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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Scientific expeditions Antarctica"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 29 gennaio 2023

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1

Cui, Xiangbin, Jamin S. Greenbaum, Lucas H. Beem, Jingxue Guo, Gregory Ng, Lin Li, Don Blankenship, and Bo Sun. "The First Fixed-wing Aircraft for Chinese Antarctic Expeditions: Airframe, modifications, Scientific Instrumentation and Applications." Journal of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics 23, no. 1 (March 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/jeeg23.1.1.

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The Antarctic Ice Sheet plays a critical role in global climate and sea level change resulting in it being the focus of international scientific exploration. Airborne platforms have been applied to study large geographical regions of Antarctica that are logistically difficult to reach by other means. For 30 years Chinese Antarctic expeditions, have widely applied ground based platforms in Antarctica. During the 32nd Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition (years 2015/16), the first fixed-wing aircraft (Snow Eagle 601) was deployed by Polar Research Institute of China with special modifi

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Millar, Pat. "The tension between emotive/aesthetic and analytic/scientific motifs in the work of amateur visual documenters of Antarctica's Heroic Era." Polar Record 53, no. 3 (March 9, 2017): 245–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003224741700002x.

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ABSTRACTVisual documenters made a major contribution to the recording of the Heroic Era of Antarctic exploration. By far the best known were the professional photographers, Herbert Ponting and Frank Hurley, hired to photograph British and Australasian expeditions. But a great number of images – photographs and artworks – were also produced by amateurs on lesser known European expeditions and a Japanese one. These amateurs were sometimes designated official illustrators, often scientists recording their research. This paper offers a discursive examination of illustrations from the Belgian Antar

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Bernstein, Ralph E. "The Scottish National Antarctic Expedition 1902–04." Polar Record 22, no. 139 (January 1985): 379–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400005623.

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On 21 July 1904, just over 80 years ago, the barque-rigged, Norwegian-built auxiliary steamship Scotia sailed home up the Clyde with members of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition (SNAE), concluding one of the most successful expeditions of the heroic period of Antarctic exploration. Contemporaneous with the more spectacular British Antarctic Expedition (1901–03) commanded by Robert Falcon Scott, the Scotia party under William Spiers Bruce had overwintered on Laurie Island (60° 44ʹ S, 44° 50ʹ W) in the South Orkney Islands, explored for the first time the oceanography of the Weddell Sea

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Wheeler, Barbara, and Linda Young. "Antarctica in museums: the Mawson collections in Australia." Polar Record 36, no. 198 (July 2000): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400016454.

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AbstractThe relics of polar exploration are treasured in the museums of a multitude of nations. In Australia, the focus of most such collections is Sir Douglas Mawson and his expeditions to Antarctica in 1911–14 and 1929–31. The nature of these collections divides into the two large categories of scientific specimens and expedition relics. The latter are spread among Australian and other museums in a distribution that speaks of fascination with the exotic and heroic aspects of the Australasian Antarctic Expedition and the geopolitical ramifications of the British, Australian and New Zealand An

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Budd, Grahame M. "Australian exploration of Heard Island, 1947–1971." Polar Record 43, no. 2 (March 28, 2007): 97–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247407006080.

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In 1947 knowledge of Heard Island was confined to a rough mapping compiled by nineteenth-century sealers, and the results of four scientific expeditions that had briefly investigated the Atlas Cove area. Exploration continued in two distinct periods between 1947 and 1971. In the first period the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE) built a scientific station at Atlas Cove in 1947, and occupied it continuously until 1955 as an ‘A Class’ meteorological station, a seismic and magnetic observatory, and a base for other scientific studies and for exploration of the island. In

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Strecke, Volker. "60 years of the Antarctic Treaty – history and celebration in radio waves." Polarforschung 90, no. 2 (July 29, 2022): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/polf-90-13-2022.

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Abstract. The Antarctic Treaty, successfully negotiated and signed in 1959, entered into force after ratification by the 12 original signatory countries in 1961. Under the Antarctic Treaty, research activities are now carried out in Antarctica by 54 countries. These are 29 consultative and 25 non-consultative parties. Radio communications have always been an important part of all scientific activities in research stations, ships and aircraft in Antarctica. Historic expeditions in the 19th century and early 20th century had to use wired telegraph stations after returning from expeditions. Betwe

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Bernat, Paolo. "Sfida all’ultimo parallelo: la conquista del Polo Sud cento anni dopo." ACME - Annali della Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia dell’Università degli Studi di Milano, no. 03 (December 2012): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7358/acme-2012-003-bern.

