Tesi sul tema "Shen bao"

Le Sou shen ji搜神記est l’œuvre la plus représentative et influente du genre zhiguai志怪, sa valeur historique et artistique est incomparable par rapport aux autres œuvres pareilles. Son auteur Gan Bao幹寶est un historien et lettré très réputé sous la Dynastie Dong Jin. Parmi ses nombreuses œuvres historiques et littéraires, c’est le Sou shen ji qui a connu le plus grand succès. Cette œuvre recueille autour de quatre cent soixante-quatre récits indépendants l’un de l’autre, et dont les sujets sont d’une variété considérable, reflétant dans une certaine mesure la mentalité et les croyances des Chinois de l’époque. Dans notre thèse nous avons fait des recherches sur cette œuvre dans une perspective sémiotique, employant la théorie sémiotique de Greimas. Dans la partie discursive, nous avons fait des analyses discursives et culturelles autour de la conception chinoise du shen et à partir de quatre catégories : les dieux dotés d’une fonction (shen神), les immortels (xian仙), les revenants (gui鬼), et les yaoguai妖怪, pour dessiner une image plus claire du « shen » pour les Chinois. Nous voyons que la conception du shen dans la culture chinoise, se trouvant au carrefour de la religion, de la politique, et de l’éthique, n’est pas un concept défini sur le plan théologique et transcendantale. Dans la partie narrative, nous nous concentrons sur les traits narratifs des récits fantastiques du Sou shen ji, en essayant en même temps, de construire un modèle narratif plus applicable à ces récits et à la description d’une relation intersubjective
Sou shen ji is the most representative and influential work of the zhiguai genre, its historic and artistic value is unmatchable, compaired with other works of the same genre. The author, Gan Bao, is a very famous historian and scholar in Dong Jin dynasty. Among his numerous historical and literary works, it is Sou shen ji, who has had the biggest success. This work collects around four hundred and sixty-four stories independent one from each other, and the subjects are also very various, reflecting to some extent the mentality and the beliefs of the Chinese of the time. In this thesis, we have studied this work in a semiotic perspective, using the semiotic theory of Greimas. In the discursive part, we have done some analyses, from a discoursive and a cultural point of view, of the chinese conception of shen, from four categories : the gods who have a function (shen神), the immortals (xian仙), the ghosts (gui鬼), and the yaoguai妖怪, in order to draw a clearer picture of the conception of shen to the chinese. We can see that in the chinese culture, the conception of shen, located at the intersection of the religion, the politics, and the ethics, is not a concept defined in theological and transcendental termes. In the narrative part, we focus on the narrative features of the stories in Sou shen ji, and at the same time, we also try to build a narrative model which is more applicable to these stories and to the description of the intersubjective relationship

Thesis (M.Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2002.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 276-289). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.

Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2006.
Thesis Advisor(s): Aurel Croissant. "June 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p.123-129) Also available in print.

This thesis is a study of the politics of Shanghai newspaper journalism from 1912 to 1937, with particular emphasis on Shen Bao as a case study. It is concerned only with commercial newspaper journalism, as distinct from party political journalism. As such it proceeds from the belief that newspapers like Shen Bao must first and foremost be understood as commercial enterprises. It argues that economic, technical and organizational constraints played an important part in shaping the political character of newspaper journalism in Shanghai. It shows how, in adapting to the peculiar economic and political environment of the Shanghai International Settlement, newspapers faced the contradictory pressures of a dependecy on foreign resources on the one hand, and the demands of rising anti-imperialist nationalism on the other. Until the late 1920s, a big commercial newspaper like Shen Bao was inclined to take whichever course it judged to be the least damaging to its survival as a viable business, even if this sometimes contradicted the weight of nationalistic public opinion.. This situation changed dramatically_ with the rise of Japanese militarism in China, beginning with the invasion of Manchuria in September 1931. Shen Bao and its proprietor, Shi Liangcai, became Shanghai's most prominent voices in the anti-Japanese movement and, thereafter, outspoken critics of the the Nationalist government's response to the crisis. This eventually led to Shi Liangcai's assassination, at the hands of government agents in November 1934. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part deals with various constituent elements which helped to shape the development of Shanghai newspaper journalism in general. It examines the historical background, newspaper readership, patterns of ownership, economic and technical aspects of the industry, and the attempts by journalist to develop a profession against the background of the rise of commercial newspapers. The second part is a case study of the rise of Shen Bao and Shi Liangcai. It is a political history, focusing on the paper's expression of political opinion and its response to the major political events of the day, such as the May Fourth and May Thirtieth movements, the rise of the Nationalists to power and the rise of Japanese militarism in China. This study hopes not only to shed some light on the politics of Shanghai newspaper journalism, but also to contribute to a broader understanding of Chinese politics of the period.

碩士
國立成功大學
藝術研究所
92
After the government declared that the martial law had ended, Taiwanese art became to get rid of the burden of politics and tradion and start to wear a gorgeous face gradually. New visual aesthetics which break tradional/academic representations of human bodies have gradually come into extistence.This thesis pays attention to the change, and fouses on two convulsive series of works: Hou Jun-Ming’s Sou Shen Ji and Chen Jie-Ren’s Hun Po Bao Luan. It will deeply discuss the relationship between Taiwanese art and social atmosphere by interpreting the specific bodily images of the two series of works. The main point of writing this thesis is mainly “transgression”. It attempts to analyze how Sou Shen Ji and Hun Po Bao Luan bear the artists’ recations, critical thoughts and re-interpretation against the traditional society and national power in social open atmosphere. Furthermore, I think that these two series of works have the Bataillean transgression aesthetics no matter how their forms and contents are heterogeneous. Morever, I also want to indicate these bodily images of these two series of works have grotesque characteristics, and try to analyze politics meanings of these grotesque bodily images. Lastly, I also seek to figure out how these works reflect the artists’ anxiety and desire by referring to some articles and interviews of artists intertextualily. In conclusion, I will explain the synchronic meanings of these bodily images in Taiwanese art.

碩士
國立交通大學
客家文化學院客家社會與文化教師碩士在職專
96
The thesis applies concepts and paradigm of sociology to analyze and discuss the cultural intension in a Hakka ritual organization, investigate the properties of the communication connections, the boundaries of a community, the symbolic system and its way to connect to the community, the motivation to mold a community and so on. Through the project, hopefully we can bridge the traditional and modern issues of the research about the community via a multiple vision, thus enrich the concepts and the content of the community. Through studying the history of developing a community and religious ceremony, there can be several social organizations in one area and they have different needs, which depend on the properties of connecting to the society such as economical, regional and religious factors. The limit of a community can be large or small, and sometimes they overlap with each other. For the economical reason, some communities may play the leading role. E.g. the appearance of the main god. Some communities may derive from a larger community based on the same symbol with floating character, such as spreading Ma-Zu belief. These communities make interactions, integration, and disunion via emblem, thus keep the limit be floating. Communities are open public area and someone can belong to more than one community through his / her identification to the emblem. From the view point of constructism of social anthropology , the formation of the structure of a community must be the result of the interaction between historical process and the archetype of cosmology of the community members. The process is always propagating, transforming to reach a temperate balance. A limit of a community is not recognized freely and it is not firmed. How is the limit identified, unscramble, weaken, disappear is the result of the operation between elements. Religion builds a channel to communicate the holy division and the common customs. Via ceremonies, the group wills are presented. By repeating the ceremonies, the sanctity is kept. The ceremonies become the power to dominate the community and create a larger forming power in the community.

