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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Sharing patents"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 8 febbraio 2022

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Sharing patents"

Takenaka, Toshiko. "Patents for Sharing". Michigan Technology Law Review, n. 26.1 (2019): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.36645/mtlr.26.1.patents.

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Spurred by the Internet, emerging technologies have changed the way commercial firms innovate and have made it possible for individuals to play an important role in that innovation. Producers in the Information Communication Technologies (ICT), and other sectors dealing with complex technologies with many separately patentable components, find it increasingly difficult to make products without infringing on patents held by others. Numerous overlapping patents often cover such products. Producers have developed a new way to use patents: as inclusive rights for sharing their technologies with others through cross-licensing and other private ordering arrangements in order to ensure the freedom to operate and innovate. Individual innovators, and open source software (“OSS”) programmers in particular, have also developed a new use of copyrights: using them to share their technologies through OSS licenses. Producers of complex technologies use patents for sharing their technologies with OSS programmers and for protecting themselves from patent assertion. In light of these recent uses, this article proposes a new utilitarian theory for patents: patents as the incentive to share, with the reward of increasing the freedom to operate and innovate. It argues that both the ex ante and ex post incentive to invent theories are outdated because they fail to take into account the patent owners’ lack of control over their products in complex technology sectors. This article urges Congress to reevaluate U.S. patent rights in light of this new patent use. It reviews U.S. patents as property rights from the comparative law perspective and proposes the revitalization of the inclusive side of U.S. patents by introducing a compulsory license for blocking patents. It also proposes that the exclusive side of patent rights should be limited to private and experimental use exceptions to ensure the freedom to operate and innovate by sharing.

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Kline, Patrick, Neviana Petkova, Heidi Williams e Owen Zidar. "Who Profits from Patents? Rent-Sharing at Innovative Firms*". Quarterly Journal of Economics 134, n. 3 (27 marzo 2019): 1343–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjz011.

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Abstract This article analyzes how patent-induced shocks to labor productivity propagate into worker compensation using a new linkage of U.S. patent applications to U.S. business and worker tax records. We infer the causal effects of patent allowances by comparing firms whose patent applications were initially allowed to those whose patent applications were initially rejected. To identify patents that are ex ante valuable, we extrapolate the excess stock return estimates of Kogan et al. (2017) to the full set of accepted and rejected patent applications based on predetermined firm and patent application characteristics. An initial allowance of an ex ante valuable patent generates substantial increases in firm productivity and worker compensation. By contrast, initial allowances of lower ex ante value patents yield no detectable effects on firm outcomes. Patent allowances lead firms to increase employment, but entry wages and workforce composition are insensitive to patent decisions. On average, workers capture roughly 30 cents of every dollar of patent-induced surplus in higher earnings. This share is roughly twice as high among workers present since the year of application. These earnings effects are concentrated among men and workers in the top half of the earnings distribution and are paired with corresponding improvements in worker retention among these groups. We interpret these earnings responses as reflecting the capture of economic rents by senior workers, who are most costly for innovative firms to replace.

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Terry, Kathleen R. "Implications of Joint Ownership of Patents in the USA". Industry and Higher Education 13, n. 3 (giugno 1999): 198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000099101294537.

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As collaboration between companies and research institutions increases, joint ownership of patents resulting from collaboration also increases. The agreement to own patents jointly is often entered into casually by parties who are unaware of the implications of joint ownership. Those implications are far from casual. It has been said that ‘joint owners of patents are at the mercy of each other’. Before agreeing to joint ownership, companies and research institutions should be aware of the procedural difficulties in obtaining a joint patent and that each owner is free to use or license the patent without consulting with or sharing the proceeds with the other owners.

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Sancho, Carmen, e Ismael Arinas Pellón. "How patent can patents be?" Review of Cognitive Linguistics 9, n. 1 (6 luglio 2011): 179–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rcl.9.1.09san.