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100 years ago, Antarctica was still mostly unknown and unexplored. The first landings on the Antarctic coast took place in the early decades of the nineteenth century and were made by whalers and sealers. In the following years the first scientific expeditions began and European and US expeditions started the geographical discovery and the mapping of the Antarctic coasts. But it was only in the years 1911-1912 that two expeditions, very different but equally well prepared, arrived almost simultaneously at the South Pole. The events that happened in the Antarctic together with the different nat

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Evans, John, and Philip M. Smith. "Mt. Vinson and the evolution of US policy on Antarctic mountaineering, 1960–1966." Polar Record 50, no. 3 (April 12, 2013): 277–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247413000211.

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ABSTRACTThe full extent of the height and scale of the Sentinel Range, Antarctica, was not known until reconnaissance flights and scientific traverses in the International Geophysical Year (IGY), 1957–1958. These explorations revealed the range to be twenty miles in length, with a large number of high peaks culminating in Mt. Vinson, the highest on the Antarctic continent at nearly 4900 meters. The discoveries captured the interest of the U.S. and world mountaineering communities setting off a competition to achieve the first climb of Vinson. The challenge was tempered only by the range's remo

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Wang, Yaxin. "Development of Antarctic Scientific Research and International Scientific Cooperation of China." Administrative Consulting, no. 10 (December 7, 2022): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1726-1139-2022-10-171-182.

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The purpose of this article is to summarise the current attitude of the Chinese government to Antarctic scientifc research and to characterise Antarctic scientifc research carried out by China as a non-Antarctic country by reviewing the performance of Antarctic scientifc expeditions and scientifc research in China over the last forty years.The author approaches the study from the perspective of three aspects. Firstly, there is a reviewof Chinese government documents of recent years on China’s activities in Antarctica. Particular attention is paid to scientifc research and the Chinese governmen

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Melnikov, I. A. "To the history of Antarctica: from discovery to research." Journal of Oceanological Research 48, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 142–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.29006/1564-2291.jor-2020.48(1).11.

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Systematic study of Antarctica began only a century and a half after its discovery by the Russian expedition of F. Bellingshausen and M. Lazarev on the sloops “Vostok” and “Mirny” on January 16 (20), 1820. Since the International Geophysical Year (IGY) in 1956, regular studies of ice cover, subglacial topography, geomorphology of the surrounding seas and bottom sediments, as well as marine and continental biological communities have begun on the continent and coastal waters. Scientists from the Institute of Oceanology took part in the first Russian Antarctic expeditions. Their work gave new kn

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Gan, Irina. "The reluctant hosts: Soviet Antarctic expedition ships visit Australia and New Zealand in 1956." Polar Record 45, no. 1 (January 2009): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247408007675.

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ABSTRACTRussian and Australian primary sources were examined in an attempt to reconstruct the voyage of the first composite Soviet Antarctic expedition to Antarctica and from thence to Leningrad [St Petersburg]. This expedition had the aim of constructing a base for the Soviet International Geophysical Year (IGY) commitment. In a time of cold war tension and unresolved Antarctic claims, the Australian and New Zealand governments were wary of Soviet intentions and barely tolerated visits by Soviet expeditions. However, in their interactions with Australians and New Zealanders, the Soviets were

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Savitt, Ronald. "Antarctic sledging preparations and tacit knowledge." Polar Record 40, no. 2 (April 2004): 153–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247403003346.

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The article discusses how organisational structure and culture affected the preparations for sledging in three Antarctic expeditions between 1901 and 1904. The central focus is how expedition leaders sought tacit knowledge, ‘the knowledge of how we do things.’ Two organisational types were derived from a study of 36 major polar expeditions. These – the industrial organisation and the innovative organisation – were used to analyse how sledging practices evolved in the British National Antarctic Expedition, German South Polar Expedition, and Scottish National Antarctic Expedition. Robert Falcon

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Chaturvedi, Sanjay. "India and the Antarctic Treaty System: Realities and Prospects." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 42, no. 4 (October 1986): 351–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097492848604200401.

