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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Secondary precipitation"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 8 giugno 2024

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1

Gu, Yi Jie, Yong Hu, Hong Quan Liu, Heng Hui Zhou, Zhen Guo, and Zu Wang Hu. "Synthesis the Precursor of LiNi_0.5Mn_0.5O₂ via an Improved Carbonate Co-Precipitation." Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (May 2011): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.32.

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Spherical Ni0.5Mn0.5CO3 is synthesized via carbonate co-precipitation method which uses NH4HCO3 as the precipitator. However, obvious agglomerate of secondary particles occurs when NH4HCO3 is used as the precipitator. The agglomerate particles can result in inferior physical characteristic. An improved carbonate co-precipitation which used NH4HCO3 doped with different proportion of NaOH as a new precipitator is tested in our study. Observed by SEM and Mastersizer, spherical morphology with narrow particle size distribution is synthesized with the proportion of NaOH reaches 10%. The element lin

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2

Wysocka, Izabela. "Wastewater parameters after the process of phosphorus compounds removal by the metal dissolution method in comparison with precipitation and electrocoagulation methods." Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobów Naturalnych 28, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/oszn-2017-0001.

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Abstract Precipitation methods are commonly used for removing phosphorus compounds from wastewater. Chemical precipitation method, based on adding iron, aluminium or calcium salts to the treated wastewater, is often used. Another possible way of precipitating phosphates is metal dissolution method, which is presented in this paper. The main difference between these two methods is how the phosphate precipitating ions are introduced to the wastewater. This paper discusses advantages and disadvantages of the metal dissolution method in comparison with traditional precipitation methods. Difference

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3

Yang, Song, Kwo-Sen Kuo, and Eric A. Smith. "Persistent Nature of Secondary Diurnal Modes of Precipitation over Oceanic and Continental Regimes." Journal of Climate 21, no. 16 (August 15, 2008): 4115–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jcli2140.1.

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Abstract This investigation seeks a better understanding of the assorted mechanisms controlling the global distribution of diurnal precipitation variability based on the use of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) microwave radiometer and radar data. The horizontal distributions of precipitation’s diurnal cycle are derived from 8 yr of TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) and Precipitation Radar (PR) measurements involving three TRMM standard rain retrieval algorithms; the resultant distributions are analyzed at various spatiotemporal scales. The results reveal both the prominent and expected

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4

Shin, Byung-Hyun, Dohyung Kim, Sanghyup Park, Myungwon Hwang, Junghyun Park, and Wonsub Chung. "Precipitation condition and effect of volume fraction on corrosion properties of secondary phase on casted super-duplex stainless steel UNS S32750." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 66, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-06-2018-1958.

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Purpose The secondary phase decreased the corrosion resistance because of the segregation of Cr and Mo. Therefore, this paper aims to study the precipitation condition and the effect of secondary phase with volume fraction on corrosion behavior. Design/methodology/approach Secondary phase precipitated approximately from 375°C to 975°C because of saturated Cr and Mo at grain boundary by growth of austenite. Therefore, heat treatment from 800°C to 1,300°C was applied to start the precipitation of the secondary phase. Findings The secondary phase is precipitated at 1,020°C because of segregation

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5

Ryu, Young-Hee, Seung-Ki Min, and Christoph Knote. "Role of Upwind Precipitation in Transboundary Pollution and Secondary Aerosol Formation: A Case Study during the KORUS-AQ Field Campaign." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 61, no. 2 (February 2022): 159–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-21-0162.1.

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Abstract Clouds and precipitation play critical roles in wet removal of aerosols and soluble gases in the atmosphere, and hence their accurate prediction largely influences accurate prediction of air pollutants. In this study, the impacts of clouds and precipitation on wet scavenging and long-range transboundary transport of pollutants are examined during the 2016 Korea–United States Air Quality (KORUS-AQ) field campaign using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model coupled with chemistry. Two simulations—one in which atmospheric moisture is constrained and one in which it is not—are perfor

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6

Lumley, R. N., I. J. Polmear, and A. J. Morton. "Interrupted aging and secondary precipitation in aluminium alloys." Materials Science and Technology 19, no. 11 (November 2003): 1483–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/026708303225008112.