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This paper examines the import of figurative language (specifically of conceptual and grammatical metaphors) in the discourse of engineering patents, a genre hardly researched for stylistic and pedagogical purposes and traditionally regarded as highly impersonal. To that end, a corpus of over 300 US electro-mechanical patents has been analysed with the aid of a concordancing tool and applying a threefold convergent framework that gathers the metafunctions of Systemic Functional Linguistics (Halliday, 1978, 1985), the Applied Linguistic Approach to Metaphor (Low, 2008) and the Metadiscursive Approach (Hyland, 2000, 2005). Findings reveal a complex network of metaphorical schemata, most non-deliberate, which constitute a tripartite choice dependent on the legal culture, the discipline and, to a lesser extent, on the authorial voice. It also binds patent writers into a community of practice (Wenger, 1998) sharing a phraseological repertoire basically acquired by imitation and whose creative and confident use requires explicit instruction.

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Boutin, Aleksandra. "Screening for Good Patent Pools through Price Caps on Individual Licenses". American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 8, n. 3 (1 agosto 2016): 64–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mic.20140237.

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Patent pools reduce prices when selling complementary inputs to technologies, but can also effectively cartelize markets when involving substitutes. Independent licensing, by reintroducing competition, ensures that only good pools form when there are two patent holders involved. For larger pools, independent licensing needs to be complemented by other policy tools. We propose to constrain the royalties for the patents individually licensed outside the pool with price caps replicating the pool's sharing rule. This information-free screening device works with asymmetries, even when licensors try to stabilize pools by readjusting the sharing rule in a way that may not reflect contributions. (JEL D21, D45, K11, L12, L24, O31, O34)

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Charterina, Jon, e Andrés Araujo. "Value and barriers in the creation of intellectual property in advanced manufacturing: a country comparison". Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 34, n. 3 (1 aprile 2019): 651–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-07-2018-0207.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to determine to what extent small sized and periphery-located firms compensate the comparative disadvantages of big centrally located firms, through patent ownership agreements with other agents, notably research institutes.Design/methodology/approachThe authors develop an empirical study of patents from two completely different economic areas, a central and a peripheral one, represented by Germany and Spain, respectively, in the domain of the Key Enabling Technology (KET) of advanced manufacturing technologies in robotics and automation. Comparing the population of 211 Spanish patents granted with a random sample of 500 German patents, from the files of the US Patent and Trademark Office, the authors obtain and test a series of logistic regression functions taking the predicted possibilities to develop patents with more citations, as a proxy for their value.FindingsWhereas big companies from central locations do not obtain more heavily cited patents from sharing their R&D activity with other firms or research institutes, smaller manufacturing firms in peripheral areas, namely, Spain, may find this advantageous. Additionally, patents containing fewer cited articles and citations of previous patents, tend to be cited more frequently. Finally, this same outcome is also observed with patents showing shorter time between the application and grant.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study on patent value which examines the KET of advanced manufacturing technologies in robotics and automation, comparing a central to a peripheral geographic environment, and determining the number, diversity and size of patent assignees. The results prove relevant in general for manufacturing businesses, especially in the Machine-Tool and machinery producing industry. Overwhelmingly, these firms tend to be SMEs basing their marketing activity entirely on a Business-to-Business (B2B) focus, and facing serious obstacles for R&D activity.

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Gallini, Nancy. "Private agreements for coordinating patent rights: the case of patent pools". ECONOMIA E POLITICA INDUSTRIALE, n. 3 (agosto 2011): 5–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/poli2011-003001.

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Inventors and users of technology often enter into cooperative agreements for sharing their intellectual property in order to implement a standard or to avoid costly litigation. Over the past two decades, U.S. antitrust authorities have viewed pooling arrangements that integrate complementary, valid and essential patents as having pro-competitive benefits in reducing prices, transactions costs, and the incidence of legal suits. Since patent pools are cooperative agreements, they also have the potential of suppressing competition if, for example, they harbor weak or invalid patents, dampen incentives to conduct research on innovations that compete with the pooled patents, foreclose competition from downstream product or upstream input markets, or soften competition with outside substitutes that do not rely on the pooled patents. In synthesizing the ideas advanced in the economic literature, this paper explores whether these antitrust concerns apply to pools with complementary patents and, if they do, the implications for competition policy to constrain them.

