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1
BEHRENS, BERND-ARNO, MARCUS BISTRON, ARMIN KUEPER e KAI MOEHWALD. "INVESTIGATION OF LOAD ADAPTED GEARS AND SHAFTS MANUFACTURED BY COMPOUND-FORGING". Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Systems 07, n. 01 (giugno 2008): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219686708001292.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The demand for economic processes concerning manufacturing technology, cycle time and material properties has led to the development of near net-shape techniques. Precision forging is a well-known manufacturing technology to achieve high output rates. An approach of optimization concerning the part material to produce load-adapted material properties is the so-called compound-forging. Therefore, two different alloys are forge-welded together. Non-tempering and tempering steels are used to compound-forge gears with a hard and wear-resistant surface layer as well as a ductile bulk material. Compound-forging was developed to forge spur gears and shall now be introduced to manufacture helical gears and shafts. For the production of gears and shafts billets made from non-tempering steels are forge-welded together with billets consisting of tempering steels by precision forging as well as indirect impact extrusion. In this paper, the comparison of the material properties of compound-forged gear wheels and shafts with a hard and wear resistant surface layer and a ductile bulk material is given. Mechanical properties as well as the micro-structure of the parts were investigated. The results of the investigations show a load-adapted material distribution of forge-welded materials for the production of gears and shafts.
2
Nothdurft, Sarah, Vannila Prasanthan, Berend Denkena, Bernd Breidenstein, Thilo Grove, Hendrik Ohrdes, Jens Twiefel et al. "Surface Integrity of Laser Beam Welded Steel–Aluminium Alloy Hybrid Shafts after Turning". Metals 9, n. 2 (26 gennaio 2019): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9020134.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The demands for high-performance solid components are constantly increasing. The reason for this development are the steadily growing requirements such as weight reduction, higher resistance to load stresses, and more functional integration. By using material compounds, for example high-strength steel and aluminium alloy, hybrid massive components, whose properties are specially adapted to the specific application, can be manufactured. The first challenge is the joining of two dissimilar materials like steel and aluminium alloy by laser beam welding. In particular, the formation of hard and brittle intermetallic phases (IMP) has a high influence on the mechanical properties of the joining zone. The second challenge is to examine the machinability of such dissimilar compounds. The machining process is mandatory in order to reach an adequate level of accuracy of shape and dimensions. Furthermore, the functionalization of the hybrid compounds will be realized with the machining process where required surface roughness and lifetime-determining residual stresses are adjusted. Connections between induced residual stresses and material properties have been investigated. A significant influence of machining parameters on the surface and subsurface properties is evident. In particular, the cutting edge rounding has a deep impact on the residual stresses as well as on surface roughness.
3
RODRÍGUEZ, YOLANDA LUCAS, GUILLERMO SAN MARTÍN e DIETER FIEGE. "New species and records of the genus Syllis Savigny in Lamarck, 1818 (Annelida: Syllidae) from Socotra Archipelago (Indian Ocean)". Zootaxa 4742, n. 1 (19 febbraio 2020): 73–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4742.1.4.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Based on a census of the polychaete fauna of the Socotra Archipelago in the Indian Ocean we report here new findings on the genus Syllis Savigny in Lamarck, 1818. These ten species are newly recorded from this area: Syllis alternata Moore, 1908; Syllis bouvieri Gravier, 1900; Syllis broomensis (Hartmann-Schröder, 1979); Syllis compacta Gravier, 1900; Syllis crassicirrata (Treadwell, 1925); Syllis gerlachi (Hartmann-Schröder, 1960); Syllis hyalina Grube, 1863; Syllis lutea (Hartmann-Schröder, 1960); Syllis schulzi (Hartmann-Schröder, 1960); Syllis ypsiloides Aguado, San Martín & Ten Hove, 2008. Additionally, Syllis qamhiyn sp. nov. is described as a new species, characterized by its conspicuously thick and short dorsal cirri filled with a gelatinous substance and reduced number of compound chaetae from medium to posterior parapodia, with enlarged shafts and short blades which become almost unidentate and do not fuse with shafts. Following an examination of the holotype of S. bouvieri, its status as a valid species and not as synonym of Syllis prolifera Krohn, 1852, as considered by some authors (see Licher 1999) is confirmed, and a redescription is included.
4
FAULWETTER, SARAH, AIKATERINI VASILEIADOU, NAFSIKA PAPAGEORGIOU e CHRISTOS ARVANITIDIS. "Description of a new species of Streptosyllis (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from the Mediterranean and Canary Islands with a re-description of Streptosyllis arenae and comments on the taxonomy of Streptosyllis and some morphologically similar genera". Zootaxa 1847, n. 1 (11 agosto 2008): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1847.1.1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A new Streptosyllis species, S. nunezi n. sp., is described from shallow sandy substrates in the Mediterranean and the Canary Islands. The new species is distinguished by a unique combination of characters: teeth of the shafts of the compound chaetae covered by hyaline hood; 1–2 lateral tips formed by the hyaline hood covering the blades of the compound chaetae; strongly serrated dorsal simple chaetae which appear as 2–4 robust teeth when viewed laterally. The re-description of its closest congener, the type species S. arenae Webster and Benedict, 1884, is also provided based on the type material, as well as a key to the currently valid species and table of characters for the genus. Finally, some comments are made for the characters distinguishing the genera Streptosyllis, Syllides, Anoplosyllis, Astreptosyllis and Streptospinigera, which are listed in a table and a potential key for their identification is proposed.