碩士
明道大學
國學研究所
105
Bao shin-Chen, a scholar and calligraphic theorist in Qing dynasty, played an important role in the research of the Northern Inscription. After the book “Yi Zhou Shuang Ji” was published, the Northern Inscription became popular and attracted considerable attention and Bao built up his own calligraphy theory. However, the concrete practice of Bao’s calligraphy has not been accepted widely and the succeeding researchers has doubted his contribution. Based on these viewpoints, it is necessary to do a further research on Bao’s calligraphy theory and thought. Our study supports that Bao’s theory is from the Northern Inscription, and the works of Bao and his mentor, Deng Shi-ru, reveal the sequence of Bao’s calligraphy. Moreover, the discussions of the past researches show that Bao’s achievement is not highly exaggerated and later readers can understand his calligraphy theory and thought further. The book “Yi Zhou Shuang Ji” could carry on the past heritage and open up the future in the development of the Northern Inscription and provide insight and inspiration for the common practice of calligraphy in late Qing dynasty.

博士
中國文化大學
中國文學系
106
The initial title of the epic Hua Bao-Shan was Justice Troop (Gong Dao Jun), in which the content mainly retells the uprising of Justice Troop at Roar Hill in Wuxi during the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. After the fall of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the Qing Empire, especially during the reign of Tongzhi Emperor, strictly prohibited this song. Those who violated the order of this forbidden song were imposed with the punishment of nine familial exterminations or decapitation. As a result, this song was passed down via “verbal conveyance and inner perception” - namely, the melody was fine-tuned and the tempo was changed using two fixed melody backbones under the premise of the existence of lyric rhymes. This study selected the existing text of Hua Bao-Shan collected and arranged by Hai-rong Chu and sung by Tzu-rong Hua as the static text and chose the video recording file of the fourth generation of singer, Chian-chin Tang, as the dynamic text. Chapters 2 to 4 outline the research foundation of Hua Bao-Shan; “Chapter 5 Sentence Structure and Rhythm” and “Chapter 6 Investigation on Musicality” extend the research foundation to perform an in-depth investigation on the music part and deduce that the “Chiang Ju” - where number of words exceeds seven Chinese characters, the melody is strong, and the change in tempo is significant - is the key to the harmony between literature and music. Therefore, this investigation into the epic Hua Bao-Shan breaks through the framework of past studies on folk songs.

碩士
國立臺灣海洋大學
海洋環境資訊學系
98
Abstract The main purpose of this research was to assess the concentration of nutrients in Shen-Ao Bay during the period when the release of warm water ceased from the Shen-Ao fossil fuel power station. Surface (0 m) and mid-depth (5 m) seawater samples were collected from 8 sampling stations in the bay during the period June 2009 to May 2010. The samples were analyzed for pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), conductivity, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), and chlorophyll-a. The results show that during the study period the high temperature, low salt layer of surface seawater in the bay disappeared. The concentrations of nutrients were higher in the surface seawater than at mid-depth. The surface and mid-depth seawater differed in the composition and concentration of nutrients; an exception was the apparent layering at the sampling station of the petroleum company. The results indicate that the seawater inside the bay is significantly influenced by anthropogenic activities. Since cessation of the release of warm water from the power station the hydro-environment in Shen-Ao Bay has gradually recovered to natural conditions. Keywords: Shen-Ao Bay, thermal plume termination ,nutrients

碩士
國立臺東大學
文化資源與休閒產業學系
102
Recently, the industry of inns has developed rapidly in Liouciou. There have been a great number of competitors investing in the B&B industry, making it an emerging leisure industry. With the establishment of the various characteristics of B&BS; gradually, the business compete closely. How to use the strategies of business management effectively to increase the superiority of competition have become the issues that the owners of the inns have to face. In this study, the “Innovative SWOT Matrix” concept was adopted to analyze the resources, customers, and competitors of the Shan Ban Bay Inn. The categories and the degree of impact were quantified in order to analyze the core resources and crucial success factors of the Shan Ban Bay Inn. The “Difference Matrix Comparison” of analysis was used to grasp the advantages and disadvantages of internal or the external market opportunities. The results of the emperical studies indicate that it could be superior with the core resources in the market if the staff understands the process of establishment and development of the inn itself, the staff can be earnest and responsible one and royalty to the inn, and they would collect information of other inns. The standard of the inns correspond to the market demanding, smooth capital turnover, not having any financial problems, brand and images are the main factors to succeed. It could satisfy most of the customers if the surroundings of the inns are beautiful, the view of the room is fascinating, the room is soundproof and qualified with legal registration certificate and practicing certificate. Facing rapid changes in the market, the Shan Ban Bay Inn ought to make the best use of the superior geographic location, make marketing channels diverse, strengthen the staff’s professional and educational training, and attend more activities so that the inn can become more famous. Therefore, the Shan Ban Bay Inn could achieve its goal of a sustainable management.

碩士
國立雲林科技大學
文化資產維護系碩士班
91
Lu-Ban is the founder of woodworking. And the Lu-Ban organization is also the biggest one among all the religious organization of job. Nowadays, moreover, two out of 200 Lu-Ban organizations─Jiin-Sen-Shin in Lukang and Cheau-Sheng in Tungshin are the most dynamic in Taiwan. Generally speaking, there are two functions of Lu-Ban organization. One is to hold religious ceremony and unite people of the same trade. The other is to effect profoundly local industrial development. Up to the present, Lu-Ban organization faces the problem─needs to be transformed. The problem is probably resulted from the changing of economic structure, and the severe competition of exported- and imported-market. “Industrial Culturalization” and “Cultural Industrialization” may be the key to the problem. That is, the transformation of the Lu-Ban organization needs these two factors, and help from the government and civil industry. The current study is to compare the two Lu-Ban organizations─Jiin-Sen-Shin and Cheau-Sheng. The focus is to discuss the differences of industrial cultural activity between these two organizations, and the influence of the organization upon local industry as well.

碩士
國立東華大學
自然資源與環境學系
99
Abstract The study site locates in Asia Cement Corporation Sin-Chen Shan Quarry northeast final limited slope, altitude between 427-330m. To shorten the landscape restoration and time need, Asia Cement Greening team developed the vegetation bag method on quarried out wall for restoration in 2006. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of the vegetation restoration from the sampling slots for the period of 3-months, 6-months, 1-year and 3-years. The results were that 13 species of woody plants and 60 species of herbs, with a total coverage of 75% in 3 months plots; 11 species of woody plants, 36 species of herbs, with a total coverage 104% in 6 months plots; 8 species of woody plants, average trees height 2.12 m, 135% coverage, and 26 species herbaceous in 1-year plots; 12species of woody plants, average trees height 2.48 m, 143% coverage, and 21 species herbaceous in 3-years plots. Although the number of species seems to be decreased, the vegetation became a secondary forest. The vegetation bag method made a green landscape in 3 months plots. The vegetation reached a total coverage over 100% in 6 months plots. A year later, landscape or coverage was satisfied. The dominant tree species were Broussonetia papyrifera、Boehmeria frutescens and Trema orientalis , and the vegetation became a young secondary forest. Three years later,the most dominant tree species is Trema orientalis , and vegetation became a three-layered secondary forest. Finally,from 1-year plots of both the vegetation bag method and the rock wall platform vegetation method were compared, to understand the effectiveness of vegetation restoration. The former cost are expensive, prices are 1200 dollars/m2 ，the later price are cheaper, 388 dollars/m2,however, the former save time；both have similar dominant species,which are shade- intolerant pioneer species of secondary forest. .