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Eisenberg, Rebecca S. "Patents and data-sharing in public science". Industrial and Corporate Change 15, n. 6 (1 novembre 2006): 1013–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icc/dtl025.

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Jeitschko, Thomas D., e Nanyun Zhang. "Adverse Effects of Patent Pooling on Product Development and Commercialization". B.E. Journal of Theoretical Economics 14, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2014): 27–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bejte-2013-0038.

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AbstractThe conventional wisdom is that the formation of patent pools is welfare enhancing when patents are complementary, since the pool avoids a double-marginalization problem associated with independent licensing. This conventional wisdom relies on the effects that pooling has on downstream prices. However, it does not account for the potentially significant role of the effect of pooling on downstream product development and commercialization. We consider development technologies that entail spillovers between rivals and assume that final-demand products are imperfect substitutes. When pool formation facilitates information sharing and spillovers in development, then decreases in the degree of product differentiation can adversely affect welfare by reducing the incentives towards product development and product market competition – even with perfectly complementary patents. The analysis modifies and even negates the conventional wisdom for some settings and suggests why patent pools are uncommon in science-based industries such as biotech and pharmaceuticals that are characterized by tacit knowledge and incomplete patents.

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Nuvolari, Alessandro, e James Sumner. "Inventors, Patents, and Inventive Activities in the English Brewing Industry, 1634–1850". Business History Review 87, n. 1 (2013): 95–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680513000159.

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This article examines the relationship between patents, appropriability strategies, and market for technology in the English brewing industry before 1850. Previous research has pointed to the apparent paradox that large-scale brewing in this period showed both a self-aware culture of rapid technological innovation and a remarkably low propensity to patent. Our study records how brewery innovators pursued a wide variety of highly distinct appropriability strategies, including secrecy, selective revealing, open innovation and knowledge-sharing for reputational reasons, and patenting. All these strategies could co-exist, although some brewery insiders maintained a suspicion of the promoters of patent technologies, which faded only in the nineteenth century. Furthermore, we find evidence that sophisticated strategies of selective revealing could support trade in inventions even without the use of the patent system.

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Tesi sul tema "Sharing patents"

Estèves, Natacha. "Partager les brevets : étude des modèles ouverts en droit des brevets". Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IEPP0048.

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En 2014, Tesla Motors, constructeur automobile de véhicules électriques, déclare vouloir, dans l’esprit du mouvement open source, partager ses brevets. Elle indique alors que les technologies brevetées dont elle est titulaire pourront être librement utilisées par tous ceux intéressés. Si l’on peut trouver cette pratique plutôt insolite, sachant l’investissement important fait par une entreprise pour obtenir un brevet, en réalité ce type de pratique n’a rien d’étonnant. L’engagement de Tesla de ne pas opposer ses brevets, n’est qu’un exemple des modèles ouverts en droit des brevets qui font l’objet de ce travail de thèse. Ces modèles ouverts, dans lesquels les titulaires de brevets font le choix de partager ces derniers en ouvrant l’usage des droits attachés à leurs brevets, révèlent ainsi un autre usage du brevet, un usage qui met en lumière le côté inclusif de ce dernier. Ces modèles sont variés tant dans leurs structures, leur fonctionnement, que dans les objectifs qu’ils se proposent d’atteindre. Ces modèles sont nés d’un besoin des innovateurs de faire face aux dérives du système des brevets (trolls, patent thickets, etc.). Ainsi, ils permettent aux innovateurs de préserver un environnement plus propice à l’innovation, dont à terme la société pourra bénéficier. Certains de ces modèles, essentiellement développés aux États-Unis, soulèvent plusieurs questions quant à leur mise en œuvre, tant dans leur pays d’origine que de notre côté de l’Atlantique. Cette thèse s’attachera donc, suivant l’analyse de ces modèles originaux, à répondre aux différentes interrogations posées par le déploiement de ces modèles ouverts
In 2014, Tesla Motors, electric cars manufacturer, decided to share its patents in the spirit of the open source movement. Tesla’s patented technologies are thus free to use for all those interested. If one can find this practice rather unusual, given the important investment made by a company to obtain a patent, this type of practice is, in fact, not surprising. Tesla's commitment not to oppose its patents is just one example of the open models for patent this thesis investigates. These open models, in which patentees choose to share them by giving the users the widest rights to use the patented inventions, reveal another use of patents, a usage that highlights the inclusive side of patents. These models are varied both in their structures, their functioning, and in the objectives they propose to achieve. They developed out of a need for innovators to cope with the drifts of the patent system (trolls, patent thickets, etc.). Thus, they enable innovators to maintain an environment more conducive to innovation, which ultimately society can benefit from. Some of these models, mainly developed in the United States, raise several questions about their implementation, both in their home country and on our side of the Atlantic. This thesis will therefore investigate, following the analysis of these original models, the various issues raised by the deployment of these open models