5
Guo, Han, Jianwu Zhang e Haisheng Yu. "Robust optimisation of dynamic and NVH characteristics for compound power-split hybrid transmission". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part K: Journal of Multi-body Dynamics 233, n. 4 (25 giugno 2019): 817–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464419319856774.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this paper, vibro-acoustic characteristics of a power-split hybrid transmission including a compound planetary gear set are investigated by numerical procedure and refined system dynamics modelling. For validation of the numerical predictions, bench tests are performed for dynamic and acoustic responses of the hybrid transmission, contribution rates of acoustic radiation power induced due to the planetary gears, support bearings, transmission shafts and the gearbox housing are estimated. In improving the noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) performance of the transmission during hybrid vehicle acceleration, traction torques of the motors against the planetary gear parametric resonance are formulated and an optimal control strategy is proposed. By real road NVH test results acquired on board of the midsize hybrid car, it is demonstrated that a significant reduction of the planetary gear whine noise is achieved. As a result, numerical approaches applied to establish relationships between torques of the two traction motors and parametric excitations of the compound planetary gear train are experimentally validated.
6
Kanellopoulos, Chrysanthos, e Eleni Zavvou. "THE AGORA OF GYTHEUM". Annual of the British School at Athens 109 (16 ottobre 2014): 357–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245414000070.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Roman ‘Agora’ of Gytheum appears to be a large compound with an interior peristyle; its width is 52 m and its length at least 61 m. Excavations have revealed the remains of the north-east corner and a portion of the west wing. The extant architectural blocks allow the reconstruction of the colonnades. Column shafts were made of local red limestone and at least some of them were crowned with lotus-and-acanthus capitals. Three different interaxial column spacings are present. A single column must have stood on each corner of the peristyle. The style of the column capital suggests a date after the yearad100. The entablature is almost identical, in both style and dimensions, to the one found on the Captives' Facade at Corinth. The inscription on two epistyles reveals the private dedication of an exedra totheoi Sebastoiand the city. Most probably the exedra was behind the colonnaded space; the mention oftheoi Sebastoimight suggest imperial cult either in the exedra alone or both in the exedra and in the entire colonnaded compound. Quite possibly, and following A. Themos' suggestion, a large part of the colonnaded compound that is conventionally termed the ‘Agora’ can be identified with the Sebasteum/Caesareum of Gytheum; this latter structure is attested in other inscriptions from the city.
7
Rozhon, Wilfried, Wuyan Wang, Franz Berthiller, Juliane Mayerhofer, Tingting Chen, Elena Petutschnig, Tobias Sieberer, Brigitte Poppenberger e Claudia Jonak. "Bikinin-like inhibitors targeting GSK3/Shaggy-like kinases: characterisation of novel compounds and elucidation of their catabolism in planta". BMC Plant Biology 14, n. 1 (2014): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2229-14-172.
Testo completo
8
Guo, Han, Jianwu Zhang e Haisheng Yu. "Dynamic modelling and parametric optimization of a full hybrid transmission". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part K: Journal of Multi-body Dynamics 233, n. 1 (17 luglio 2018): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464419318784271.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this paper, vibro-impact-induced gear whine radiated by full hybrid transmission equipped with a compound type power-split planetary gear train is investigated. For accurate simulations of the planetary gear set vibrations, an integrated dynamic model of the transmission is established using professional software MASTA, on which compliance effects of gear pairs, bearings, shafts, housing and planetary carrier are counted for. Numerical analyses are carried out for dynamic responses of the hybrid transmission. Bench tests are also conducted for the present model validation. Computational effort is made to recognize parametrically resonate patterns that cause gear whine in experiment. An optimal tooth modification design is presented for the real planetary gear set. It is shown by test results using the optimized planetary gear sets that gear whine responses of the gearboxes are considerably improved.
9
Bingol, Zeynebe, Hatice Kızıltaş, Ahmet C. Gören, Leyla Polat Kose, Meryem Topal, Lokman Durmaz, Saleh H. Alwasel e İlhami Gulcin. "Antidiabetic, anticholinergic and antioxidant activities of aerial parts of shaggy bindweed (Convulvulus betonicifolia Miller subsp.) – profiling of phenolic compounds by LC-HRMS". Heliyon 7, n. 5 (maggio 2021): e06986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06986.