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India feels proud of its scientific as well as diplomatic achievements in regard to the Antarctica — the most forbidding terrain on ourterra firma, a significant ‘natural laboratory’ as well as an object of innovative political experiment in international control and cooperation. With as many as five successful expeditions to this multi-faceted and multi-dimensional continent, a permanently manned scientific stationDakshin Gangotri and a coveted and enviable “consultative status” in the Antarctic Treaty System, India's presence on Antarctica is well established. The Indian entry into the eliti

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Baker, F. W. G. "Some reflections on the Antarctic Treaty." Polar Record 46, no. 1 (October 19, 2009): 2–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247409990209.

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2009 brings not only the 50th anniversary of the Antarctic Treaty but also the end of the International Geophysical Year (IGY) and of its extension into the period of International Geophysical Cooperation (IGC 1959). It is also the 133rd anniversary of K. Weyprecht's suggestion that initiated the impetus. As he noted, ‘if Polar Expeditions are looked upon merely as a sort of international steeple-chase . . . and their main object is to exceed by a few miles the latitude reached by a predecessor these mysteries (of Meteorology and Geomagnetism) will remain unsolved’ (Weyprecht 1875). Although h

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Stone, Philip. "Robert McCormick's geological collections from Antarctica and the Southern Ocean, 1839–1843." Archives of Natural History 47, no. 1 (April 2020): 147–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2020.0628.

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Robert McCormick (1800–1890) took part in three mid-nineteenth-century British Polar expeditions, two to the Arctic and one to the Antarctic. The latter, from 1839 to 1843 and led by James Clark Ross, is the best known. McCormick served as senior surgeon on HMS Erebus and was responsible for the collection of zoological and geological specimens. Despite the novelty and potential scientific importance of these early geological collections from Antarctica and remote islands in the Southern Ocean, they received surprisingly little attention at the time. Ross deposited an official collection with

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Birkenmajer, Krzysztof Ludwik. "Polskie badania polarne (zarys)." Studia Historiae Scientiarum 16 (December 18, 2017): 123–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/2543702xshs.17.007.7708.

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The article describes Polish research and discoveries in the Arctic and the Antarctic since the 19th century. The author is a geologist and since 1956 has been engaged in scientific field research on Spitsbergen, Greenland and Antarctica (23 expeditions). For many years chairman of the Committee on Polar Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, he is now its Honorary Chairman.

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Walton, D. W. H. "Antarctica and the global jigsaw – a centennial perspective." Archives of Natural History 32, no. 2 (October 2005): 394–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2005.32.2.394.

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Historical perspectives have shown how several scientific disciplines have developed their Antarctic component over the last century. Antarctic science has changed from a secondary activity of privately organised expeditions by a few countries to a major international activity supported by over 30 countries and making a major contribution to Earth System Science and the improvement of global climate models. What was once a backwater of science is now in the main stream and the seminal contributions of the Discovery expedition and others from the “Heroic Age” of exploration are now becoming cle

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Kriwoken, Lorne K., and John W. Williamson. "Hobart, Tasmania: Antarctic and Southern Ocean connections." Polar Record 29, no. 169 (April 1993): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400023548.

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abstractThis paper describes the historical and contemporary associations between Hobart (Tasmania, Australia) and Antarctica and the Southern Ocean. This association is traced from the sealing and whaling industry, through early exploration and scientific expeditions, to contemporary issues of institutional and educational development and tourism. I is argued that this polar link has placed Hobart at the centre of some important Antarctic and Southern Ocean developments.

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Cui, Xiangbin, Jamin S. Greenbaum, Shinan Lang, Xi Zhao, Lin Li, Jingxue Guo, and Bo Sun. "The Scientific Operations of Snow Eagle 601 in Antarctica in the Past Five Austral Seasons." Remote Sensing 12, no. 18 (September 15, 2020): 2994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12182994.

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The Antarctic ice sheet and the continent both play critical roles in global sea level rise and climate change but they remain poorly understood because data collection is greatly limited by the remote location and hostile conditions there. Airborne platforms have been extensively used in Antarctica due to their capabilities and flexibility and have contributed a great deal of knowledge to both the ice sheet and the continent. The Snow Eagle 601 fixed-wing airborne platform has been deployed by China for Antarctic expeditions since 2015. Scientific instruments on the airplane include an ice-pe

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Fogg, G. E. "A century of Antarctic science; planning and serendipity." Archives of Natural History 32, no. 2 (October 2005): 129–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2005.32.2.129.