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Papadopoulou, Frantzeska. "Opening Pandora's Box : Exploring Flexibilities and Alternatives for Protecting Traditional Knowledge and Genetic Resources under the Intellectual Property Framework". Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-100568.

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What happens when resources get valuable and scarce? How is Intellectual Property dealing with market failures related to sub-patentable innovation or purely traditional knowledge with interesting applications? The protection of traditional knowledge and genetic resources (TKGR) has been one of the major modern challenges in international IP law. The entry into force of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and its implementation in national legislation has created more questions than the ones it answered. The objective of this dissertation is to assist in the evaluation of current national and regional implementation initiatives as well in the presentation and evaluation of different forms of entitlements that could be applicable in the case of TKGR. The dissertation has employed a theoretical framework for this evaluation, by combining the Coase Theorem and Rawls' theory of justice. The choice of these two theoretical models is not a random one. In order for the entitlement covering TKGR to be successful, it has to be efficient. It has to offer a stable and efficient marketplace where access to TKGR is possible without unnecessary frictions. However, efficiency could not be the only objective. An entitlement focusing solely on efficiency would fall short of the needs and special considerations of TKGR trade. It would above all be counter to the objectives and major principles of the CBD, the “fair and equitable sharing of the benefits” and would certainly fail to address the very important North-South perspective. Fairness is thus a necessary complement to the efficiency of the proposed entitlement. This dissertation proposes a thorough investigation of the special characteristics, of right-holders, subject-matter, market place as well as of the general expectations that an entitlement is supposed to fulfill. In parallel to that, it looks into the meaning and scope of alternative entitlements in order to be able to propose the best alternative.

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Filho, Rubens Araujo Menezes de Souza. "Os donos das ideias: história e conflitos do direito autoral, do copyright e das patentes na crise contemporânea do capital: da rodada Uruguai (1986) aos partidos piratas (2006)". Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-12122014-184858/.

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Com a análise histórica da chamada propriedade intelectual, em especial das patentes, copyright e direitos autorais, esta tese trata da crise do capitalismo contemporâneo, e analisa a tendência dissimulada de ascensão de Estados, que com o uso da tecnologia informática e o recrudescimento das legislações, se tornam cada vez mais autoritários e avançam sobre direitos e liberdades civis. Para isso é reconstituída a história dos computadores, da Internet, do Movimento do Software Livre, dos Partidos Piratas, do movimento do Software Livre no Brasil, das legislações de propriedade intelectual no mundo ocidental e da globalização do comércio e das finanças
Through the historical analysis of the \"intellectual property\", in particular patents, copyright and authors rights, this thesis deals with the crisis of contemporary capitalism, and analyzes the covert increasing trend of states, that with the use of computer technology and the intensification of laws, become increasingly authoritarian, eroding civil rights and liberties secured by populations long ago. To reach this objective the history of computers, the Internet, the Free Software Movement, the Pirate Parties, the Free Software movement in Brazil, the intellectual property laws in the Western world and the globalization of trade and finance are reconstituted

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Vieira, Inês Neves. "A gestão do conhecimento no sector dos moldes no eixo industrial Leiria - Marinha Grande". Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/5429.

