, as in the most tolerant ‘BGV-15410’, or increased in the other cultivars, resulting in an unchanged K+/Na+ ratio under stress in two of the selected cultivars. Moreover, proline increased in all cultivars, most notably in cv. VPH-79, with the highest absolute concentrations registered in the more salt tolerant cultivars. Interestingly, these cultivars already had a relatively higher proline concentration in non-stressed plants. These findings indicate that P. lunatus is moderately salt tolerant and that its main mechanisms to adjust to salinity stress are the maintenance of high concentrations of K+ and proline accumulation in leaves.

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44

Larsson, Anders, e Mikael Rasmusson. "Electrokinetic characterisation of cationic amylopectin starch; screening by salt and screening by nanosized silica particles". Carbohydrate Research 304, n. 3-4 (novembre 1997): 315–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0008-6215(97)00266-8.

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45

Uddin, MS, e KMW Hossain. "Screening of wheat genotypes against salinity at early vegetative stage in pot culture". Bangladesh Journal of Botany 47, n. 3 (28 ottobre 2018): 381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v47i3.38655.

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Experiment was carried out to investigate intraspecific variation for salt tolerance and to classify the wheat genotypes into different salt tolerant groups. Considerable variations among the genotypes in response to salinity were observed for shoot length under 16 dS/m NaCl salinity in the both seasons. Salt tolerant genotype was found to be less affected at high salinity and could be produced better total dry matter compared to other genotypes. Five and seven genotypes appeared as tolerance during 2008 - 09 and 2009 - 10, respectively based on relative total dry matter (RTDM). On the other hand, six and three genotypes exhibited tolerant during 2008 - 09 and 2009 - 10, respectively based on visual scoring. The distribution pattern of the genotypes into various salinity tolerant groups remained fairly constant under two methods. Three genotypes G24, G33 and G40 exhibited tolerant category. RTDM compared to the control would be very useful trait in salinity tolerant improvement programme. However, visual scoring provide guidelines for mass screening of salt tolerant genotypes.

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46

Hillin, Danny, Pierre Helwi e Justin J. Scheiner. "Comparison of Salt Exclusion in Muscadine and Interspecific Hybrid Grapes Using a Greenhouse Screening Procedure". HortTechnology 31, n. 6 (dicembre 2021): 771–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech04627-20.

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Bunch grapes (Euvitis) are classified as moderately salt-tolerant. However, little is known about the salt tolerance of muscadine grapes (Vitis rotundifolia). The objective of this research was to evaluate the salt exclusion capacity of muscadine grapes relative to common bunch grape rootstocks and hybrid winegrapes using a greenhouse screening assay. In two separate experiments, 31 muscadine, six bunch grape rootstocks, and five hybrid winegrape cultivars were irrigated daily with a 25-mm sodium chloride salt solution for a period of 14 d, followed by a destructive harvest to determine sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) concentrations in root and shoot tissues. Generally, the muscadines studied exhibited a greater range of salt concentration relative to bunch grape rootstocks. Total tissue (shoot and root) salt varied by 250% and 430% across muscadines and by 180% and 190% across bunch grape rootstocks for Na and Cl, respectively. Despite the wider range, muscadine grapes expressed significantly less leaf necrosis than the bunch grape rootstocks. The most effective salt-excluding muscadines, ‘Janebell’, ‘Scuppernong’, ‘Late Fry’, and ‘Eudora’, were not distinguishable from the bunch grape rootstocks [‘Paulsen 1103’ (1103P), ‘Ruggeri 140’ (140Ru), ‘Schwarzmann’, ‘Millardet et de Grasset 101-14’ (101-14 Mgt.), ‘Millardet et de Grasset 420A’ (420A), and ‘Matador’]. Overall, there was no discernable difference between the salt exclusion capacity of muscadine and bunch grapes. The hybrid winegrape ‘Blanc Du Bois’ displayed poor Na and Cl exclusion properties but showed only moderate leaf necrosis symptoms. In both experiments, ‘Blanc Du Bois’ accumulated more than two-fold higher root and shoot concentrations of Na and Cl compared with the best-performing rootstocks (1103P, 140Ru, 101-14 Mgt.), suggesting that ‘Blanc Du Bois’ could benefit from grafting if salinity is a limiting factor.

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Rao, Shiwangni, Mary Taylor e Anjeela Jokhan. "In vivo screening of salinity tolerance in Giant Swamp Taro (Cyrtosperma merkusii)". South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 32, n. 1 (2014): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sp14005.