Testo completo
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PARESQUE, KARLA, GUILLERMO SAN MARTÍN, PATRICIA ÁLVAREZ-CAMPOS, JOÃO MIGUEL DE MATOS NOGUEIRA e MARCELO VERONESI FUKUDA. "Two new species and new records of the genus Paraopisthosyllis Hartmann-Schröder, 1991 (Annelida: Syllidae) from northeastern Brazil and Philippine Islands". Zootaxa 4178, n. 1 (20 ottobre 2016): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4178.1.5.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Two new species of Paraopisthosyllis are described herein, P. correiae sp. nov. (State of Pernambuco, NE Brazil) and P. kuluguhin sp. nov. (Philippines). Paraopisthosyllis correiae sp. nov. represents the first record for the genus in Brazilian waters and it is also the second species known to occur outside the Pacific Ocean. This species is characterized by having a marked color pattern, with a transverse red stripe between dorsal cirri on each segment and an inverted V anteriorly and a V posteriorly on some segments, small papillae on body, large, distinct papillae on dorsal cirri, compound chaetae with elongated, bidentate blades, shafts with moderate subdistal serration on margin, pharyngeal tooth located on anterior third of pharynx, near the pharyngeal opening, and reproduction by schizogamy. Paraopisthosyllis kuluguhin sp. nov. represents the first report of the genus for the Philippines, together with P. pardus, originally known from Australia and also found in the Philippines in the present study. This new species is characterized by its color pattern, with dark patches irregularly distributed on anterior segments, forming one anterior pigmented short band and two lateral areas on each chaetiger after the proventricle, club-shaped dorsal cirri, and short, bidentate compound chaetae. Our findings allow us to synonymize the genus Basidiosyllis to Paraopisthosyllis and represent the first report of sexual stolons (scissiparity) in this genus, which supports its allocation into the subfamily Syllinae.
11
Zodrow, Erwin L., Josef Pšenička e Wei-Ming Zhou. "Reproductive Biology of the Arborescent Seed-Fern Linopteris obliqua: Implications for Taxonomy (Medullosales, Late Pennsylvanian Sydney Coalfield, Canada)". Folia Musei rerum naturalium Bohemiae occidentalis. Geologica et Paleobiologica 54, n. 1-2 (1 dicembre 2020): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fbgp-2020-0002.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractA shaley slab (65 x 45 x 7 cm) from the Sydney Coalfield, Canada, Cantabrian age, on splitting apart revealed 2 – 3 layers each entombing thousands of abscised pinnules of Linopteris obliqua and eight dispersed compound-synangial structures. The campanulary-ventral-sporal micromorphology of the best preserved structure of these compares sufficiently well with previously reported structures from the Sydney Coalfield named Potoniea krisiae. Earlier studies involving larger sampling suites furthermore contributed to the observation that Hexagonocarpus sp. (female organ) and P. krisiae (male organ) usually co-occur with abscised L. obliqua pinnules; however, these two organs do not co-occur on isochronous bedding planes. In the absence of confirmatory organic attachments, the presented data provide as yet the strongest support for the hypothesis of the organs’ connectivity, but whether female-male trees existed or not, and the mode of attachment of the organs remain unknown. Hypothesized for the latter is pinnate attachment.
12
SURUGIU, VICTOR, e GUILLERMO SAN MARTÍN. "Taxonomic contribution to the genus Sphaerosyllis (Annelida: Syllidae: Exogoninae) in the Black Sea". Zootaxa 4329, n. 3 (4 ottobre 2017): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4329.3.6.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
During a study of fauna associated with a shallow-water Zostera (Zosterella) noltei bed from the southern part of the Romanian Black Sea coast, among the identified material collected in 2015, a syllid polychaete belonging to the subfamily Exogoninae, Sphaerosyllis taylori Perkins, 1981, represents a new record for the Black Sea. Re-examination of available specimens previously identified as Sphaerosyllis bulbosa Southern, 1914 revealed that they belong to an unknown species, described herein as Sphaerosyllis pontica sp. nov. The new species is characterized by the median antenna inserted more posteriorly than the lateral antennae, dorsal cirri with bulbous bases and very short tips, shorter than the parapodial lobes, dorsal cirri absent on chaetiger 2, parapodial glands with fibrillar material from chaetiger 4 onwards, compound chaetae with short blades and smooth shafts, anterior parapodia with two aciculae each, one straight and one with bent tip. Descriptions of both species are provided together with a key to all Sphaerosyllis species known from the Black Sea.