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Apresenta-se nesta dissertação de Mestrado em Gestão um estudo sobre a Gestão do Conhecimento na indústria dos moldes no eixo industrial Leiria-Marinha Grande. Recorre-se a uma metodologia multi-casos e desenvolve-se trabalho de campo em duas empresas da região, a Moldes RP e a GECO, bem como num centro de investigação do Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, o CDRSP, que produz conhecimento sobre a área dos moldes e prototipagem e que é uma unidade de investigação acreditada pela FCT. Nestas três organizações são realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas a colaboradores e, por último, é feito um focus group com três investigadores da área para perceber os avanços que tem havido na Gestão do Conhecimento nestas empresas e a importância do diálogo entre empresas e o ensino superior na produção de conhecimento e inovação. Com as entrevistas individuais e grupais pretende-se responder a várias perguntas, tais como: Existem práticas de Gestão do Conhecimento na empresa? A empresa tem algum tipo de preocupação ao nível da inovação? De que forma é estimulada a inovação na empresa? A empresa possui patentes? Existe uma cultura na empresa que promova a partilha de conhecimento? Grosso modo, as conclusões apontam no sentido de que a Gestão do Conhecimento na área dos moldes é ainda muito ténue e feita de modo informal, sendo que para isso concorre, também, provavelmente, o facto de a indústria dos moldes assentar numa lógica de protótipo e não numa lógica de standardização, o que leva à reprodução do conhecimento através do “ver fazer” em contexto laboral.
This Master dissertation in Management aims to present a study about Knowledge Management in the molds sector, in the industrial axis Leiria-Marinha Grande. It was used a multi-case approach and it was developed a field work in two companies of this region: Moldes RP and GECO, as well as in a research center of the Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, the CDRSP, which is accredited by FCT and which produces knowledge about molds and about prototyping. In these three organizations were performed semi-structured interviews to some employees, and it was made a focus group with three researchers in this field, in order to understand the progress that has been done in Knowledge Management in these companies and also to try to understand the importance of the dialogue between enterprises and universities about the production of knowledge and innovation. The individual and group interviews were performed in order to answer to several questions such as: Are there any practices in knowledge management in the company? Has the company some sort of concern in terms of innovation? How is stimulated the innovation in the company? Has the company any patents? Is there a culture that promotes the sharing of knowledge? The conclusions indicate that in the area of the molds, Knowledge Management is still very scarce and is made essentially in an informal way. One of the factors responsible for this is probably the fact that the molds industry is mainly based in a logic of prototypes and not in a logic of standardization.

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Krejsová, Klára. "Sdílení mobilních sítí a patenty na standardizovanou technologii v soutěžním právu EU". Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-412350.

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Network Sharing and Standard Essential Patents in EU Competition Law Abstract This diploma thesis deals with two issues which are closely linked to telecommunications and its specific features - network sharing and standard essential patents. Actually, these issues are very topical and come out at the forefront of EU competition authorities. The goal of this diploma thesis is to familiar the reader with particular issues and then analyse individual decisions of Commission and CJEU regarding aforementioned topics from the perspective of consumer welfare as one of the main objectives of EU competition law. Therefore, the first part of the thesis provides definition of consumer welfare standard so that the analysis of particular decisions could be performed. The second part of this thesis deals with network sharing. Given the complicacy of this topic, there are defined the individual models and presented some actual cases of network sharing in EU at the beginning of this part. Subsequently, the thesis deals with the interrelationship between telecom mergers and network sharing. After these introductory remarks, the individual decisions of Commission are analyzed. This part is finally concluded with a partial conclusion which summarizing the main outputs arising from performed analysis. The third part of the...

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Sow, Mame Ngoné. "La pertinence de l’obligation de divulguer l’origine des ressources génétiques et des savoirs traditionnels dans les demandes de brevets". Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6132.