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7

Yang, F. M., X. F. Sun, W. Zhang, Y. P. Kang, H. R. Guan, and Z. Q. Hu. "Secondary M6C precipitation in K40S cobalt-base alloy." Materials Letters 49, no. 3-4 (June 2001): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-577x(00)00361-x.

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8

Macchi, C. E., A. Somoza, A. Dupasquier, and I. J. Polmear. "Secondary precipitation in Al–Zn–Mg–(Ag) alloys." Acta Materialia 51, no. 17 (October 2003): 5151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6454(03)00364-1.

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9

Li, Y. H., J. D. Fambrough, and C. T. Montgomery. "Mathematical Modeling of Secondary Precipitation From Sandstone Acidizing." SPE Journal 3, no. 04 (December 1, 1998): 393–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/53001-pa.

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10

Holba, V. "Secondary structure of periodic precipitation patterns in gelatin." Colloid & Polymer Science 267, no. 5 (May 1989): 456–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01410193.

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11

Balabin, Yuriy, Aleksey Germanenko, Boris Gvozdevsky, Evgeniy Maurchev, and Evgeniya Mikhalko. "Precipitation-related increase events of the electromagnetic component of secondary cosmic rays: Spectral analysis." Solar-Terrestrial Physics 9, no. 2 (June 29, 2023): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/stp-92202305.

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We report the measurement results of differential spectra of electromagnetic radiation in the range 0.1–4 MeV, which occurs in the atmosphere as a component of secondary cosmic rays. Spectral monitoring was performed using a spectrometer based on the Nai (TL) crystal in 2022–2023. The main purpose of the measurements was to determine spectral characteristics of the electromagnetic radiation during increase events, when the electromagnetic radiation flux from the atmosphere rises by tens of percent with respect to the background level. From a thorough analysis of the spectra of many dozens of e

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12

Palomo, C., N. Rodríguez, E. Iglesias, J. Nieto, J. Cobos, and J. Quiñones. "Incorporation of REE into Secondary Phase Studtite." MRS Proceedings 1665 (2014): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2014.630.

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ABSTRACTThe formation of uranyl peroxide phases was identified as a corrosion product of spent fuel by Hanson et al [1]. The subsequent analysis of this phase showed that metastudtite retained 241Am, 237Np and 239Pu [2]. In this study, the retention of radionuclide Pu4+ and An3+, released from the spent fuel matrix into studtite structure, has been evaluated by the precipitation of studtite from uranyl dissolution with variable concentrations of REE (Th, Nd, Sm and Eu). Three different precipitation conditions parameters were studied: media of synthesis, time of synthesis and REE concentration

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13

Svetozarević, Jelena. "Precipitation changes in the hills of the upper Nišava river basin (1961-2020)." Pirotski zbornik, no. 47 (2022): 119–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/pirotzbor2247119s.

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The study represents a report on the monthly, seasonal and annual amounts of precipitation, extremely dry and extremely rainy periods. The paper analyzes two 30-year periods from 1961-1990. and from 1991-2020. Data from the four meteorological stations in the upper part of the Nišava basin (Babušnica, Bela Palanka, Pirot and Dimitrovgrad) have ben used, three of which are in the Nišava basin and one of which (Babušnica) is in the immediate vicinity of the basin. The main goal of the paper is to provide an overview of the change in the precipitation in Pirot district at the end of the 21st cent

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14

Semenova, Irina P., та Alexander Medvedev. "Influence of Severe Plastic Deformation and Ageing on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of β-Alloy Ti-6.8Mo-4.5Fe-1.5Al". Materials Science Forum 667-669 (грудень 2010): 731–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.667-669.731.

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This work presents the possibility of strength enhancement in the -alloy Ti-6.8Mo-4.5Fe-1.5Al via equal channel angular pressing at room temperature without precipitation of a secondary -phase. Influence of the initial structure of the alloy and ageing temperature on the density of precipitations and dimensions of the secondary -phase is revealed. It has been stated that combination of the solid solution treatment with the subsequent ECAP processing and final ageing is an effective way to achieve superior strength and ductility.