碩士
逢甲大學
水利工程與資源保育學系
107
This study is aimed at the management strategy planning of the im-portant reservoirs. The study area is the Bao-Shan Reservoir of Hsinchu and the Yong-He-Shan Reservoir of Miaoli. Both of them are off-stream reservoirs. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assess the pollution sources of the Reservoir and to analyze the pollution hotspots in the wa-tershed. And this study use Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) as the model to simulate the total phosphorus pollution production in the watershed. Moreover, the results of hotspot analysis show that the subwatersheds have more pollution yield per year, since these subwa-tersheds have larger area. The pollution hotspots are located in the subwatersheds. Therefore, this study applies theVollenweider model to estimate the required pollurion removal rate. The current situation of the two reservoirs is different. If we want to improve water quality can be significant references for the relevant management agency. Finally, this study analyzes the impact of climate change on the flow and water quality based on TCCIP data. The scenario of the dynamical downscaling is dominated by storm events, while scenario of the statistical downscaling is the long-term rainfall scenario. It can be seen from the research results that the rainfall situation at the end of the century is higher than the near future, which affects the flow and water quality. About 89% of the water source in Bao-Shan Reservoir is led to Shang-Ping River. The point source and non-point source pollution in the reservoir area are 56% and 44% respectively. The Shang-Ping wa-tershed is dominated by non-point source pollution, accounting for about 90% of the total. The results indicate that about 24% of TP needs to be reduced to improve the reservoir water quality and to solve the eutrophication problems. The analysis and discussion in this study can be significant references for the relevant management agency of theBao-Shang Reservoir. And 90% of the Yong-He-Shan Reservoir comes from the Tian-Mei watershed. The point source and non-point source pollution of the Yongheshan Reservoir account for 62% and 38% respectively. The non-point source pollution of the Tian-Mei watershed also accounts for 90%. The Yong-He-Shan Reservoir is in a stable and nutrient state, which can reduce the amount of pollution by about 20% to make the water quality to reach a better state.

碩士
高苑科技大學
土木工程研究所
103
Ministry of Economic Affairs to effectively improve the flooding problem, since 2005 Provision 8 years 80 billion NT dollars special budget to provide acceleration to improve flood disaster prevention planning to cope with the growing problem of extreme weather caused by the recent flood disasters. Kaohsiung City, Kaohsiung County Government is against the original area of low-lying areas where flooding is easy to actively seek the central government budget for flood control in order to solve a long-term residents in low-lying areas of pain, avoid living in flood nightmare being. Gangshan regional governance through setting Dian Bao Hung Chi, has been effective in improving the flooding situation. In this paper, Dian Bao Creek detention pond after completion, after several typhoons and storms hit, Gangshan region of floods arising from conduct economic analysis, to understand the rule of the flood pool set whether planning objectives. Research shows that only the land value has gained 46 percent, the report estimates more than 10 percent of the planning nearly tripled. Completion date, nor heard any flooding disaster. Verifiable planning and design of the foot detention pond is quite correct, and suggested that the era of post-detention pond early planning for municipal building should be.

碩士
國立臺北大學
民俗藝術與文化資產研究所
104
According to Fong-Mao Lee, Taoist priests of central Taiwan are considered as Zhusha-Ershui entity. In this territory, “Shou Zhen Dao Fang” inherited by Lingbao School is one of the predominant pulpits. Moreover, since the unique terrain around all the other area , Zhusha-Ershui entity has its unique characteristic. This essay takes the Ci Bai Cing Sheng as a case study to analysis the yin-yang ritual of Shou Zhen Dao Fang and its music. Yin-yang ritual means the funeral and fertility rites of Taoism, and it has particular performance and music in different ceremonies. The word ‘ Yin-Yang Ke-Shi’ was defined as follows, ‘Ke’ means the pattern, and ‘Shi’ is the rule of the pattern. In general, fertility is yang; funeral is yin, and the music and performance of Lingbao School show great variety, since Lingbao School is a distinctive union that helds both fertility and funeral rites. At this point,this study will compare these two contrasting practices in the perspective of music. Their rites and music patterns usually switch between Yin and Yang,therefore,in this essay the author contrast the differences between Yin and Yang,analysis their outline of the songs, the process of ceremony, tune patterns, musical and ritualistic instruments, etc. In the conclusion of this essay will discuss the connection between the rites and music as well as the function of the music within the rites. Keywords: central Taiwan、Ling-bao Taoist、Yin-yang ritual、Ci Bai Cing Sheng

碩士
國立臺灣海洋大學
海洋環境資訊學系
96
Among all bays located along the shore of northern Taiwan, Sheng-ao Bay is a small one with a shape most like the letter C. The sea surface water characterized by high temperature and low salinity due to the thermal plume of the power plant and the fresh water of Jioufen Creek stratifies the water column of the bay. It was found in early studies that the current field of the bay was also stratified. Further observations of Sheng-ao Bay’s currents for this thesis include repeated scans of currents from 2m below the surface to the bottom with a shipboard Acoustic Doppler Profiler (ADP), deployments of GPS drifters with drogues near surface and at 6m depth, and repeated casts of CTD survey for vertical hydrographic structure. Comparisons of these observations together with studies of the vertical scattering diagrams of speeds and directions enhance the reliability of the ADP synoptic flow charts and prove the stratification of the current field. Distribution of current directions indicates the variation of clockwise or counterclockwise rotations with depths in flood or ebb tides. In addition, 1.5 knots jet flow could happen at a depth of 4m. Results of experiments in three seasons infer that stratifications of water columns and currents should exist year round. However, Sheng-ao Power Plant stops emitting thermal plumes because of remodeling to expand its capacity in 2008, offering the best opportunity to survey the natural environmental background of Sheng-ao Bay.

碩士
國立臺灣海洋大學
應用地球科學研究所
98
In the north Taiwan, the pocket–like Guo-sheng Bay is located between Jin-shan and Ye-liu caps with its opening towards northeast. Inside the bay at Wan-li country, the nuclear energy plant No.2 was built by Taipower Company and its 200-meter-long water outlet blocked the originally continuous coastline. The purpose of this study is to study whether the nearby sandy coast will be affected by the artificial construction. This study purchased the aviation digital photos from Aerial Survey Office, Forestry Bureau from 1979 to 2007. After ortho-rectification of the digital photo data, the sequential coastlines were extracted with the Geographical Information System. Afterwards, the extracted six years’ coastlines were overlaid one another to study the artificial effects. Meanwhile, by integrating the wave incidence direction, we found there is a obvious northwest longshore current in the north of study area and a slight southeast longshore current in the south of study area. Based on the results of the study, I found that the shore area changes with different seasons. For Example, the beach surface is wide and steep in winter time and narrow and smooth in summer time without typhoon influence. By the grain-size and mineral composition analyses of sediments, the sediments of this area are mainly derived from the source area through the Yuan-ten River. To sum up the results of the study, the coastline has slightly and repeatedly shifted back and forth during the last three decades. Therefore, the coastline is in a stable status and not affected by the water outlet of nuclear power plant no.2. The seasonal change of the shoreline is affected mainly by the monsoon and the occasional typhoon event.