13
Zodrow, Erwin L., Josef Pšenička e Wei-Ming Zhou. "Reproductive Biology of the Arborescent Seed-Fern Linopteris obliqua: Implications for Taxonomy (Medullosales, Late Pennsylvanian Sydney Coalfield, Canada)". Folia Musei rerum naturalium Bohemiae occidentalis. Geologica et Paleobiologica 54, n. 1-2 (1 dicembre 2020): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fbgp-2020-0002.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract A shaley slab (65 x 45 x 7 cm) from the Sydney Coalfield, Canada, Cantabrian age, on splitting apart revealed 2 – 3 layers each entombing thousands of abscised pinnules of Linopteris obliqua and eight dispersed compound-synangial structures. The campanulary-ventral-sporal micromorphology of the best preserved structure of these compares sufficiently well with previously reported structures from the Sydney Coalfield named Potoniea krisiae. Earlier studies involving larger sampling suites furthermore contributed to the observation that Hexagonocarpus sp. (female organ) and P. krisiae (male organ) usually co-occur with abscised L. obliqua pinnules; however, these two organs do not co-occur on isochronous bedding planes. In the absence of confirmatory organic attachments, the presented data provide as yet the strongest support for the hypothesis of the organs’ connectivity, but whether female-male trees existed or not, and the mode of attachment of the organs remain unknown. Hypothesized for the latter is pinnate attachment.
14
Kirillov, S. G., E. S. Semykin, N. I. Mokritskaya, A. R. Krishtapovich e S. S. Efimenko. "Rock Mass Movement in Development of Talnakh and Oktyabrskoye Deposits. Measures to Protect Undermined Buildings and Facilities". Mining Industry (Gornay Promishlennost), n. 6/2020 (29 dicembre 2020): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2020-6-106-111.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The paper reviews the main causes and factors affecting the rock mass movement processes. Based on instrumental surveys performed by specialized organizations it was established that the rock mass movement develops slowly and evenly without sinkholes and large cracks on the ground surface. The protection measures for buildings and facilities can be divided into two types: mine protection measures and structural measures. The main facilities at the Talnakh deposits that are subject to protection are generally located within the service sites for auxiliary ventilation, rock and material shafts. These facilities are used mainly for industrial purposes. Industrial buildings include, first of all, surface shaft facilities (buildings and the winding towers), hoist engine buildings, stowage facilities, large ventilation and compressor units, mechanical repair shops, electrical substations, administrative and amenity buildings, etc. Currently, the main protection measure for the above mentioned facilities is backfilling of the mined-out space with solidifying compounds, which drastically reduces the amount of deformations in the rock mass and on the ground surface and, as many years of experience have shown, ensures uninterrupted operation of most of the facilities within the mine impact zone without applying additional mining and structural protection measures.
15
Genta, Giancarlo. "On the dynamics of a massless beam with end mass rotating in the three-dimensional space". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 227, n. 3 (18 ottobre 2012): 434–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406212463870.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Many elements of machines, like shafts, blades, connecting rods, etc., are often modeled using the so-called beam theory and, when these elements rotate with respect to an inertial reference frame, this rotation can deeply affect their dynamic behavior. The position of the beam with respect to the rotation axis and the possibility that the rotation is more complicated than a simple constant-rate rotation about a fixed axis influence this effect, and different models are usually employed. As a result, different phenomena, like gyroscopic effect, centrifugal stiffening or softening, and instability due to rotation are often mentioned in reference to the different cases. The aim of this article is that of building a much simplified beam model, and to subject it to a compound, nonconstant rate rotation. Since the model can be solved in closed form, at least in several cases, a general discussion of the revant phenomena can be done to shed some light on some aspects, like the instability ranges due to rotation and to the damping of the system.
16
Breidenstein, Bernd, Berend Denkena, Tobias Mörke e Vannila Prasanthan. "Non-Destructive Determination of Residual Stress Depth Profiles of Hybrid Components by Energy Dispersive Residual Stress Measurement". Key Engineering Materials 742 (luglio 2017): 613–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.742.613.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Through the combination of two or more materials to one compound, for example high-strength steel and aluminum, hybrid massive components can be manufactured, whose properties are specially adapted to the respective application. One of the challenges is the joining zone which is influenced by machining induced residual stresses. In order to examine the residual stress modifications by the machining process and in addition to analyze the influence of these residual stress gradients on the lifespan of hybrid components a non-destructive method of measuring depth-resolved residual stress is necessary. Therefore, an innovative energy dispersive X-ray measurement technique is used in the collaborative research center 1153 (CRC 1153). In this study the suitability of the method is examined by comparing the results with the angle dispersive method both in machined front surface of mono materials and hybrid shafts. A parametrical study shows the possibility to get greater depth information by variation of the measuring parameters Bragg angle, tilting angle, collimator and current. In addition, the results of the energy dispersive method combined with electrolytic removal is shown. Based on these results the evaluation of the reliability and reproducibility of energy dispersive residual stress measurements is completed.