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Giant Swamp Taro (Cyrtosperma merkusii) is a staple food crop in the Pacific, especially in the low lying atoll islands such as Tuvalu and Kiribati. This is owing to its ability to survive under poor soil conditions and harsh environments. However, as a result of the effects of climate change such as sea water inundation and intrusion into the fresh ground water lens, this crop is now under threat. To address this issue an adaption approach was taken whereby, Cyrtosperma merkusii was screened in vivo for salt tolerance. The epistemology followed random selection of two cultivars Ikaraoi and Katutu. These two cultivars were subjected to 0% (0 parts per trillion), 0.5% (5 ppt), 1% (10 ppt), 1.5% (15 ppt) and 2% (20 ppt) of salt in Yates’s advance seedling common potting mix. Both cultivars were able to tolerate salinity levels up-to 5ppt which is significantly more than the salt tolerance in glycophytes of 2.83 ppt. This research provides an insight into the variation of salt tolerance that may exist in C.merkusii gene pool, which can be used to adapt to natural disasters and buffer its impacts.

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48

Guo, Xiuxiu, Qingjun Wang, Yuan Liu, Xuejie Zhang, Luoyan Zhang e Shoujin Fan. "Screening of Salt Stress Responsive Genes in Brachypodium distachyon (L.) Beauv. by Transcriptome Analysis". Plants 9, n. 11 (9 novembre 2020): 1522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9111522.

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As one of the most common abiotic stresses, salt stress seriously impairs crop yield. Brachypodium distachyon (L.) Beauv. is a model species for studying wheat and other grasses. In the present investigation, the physiological responses of B. distachyon treated with different concentrations of NaCl for 24 h were measured. Therefore, the control and the seedlings of B. distachyon treated with 200 mM NaCl for 24 h were selected for transcriptome analysis. Transcriptome differential analysis showed that a total of 4116 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were recognized, including 3120 upregulated and 996 downregulated ones. GO enrichment assay indicated that some subsets of genes related to the active oxygen scavenging system, osmoregulatory substance metabolism, and abscisic-acid (ABA)-induced stomatal closure were significantly upregulated under salt stress. The MapMan analysis revealed that the upregulated genes were dramatically enriched in wax metabolic pathways. The expressions of transcription factor (TF) family members such as MYB, bHLH, and AP2/ERF were increased under salt stress, regulating the response of plants to salt stress. Collectively, these findings provided valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the responses of grass crops to salt stress.

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49

Li, Yuandong, Jiao Chen, Xiao Li, Haixia Jiang, Dongliang Guo, Fang Xie, Zeyang Zhang e Liqiong Xie. "Adaptive Response and Transcriptomic Analysis of Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) Seedlings to Salt Stress". Genes 13, n. 10 (20 ottobre 2022): 1904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13101904.

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Abstract (sommario):

Soil salinity constrains agricultural development in arid regions. Flax is an economically important crop in many countries, and screening or breeding salinity-resistant flax cultivars is necessary. Based on the previous screening of flaxseed cultivars C71 (salt-sensitive) and C116 (salt-tolerant) as test materials, flax seedlings stressed with different concentrations of NaCl (0, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mmol/L) for 21 days were used to investigate the effects of salt stress on the growth characteristics, osmotic regulators, and antioxidant capacity of these flax seedlings and to reveal the adaptive responses of flax seedlings to salt stress. The results showed that plant height and root length of flax were inhibited, with C116 showing lower growth than C71. The concentrations of osmotic adjustment substances such as soluble sugars, soluble proteins, and proline were higher in the resistant material, C116, than in the sensitive material, C71, under different concentrations of salt stress. Consistently, C116 showed a better rapid scavenging ability for reactive oxygen species (ROS) and maintained higher activities of antioxidant enzymes to balance salt injury stress by inhibiting growth under salt stress. A transcriptome analysis of flax revealed that genes related to defense and senescence were significantly upregulated, and genes related to the growth and development processes were significantly downregulated under salt stress. Our results indicated that one of the important adaptations to tolerance to high salt stress is complex physiological remediation by rapidly promoting transcriptional regulation in flax.

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Rahman, MH, MM Alam Patwary, H. Barua, M. Hossain e MM Hasan. "Screening of Salt Tolerant CIP Potato Germplasm for Saline Areas". Agriculturists 11, n. 1 (10 giugno 2013): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v11i1.15249.

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Abstract (sommario):

Fifteen salt tolerant CIP (International Potato Centre) Potato genotypes along with BARI (Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute) Alu 7 (Diamant) and one local variety viz., Dohazari Sada were evaluated at Bashkhali, Chittagong during 2011-12 to screen the suitable genotypes for cultivation in saline areas of Bangladesh. Diamant and Dohazari Sada and all of the CIP genotypes were found to grow well up to 60 DAP (Days After Planting) at saline areas having healthy plants and no senescence was noticed but after that 61-100% plants died due to high level of soil salinity (6.41dS/m) depending on genotypes. Genotype CIP 112 gave the highest yield (21.07 t/ha) and CIP 102 was comparatively less affected by soil salinity than the other genotypes. However, all the salt tolerant CIP genotypes were found to be promising in the saline soil. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v11i1.15249 The Agriculturists 2013; 11(1) 95-102

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