碩士
國立臺灣海洋大學
海洋環境資訊學系
97
Located at northern Taiwan, the Shen-ao Bay is characterized by thermal plume of a power plant and fresh water of the Jiu-fen Brook, causing the surface water of high temperature and low salinity which makes a significant stratification against the subsurface water. The power plant was extended in 2008 and stopped discharging warm water for one year, providing an opportunity to survey the hydrographic and current fields of the bay in natural condition. During 2005~2009, there were seven times hydrographic surveys in the bay and four times aside the coast. When the plume appeared, the surface water could be 2~4℃ warmer than the subsurface water. The surface warm water disappeared when the power plant was shutdown. In such a circumstance, the brook water might even cause the surface water cooler than the subsurface water. After the thermal plume was terminated, coastal temperature descended about 8℃ in June-July and 6℃ in August-September.

This thesis presents an analysis of seventeen contemporary blockbuster films in which women kill people. The purpose of the analysis is to discover the "frames" with which film producers, directors, scriptwriters and actors portray women in film. The thesis first establishes the model in use in the analysis: Entman's model of frame analysis. Frame analysis posits that rhetors use frames, or lenses, through which they create, explain and solve problems, especially in a news cast. These frames are accepted, consciously or subconsciously, by the audience. Entman's model is integrated with Naylor's six categories of popular news portrayal of female killers, which suggests that the news portrays these women as witches, non-women, unmotherly, etc. Next, the thesis reviews previous literature on feminist film analysis, framing theory, and historical empirical and anecdotal evidence on female killers. This foundation, along with Entman's model, is then used to analyze seventeen films, chosen by gross, date and storyline, in which female characters kill. The conclusions are that the news and films portray women similarly, with one exception. Films allow for an extra category: the heroine. Further research should include a comparison of female and male killers in film and an historical review of female killers in film throughout the twentieth century to investigate transitions in frames.
Graduation date: 2000

碩士
國立臺北大學
民俗藝術研究所
97
In 1616, Cheng Cheng-kung (also known as Koxinga) of the Southern Ming attacked and took Taiwan, ushering in an era of massive immigration by the Han people to the island from Mainland China. Along with these immigrants came the cultural life, social customs and religious worship of their native land; which, after more than 300 years’ blending, have created the unique Taiwanese culture belonging only to this land. In order to overcome the adverse conditions confronting them in the early stage of settlement for survival, these immigrants had to ally themselves with the nearby villages or fellow villagers from China and form an inter-village defense alliance. Such an alliance, which the author calls ‘multi-village associations for worship, ’is not for defense only; it is also a union of worship, activated and consolidated by the power of worship and routine organization of worship activities. 　To provide a basis for a comprehensive understanding and the re-establishment of the context in which the systems of multi-village associations for the worship of Bao-Sheng-Da-Di in Annan District, Tainan City, were developed, this study will, by examining the history of the Han people’s immigration and settlement there, illustrate the background to the development of folk worship in the district and its meaning, and summarize fully and truthfully the rings of worship formed by temples in the villages, which later expanded to multi-village associations for worship of the inter-village level. Meanwhile, based on their origin temples, the study will divide the multi-village associations for the worship of Bao-Sheng-Da-Di in Annan District into two main systems: branch temples of Tzuchi Temple of Syuejia Township, Tainan County and branch temples of Tzuchi Temple of Hunei Township, Kaohsiung County. It will also explore reasons for their development, patterns of organization, local features and worship activities and make a contrastive comparison and analysis. 　This thesis consists of five chapters. Chapter 1 “Introduction” is mainly an illustration of the motive, purpose, scope and methodology of the study and the framework of the thesis. Chapter 2 “A Review of Related Theories and Literature” is a general review of previous related studies on two subjects: local cults and regional cults, as well as studies on multi-village alliances. The development of the Bao-Sheng-Da-Di worship in Taiwan is also generally discussed. Chapter 3 “General Situations of Human Development and Worship in Annan District, Tainan City” is basically an explanation of the origin of its immigrants, the development of its immigrant colony and the patterns of religious worship. Chapter 4 “Multi-village Worship of Bao-Sheng-Da-Di in Annan District, Tainan City” is primarily an exploration of the context in which the district’s Bao-Sheng-Da-Di worship was developed and how it has changed. It also discusses in detail the historical context of the two main multi-village associations for the worship of Bao-Sheng-Da-Di and the current situation of their development. Chapter 5 “Analysis and Conclusion” makes a contrastive comparison of these two main multi-village associations with regard to their context of development, organization, community and activities. This concluding chapter also makes an integral summary of the results of this research so as to set stage for the development of future follow-up studies in related fields.

碩士
國立臺南大學
台灣文化研究所碩士班
100
In Taiwan, it’s common to find that citizens worship Tiger Guardian beneath the altar. This sort of animal convention doesn’t seem to be orthodoxy, but truly has been deeply rooted in people as the time passed by. ”Tiger Guardian” also named “Tiger General“ or “ Admiral Under Table”, is totally the symbolic and key guardian among all animal gods with nothing to be parallel for. In Taiwan, there are no specific temples to worship the Master Tiger. It is mostly worshiped with its main god. The Master Tiger mainly served the main gods of the Village Deity and The Emperor Pao-shen.Legend has that the Master tiger also can dispel epidemics, guard the temples and bring huge fortune. But owing to its low god position, we mostly find it under the table or found it in carves in temples. This essay is based on literature review. Through the assist of related documents, it is more complete, accurate, and representative. And it also adopted field study. Based on the original Tainan area (before the combination of Tainan city and Tainan county on 25th December, 2010), the field study investigated the temples of Village Deity and The Emperor Pao-shen according to the second-edition book, “National Temples List”, published by by Ministry of the Interior in November, 2004. Then compare different outlooks of Master Tigers, their artisans, and temples. Also record with the registered temples, hopeful to accomplish the locations of Master Tiger, and its legends with its main gods. And from the process of how the statues of Master Tiger were made, to learn more about the way people worship,materials,birthday celebration, sizes, and welcoming ceremony, in hopes of offering public more knowledge about folk Master Tiger religion in culture, style, and mental aspect.