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The British National Antarctic Expedition planned with discreditable bickering, sailed for the Antarctic in 1901 on the Discovery. The venture was well equipped and commanded by R. F. Scott who, without scientific training himself, was nevertheless remarkably in empathy with his scientists. The expedition was foremost among those dispatched around the same time in establishing basic knowledge of the continent. Followed by the second Scott expedition and those of Shackleton and Mawson, a cadre of able and enthusiastic scientists was established. The second involvement of the Discovery in Antarc

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Dodds, Klaus J. "Antarctica and the modern geographical imagination (1918–1960)." Polar Record 33, no. 184 (January 1997): 47–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400014169.

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AbstractThis paper examines how different technologies of exploration and mapping transformed human understanding of the Antarctic in the period 1918–1960. In the aftermath of the ‘heroic’ expeditions, European and American governments began to invest considerable monies in support of national expeditions for the purpose of claiming and mapping the polar continent. The collection of practical geographical information during the inter-war period was overtaken by the advent of polar aviation and aerial mapping in the 1930s. The aeroplane and the aerial camera played key parts in expanding stores

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Caricchia, A. M., S. Chiavarini, C. Cremisini, M. Fantini, R. Morabito, A. Perini, and M. Pezza. "Pahs in Atmospheric Particulate in the Area of Italian Scientific Base in Antarctica." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 7-8 (April 1, 1993): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0556.

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Data on PAH levels in atmospheric paniculate were determined in the frame of the environment protection activities during the VI Italian Expedition in Antarctica. Samples were collected at the four cardinal points at about 200 metres from the central point of the Italian scientific base. Results are related to basic meteorological parameters, operating parameters and fuel consumption of the waste incinerator, power generators and other engines. Data show low levels of the individual PAH (95% in the range 1-50 pg/m3) confirming the absence, up to now, of relevant contamination from Italian base

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Lüdecke, Cornelia. "Scientific collaboration in Antarctica (1901–04): a challenge in times of political rivalry." Polar Record 39, no. 1 (January 2003): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247402002735.

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When geographers recommended the exploration of the Antarctic regions at the close of the nineteenth century, Germany and Britain were eager to do their best. The promoters of Antarctic research, such as Georg von Neumayer (1826–1909) in Hamburg and Clements Markham (1830–1916) in London, could finally raise enough money to build national flagships for science. Despite unfavourable political circumstances, due to political rivalry between Germany and Great Britain, the leaders of the expeditions — Erich von Drygalski (1865–1949) and Robert Falcon Scott (1868–1912) — agreed to a scientific coll

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Cui, X., J. Guo, L. Li, X. Tang, and B. Sun. "FIELD OPERATIONS AND PROGRESS OF CHINESE AIRBORNE SURVEY IN EAST ANTARCTICA THROUGH THE “SNOW EAGLE 601”." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B3-2020 (August 21, 2020): 869–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b3-2020-869-2020.

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Abstract. The Antarctic plays a vital role in the Earth system. However, our poor knowledge of the Antarctic limits predicting and projecting future climate changes and sea level rising due to rapid changing of the Antarctic. Airborne platforms can access most places of this hostile and remote continent and measure subice properties with high resolution and accuracy. China deployed the first fixed-wing airplane of “Snow Eagle 601” for Antarctic expeditions in 2015. Airborne scientific instruments, including radio-echo sounder, gravimeter, magnetometer, laser altimeter etc., were configured and

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Lazzara, Matthew A., George A. Weidner, Linda M. Keller, Jonathan E. Thom, and John J. Cassano. "Antarctic Automatic Weather Station Program: 30 Years of Polar Observation." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 93, no. 10 (October 1, 2012): 1519–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-11-00015.1.

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Antarctica boasts one of the world's harshest environments. Since the earliest expeditions, a major challenge has been to characterize the surface meteorology around the continent. In 1980, the University of Wisconsin—Madison (UW-Madison) took over the U.S. Antarctic Program (USAP) Automatic Weather Station (AWS) program. Since then, the UW-Madison AWS network has aided in the understanding of unique Antarctic weather and climate. This paper summarizes the development of the UW-Madison AWS network, issues related to instrumentation and data quality, and some of the ways these observations have

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Bhattacharya, Bimalendu B. "Electromagnetic and electrical studies in and around Schirmacher oasis, Antarctica by Indian Antarctic scientific expeditions." Polar Science 18 (December 2018): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polar.2018.08.003.