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15

Rožnovská, Gabriela, Vlastimil Vodárek, and Zdeněk Kuboň. "Precipitation of Secondary Phases in a Supermartensitic 13Cr6Ni2.5MoTi Steel during Heat Treatment." Materials Science Forum 891 (March 2017): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.891.161.

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The balance between strength and toughness of supermartensitic steels can be controlled by heat treatment parameters. Quality heat treatment usually consists of quenching and single or double tempering above the Ac1 temperature. Such a treatment results in stabilization of reverted austenite in the tempered martensite. Tempering can also be accompanied by intensive precipitation processes, especially in high alloyed grades. A detailed TEM characterisation of precipitation processes in a 13Cr6Ni2.5MoTi supermartensitic steel proved that single tempering at temperatures of 600°C and 690°C was ac

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16

Lilensten, J., and M. Galand. "Proton-electron precipitation effects on the electron production and density above EISCAT (Tromsø) and ESR." Annales Geophysicae 16, no. 10 (October 31, 1998): 1299–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-998-1299-8.

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Abstract. The suprathermal particles, electrons and protons, coming from the Sun and precipitating into the high-latitude atmosphere are an energy source for the Earth's ionosphere. They interact with the ambient thermal gas through inelastic and elastic collisions. Most of the physical quantities perturbed by the precipitation, such as the electron production rate, may be evaluated by solving the stationary Boltzmann transport equation, which yields the particle fluxes as a function of altitude, energy, and pitch angle. This equation has been solved for the three different suprathermal specie

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17

Gultepe, I., A. J. Heymsfield, P. R. Field, and D. Axisa. "Ice-Phase Precipitation." Meteorological Monographs 58 (January 1, 2017): 6.1–6.36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/amsmonographs-d-16-0013.1.

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AbstractIce-phase precipitation occurs at Earth’s surface and may include various types of pristine crystals, rimed crystals, freezing droplets, secondary crystals, aggregates, graupel, hail, or combinations of any of these. Formation of ice-phase precipitation is directly related to environmental and cloud meteorological parameters that include available moisture, temperature, and three-dimensional wind speed and turbulence, as well as processes related to nucleation, cooling rate, and microphysics. Cloud microphysical parameters in the numerical models are resolved based on various processes

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18

Chaus, Alexander S., and F. I. Rudnickii. "Diffusion and Secondary Carbide Precipitation in High-Speed Steels." Defect and Diffusion Forum 297-301 (April 2010): 1071–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.297-301.1071.

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Besides primary carbides, so-called secondary carbides are usually observed in high-speed steel (HSS) microstructure, which precipitate from the oversaturated solid solution upon its cooling. Some of the secondary carbides precipitate from an oversaturated austenite at cooling during solidification or quenching, in both cases, in the form of the relatively big particles in the bulk of a matrix. Considerably finer secondary carbides precipitate in martensitic condition during tempering inducing secondary hardening in HSSs. In general, secondary carbides of both types have obvious effect on the

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19

Yin, M., D. D. Risanti, Jiang Hua Chen, and Sybrand van der Zwaag. "A TEP Study on the Microstructural Development in AA2024 during Interrupted Ageing." Advanced Materials Research 89-91 (January 2010): 669–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.89-91.669.

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This work utilizes thermoelectric power (TEP) measurement to track secondary precipitation during the interrupted ageing cycle for AA2024 alloys as well as the subsequent re-ageing cycle. Clear evidences of secondary precipitation were observed which affect the further precipitation sequence during re-ageing. The TEM results confirm that S and S” phases co-exist upon re-ageing.

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20

Baumann, Carsten, Markus Rapp, and Antti Kero. "Secondary electron emission from meteoric smoke particles inside the polar ionosphere." Annales Geophysicae 34, no. 6 (June 23, 2016): 573–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-573-2016.

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Abstract. The charging by secondary electron emission (SEE) from particles is known as a significant charging process in astrophysical plasmas. This work aims at evaluating the significance of SEE for charging of meteoric smoke particles (MSPs) in the Earth's polar atmosphere. Here, the atmosphere is subject to a bombardment of energetic electrons from the magnetosphere (and partly the sun). We employ the SEE formalism to MSPs in the upper mesosphere using electron precipitation fluxes for three different precipitation strengths. In addition, we address the possible effect of tertiary electron

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21

Krähenmann, S., and B. Ahrens. "On daily interpolation of precipitation backed with secondary information." Advances in Science and Research 4, no. 1 (March 29, 2010): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/asr-4-29-2010.