碩士
國立臺灣海洋大學
環境生物與漁業科學學系
98
For reveal the variation and distribution of copepod communities in the baymental environment. In present study, we sampled mesozooplankton in Shen-Aou Bay and Fan-Zi-Auo Bay at northeastern Taiwan to investigate seasonal variations of copepod communities from October 2007 to January 2009 during 6 research cruises. Copepod samples were collected by surface tows (0-5m), using a standard North Pacific zooplankton (NORPAC) net (with a mouth diameter of 45 cm and a mesh size of 330 μm). Throughout all sampling campaigns, 78 copepod species belonging to 34 genera, 20 families, and 4 orders were identified in present study. Among them, the species which with relative abundce over 2% were: Temora turbinata, Paracalanus parvus, Canthocalanus pauper, Calanus sinicus, Acrocalanus gracilis, Oncaea minuta, Corycaeus(Farranula) gibbula and Subeucalanus subcrassus. The most common copepod species in the present study were: Paracalanus parvus, Acrocalanus gracilis, Temora turbinata, Canthocalanus pauper, Oncaea minuta and Subeucalanus subcrassus (Occurrence rate over 80%), fifteen copepod species were exclusively identified from a single sample. Cluster analysis demonstrated that copepod communities of northeastern Taiwan varied with seasonally. The results of Two-way ANOVA (seasons and stations sampled) showed that without significant difference (p > 0.05) for species number, total copepod abundance, indices of richness, richness and diversity. The results of One-way ANOVA showed that among 78 species, abundance of 12 species with the signicifant difference between sampling seasons. The abundances of seven copepod species (Acrocalanus monachus, Temora discaudata, Macrosetella gracilis, Corycaeus(Corycaeus) speciosus, Corycaeus(F.) concinna, Oncaea media and Copilia mirabilis) showed a significantly positive correlation with seawater temperature. Calanus sinicus showed a significant negative correlation with seawater temperature (r= -0.434, p=0.008) and became abundant during the cold water intrusion of the China coastal Current in northeastern Taiwan. Our results provide the useful information on zooplankton community structure and seasonal succession in the baymental environment at northeastern Taiwan.

碩士
國立新竹教育大學
進修部數理教育碩士班(自然組)
92
The trend of long-term changes and current situation investigation for Bau-Shan Reservoir nutrients Abstract Bao-shan Reservoir is a important Reservoir for Hsinchu area, the maintenance of its water quality is rather urgent and necessary. This research is conducted lasting one year from December 2002 to November 2003, sampling and analyzing the water quality once every month, detecting its abiotic factors and content of nutrients. According to detecting results, the water temperature of Bao-shan Reservoir is between 14.6 ~ 32.2º C, dissolved oxygen value is between 0.3 ~ 12.95 mg/L; pH value 6.97 ~ 9.29; penetrability degree 1.31 ~ 2.5m; total phosphorous value 0.012 ~ 0.105 mg/L; ammonia value 0.012 ~ 0.346mg/L; nitrite value 0.0036 ~ 0.0456 mg/L, and nitrate value 0.5914 ~ 3.286 mg/L. The stratified monitoring of the water temperature, the amount of Dissolved Oxygen, and pH value in February, April~September in 2003 of the vertical distribution of abiotic factors showed that there were seasonal circulation stratified changes. While the monitoring of the vertical distribution of abiotic factors in another months showed there were average but non-stratified changes. The detecting value of Total Phosphorus in water, Ammonia, Nitrite, Nitrate of Bao-Shan Reservoir showed that there were less obvious seasonal changes. However, it was found that when it was hot and the water was warmer, most Nitrogen, Phospate in Hypolimnion was higher than those in Metalimnion and Epilimnion. According to the amount of Nitrogen and Phosphate it contains, Bao-Shan Reservoir is catergorized between a reservoir of Mesotrophic and Eutrophic

碩士
亞洲大學
經營管理學系碩士在職專班
105
“New Hometown” Community Building Project has been implemented in 2002 by Executive Yuan, Republic of China which combined specific Hakka tradition, special geography and local industry for community inhabitants to construct their ideal hometown. San Ban Ciao Leisure Farm has transformed a woodcarving studio into a Leisure Farm that focused on Hakka culture. Therefore, has integrated Hakka culture- associated characteristics and experience activities, such as Hakka Blue shirts DIY, Chinese opera masks painting and Hakka Tung Blossom Festival into traditional woodcraft. Kano two-dimensional quality model and questionnaire surveys were conducted to investigate the service quality elements, and understood the consumers’ needs for all quality elements. The results showed that among 22 quality elements, there were 3 attractive quality elements, 8 one-dimensional quality elements, 3 must-be quality elements, 7 indifferent quality elements, and 1 reverse quality element. The results suggestions were proposed to related enterprises for reference to improve and elevate service quality.

碩士
國立高雄師範大學
客家文化研究所
107
The purpose of this study was to investigate The Dongshi Shin-Ding-Ban Festival in Taichung City. The scope of this research was from Wenhua Street to former Dongshih Train Station and Dongshi Hakka Cultural Park. To understand the development in The Dongshi Shin-Ding-Ban Festival in Taichung City after having the participation of non-governmental organizations and resources from Taichung City Government, participant observation and in-depth interviews methods were applied. The interviewees included officials of Council for Hakka Affairs of Taichung City Government, the members of the Hakka Cultural Association in Taichung City, local elder citizens, cultural workers, and the former chairman of Yongxing Temple of Beixing Borough in Dongshih District. The research questions were the elements which facilitated the development and the influence of the process that The Folklore of The Shin-Ding-Ban became The Dongshi Shin-Ding-Ban Festival. The research findings were as follow: 1.The policies and resources of the government resulted in The Dongshi Shin-Ding-Ban Festival’s development. 2.Participation of non-governmental organizations transformed the meaning of The Dongshi Shin-Ding-Ban Festival. 3.The tourism-oriented planning generated the industrial development and business opportunities in Dongshi District. 4.Local citizens were benefited from the development of the folklore to a festival.