17
Park, James L. "The dynamic behaviour of an arrow in wind". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 234, n. 3 (24 marzo 2020): 268–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754337120910015.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Target archery competitions are conducted outdoors, exposed to the prevailing weather conditions. Competition takes place over long target distances and wind drift of the arrows is a significant cause of score loss. In this article, the dynamic behaviour of an arrow in free flight and wind drift are modelled, allowing for both the arrow initially aligning itself with the resultant airflow and the arrow flexing. The arrow has been modelled as an inextensible flexible beam, and the resulting partial differential equations solved using a finite difference method. Lift and drag for the various arrow components have been calculated using the local angle of attack for those components. It is shown that archers should use small diameter arrow shafts with a high density in order to minimise wind drift. Even for the best arrows, the drift for a 3-m/s side wind is greater than four score rings for a recurve bow at a target distance of 70 m with a 1220-mm diameter target face and nearly two score rings for a compound bow at a target distance of 50 m with an 800-mm diameter target face.
18
Zeng, Jingjue, Muhammad Salman Haider, Junbo Huang, Yanshuai Xu, Tariq Pervaiz, Jiao Feng, Huan Zheng e Jianmin Tao. "Functional Characterization of VvSK Gene Family in Grapevine Revealing Their Role in Berry Ripening". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, n. 12 (18 giugno 2020): 4336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21124336.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The glycogen synthase kinase 3/shaggy kinase (GSK3) is a serine/threonine kinase that plays important roles in brassinosteroid signaling, abiotic stress responses, cell division, and elongation, etc. In this study, we characterized seven grape GSK3 genes, showing high similarities with homologs from other species including Arabidopsis, white pear, apple, orange, and peach. Gene chip microarray data derived from an online database revealed very diverse developmental and tissue-specific expression patterns of VvSKs. VvSK3 and VvSK7 showed much higher expression levels in almost every tissue compared with other members. VvSK7 was highly enriched in young tissues like berries before the veraison stage, young leaves and green stems, etc., but immediately downregulated after these tissues entered maturation or senescence phases. Prediction of cis-elements in VvSK promoters indicated that VvSKs might be sensitive to light stimulation, which is further confirmed by the qPCR data. Constitutive overexpression of VvSK7 in Arabidopsis leads to dwarf plants that resembles BR-deficient mutants. The photosynthetic rate was significantly reduced in these plants, even though they accumulated more chlorophyll in leaves. Transient overexpression of VvSKs in tomatoes delayed the fruit ripening process, consistent with the observation in grapevine which blocks VvSKs by EBR- or BIKININ-promoted berry expansion and soluble solids accumulation. Data presented in the current study may serve as a theoretical basis for the future application of BRs or related compounds in quality grape production.
19
Pham, Minh-Tuan, Jong-Myon Kim e Cheol-Hong Kim. "2D CNN-Based Multi-Output Diagnosis for Compound Bearing Faults under Variable Rotational Speeds". Machines 9, n. 9 (14 settembre 2021): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines9090199.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Bearings prevent damage caused by frictional forces between parts supporting the rotation and they keep rotating shafts in their correct position. However, the continuity of work under harsh conditions leads to inevitable bearing failure. Thus, methods for bearing fault diagnosis (FD) that can predict and categorize fault type, as well as the level of degradation, are increasingly necessary for factories. Owing to the advent of deep neural networks, especially convolutional neural networks (CNNs), intelligent FD methods have achieved significantly higher performance in terms of accuracy. However, in addition to accuracy, the efficiency issue still needs to be weathered in complicated diagnosis scenarios to adapt to real industrial environments. Here, we introduce a method based on multi-output classification, which utilizes the correlated features extracted for bearing compound fault type classification and crack-size classification to serve both aims. Additionally, the synergy of a time–frequency signal processing method and the proposed two-dimensional CNN helped the method perform well under the condition of variable rotational speeds. Monitoring signals of acoustic emission also had advantages for incipient FD. The experimental results indicated that utilizing correlated features in multi-output classification improved both the accuracy and efficiency of multi-task diagnosis compared to conventional CNN-based multiclass classification.
20
Iida, Jin, Takafumi Yoshikawa, Kazuhide Miyazaki, Noriko Okumura e Yoshinori Takakura. "Osteogenic Potential of Estriol-Treated Cultured Bone - In Vitro and In Vivo -". Key Engineering Materials 284-286 (aprile 2005): 651–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.284-286.651.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Osseous tissue can be formed by culturing marrow cells with compounds such as dexamethasone and that a bone matrix cultured in this manner possesses BMP activity. We have reported that artificial bones with a high level of osteogenic potential can be prepared by culturing artificial bone materials with cultured osseous tissue. Here, in an attempt to develop activated cultured bone constructs with even greater osteogenic potential, the effects of the female hormone estriol on osteogenesis were investigated. Bone marrow cells were collected from the femur shafts of 7-week-old male Fischer rats, and subjected to primary and secondary cultures. During secondary culture with or without dexamethasone (Dx), 10-5, 10-6, 10-7, 10-8 or 10-9 M of estriol was added to a standard culture medium containing ascorbic acid and β-glycerophosphosphate. The alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity and Ca levels were measured and statistically analyzed. There was a significant difference in ALP activity between the control group and the estriol groups, and ALP activity was the highest in the 10-7 and 10-8 M groups, being about 2.5 times higher than in the control group. Similar results were seen for Ca levels. Furthermore, in vivo study showed10-7M-estriol-treated-cultured bone/ceramic construct has significant high osteogenic potential when it is grafted into in vivo. Estriol has been reported to increase bone mass, and the results of the present study suggest that the osteogenic potential of cultured bone constructs can be more than doubled by adjusting the concentration of estriol in bone marrow cell culture. Therefore, the use of estriol may be able to facilitate osteogenesis in bone regeneration therapy.