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Davis, Georgina A. "A history of McMurdo Station through its architecture." Polar Record 53, no. 2 (January 30, 2017): 167–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247416000747.

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ABSTRACTMcMurdo Station, Antarctica, is a US Federal research facility operated year-round by the National Science Foundation (NSF). Its primary mission is to support scientific research, but it also provides logistical air and ground support for South Pole Station, seasonal field sites and nearby stations operated by other countries. It is the largest station in Antarctica, supporting up to 1,200 people. While McMurdo Station has a long scientific legacy, the facility also has an interesting architectural and engineering history that spans 60 years and has its antecedents in the ‘heroic age’

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Hemmings, Alan D., Sanjay Chaturvedi, Elizabeth Leane, Daniela Liggett, and Juan Francisco Salazar. "Nationalism in Today’s Antarctic." Yearbook of Polar Law Online 7, no. 1 (December 5, 2015): 531–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2211-6427_020.

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Whilst nationalism is a recognised force globally, its framing is predicated on experience in conventionally occupied parts of the world. The familiar image of angry young men waving Kalashnikovs means that the idea that nationalism might be at play in Antarctica has to overcome much instinctive resistance, as well as the tactical opposition of the keepers of the present Antarctic political arrangements. The limited consideration of nationalism in Antarctica has generally been confined to the past, particularly “Heroic-Era” and 1930s–1940s expeditions. This article addresses the formations of

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Borrero, Giomar, and Daniela Yepes. "Annotated and illustrated list of echinoderms collected during the Colombian scientific expeditions to the Antarctica (2016-2019)." Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras 50, SuplEsp (May 26, 2021): 85–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.25268/bimc.invemar.2021.50.suplesp.959.

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I n order to contribute to the base line of knowledge that is being built of the Gerlache Strait and the adjacent areas, the echinoderms collected during the Scientific Expeditions from Colombia to Antarctica carried out between 2016 and 2019 as part of the project “Biodiversity and oceanographic conditions of the Gerlache Strait, Biogerlache-Antártica” are presented. Eleven stations between 54 and 523 m deep were sampled, using sediment dredgers that captured incidentally some individuals from the mega and macro-epifauna, which were separated, reviewed and identified. Twentynine (29) individu

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Malaurie, Jean. "J.-B. Charcot; father of French polar research." Polar Record 25, no. 154 (July 1989): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400010780.

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AbstractBorn in 1867 and trained as a doctor, Jean-Baptiste Charcot gave up a fashionable medical practice to become, in his mid-thirties, France's leading polar explorer. His two major expeditions to the peninsular sector of Antarctica and the Bellingshausen Sea (1903–05, 1908–10) resulted in many new discoveries of land and established his reputation as a leader in the fields of scientific oceanography, research and survey. After service in World War I he continued polar work with a series of ten summer expeditions to the Arctic (1926–36), in which many young explorers were trained. Lost wit

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Bhatia, Abhijeet, Pradip Malhotra, and AshokKumar Agarwal. "Reasons for medical consultation among members of the Indian Scientific Expeditions to Antarctica." International Journal of Circumpolar Health 72, no. 1 (January 31, 2013): 20175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/ijch.v72i0.20175.

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Shatalov, N. N. "PAVLO STEFANOVICH VORONOV — OUTSTANDING POLAR GEOLOGIST (to the 100th anniversary of birth)." Geology and Mineral Resources of World Ocean 16, no. 4 (2020): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/gpimo2020.04.049.

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The article is dedicated to the outstanding geologist-polar explorer of the USSR, an outstanding naturalist, doctor of geological and mineralogical sciences, Professor Pavel Voronov in the light of 100th anniversary of his birth celebration. The main stages of the scientist’s life, his achievements in studying the geology of a lot of regions of the Arctic Ocean are considered. The contribution of the scientist to the research of geology, tectonics, geography, geomorphology and glaciology of the southern hemisphere of our planet was especially noted. In the 40th-50th years of the last century P

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Nirwan, Mohit. "Human psychophysiology in Antarctica." Sri Ramachandra Journal of Health Sciences 2 (July 15, 2022): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/srjhs_4_2022.