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Le développement fulgurant noté dans le domaine des biotechnologies peut être attribué, sinon essentiellement du moins partiellement, à l’utilisation des ressources génétiques (RG) et des savoirs traditionnels (ST) acquis sur ces ressources. Ces ressources et ces savoirs sont, notamment, utilisés dans le cadre d’inventions biotechnologiques qui peuvent s’avérer concluantes et faire l’objet de demande de protection par brevet. Ce développement ne s’est tout de même pas réalisé sans heurts majeurs, il l’a été au prix de tumultueuses oppositions. En effet, la découverte progressive de la valeur commerciale et scientifique de telles ressources et de tels savoirs a fait naître des intérêts et attisé des rivalités qui ont fini par opposer fournisseurs et utilisateurs de ces matériels. Force est de constater que parmi leurs divergences, celle qui se rapporte au partage des avantages fait l’objet de discussions des plus âpres qui soient dans le domaine. Une solution qui a été, aussi, envisagée a porté sur les régimes d’accès et de partage des avantages. Ce partage des avantages, les pays fournisseurs espèrent le réaliser par le biais de l’obligation de divulguer l’origine des RG et des ST dans les demandes de brevets. L’application d’une telle exigence connaît des limites en ce sens qu’elle est d’application territoriale. C’est sur la base d’un tel constat que les pays fournisseurs envisagent d’en faire une obligation reconnue et applicable à un niveau international. Dans le cadre de cette étude, nous essaierons de démontrer que l’obligation de divulguer l’origine des RG et des ST dans les demandes de brevets, telle qu’elle est actuellement appliquée, ne constitue pas un moyen pertinent qui permettrait d’en arriver à un partage juste et équitable des avantages.
The rapid development in the field of biotechnology can be attributed to a large degree to the innovative use of genetic resources (GR), a significant portion of which were based on traditional knowledge (TK). The biotechnological inventions resulting from these resources and knowledge are, for the most part, subject to patent protection. This legal protection is designed to allow creators of innovative inventions the possibility to recoup their investment by limiting the use of the resulting creation by people other than the inventor and his assignees. Indeed, the gradual recognition of the scientific and commercial value of such resources and associated knowledge has raised interest and fuelled rivalries that eventually led to conflict over the use and trade of such products between user and producing States. A possible solution to resolve this conflict is the use of access and benefit-sharing agreements. One requirement proposed by producing States is an obligation to disclose the origin of GR and TK in patent applications. However, since the issues in this area, generally, exceed the national sphere, producing countries are attempting to make this requirement recognized at an international level. Accordingly the most effective and efficient means of doing so would be via the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) in the World Trade Organization WTO. In this thesis, we will demonstrate that the obligation to disclose the origin of GR and TK in patent applications does not constitute an appropriate means that would lead to a fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of their use.

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Mercer, Henrique. "L’accès et le partage des avantages des savoirs traditionnels en Amérique latine : comment les droits de propriété intellectuelle peuvent empêcher la biopiraterie". Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11389.

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Libri sul tema "Sharing patents"

Smith, Rodney B. W. Royalties and benefit sharing contracts in bioprospecting. Delhi: Institute of Economic Growth, 2002.

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Regulating bioprospecting: Institutions for drug research, access, and benefit-sharing. Tokyo: United Nations University Press, 2005.

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Office, General Accounting. Energy management: DOE/Martin Marietta royalty-sharing agreement : report to the chairman, Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1988.

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Thursby, Marie. Shirking, sharing risk, and shelving: The role of university license contracts. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2005.

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Thursby, Marie. Shirking, sharing risk, and shelving: The role of university license contracts. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2005.

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Office, General Accounting. Technology transfer: Barriers limit royalty sharing's effectiveness : report to Congressional committees. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1992.

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Chaturvedi, Sachin. Intellectual property regime, indigenous knowledge system, and access and benefit sharing: Drawing lessons from Kani case. New Delhi: RIS, 2007.

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Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedebad., a cura di. Value addition to local Kani tribal knowledge: Patenting, licensing, and benefit-sharing. Ahmedabad: Indian Institute of Management, 2002.

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Biological and Social Issues in Biotechnology Sharing. Ashgate Publishing, 1998.