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Abstract. This paper investigates the potential impact of secondary information on rainfall mapping applying Ordinary Kriging. Secondary information tested is a natural area indicator, which is a combination of topographic features and weather conditions. Cross validation shows that secondary information only marginally improves the final mapping, indicating that a one-day accumulation time is possibly too short.

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22

OISHI, Yoshiki, Shintaro MIYAMOTO, Hiroshi MINAGAWA, and Makoto HISADA. "STUDY ON PRECIPITATION MECHANISM OF ETTRINGITE AS SECONDARY MINERAL." Cement Science and Concrete Technology 71, no. 1 (2017): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14250/cement.71.117.

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23

Buha, J., R. N. Lumley, A. G. Crosky, and K. Hono. "Secondary precipitation in an Al–Mg–Si–Cu alloy." Acta Materialia 55, no. 9 (May 2007): 3015–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2007.01.006.

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24

Shin, Byung-Hyun, Dohyung Kim, and Jang-Hee Yoon. "Crystallization of Secondary Phase on Super-Duplex Stainless Steel SAF2507: Advanced Li-Ion Battery Case Materials." Crystals 14, no. 4 (April 18, 2024): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst14040378.

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The demand for Li-ion batteries has increased because of their extensive use in vehicles and portable electronic devices. This increasing demand implies greater interaction between batteries and humans, making safety a paramount concern. Although traditional batteries are fabricated using Al, recent efforts to enhance safety have led to the adoption of AISI304. The strength and corrosion resistance of AISI304 are greater than those of Al; however, issues such as stress-induced phase transformation and low high-temperature strength have been observed during processing. Duplex stainless steel SA

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25

Chen, Yong, Xin Long Zhang, Ji Lai Lu, Wei Jing Liu, and Yong Tu. "Accelerated Seeded Precipitation Pre-Treatment for the Improvement of Reverse Osmosis Membrane." Applied Mechanics and Materials 477-478 (December 2013): 1365–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.477-478.1365.

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The research on accelerated seeded precipitation pre-treatment for the improvement of secondary RO membrane was investigated. The influences of seed type, initial pH and seed dosage on accelerated seeded precipitation were studied. SEM images for the secondary RO membrane were also discussed.

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Shin, Byung-Hyun, Seongjun Kim, Jinyong Park, Jung-Woo Ok, Dohyung Kim, and Jang-Hee Yoon. "Study of Precipitated Secondary Phase at 700 °C on the Electrochemical Properties of Super Duplex Stainless Steel AISI2507: Advanced High-Temperature Safety of a Lithium-Ion Battery Case." Materials 17, no. 9 (April 25, 2024): 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17092009.

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Super duplex stainless steel (SDSS) is a suitable structural material for various engineering applications due to its outstanding strength and corrosion resistance. In particular, its high-temperature strength can enhance the safety of electronic products and cars. SDSS AISI2507, known for its excellent strength and high corrosion resistance, was analyzed for its microstructure and electrochemical behavior at the ignition temperature of Li-ion batteries, 700 °C. At 700 °C, AISI2507 exhibited secondary phase precipitation values of 1% and 8% after 5 and 10 h, respectively. Secondary phase preci

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27

Jia, Wenxiong, Hui Xiong, Guofeng Zhu, Yang Shi, Zhiyuan Zhang, Le Yang, Miaomiao Zhang, and Fuhua Zhang. "Influence of Sub-Cloud Secondary Evaporation and Moisture Sources on Stable Isotopes of Precipitation in Shiyang River Basin, Northwest China." Water 14, no. 17 (August 30, 2022): 2700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14172700.