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Antarctica is a natural laboratory for scientists and an adventure destination for tourists. It has challenging yet beautiful landscape. Due to extreme environment and isolation, wintering over in Antarctica is still challenging, even with advancement in accommodations. Polar scientists have focused on the aspects of Antarctica according to their specialty. For example, psychologists have highlighted polar psychology; likewise, physiologists and other allied human biologists have pointed-out to biochemistry, immunology, and stress biology. A researcher new to Antarctica gets confused to encoun

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Olshtynska, Olexandra P., and Stanislav P. Olshtynsky. "PETRO FEODOSIIOVYCH GOZHYK: OCEANIC, MARINE AND ANTARCTIC RESEARCH." Collection of Scientific Works of the Institute of Geological Sciences of the NAS of Ukraine 14, no. 1 (May 20, 2021): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30836/igs.2522-9753.2021.228225.

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The article provides a brief overview of the publications, as well as our own memories about the doctor of geological and mineral sciences, Academician Petro Feodosiiovych Gozhyk — scientist, researcher that had state- and strategic level thinking, about his contribution to the development of marine geological works in the Institute of Geological Sciences of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, his role in the creation of the Ukrainian Antarctic Center (nowadays the National Antarctic Research Center of The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine) and the importance of his personality

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Rincón, Natalia, Erasmo Macaya, and Sara Guzmán. "Contributions to the knowledge of macroalgae of the Gerlache Strait - Antarctica." Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras 50, SuplEsp (May 26, 2021): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25268/bimc.invemar.2021.50.suplesp.958.

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This research is a contribution to the knowledge of some marine macroalgae species collected during the “Admiral Padilla” (2016-2017) and “Admiral Campos” (2018-2019) scientific expeditions, in which the Marine and Coastal Research Institute-Invemar participated with the project “Biodiversity and Oceanographic Conditions of the Gerlache Strait-Biogerlache-Antartica”. Samples were taken using a Shipek dredge; and underwater video recordings were made with a ROV (Remote Operated Vehicle). Six (6) species were identified: four (4) Rhodophyta and two (2) Ochrophyta-Phaeophyceae. Depth and zonation

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Cormaci, M. "The macrophytobenthos of Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea, Antarctica): results of three Italian scientific expeditions." Giornale botanico italiano 129, no. 5-6 (January 1995): 1233–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11263509509436474.

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37

Brat, Kristian, Zdeněk Merta, and Pavel Ševčík. "Effects of moderate- to high-level physical performance on blood levels of cardiac biomarkers in extreme conditions of Antarctica." Czech Polar Reports 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cpr2014-1-2.

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Abstract (sommario):

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of extreme climatic conditions (particularly cold) on levels of cardiac biomarkers after moderate- to high-level physical performance in members of the 6th and 7th Czech Antarctic Scientific Expeditions during their field work in Antarctica. A study evaluating performance-related changes in levels of cardiac biomarkers in extreme conditions of Antarctica. A total of 35 venous blood samples were collected and analyzed from 17 subjects. The first series of blood samples were collected prior to physical performance, the second 8 to 12 hours post-exe

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38

Andrei, Constantin-Octavian, Sonja Lahtinen, Maaria Nordman, Jyri Näränen, Hannu Koivula, Markku Poutanen, and Juha Hyyppä. "GPS Time Series Analysis from Aboa the Finnish Antarctic Research Station." Remote Sensing 10, no. 12 (December 1, 2018): 1937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10121937.

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Continuous Global Positioning System (GPS) observations have been logged at the Finnish Antarctic research station (Aboa) since February 2003. The station is located in Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica. Almost 5000 daily observation files have been archived based on yearly scientific expeditions. These files have not been fully analysed until now. This study reports for the first time on the consistent and homogeneous data processing and analysis of the 15-year long time series. Daily coordinates are obtained using Precise Point Positioning (PPP) processing based on two approaches. The firs

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39

Cui, X., S. Lang, L. Li, and B. Sun. "ON-SITE DATA-PROCESSING ALGORITHM AND OPTIMIZATION FOR AIRBORNE ICE SOUNDING RADAR CONFIGURED ON THE “SNOW EAGLE 601”." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B3-2021 (June 28, 2021): 449–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b3-2021-449-2021.