21
SEDICK, SAFIYYA, e CAROL SIMON. "Three new species of Syllis Savigny in Lamarck, 1818 (Annelida: Syllidae) from the south coast of South Africa". Zootaxa 4688, n. 4 (24 ottobre 2019): 585–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4688.4.10.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Over the last five decades, only two new species of Syllis (Syllidae, Annelida) have been described from South Africa, suggesting a greatly underestimated richness and the expectation that many more indigenous species still remain undescribed. In this paper, we describe three new species from algal turf along a rocky shore on the south coast of South Africa. All three species are characterised by having pseudo-simple chaetae by loss of blade and enlargement of shafts together with compound heterogomph bidentate falcigers. Syllis zahri sp. nov. (up to 5 mm long) is characterised by light pink to light brown colouration on its prostomium and anterior chaetigers, dark transverse bars that fade towards the posterior region, superior anterior chaetae having short spines and posterior parapodia with distally hollow aciculae. Syllis jaylani sp. nov. (up to 7 mm long) is narrow anteriorly, relatively wider at midbody and tapers posteriorly toward the pygidium, has a pharyngeal tooth slightly back from the anterior margin, strongly bidentate chaetae with teeth perpendicular to the main shaft, thin sinuose bidentate ventral simple chaetae with a serrated edge and pseudo-simple chaetae with a serrated edge in anterior parapodia. Syllis bunaa sp. nov. (up to 9 mm long) shows a characteristic dark brown colouration on its prostomium and anterior region, is distinctly rounded dorsally, and has unidentate or minutely bidentate chaetae, up to three pseudo-simple chaetae on parapodia along the whole body and posterior ventral simple chaetae that are thick with rounded tips or sinuose with a serrated inner edge.
22
Ahmed, R., O. Ali, C. C. Berndt e A. Fardan. "Sliding Wear of Conventional and Suspension Sprayed Nanocomposite WC-Co Coatings: An Invited Review". Journal of Thermal Spray Technology 30, n. 4 (aprile 2021): 800–861. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11666-021-01185-z.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractThe global thermal spray coatings market was valued at USD 10.1 billion in 2019 and is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 3.9% from 2020 to 2027. Carbide coatings form an essential segment of this market and provide cost-effective and environmental friendly tribological solutions for applications in aerospace, industrial gas turbine, automotive, printing, oil and gas, steel, and pulp and paper industries. Almost 23% of the world’s total energy consumption originates from tribological contacts. Thermal spray WC-Co coatings provide excellent wear resistance for industrial applications in sliding and rolling contacts. Some of these applications in abrasive, sliding and erosive conditions include sink rolls in zinc pots, conveyor screws, pump housings, impeller shafts, aircraft flap tracks, cam followers and expansion joints. These coatings are considered as a replacement of the hazardous chrome plating for tribological applications. The microstructure of thermal spray coatings is however complex, and the wear mechanisms and wear rates vary significantly when compared to cemented WC-Co carbides or vapour deposition WC coatings. This paper provides an expert review of the tribological considerations that dictate the sliding wear performance of thermal spray WC-Co coatings. Structure–property relationships and failure modes are discussed to grasp the design aspects of WC-Co coatings for tribological applications. Recent developments of suspension sprayed nanocomposite coatings are compared with conventional coatings in terms of performance and failure mechanisms. The dependency of coating microstructure, binder material, carbide size, fracture toughness, post-treatment and hardness on sliding wear performance and test methodology is discussed. Semiempirical mathematical models of wear rate related to the influence of tribological test conditions and coating characteristics are analysed for sliding contacts. Finally, advances for numerical modelling of sliding wear rate are discussed.