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Fractionation of stable isotopes in precipitation runs through the water cycle, and deuterium excess is a second-order parameter linking water-stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopes. It is strongly influenced by under-cloud evaporation in unsaturated air, especially in arid climates. Based on the improved Stewart model, this study used 670 precipitation stable isotope data and measured meteorological element data from 11 sampling points from January 2018 to September 2019 to verify the existence of sub-cloud secondary evaporation in the Shiyang river basin and quantitatively calculate the intensi

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Koutsoukis, T., Abdelkrim Redjaïmia, and G. Fourlaris. "Characterization of Precipitation Sequences in Superaustenitic Stainless Steels." Solid State Phenomena 172-174 (June 2011): 493–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.172-174.493.

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Superaustenitic stainless steels exhibit excellent corrosion resistance, at a wide variety of exposure temperatures, especially in chloride containing environments, coupled with desirable mechanical properties. Previous studies have shown that these steels are prone to precipitation of secondary phases, such as sigma phase (σ), chi phase (χ), Laves-phase, carbides, nitrides or secondary austenite, when exposed at elevated temperatures, directly affecting their mechanical properties and corrosion behaviour. A detailed study of the effect of isothermal ageing on the microstructure of S32654 (Fe-

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Zhou, Ben Zhi, Xiao Ming Wang, Yong Hui Cao, Wei Jian Kong, and Yi Lin Tang. "Water and Soil Conservation Characteristics for Two Typical Subtropical Forests in Southeast China." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 4827–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.4827.

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Moso bamboo and natural secondary forests are the typical forest types in subtropical area in China. With field observation at the Qiangjiangyuan Forest Ecosystem Research Station. the effect of the two typical forests was compared on soil and water conservation and their difference was quantified. The results showed that: (1) The runoff coefficients for moso bamboo and natural broad-leaved secondary forest go up with increase of precipitation. (2) Natural broad-leaved secondary and moso bamboo forests both are pretty good in preservation of water source and water and soil conservation. The fo

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Calliari, Irene, Marco Breda, Claudio Gennari, Luca Pezzato, Massimo Pellizzari, and Andrea Zambon. "Investigation on Solid-State Phase Transformations in a 2510 Duplex Stainless Steel Grade." Metals 10, no. 7 (July 17, 2020): 967. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10070967.

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Duplex and Super Duplex Stainless Steels are very prone to secondary phases formation related to ferrite decomposition at high temperatures. In the present paper the results on secondary phase precipitation in a 2510 Duplex Stainless Steel, heat-treated in the temperature range 850–1050 °C for 3–30 min are presented. The precipitation starts at grain boundaries with a consistent ferrite transformation for very short times. The noses of the Time–Temperature–Precipitation (TTP) curves are at 1000 °C for σ-phase and at 900 °C for χ-phase, respectively. The precipitation sequence involves a partia

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Sosa, Matías, Alejandro Sepulveda Buitrago, and Alberto Carlos Picasso. "STUDY OF M23C6 PRECIPITATION IN A 45Ni-35Cr-Nb ALLOY." Acta Metallurgica Slovaca 25, no. 3 (September 25, 2019): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.12776/ams.v25i3.1312.

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<p class="AMSmaintext">The 45Ni-35Cr-Nb alloy, commonly known as ET45 micro, produced in the form of centrifugally cast tubes, was studied by means of optical microscopy after aging treatments at 1073 and 1173 K for different times. A description of M<sub>23</sub>C<sub>6</sub> secondary carbides precipitation phenomenon was made as a function of time. The purpose of carrying out a kinetic study of the precipitation of this phase is to be able to calculate the activation energy required for secondary precipitation. This allows to infer what is the mechanism associa

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Woodley, William L., and Daniel Rosenfeld. "Secondary Seeding as a Means of Propagating Seeding Effects in Space and Time." Journal of Weather Modification 34, no. 1 (January 26, 2018): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.54782/jwm.v34i1.232.

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Secondary seeding, whereby unseeded clouds ingest ice particles from clouds that earlier had received direct glaciogenic (e.g., silver iodide) treatment, is hypothesized to be a possible additional mechanism for the propagation of seeding effects in space and for time. The ingested ice particles, after experiencing some growth in the donor cloud, act to glaciate the receptor cloud during its active growth phase and provide it precipitation embryos. These embryos give the new cloud a head-start on precipitation development as they grow further as graupel to precipitation size in the updraft lad

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Lumley, Roger N., J. Buha, Ian J. Polmear, A. J. Morton, and A. Crosky. "Secondary Precipitation in Aluminium Alloys & Its Role in Modern Heat Treatment." Materials Science Forum 519-521 (July 2006): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.519-521.283.