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Abstract. Airborne observation is an important approach to collect data in the remote, hostile Antarctica and study the relationship between the Antarctica and global climate. During airborne observations, it is necessary to conduct data processing and quality control on site, which can help to timely evaluate the status of airborne instruments, provide scientific clues, and develop ideal schemes for following airborne observations. As one critical component of airborne instruments, airborne ice sounding radar can delineate sub-ice bedrock topography and internal layers, which cannot be realiz

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40

Blanchette, Robert A., Benjamin W. Held, Joel A. Jurgens, Jackie Aislabie, Shona Duncan, and Roberta L. Farrell. "Environmental pollutants from the Scott and Shackleton expeditions during the ‘Heroic Age’ of Antarctic exploration." Polar Record 40, no. 2 (April 2004): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247403003334.

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Abstract (sommario):

Early explorers to Antarctica built wooden huts and brought huge quantities of supplies and equipment to support their geographical and scientific studies for several years. When the expeditions ended and relief ships arrived, a rapid exodus frequently allowed only essential items to be taken north. The huts and thousands of items were left behind. Fuel depots with unused containers of petroleum products, asbestos materials, and diverse chemicals were also left at the huts. This investigation found high concentrations of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in soils under and around the historic fuel dep

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Luis, Alvarinho J. "Oceanographic features of the Indian Ocean sector of Coastal Antarctica (Short Communication)." Czech Polar Reports 10, no. 1 (August 7, 2020): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cpr2020-1-10.

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A review is presented on physical oceanographic features based on expendable CTD data collected in the Indian Ocean sector of the Southern Ocean. The thermohaline structure is dominated by Circumpolar Deep Water. The temperature and salinity are affected by cyclonic circulation in the Weddell Sea and Prydz Bay. High chlorophyll-a blooms (2-4 mg m-3) evolve during austral summer due to stratification which is caused by freshwater generated from the sea ice melt and the glacial outflow which traps phytoplankton in a shallow mixed layer, where they are exposed to higher irradiances of photosynthe

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42

Verfaillie, D., M. Fily, E. Le Meur, O. Magand, B. Jourdain, L. Arnaud, and V. Favier. "Snow accumulation variability derived from radar and firn core data along a 600 km transect in Adelie Land, East Antarctic plateau." Cryosphere 6, no. 6 (November 16, 2012): 1345–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-6-1345-2012.

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Abstract. The mass balance of ice sheets is an intensively studied topic in the context of global change and sea-level rise. However – particularly in Antarctica – obtaining mass balance estimates remains difficult due to various logistical problems. In the framework of the TASTE-IDEA (Trans-Antarctic Scientific Traverses Expeditions – Ice Divide of East Antarctica) program, an International Polar Year project, continuous ground penetrating radar (GPR) measurements were carried out during a traverse in Adelie Land (East Antarctica) during the 2008–2009 austral summer between the Italian–French

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Leane, Elizabeth. "The Adelie Blizzard: the Australasian Antarctic Expedition's neglected newspaper." Polar Record 41, no. 1 (January 2005): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247404003973.

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To prevent boredom and restlessness during early Arctic and Antarctic over-wintering expeditions, leaders often encouraged ‘cultural’ activities, one of the most successful of which was the production of newspapers. Expedition members contributed poetry, short fiction, and literary criticism as well as scientific articles and accounts of their daily activities. These newspapers provide an important insight into the experiences and attitudes of the men who took part in the expeditions. In some cases, the newspaper would be published on the expedition's return, as a means of publicity, fund-rais

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FERNANDEZ, JULIO C. C., DIEGO BRAVO-GÓMEZ, CÉSAR A. CÁRDENAS, and EDUARDO HAJDU. "Sponges from Doumer Island, Antarctic Peninsula, with description of new species of Clathria (Axosuberites) Topsent, 1893 and Hymeniacidon Bowerbank, 1858, and a re-description of H. torquata Topsent, 1916." Zootaxa 4728, no. 1 (January 21, 2020): 77–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4728.1.4.

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Antarctic sponges were mainly studied from trawling or dredging (shallow and deep water) during pioneering oceanographic expeditions carried out since the late 19th century. More recently, sponge collections by SCUBA diving have allowed the detection of species in more cryptic habitats such as rocky walls. In this study, we analyzed Antarctic sponges collected by SCUBA (in 2016 to 2018; shallower than 25 m) around Doumer Island (Palmer Archipelago, Western Antarctic Peninsula—WAP), where only five sponge species have been known. We gathered over 215 specimens, most part identified; 18 known sp

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45

Miroshnychenko, Olena A. "THE ROLE OF AGE DIFFERENCES OF INDIVIDUAL-TYPOLOGICAL FEATURES OF UKRAINIAN WINTERERS IN THE PROCESS OF ADAPTATION TO EXTREME CONDITIONS." Scientific Notes of Ostroh Academy National University: Psychology Series 1, no. 13 (June 24, 2021): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2415-7384-2021-13-63-67.