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Finney, Fred, Basma Khoury, Jaron Scott, Ken Kozloff, Todd Irwin, James Holmes e Paul Talusan. "Angiology of the Plantar Plate". Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 2, n. 3 (1 settembre 2017): 2473011417S0001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011417s000168.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Category: Basic Sciences/Biologics, Lesser Toes, Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: Hammertoes, crossover toes, and claw toes are common deformities and can be a major source of pain and dysfunction. These deformities result from instability of the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint due to incompetence of the plantar plate and/or collateral ligaments. Non-operative management is the first line of treatment. When non-operative treatment is unsuccessful, surgical interventions have been described. Newer surgical techniques focus on performing anatomic repairs of plantar plates. The vasculature of the foot has been well studied, but the vascular supply of the plantar plate has not been described. This study presents a new technique for imaging the microvasculature of the lesser toe plantar plates through micro- computed tomography (micro-CT) in order to better understand tear pathology and the capacity of healing with plantar plate repairs. Methods: The posterior tibial and dorsalis pedis arteries of a fresh frozen human cadaver foot were dissected and cannulated at the ankle for perfusion distally. After administration of an anticoagulant, each artery was perfused with Microfil® Silicone Rubber, a contrast agent. The compound was then allowed to cure, and the foot was fixed in formalin. The foot was sectioned through the metatarsal shafts for imaging, and imaging of the lesser toe MTP joints was performed using a Bruker Skyscan 1176 micro-CT scanner at 18 micron slices. Computerized reconstruction of the images was performed for three dimensional visualization of the vasculature. Results: Post-perfusion imaging of the lesser toe MTP joints using micro-CT allows for visualization of the plantar plate microvasculature. Preliminary imaging suggests that micro-CT is a useful modality for analysis of the blood supply of the plantar plate. Conclusion: Anatomic repair of the plantar plate has become a viable treatment option for MTP joint instability. One important question that remains to be answered is whether plantar plate tears have the capacity to heal. We present a novel technique for imaging of lesser toe plantar plate microvascularity using micro-CT. Preliminary results of post-perfusion imaging of the plantar plate are promising for developing a better understanding of its blood supply. Further definition of the plantar plate vascular supply will help clinicians understand the capacity for healing after repairs and may provide some insight to the biological causes plantar plate tears.
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Dolinsky, A., D. Chalaev, A. Pereyaslavtseva e N. Silnyagina. "Prospective directions for use of geothermal resources in Ukraine". Energy and automation, n. 5(51) (28 ottobre 2020): 42–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/energiya2020.05.042.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Geothermal resources are an almost inexhaustible environmentally friendly source of renewable energy. In Ukraine, there are large reserves of hot thermal waters, which are practically not used for the needs of heat power engineering. Analysis of literature data and previous developments carried out at the institutes of IET and IVE NAS of Ukraine made it possible to correct the general and technically possible potential of geothermal energy in Ukraine and determine the most promising directions for the development and implementation of geothermal energy. According to expert estimates, the theoretically possible energy potential of geothermal energy in Ukraine is more than 40 GW in capacity, and the economically viable potential is about 10 GW. The main area of application of geothermal energy in Ukraine is small-scale energy, within which it is possible to create local geothermal energy complexes for the production of electrical and thermal energy, the extraction of useful mineral compounds. The list of modern technologies that are successfully used in the world, and which, in our opinion, must be applied in Ukraine should include: - introduction of technologies of geothermal circulation systems (GCS) with the injection of spent (cooled) geothermal fluid into the aquifer; - introduction of technologies for double-circuit geothermal power supply systems using corrosion-resistant heat exchangers and preinsulated pipelines made of high-strength composite materials; - introduction of GCS technologies with the use of a downhole coaxial heat exchanger of the “pipe-in-pipe” type; - development of technologies for the construction of high-rate wells with horizontal or inclined shafts in an aquifer; - conversion of a significant number of individual idle wells of oil and gas fields to the extraction of geothermal energy using deep coaxial heat exchangers of the “pipe in pipe” type and creating a circulation loop with an intermediate heat carrier; - introduction of modern binary GeoPPs of medium and low power on the basis of serial power modules, for example, “Obcon Powerbox”, Sweden or “Ormat”, Israel and the organization of production of such equipment in Ukraine; - introduction of heat pump technologies to increase the temperature potential of the coolant on the basis of vapor compression heat pumps or absorption thermotransformers; - development and implementation of integrated technologies for the utilization of geothermal energy and the extraction of useful hydromineral resources. A significant reserve for the extraction of geothermal energy is suspended wells in the territory of gas fields, of which there are several thousand on the territory of Ukraine. The developed oil and gas fields, even after their complete closure for the production of hydrocarbons, remain an important energy resource, primarily in the regions of their location, and in the development of state policy and appropriate measures at the state level, and the resource of the entire fuel and energy complex of Ukraine.
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L Mpolomoka, Daniel. "Adult Educators' Voices on the use of Traditional Medicine: the Case of Shanty Compounds in Lusaka Zambia". Global Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences 4, n. 4 (9 febbraio 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.19080/gjpps.2018.04.555644.
Testo completo
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Gusmão, Marta S. S., Priya Gopal, Ilaria Siloi, Stefano Curtarolo, Marco Fornari e Marco Buongiorno Nardelli. "Mechanical Properties of Chemically Modified Clay". Scientific Reports 9, n. 1 (23 settembre 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-49972-7.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Serpentine clay minerals are found in many geological settings. The rich diversity, both in chemical composition and crystal structure, alters the elastic behavior of clay rocks significantly, thus modifying seismic and sonic responses to shaley sequences. Computation of the elastic properties is a useful tool to characterize this diversity. In this paper we use first principles methods to compare the mechanical properties of lizardite Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4, a polymorph of serpentine family, with the new compounds derived by substituting Mg ions with isovalent elements from different chemical groups. New compounds are first selected according to chemical and geometrical stability criteria, then full elastic tensors, bulk and shear modulii, and acoustic velocities are obtained. Overall, the new compounds have a lower anisotropy and are less resistant to mechanical deformation compared to the prototype, thus providing valuable information regarding chemical composition and mechanical properties in these systems.