碩士
國立宜蘭大學
園藝學系碩士班
102
In this thesis, ‘Jong-Shan Yueh Bar’ (Psidium guajava L.) from Ilan was adopted for the following study, including fruit growth and development and harvest maturity, the impact of harvest maturities and storage temperatures on the fruit’s respiration rate, ethylene production, fruit quality and storability, and the influences on fruit decay rate and peel color of guava by 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) postharvest treatment. The study is expected to contribute to the study and promotion of the guava industry. The fruit materials used in this experiment were grown by a fruit farmer Mr. Lin in Toucheng, Ilan (north latitude+24° 51' 49.48", east longitude +121° 48' 26.63"). The growth curve of the fruit can be divided into three stages: first stage: fruit development significantly increased; second stage: steady growth; third stage: rapid fruit growth, during which period the transversal diameter increases at a faster length than the longitudinal diameter. Fruit growth follows a double-sigmoid curve. The fruit shape index during the early development is greater than 1, indicating that the fruit has an elongated shape; the fruit shape index subsequently becomes less than 1, indicating the shape as oblate sphere. The fruit drop rate per week and accumulate fruit drop rate were lower than 15% from 13 to 76 days after anthesis (DAA), a significant fruit drop occurred 83 to 104 DAA, reaching 100% on 104 DAA. The abovementioned fruit in the growth and development was harvested on 34, 62, 76, 83, 90, and 97 DAA. That increases days after anthesis increased the mass of the fruit. The fruit firmness quickly dropped from 65N (75 DAA) to 10 N (97 DAA). The L value of the peel color increased as the number of days after anthesis increased, but decreased on 97 DAA. The a* value of the peel color was the highest on 90 DAA and it was the lowest on 83 and 97 DAA, thus reaching significant differences. The b* value of the peel color increased as the number of days after anthesis increased. The total soluble solids content from 83 to 97 DAA increased with increases in the number of days after anthesis, with 97 DAA (11 °Brix) being the highest and 83 DAA (9 °Brix) and 90 DAA (9 °Brix) reaches significant differences. The titratable acidity content, sugar-acid ratio, and ascorbic acid content showed no significantly different. In consideration to the characteristics of fruit growth and development, fruit quality requirements, and economic benefits, it is recommended that the 97 DAA be selected as the harvestable maturity. The mass of the fruit showed an upward trend with increase in harvest maturity (the number of days after anthesis), but the fruit firmness showed the opposite results. The fruit peel color on 90 DAA had the highest L and a* values, the b* value of the peel color was the highest on 102 DAA. The total soluble solids content on 84 DAA was the lowest and the highest on 102 DAA. That an increase harvest maturity decreased the titratable acidity content. The ascorbic acid content was the highest in 96 DAA and was the lowest in 90 DAA. As for harvest maturity (84, 90, 96, and 102 DAA), the results of the fruit stored under 20 and 5℃ for 12 days showed that after 9 days under 20℃, the decay rate of the fruit 102 days after flowering was the highest (100%). The L value of the treatment group on day 84, 90, and 96 first decreased and then increased, on 102 DAA, the fruit continued to increase as storage time increased, but it slightly decreased after 12 days of storage; the a* value of the peel color on 102 DAA turned from a negative value to appositive value on the sixth day of storage. On the other hand 90 and 96 DAA turned from negative values to positives values on day ninth; 84 DAA turned from a negative value to a positive value on day twelfth; the b* value of the peel color increased in the storage period increased. With increases in harvest maturity, the fruit firmness, total soluble solids content, and ascorbic acid content all decreased. During the period of storage at 5℃,the fruit on 102 DAA and stored for 9 days had the highest decay rate (66%). The L values of the peel color on 84, 90, and 96 DAA all significantly decreased after storage for 3 days, but the fruit on 102 DAA showed no significant changes, except for the fruit stayed for ninth days that decreased; the a* values of the peel color in various treatment groups did not turn to positive values during the storage period; all the treatment groups showed no significant changes in b* values, but the 84 DAA was decreased during storage. In terms of fruit firmness, it decreased with an increase in harvest maturity. The total soluble solids content of various treatment groups showed no significant changes, except for the one stored for 102 DAA that decreased. As of the titratable acidity content only 84 DAA was significantly higher than the other treatment groups. The ascorbic acid content decreased with increases in maturity. It is recommended that the 96 DAA be selected as the maturity for harvest. On 84 DAA, the respiration rate of the fruit climacteric peaked on day eighth. As the days increased to 102 DAA, the respiration rate reached the climacteric peak on the second day of storage. As for the peak of ethylene, the fruit 84 DAA also peaked on the eighth day of storage. As the number of days after anthesis increased to 102 DAA, the peak of the fruit ethylene was reached on the fourth day. As for the impact of storage temperature on the respiration rate and ethylene production of ‘Jong-Shan Yueh Bar’ guava fruit, findings show that the respiration rate of the fruit stored under 25℃ began to increase on the third day, while the respiration rate of the fruit stored under 20℃ increased with increases in the number of storage days, both peaking on fifth day. For the treatment groups stored under 5 and 10℃, the respiration rates were steady until seventh day of storage, but the respiration rate began to increase on first day of temperature transfer to 20℃. The ethylene production of the treatment group stored under 25℃ began to increase on first day and peaked on second day. The treatment group stored under 20℃ peaked after 3 days and gradually decreased afterwards. The treatment groups stored under 5 and 10℃ showed steady ethylene production until seventh day of storage, on the first day of temperature transfer to 20℃, the ethylene production reached the peak. While fruit peel browning was more serious in the fruit stored under 5℃ compared to the fruit peel stored under 10℃, thus the inference that the fruit stored under 10℃ had the best shelf life. The harvested mature green fruits were treated using 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) of varying concentrations (0, 300 and 600 nL˙L−1) under 20°C for a period of 12 hours. The results showed that an increase in 1-MCP concentration decreased the decay rate, where the 600 nL˙L−1 1-MCP featured the lowest decay rate, which was followed by the 300 nL˙L−1 1-MCP, and significant differences were observed. The weight loss percentage increased with the storage duration, but no significant differences between three concentrations. An increase in the storage period (after fourth day) decreased the L value. For guavas treated using the 0 nL˙L−1 or 300 nL˙L−1 1-MCP, the a* value moved from negative to positive on the fourth and fifth day, respectively. For guavas treatment using the 600 nL˙L−1 1-MCP, the a* value remained in the negative even on the sixth day. Concerning the b* value for guavas processed using the 0 , 300, and 600 nL˙L−1 1-MCP, significant differences were observed only between the second and fifth day, and the difference between the 300 nL˙L−1 or 600 nL˙L−1 1-MCP were no significant differences.

碩士
國立屏東科技大學
森林系
95
It is extremely complicated to estimate the soil erosion in watersheds. Various models are developed in recent years to predict the soil erosion. The most common model used for soil erosion is USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation). Also it is the formula used for estimating the amount of soil erosion in soil and water conservation. The study explored the cause of different sediment by comparing the amount of sediment by USLE with it by practical measure. The results revealed that the increasing sediment in sediment basins #1~#4 of the mining area in Ban-ping Shan decreased rapidly in year 1999~2001, yet the decrease mitigated in year 2003~2006. The light increasing percent of sediment of sediment basin #2, #3 and #4 showed the soil erosion in watersheds have been stabilized. Based on the relationships between sediment and time by logistic regression analysis, it presented that the enormous difference was coefficient. The coefficient difference was the indicator of Cover and Management Factor and Support Practice Factor in watersheds. Furthermore, by exploring the relationships between sediment and slope, it was found that slope is an influential cause after the soil has been stabilized. By comparing the average erosion depth, in year 2003~2006, excluding the small avalanche in sediment basin #1, the erosion depth in watersheds of sediment basin #2, #3 and #4 were 0.84 cm, 0.5 cm, and 1.34 cm, which all were lower than the estimation of USLE. The results indicated that higher estimation happens when using USLE in long term mining area recovery. Nevertheless, the consequences of linear regression analysis showed that in year 1999~2001, there was no obvious correlation since it was the initial stage of vegetation recovery; in year 2001~2003, there was positive correlation between the estimation of sediment by USLE and the sediment by practical measure.

碩士
中華大學
營建管理研究所
97
During 921 Earthquake in 1999, most of the academic buildings located in the disaster district had collapsed which were designed as protection shelter. The situation had frightened most people and doubt about what is the problem of academic buildings in Taiwan? Most students spend one third of daily time in school. The relationship between students and school environment are very close. In order to ensure the educational quality and teaching efficiency, the overall and long-term considerations shall be taken during design and construction of academic buildings. Under this circumstance the quality of academic buildings can response to the education policy of 21st century. In related research one can discover the functionality of the school buildings does not meet the need of the majority users. This urgent problem shall be reviewed and improved comprehensively. In order to discuss whether the functionality meet the original design goal, this study taking Shin-Ying Elementary School as example project, combined with Da-Tong Elementary School and Bao-Dong Elementary School which are designed by the same architect in the same period as Post-Occupancy Evaluation. The purpose is to find out the difficulties of the academic buildings in design phase. The satisfactory situation of faculties, students, guardians, and community populace will be discussed and analysis as the reference of educational authorities, school administration, architects and other relative researches.