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The article considers the individually-typology features of Ukrainian winterers and its role in the process of adaptation to extreme living conditions. The relevance of the article is based on the fact that Ukraine for 26 years has the opportunity to explore the White Continent at the Ukrainian Antarctic Station “AcademicianVernadsky”. Wintering of the Ukrainian polar explorers is related to the protracted stay on a limit territory that requires adaptation to the social isolationsensory and psychological deprivation in wintering. The aim of the article is to present psychological studies the i

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46

Thomson, M. R. A., and Alan P. M. Vaughan. "The role of Antarctica in the development of plate tectonic theories: from Scott to the present." Archives of Natural History 32, no. 2 (October 2005): 362–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2005.32.2.362.

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One hundred years of geological research in and around Antarctica since Scott's Discovery expedition of 1901–1904 have seen the continent move from a great unknown at the margins of human knowledge to centre stage in the development of plate tectonics, continental break-up and global climate evolution. Research in Antarctica has helped make the Gondwana supercontinent a scientific fact. Discoveries offshore have provided some of the key evidence for plate tectonics and extended the evidence of global glaciation back over 30 million years. Studies of Antarctica's tectonic evolution have helped

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47

Strange, Carolyn. "Griffith Taylor's Antarctica: science, sentiment, and politics." Polar Record 46, no. 1 (September 2, 2009): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247409008420.

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ABSTRACTGriffith Taylor (1880–1963) was a scientific member of the Terra Nova expedition. Although he published initially on his geomorphological, glaciological and meteorological research, conducted between 1910 and 1912, he was also a teacher, lecturer, publicist and later political commentator on Antarctica. Initially a loyal ‘Britisher’ he developed an internationalist perspective on Antarctica without compromising his self-promotional ambitions. Through his professional career in Australia, the US and Canada over the early to mid twentieth century Antarctica's shifting scientific, cultura

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48

Benassai, Silvia, Silvia Becagli, Roberto Gragnani, Olivier Magand, Marco Proposito, Ilaria Fattori, Rita Traversi, and Roberto Udisti. "Sea-spray deposition in Antarctic coastal and plateau areas from ITASE traverses." Annals of Glaciology 41 (2005): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756405781813285.

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AbstractSea-salt markers (Na+, Mg2+ and Cl–) were analyzed in recent snow collected at more than 600 sites located in coastal and central areas of East Antarctica (northern Victoria Land–Dome C–Wilkes Land), in order to understand the effect of site remoteness, transport efficiency and depositional and post-depositional processes on the spatial distribution of the primary marine aerosol. Firn-core, snow-pit and 1m integrated superficial snow samples were collected in the framework of the International Trans-Antarctic Scientific Expeditions (ITASE) project during recent Italian Antarctic Campai

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49

Ainley, David G. "A history of the exploitation of the Ross Sea, Antarctica." Polar Record 46, no. 3 (September 2, 2009): 233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003224740999009x.

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ABSTRACTRecent analyses of anthropogenic impacts on marine systems have shown that the Ross Sea is the least affected stretch of ocean on Earth, although historical effects were not included in those studies. Herein the literature is reviewed in order to quantify the extent of extraction of biological resources from the Ross Sea continental shelf and slope from the start of the 20th century. There was none before that time. An intense extraction of Weddell seals Leptonychotes weddellii by the expeditions of the ‘heroic’ period and then by New Zealand to feed sled dogs in the 1950–1980s caused

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50

Cooper, A. P. R., J. L. Smellie, and J. Maylin. "Evidence for shallowing and uplift from bathymetric records of Deception Island, Antarctica." Antarctic Science 10, no. 4 (December 1998): 455–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102098000558.

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Deception Island is a large volcanic centre in Bransfield Strait, a very young marginal basin between the South Shetland Islands and Antarctic Peninsula. It has a historical record of volcanic activity, with the most recent eruption occurring in 1970. The island is a stratovolcano with a large flooded caldera forming a natural harbour known as Port Foster. It has been a focus of human activity since early last century, as a base for whaling and sealing expeditions and the locus of several scientific stations. During that period, many bathymetric surveys were carried out, the earliest in 1829 a

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