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African Perspectives on Genetic Resources: A Handbook on Laws, Policies, and Institutions Governing Access and Benefit-Sharing. Environmental Law Institute, 2003.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Sharing patents"

Gold, E. Richard, e Dianne Nicol. "Beyond Open Source: Patents, Biobanks and Sharing". In Comparative Issues in the Governance of Research Biobanks, 191–208. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33116-9_11.

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Singh, Kshitij Kumar. "Implications of Genetic Patents on Human Genetic Resources: Issues of Ownership, Benefit Sharing and Informed Consent". In Biotechnology and Intellectual Property Rights, 195–228. New Delhi: Springer India, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2059-6_6.

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Townend, David. "Patents Originating in Human Tissue and Data: Questions on Benefit Creating and Benefit Sharing, on Morality and Property". In Synbio and Human Health, 87–99. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9196-0_7.

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Vivas Eugui, David, e Hartmut Meyer. "Marine Genetic Resources Within National Jurisdiction: Flagging Implications for Access and Benefit Sharing and Analysing Patent Trends". In Intellectual Property and Development: Understanding the Interfaces, 405–31. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2856-5_17.

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Thomas, Frédéric. "Patents and benefit sharing". In The Commons, Plant Breeding and Agricultural Research, 61–73. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315110387-4.

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Riillo, Cesare A. F., e Ivana S. Mijatovic. "Diffusion vs. Knowledge Protection When Participating in ICT Standardization". In Corporate and Global Standardization Initiatives in Contemporary Society, 71–85. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5320-5.ch004.

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Innovative companies need to make decisions related to protection and sharing of their new knowledge. This chapter explores knowledge patterns during formal ICT standardization and/or in standards consortia. While previous studies focused on the role of intellectual property rights in standardization decisions, this investigation considers standards and patents as sources of information for innovation. Results show that when patents are important, firms are more likely to be engaged in consortia but not in formal standardization. Size moderates this relationship. Smaller firms are more motivated by the quest for knowledge during standardization while larger firms are more sensitive to the importance of patents. The authors conclude that small firms might participate in ICT standardization in order to anticipate development of the standard, rather than place a patent in the standards.

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Van Canh, Ta, e Suzanne Zyngier. "Using ERG Theory as a Lens to Understand the Sharing of Academic Tacit Knowledge". In Knowledge Management and Competitive Advantage: Issues and Potential Solutions, 174–201. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4679-7.ch010.

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This chapter provides a direct view of the higher education environment in a transition economy. It reports research findings on barriers to sharing knowledge among Vietnamese academic and managerial colleagues, focusing on three factors: time, capital, and management capacity. It draws on data from focus groups and from in-depth interviews of Vietnamese members of faculty from six major universities. A key finding of this study is that work-overload leaves little time for collaborative research. Together with insufficient English skills and bureaucratic management, it contributes to measurable levels of cheating and corruption in education that in turn lead to low quality and quantity of international academic publications and of patents. This finding indicates that there is a strong link with both Existence, Relatedness, and Growth (ERG) theory and Maslow’s theory of need with both the quality and quantity of international publications produced by Vietnamese academics.

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Van Canh, Ta, e Suzanne Zyngier. "Using ERG Theory as a Lens to Understand the Sharing of Academic Tacit Knowledge". In International Business, 2012–40. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9814-7.ch093.

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This chapter provides a direct view of the higher education environment in a transition economy. It reports research findings on barriers to sharing knowledge among Vietnamese academic and managerial colleagues, focusing on three factors: time, capital, and management capacity. It draws on data from focus groups and from in-depth interviews of Vietnamese members of faculty from six major universities. A key finding of this study is that work-overload leaves little time for collaborative research. Together with insufficient English skills and bureaucratic management, it contributes to measurable levels of cheating and corruption in education that in turn lead to low quality and quantity of international academic publications and of patents. This finding indicates that there is a strong link with both Existence, Relatedness, and Growth (ERG) theory and Maslow's theory of need with both the quality and quantity of international publications produced by Vietnamese academics.