碩士
國立高雄師範大學
臺灣歷史文化及語言研究所
107
In Taiwan, there is a popular saying that " 戲棚下徛久就是你的。(All good things come to those who wait.)" It fully shows the learning process of " Mentorship " in the early. Many scholars who have studied traditional Taiwanese opera. Even so, it is rare to be a　researcher at the same time and enter the field of research. Since joined the troupe in 2012, I found many interesting phenomena between these from now to before. This study will be different from the previous research, focusing on the actual case writing and long-term field observation. Besides briefly describing the origin of puppetry and discussing the development process of puppetry in Taiwan; Focusing on the worship of gods in the puppet show, uses ethnography to present two cases, " Art as communication " is used to observe the interaction between human　beings, gods and operators, Goffman “Social Drama” to analyze the functional changes and strain mechanism of the formation of folk theater. Based on the changes of the modern society, this paper further discusses the social significance of the opera running and the interpersonal network, so as to understand whether the participation of such a powerful plebeian group has any influence on the function change of the opera running, or even the key process of "taiwanization". And because these different performance techniques are attached to the historical context of the place, resulting in different characteristics from the original place can not be copied.

碩士
國立新竹教育大學
藝術教育與創作碩士班
105
This study combined the teaching models of Arts and Humanities, integrative activity learning areas, and the curriculum guideline of 12-year compulsory education with the goals of service-learning course. The study sample comprised four third graders of Bao Shan Elementary School Shan Hu Branch, who participated in the integrated course of visual arts and service-learning. The specific research goals are as follows: (a) to investigate the theory and content of SERVICE-LEARNING; (b) to propose and implement an integrated visual arts course that incorporates SERVICE-LEARNING in Bao Shan Elementary School ShanHu Branch; (c) to analyze the effects of the integrated course of visual arts and SERVICE-LEARNING on pupils’ learning process; and (d) to evaluate the outcomes of the integrated course of visual arts and SERVICE-LEARNING and the teacher growth. This is mainly an action research study supplemented by qualitative data analysis of learning outcomes. The sources of data included videotaped recordings, interviews, worksheets, observation notes, and reflection records. The following are primary research conclusions: A. The researcher and pupils discussed the content of SERVICE-LEARNING. Moreover, the pupils gained the experience in SERVICE-LEARNING, reflected on relevant issues under the guidance of the teacher after the activities, and applied classroom learning outside school to develop their bonds with the society. B. A seven-topic, theme-oriented course was established by the researcher to guide pupils to understand the nature of service, to provide volunteer service in the nursing home, and thus to sustain their willingness to volunteer. C. The researcher discovered that (a) pupils were enthusiastic and interested during the learning process; (b) they were actively engaged in lesson activities and discussions; and (c) they excitedly and devotedly prepared for the performance to be given in the nursing home. D. The evaluation on the results indicated that SERVICE-LEARNING course had real significance and values. As a student-centered instructional approach, the SERVICE-LEARNING course helped pupils to discover their individual merits, to try diverse activities and events, and to enjoy learning. Based on the research findings, some recommendations concerning the integration of SERVICE-LEARNING into visual arts instruction are offered for future studies.

碩士
銘傳大學
應用中國文學系碩士班
100
The case of ｢Yang Nai-Wu and Xiao Bai Cai｣ is the most popular cases in Qing dynasty. Young case occurred in Yuhang, Zhejiang. Because the preliminary examination official revenge, listen to rumors and autopsy was not clear. For this reason , Yang Nai-Wu and Xiao Bai Cai were to treat unjustly. This case was judged many times, so many officials were dragged in. "Shun Pao" was actively for tracking reports in this case. Young case became famous. When the case was over, many of the same name works have appeared. but the story gradually does not match with the original case. Huang Nan Ding was adaptation of other works, into the personal philosophy and technique of writing, not only the roles had innovation and the plot was change. He also take the "actual situation" and "causal" relationship arrangements in place. It separated essay into five parts: Chapter 1－Introduction:In this chapter, info on research motive, research purpose, research range, research method and literature review. Chapter 2－Introduce the case of ｢Yang Nai-Wu and Xiao Bai Cai｣ and case analysis . Introduce "Shun Pao" . Chapter 3－Introduce Huang Nan Ding and his creative source. Section III specifically for the particular scene in the novel introductory Chapter 4－Analysis of the difference between the original case and the novel, "add character" and "plot development" in two parts, one by one analysis. Section III analyzes the implications of the thrust of the novel. Chapter 5－In this chapter , I compared and concluded the research achievements, and drafted research direction in the future.