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This paper reviews some of the practical outcomes of exploiting secondary precipitation during the heat treatment of aluminium alloys and discusses current understanding of this phenomenon. Recent studies have utilised the techniques of positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS), 3D atom probe (3DAP) as well as the more traditional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to investigate early precipitation events that occur during secondary ageing at low temperatures (~20-65°C). This work has confirmed that clustering and GP zone formation can modify the

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Kim, Yu-Mi, Se-Weon Choi, Young-Chan Kim, Chang-Seok Kang, and Sung-kil Hong. "Influence of the Precipitation of Secondary Phase on the Thermal Diffusivity Change of Al-Mg2Si Alloys." Applied Sciences 8, no. 11 (October 24, 2018): 2039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8112039.

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Al-Si-Mg alloys are investigated to determine the relationship between changes in the thermal diffusivity and precipitation behavior of the Mg2Si phase with various contents of Mg2Si and aging treatment conditions. The samples were solid solution-treated and then quenched with water (80 °C). Aging treatments were implemented at temperatures ranging from 180 to 240 °C for 5 h. The precipitation behavior of Mg2Si was observed using a heat flow curve using differential scanning calorimetry analysis. The thermal diffusivity of Al-Mg2Si alloy was affected by the precipitation of the Mg2Si phase, pa

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Shi, Wei Ning, Hai Fei Zhou, and Xin Fang Zhang. "Rapid Dissolution of Secondary Phase in Cold-Rolling Al-Cu-Mg Alloy by Electropulsing Treatment." Materials Science Forum 990 (May 2020): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.990.3.

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The Al-Cu-Mg alloy is a precipitation-strengthening alloy, which is traditionally dissolving lots of secondary phase and precipitating in subsequent aging process, thus having been applied to aerospace and automobile industry due to its low density and high strength. However, the high temperature and long operating time needed for the dissolution of secondary phase consume numerous energy. In this work, rapid dissolution of secondary phase in cold-rolling Al-Cu-Mg alloy was achieved by coupling treatment of thermal field and pulsed electric current. The energy consumption for dissolving second

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de Alencar Pires, Sandro, Marcos Flavio de Campos, C. J. Marcelo, and Carlos Roberto Xavier. "Secondary Austenite Precipitation during the Welding of Duplex Stainless Steels." Materials Science Forum 869 (August 2016): 562–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.869.562.

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In this work a multipass welding procedure was carried out on a 2205 Duplex stainless steels (DDS) plate. Due to the reheating cycle caused by the adopted procedure, it has favored the precipitation of secondary austenite at the weldment microstructure, besides of encouraging the grain growth at the heat affected zone (HAZ).

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Mesquita, Rafael Agnelli, Celso Antonio Barbosa, E. Valencia Morales, and H. J. Kestenbach. "Secondary Carbide Precipitation in Low Silicon Hot Work Tool Steels." Materials Science Forum 636-637 (January 2010): 612–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.636-637.612.

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A reduction from 1.0 to 0.3%Si has recently been shown to improve mechanical properties of H11-type hot work tool steels. The present paper shows that an important improvement in toughness can be explained by the effect of Si content on the precipitation sequence of secondary carbides during tempering after quenching. Carbide particle distributions were observed and identified by electron microscopy, allowing to relate the effect of Si on mechanical properties directly to its effect on cementite and subsequent alloy carbide formation during high temperature tempering.

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Smoukov, Stoyan K., István Lagzi, and Bartosz A. Grzybowski. "Independence of Primary and Secondary Structures in Periodic Precipitation Patterns." Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 2, no. 4 (January 31, 2011): 345–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jz101679t.

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39

Lissarrague, Matías Humberto Sosa, Alfredo Juan, César Lanz, Bruno La Rocca, and Alberto Picasso. "KINETIC ANALYSIS OF SECONDARY PRECIPITATION IN A HP40-Nb ALLOY." Acta Metallurgica Slovaca 25, no. 4 (December 18, 2019): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.12776/ams.v25i4.1361.