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Antelo-Collado, Aurelio, Ramón Carrasco-Velar, Nicolás García-Pedrajas e Gonzalo Cerruela-García. "Maximum common property: a new approach for molecular similarity". Journal of Cheminformatics 12, n. 1 (9 ottobre 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13321-020-00462-3.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract The maximum common property similarity (MCPhd) method is presented using descriptors as a new approach to determine the similarity between two chemical compounds or molecular graphs. This method uses the concept of maximum common property arising from the concept of maximum common substructure and is based on the electrotopographic state index for atoms. A new algorithm to quantify the similarity values of chemical structures based on the presented maximum common property concept is also developed in this paper. To verify the validity of this approach, the similarity of a sample of compounds with antimalarial activity is calculated and compared with the results obtained by four different similarity methods: the small molecule subgraph detector (SMSD), molecular fingerprint based (OBabel_FP2), ISIDA descriptors and shape-feature similarity (SHAFTS). The results obtained by the MCPhd method differ significantly from those obtained by the compared methods, improving the quantification of the similarity. A major advantage of the proposed method is that it helps to understand the analogy or proximity between physicochemical properties of the molecular fragments or subgraphs compared with the biological response or biological activity. In this new approach, more than one property can be potentially used. The method can be considered a hybrid procedure because it combines descriptor and the fragment approaches.
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"On the factorization of rotations with examples in diffractometry". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences 428, n. 1875 (9 aprile 1990): 451–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1990.0043.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
An analysis of compound rotations, such as occur in eulerian cradles, is presented in terms of a calculus of rotation axes, without reference to the associated coordinate transformations. The general case of three rotation shafts mounted on one another, with any relation between them at datum zero, is presented. The problem and its solution may be represented entirely in terms of a plane octagon in which four sides have directions that are instrumental constants and the other four sides have lengths that are instrumental constants. When the first four sides are given lengths that express both the rotation angle and the axial direction of the required rotation, then the remaining four sides have directions that directly express the rotations in the drive shafts, that will generate the required rotation. Analytic expressions are given for the shaft setting angles in the general case. If the first and third axes are parallel and the intermediate one perpendicular to these at datum zero (as in the four-circle diffractometer) then these reduce to θ 1 = arctan ( μ, σ ) + [arctan ( λ , v ) - ψ -½8π], θ 2 = 2 s arcsin ( λ 2 + v 2 )½, θ 3 = ( μ, σ ) - [arctan ( λ , v ) - ψ - ½8π], s = ± 1, 0 ≤ arcsin ( λ 2 + v 2)½ ≤ ½π, in which λ, μ, v and σ are the four components of a rotation vector constructed such that λ, μ and v are the direction cosines of the rotation axis multiplied by sin½ θ for a rotation angle θ and σ is cos½ θ . ψ is a constant determined by the choice of directions to which λ and v are measured. The results for the general case are also expressed in terms of more conventional variables.
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Jiang, Zhenla, Jianrong Xu, Aixia Yan e Ling Wang. "A comprehensive comparative assessment of 3D molecular similarity tools in ligand-based virtual screening". Briefings in Bioinformatics, 18 giugno 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbab231.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) molecular similarity, one major ligand-based virtual screening (VS) method, has been widely used in the drug discovery process. A variety of 3D molecular similarity tools have been developed in recent decades. In this study, we assessed a panel of 15 3D molecular similarity programs against the DUD-E and LIT-PCBA datasets, including commercial ROCS and Phase, in terms of screening power and scaffold-hopping power. The results revealed that (1) SHAFTS, LS-align, Phase Shape_Pharm and LIGSIFT showed the best VS capability in terms of screening power. Some 3D similarity tools available to academia can yield relatively better VS performance than commercial ROCS and Phase software. (2) Current 3D similarity VS tools exhibit a considerable ability to capture actives with new chemotypes in terms of scaffold hopping. (3) Multiple conformers relative to single conformations will generally improve VS performance for most 3D similarity tools, with marginal improvement observed in area under the receiving operator characteristic curve values, enrichment factor in the top 1% and hit rate in the top 1% values showed larger improvement. Moreover, redundancy and complementarity analyses of hit lists from different query seeds and different 3D similarity VS tools showed that the combination of different query seeds and/or different 3D similarity tools in VS campaigns retrieved more (and more diverse) active molecules. These findings provide useful information for guiding choices of the optimal 3D molecular similarity tools for VS practices and designing possible combination strategies to discover more diverse active compounds.