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Strandburg, Katherine J. "Derogatory to Professional Character?" In Creativity without Law. NYU Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479841936.003.0004.

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Kathy Strandburg looks at the field of medicine, which has a long history of opposition to patents. She tracks the historical evolution of user innovation among physicians, with particular focus on ether anesthesia, a medical breakthrough that started out as a nineteenth-century party drug. User innovator communities often eschew patenting, relying instead on reputation-based reward systems and sharing norms. But while virtually all medical innovation was once the province of user innovator physicians, this is no longer the case. The ethical norms against patenting drugs and devices are no longer observed today, yet the norm against patenting medical procedures has remained surprisingly robust. This chapter argues that physician patenting norms have evolved to track changes in the role physicians play in medical innovation. This story helps illustrate the interplay between social norms and law, showing how they can influence each other and shift over time.

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Dronamraju, Krishna R. "NIH patent policy". In Biological and Social Issues in Biotechnology Sharing, 115–22. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429460883-11.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Sharing patents"

Chiarello, Filippo, Andrea Bonaccorsi, Gualtiero Fantoni, Giacomo Ossola, Andrea Cimino e Felice Dell'Orletta. "Technical Sentiment Analysis: Measuring Advantages and Drawbacks of New Products Using Social Media". In CARMA 2018 - 2nd International Conference on Advanced Research Methods and Analytics. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/carma2018.2018.8336.

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In recent years, social media have become ubiquitous and important for social networking and content sharing. Moreover, the content generated by these websites remains largely untapped. Some researchers proved that social media have been a valuable source to predict the future outcomes of some events such as box-office movie revenues or political elections. Social media are also used by companies to measure the sentiment of customers about their brand and products. This work proposes a new social media based model to measure how users perceive new products from a technical point of view. This model relies on the analysis of advantages and drawbacks of products, which are both important aspects evaluated by consumers during the buying decision process. This model is based on a lexicon developed in a related work (Chiarello et. al, 2017) to analyse patents and detect advantages and drawbacks connected to a certain technology. The results show that when a product has a certain technological complexity and fuels a more technical debate, advantages and drawbacks analysis is more efficient than sentiment analysis in producing technical-functional judgements.

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Ding, Wei, Yongji Liu e Jianfeng Zhang. "An Ontology-Driven Knowledge Management System Used in the Patent Library". In 7th International Conference on Knowledge Management and Information Sharing. SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0005638002480253.

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"Compulsory License in Biodiversity Based Patent: Public Health Concern and Benefit Sharing for Developing Countries". In 5th International Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences. Emirates Research Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.17758/erpub.dirh1216421.

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Kapoor, Surendra, Anurag Jain e M. L. Panwar. "Sharing patented technology on disposal of oily effluents - An ideation, innovation & implementation experience". In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/118137-ms.

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Song, Binyang, Jianxi Luo, Rajesh Elara Mohan e Kristin L. Wood. "Data-Driven Function Network Analysis for Product Platform Planning: A Case Study of Spherical Rolling Robots". In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-85759.

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A properly designed product-system platform can reduce the cost and lead-time to design and develop a product family and thus achieve the tradeoff between economy of scope from product variety and economy of scale from platform sharing. Traditionally, product platform planning uses heuristic and manual approaches and relies on expertise and intuition. In this paper, we propose a data-driven method to draw the boundary of a platform, complementing other platform design approaches and assisting designers in the architecting process. The method generates a network of functions through relationships of their co-occurrences in prior designs of a product domain, and uses a network analysis algorithm to identify an optimal core-periphery structure. Functions identified in the network core co-occur cohesively and frequently with one another in prior designs, and thus are suggested for inclusion in the potential platform to be shared across a variety of product-systems with peripheral functions. We apply the method to identifying the platform functions for spherical rolling robots, based on patent data.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Sharing patents"

Kline, Patrick, Neviana Petkova, Heidi Williams e Owen Zidar. Who Profits from Patents? Rent-Sharing at Innovative Firms. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, novembre 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w25245.

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