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<p class="AMSmaintext1">The HP40-Nb heat resistant alloy (35Ni-25Cr-Nb) was analysed by means of optical microscopy after aging treatments at 1073 and 1173 K for different times, in order to apply the classic Johnson – Mehl - Avrami – Kolmogorov kinetic model (JMAK), and thus calculate the activation energy of secondary M<sub>23</sub>C<sub>6 </sub>precipitation, which occurs during thermal aging. The relevance of this theoretical analysis is to infer the mechanism that controls the nucleation and growth of M<sub>23</sub>C<sub>6</sub> second

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40

Jiang, W. H., X. D. Yao, H. R. Guan, Z. Q. Hu, and W. H. Jiang. "Secondary carbide precipitation in a directionally solified cobalt-base superalloy." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 30, no. 3 (March 1999): 513–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-999-0043-7.

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41

Jönsson, Jörgen, Julia Jönsson, and Lars Lövgren. "Precipitation of secondary Fe(III) minerals from acid mine drainage." Applied Geochemistry 21, no. 3 (March 2006): 437–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2005.12.008.

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42

Германенко, Алексей, Aleksey Germanenko, Юрий Балабин, Yuriy Balabin, Борис Гвоздевский, Boris Gvozdevsky, Леонид Щур, and Leonid Schur. "Nature of gamma radiation variations during atmospheric precipitations." Solar-Terrestrial Physics 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/19880.

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The Polar Geophysical Institute has developed a complex facility for continuously monitoring various components of secondary cosmic rays. Gamma radiation during precipitation events has been found to increase the year round regardless of the season. A series of experiments has revealed that there is no precipitation pollution by any natural or artificial radionuclides. Radiation spectrum does not have any characteristic lines of elements. We propose a mechanism providing a satisfactory description for this phenomenon.

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43

Patrick, C. J., D. J. McGarvey, J. H. Larson, W. F. Cross, D. C. Allen, A. C. Benke, T. Brey, et al. "Precipitation and temperature drive continental-scale patterns in stream invertebrate production." Science Advances 5, no. 4 (April 2019): eaav2348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav2348.

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Secondary production, the growth of new heterotrophic biomass, is a key process in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems that has been carefully measured in many flowing water ecosystems. We combine structural equation modeling with the first worldwide dataset on annual secondary production of stream invertebrate communities to reveal core pathways linking air temperature and precipitation to secondary production. In the United States, where the most extensive set of secondary production estimates and covariate data were available, we show that precipitation-mediated, low–stream flow events have

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44

Sullivan, Sylvia C., Christian Barthlott, Jonathan Crosier, Ilya Zhukov, Athanasios Nenes, and Corinna Hoose. "The effect of secondary ice production parameterization on the simulation of a cold frontal rainband." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 22 (November 21, 2018): 16461–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-16461-2018.

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Abstract. Secondary ice production via processes like rime splintering, frozen droplet shattering, and breakup upon ice hydrometeor collision have been proposed to explain discrepancies between in-cloud ice crystal and ice-nucleating particle numbers. To understand the impact of this additional ice crystal generation on surface precipitation, we present one of the first studies to implement frozen droplet shattering and ice–ice collisional breakup parameterizations in a mesoscale model. We simulate a cold frontal rainband from the Aerosol Properties, PRocesses, And InfluenceS on the Earth's Cl

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45

Moras, Charly A., Lennart T. Bach, Tyler Cyronak, Renaud Joannes-Boyau, and Kai G. Schulz. "Ocean alkalinity enhancement – avoiding runaway CaCO₃ precipitation during quick and hydrated lime dissolution." Biogeosciences 19, no. 15 (August 1, 2022): 3537–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3537-2022.

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Abstract. Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is a method that can remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere and counteract ocean acidification through the dissolution of alkaline minerals. Currently, critical knowledge gaps exist regarding the dissolution of different minerals suitable for OAE in natural seawater. Of particular importance is to understand how much alkaline mineral can be dissolved before secondary precipitation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) occurs, since secondary CaCO3 precipitation reduces the atmospheric CO2 uptake potential of OAE. Using two types of mineral proposed

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46

Pezzato, Luca, Mattia Lago, Katya Brunelli, Marco Breda, Enrico Piva, and Irene Calliari. "Effect of Secondary Phases Precipitation on Corrosion Resistance of Duplex Stainless Steels." Materials Science Forum 879 (November 2016): 1495–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.879.1495.

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Abstract (sommario):

Duplex Stainless steels (DSS) are biphasic austeno-ferritic steels in which the best combination of mechanical and corrosion resistance properties is achieved for almost equal volume fraction of the phases. These steels are classified according to their pitting corrosion resistance, assessed by the PREN index (Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number) which, although qualitatively, is widely employed as comparison. The present work is aimed to study the pitting resistance of four DSS grades (SAF 2101, 2304, 2205 and 2507) in the as-received condition and after isothermal aging in the critical rang

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47

Salem, Islam, Mohamed Kamal El-Fawkhry, Ahmed A. Abdel-Khalek, M. H. Khedr, and Taha Mattar. "Exo-Inoculant Modification of Secondary Phase Precipitation in H13 Tool Steel." Key Engineering Materials 835 (March 2020): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.835.13.

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Abstract (sommario):

Secondary phase carbides in term of type and morphology are considered as the most challenge facing the applications of hot work tool steel. AISI H13 tool steel is one of the most applicable hot work tool steel grades. M23C6, M6C and MC are the common secondary carbides that are forming throughout the martensite matrix of H13 tool steel. In this research, nanoinoculant silicon nitride was added to the molten H13 tool steel to act as an inoculant for the secondary carbide categories through ladle treatment process. By using OM and SEM, it was observed that nanoinoculant has the great impact in

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48

Lawson, R. Paul, Roelof Bruintjes, Sarah Woods, and Colin Gurganus. "Coalescence and Secondary Ice Development in Cumulus Congestus Clouds." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 79, no. 4 (April 2022): 953–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-21-0188.1.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract Understanding ice development in cumulus congestus (CuCg) clouds, which are ubiquitous globally, is critical for improving our knowledge of cloud physics, precipitation and climate prediction models. Results presented here are representative of data collected in 1008 penetrations of moderate to strong updrafts in CuCg clouds by five research aircraft in six geographic locations. The results show that CuCg with warm (∼23°C) cloud-base temperatures, such as in tropical marine environments, experience a strong collision–coalescence process. Development of coalescence is also correlated w

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49

Dedekind, Zane, Annika Lauber, Sylvaine Ferrachat, and Ulrike Lohmann. "Sensitivity of precipitation formation to secondary ice production in winter orographic mixed-phase clouds." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 19 (October 12, 2021): 15115–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15115-2021.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract. The discrepancy between the observed concentration of ice nucleating particles (INPs) and the ice crystal number concentration (ICNC) remains unresolved and limits our understanding of ice formation and, hence, precipitation amount, location and intensity. Enhanced ice formation through secondary ice production (SIP) could account for this discrepancy. Here, in a region over the eastern Swiss Alps, we perform sensitivity studies of additional simulated SIP processes on precipitation formation and surface precipitation intensity. The SIP processes considered include rime splintering,

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50

Makhmutov, V. S., E. A. Maurchev, G. A. Bazilevskaya, and I. A. Mironova. "Development of a Method for Recovery of the Energy Spectra of Precipitating Electrons from the Data of Measurements in the Atmosphere." Геомагнетизм и аэрономия 63, no. 5 (September 1, 2023): 638–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0016794023600564.

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Abstract (sommario):

Regular measurements of fluxes of charged particles in the Earth’s atmosphere conducted by theLebedev Physical Institute (LPI) made it possible to register since 1963 more than 500 cases of precipitationof energetic electrons in the northern polar latitudes. The obtained experimental data represent the world’sonly database on the precipitation of electrons registered directly in the Earth’s atmosphere. Primary precipitatingelectrons are absorbed in the upper layers of the atmosphere. However, the fluxes of secondary photonsgenerated by them can penetrate deep into the atmosphere, sometimes to

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