碩士
國立宜蘭大學
園藝學系碩士班
103
The ‘Yilan Red’ guava fruit was placed under 35, 25, 15, and 10℃ for 11 days. The decay rate gradually increases with increases in storage temperature and time, reaching 100% in day 3, 4, 9, and 11. The weight loss rate of the fruit rapidly increase with an increase in temperature, reaching 7% on day 3 at 35℃. The four storage temperatures has no obvious effect on the L* value of the peel color, but with an increase in storage time, the value slightly decreases (slightly turns dull); the a*value of the peel color at 35 and 25℃ turns from a negative value to a positive value (the color turns from green to red); at 15 and 10℃, the values are both negative (green); the b*value, maintained at 45-50 show stability with little change. However, with an extended storage period, it slightly increases (slightly turns yellow). The fruit firmness decreases from 9 on day 0 to 2, 2, 3, and 6N on day 3.; at 35, 25, 15℃, and 10℃, the two groups show obvious differences in temperature. The total soluble solids content of the fruit show little change during the 11 days, maintained at around 9℃ °Brix. The titratable acidity 35 and 25℃ reduce from 0.5% to 0.4%, while 15 and 10℃ show no change, maintained at 0.5%. The ascorbic acid content at the four storage temperatures during the storage period is between 150mg to 190mg/100ml, showing no trend of consistency. The fruit placed under 35 and 25℃ reach the peak in respiration rates one after another by day 3 and day 4, while at 15 and 10℃, the shelf day 9 and 11 show low and flat respiration rates. At 35 and 25℃, the ethylene production reaches the peak on day 3 and 4; at 15 and 10℃, the ethylene production is low and flat. The ‘Jong-Shan Yueh Bar’ guava fruit is placed at 35, 25, 15, and 10℃ for eight days. The decay rate reaches 100% on day 2, 3, 6, and 7. The weight loss rate of the fruit increases as the storage temperature increases. At 35℃, the rate reaches 9% on day 3; at 10℃, the rate reaches 6% on day 8. The L* value of the peel color stored at four temperatures decreases with increases in storage time (slightly turns dull); the a* value turns from a negative value to a positive value (turns from green to red); the b* value of the peel color at 35 and 25℃ is 45; at 15℃, it is 48; at 10℃, it is 52. Additionally, the value slightly increases with increases in storage time (slightly turns yellow). The fruit firmness increases with an increase in storage temperature and decreases with an increase in time. At 35, 25, and 15℃, it reaches below 3N on day 3; at 10℃, it is maintained at over 6N. The temperatures of the two groups show significant differences. The total soluble solids content of the fruit at four storage temperatures is maintained at 9-10 °Brix. During the 8-day shelf period, no significant change is seen. The titratable acid content for storage temperatures of 35 and 25℃ decreases from 0.6% to 0.4%; at 15 and 10℃, it is maintained at around 0.6%. The ascorbic acid content at four storage temperatures is between 150mg and 220mg/100ml, without the trend of consistency. The respiration rate of the fruit at 35 and 25℃ reach the respiration peak on day 3 and day 4; at 15 and 10℃, the respiration rate is low during the shelf period; it is flat and without a peak generated. On the other hand, ethylene production at 35 and 25℃ reach the peak on day 1 and day 4, which subsequently decreases; at 15 and 10℃, the ethylene production is extremely low and without change. The shelf life of the ‘Yilan Red’ guava fruit placed at 35, 25, 15, and 10℃ is 2, 3, 8, and 10 days respectively; the shelf life of the ‘Jong-Shan Yueh Bar’ guava fruit is 1, 2, 5, 6 days respectively. Among the four storage temperatures, at 10℃, there is better quality and a longer shelf life. For the ‘Yilan Red’ guava fruit, after room cooling(10±2℃) treatment packaged fruit (Polystyrene net sleeve and PE bag) and naked fruit show stable temperatures after 340 and 240 minutes, 13.8 and 11.3℃ respectively. After 1/2 of cooling time treatment in the room cooling, the temperature decreases to 17.5℃, the packaged fruit requiring130 minutes, and the naked fruit requiring 60minutes. After the hydrocooling (3±1℃) treatment, the packaged fruit and naked fruit reach stable temperatures after 100 and 50 minutes, 3.4 and 2.2℃ respectively. After hydrocooling at 1/4, 1/2, and 7/8 cooling time, the temperatures reduce to 19.5, 14.0, and 5.8℃ respectively, the packaged fruit requiring 3, 11, and 54 minutes; the naked fruit requiring 1,3, and 14 minutes. After storage in the room cooling at 25℃, the fruit decay rate is 60% for packaged fruit on day 6; it is 100% for the control group; the rate for naked fruit on day 6 is 40% ; it is 60% for the control group. Through three kinds of hydrocooling (1/4, 1/2, and 7/8 cooling time), when stored at 25℃, the decay rate is 0% for packaged fruit on day 3 ; it is 40% for the control group; for the naked fruit, the rate is 0% on day 3 ; it is 20% for the control group. Stored at 25℃ in the room cooling, the weight loss rate for the packaged fruit on day 9 is 1% ; it is 3% for the control group; for the naked fruit, the rate is 5% on day 9 ; it is 8% for the control group. Stored at 10℃, the weight loss rate for the naked fruit on day 12 is 5% ; it is 6% for the control group. Stored after 25℃ through three kinds of hydrocooling, the weight loss rate for the packaged fruit on day 9 is 0% ; it is 2% on day 9 for the control group; for the naked fruit, the rates are 4%, 5%, and 4% respectively on day 9 ; it is 6% for the control group. Stored at 10℃ through three kinds of hydrocooling, for the naked fruit, all the three are 4% after 12 days ; it is 5% for the control group. Stored at 25℃ in the room cooling, the L* value of the peel color rapidly increases for both the packaged fruit and the naked fruit (brighter fruit peel); stored at 10℃, the degree of increase for the packaged fruit and naked fruit is slower. Stored at 25℃ in the room cooling, the a*value of the peel color increases from -12 to 4 after 6 days (the fruit’s green fades out) ; it is 8 for the control group (more green fades out). Stored at 25℃ through three kinds of hydrocooling, the a*value of the peel color increases from -12 to 5 , 3, and 1 (fruit green fades) after 6 days ; it is 5 for the control group. At 25℃, under the four kinds of precooling methods and at 25℃, the b*value of the fruit peel color for the packaged fruit and naked fruit increases from 43 to 50 on day 6 (turns yellow); stored at 10℃, the value for the packaged fruit and naked fruit increases to 50 on day 12 (turns yellow). Stored at 25℃ in the room cooling, the fruit firmness for the naked fruit is 9N on day 3 ; it is 2N for the control group; stored at 10℃, the naked fruit is 22N on day 3 ; it is 18N for the control group. Stored at 10℃ the fruit firmness on day 3 for the packaged fruit through three kinds of hydrocooling is 10, 15, and 17N respectively ; it is 7N for the control group. For the ‘Jong-Shan Yueh Bar’ guava fruit after room cooling treatment (10±2℃), the packaged and naked fruit show stable temperatures after 240 and 150 minutes respectively, 11.3 and 11.2 ℃ respectively. After 1/2 of cooling time treatment in the room cooling, the temperature decreases to 17.5℃, the packaged fruit requiring 40 minutes and the naked fruit requiring 10 minutes. After hydrocooling (3±1℃), the packaged fruit and naked fruit show stabilize temperatures after 120 and 150 minutes respectively, 3.3℃ and 2.6℃ respectively. After 1/4, 1/2, and 7/8 of cooling time through cooling, the temperatures decreases to 19.5, 14.0, and 5.8℃ respectively, the packaged fruit requiring 2, 15, and 60 minutes and the naked fruit requiring 1, 4, and 17 minutes. Stored through room cooling at 25℃, the fruit decay rate for the naked fruit is 0% on day 3 ; it is 20% for the control group. Through three kinds of hydrocooling (1/4, 1/2, and 7/8 cooling time, stored at 25℃, the decay rate for the naked fruit on day 6 is 40% ; it is 60% for the control group. Stored at 25℃ through room cooling, the weight loss rate for the naked fruit on day 6 is 6% ; it is 9% for the control group; stored at 10℃, the naked fruit is 4% on day 9 ; it is 5% for the control group. Stored at 25℃ through three kinds of hydrocooling, the weight loss rate for the packaged fruit is 1%, 0%, and 0% for the on day 6 ; it is 1% for the control group. The rates for the naked fruit on day 6 are 7%, 6%, and 6% respectively; it is 7% for the control group. Stored at 10℃ through three kinds of hydrocooling, the weight loss rates for the naked fruit on day 9 are 6%, 4%, and 4% respectively; it is 6% for the control group. Stored at 25℃ through three kinds of room cooling, the L* value of the peel color for the packaged fruit and naked fruit increases from 60 to 70 after 6 days (fruit peel turns brighter); stored at 10℃, the increase is slow, maintained at 60-65. Stored at 25℃ through room cooling, the a*value of the peel color for the packaged fruit on day 6 turns from -13 to 3 (green fades), and the control group is 6 (more green fades). Stored at 25℃ through three kinds of hydrocooling, the a* value of the peel color increases from -13 to 2, 2, and 1 on day 6, the control group is 5. At 25℃ through four kinds of precooling methods, the b* value of the peel color for the packaged fruit and naked fruit increases from 45 to 50 on day 3 (slightly turns yellow); stored at 10℃, the fruit firmness for the packaged fruit is 11N on day 3 ; it is 3N for the control group. Stored at 10℃ through three kinds of hydrocooling, the fruit firmness for the naked fruit on day 3 is 15, 15, and 14N respectively, and the control group is 8N. In summary, the ‘Yilan Red’ guava fruit and the ‘Jong-Shan Yueh Bar’ guava fruit, through precooling (room cooling and three kinds of hydrocooling), can maintain better quality and increase the shelf life through packaged and naked fruit stored under a low temperature (10℃).

碩士
南華大學
環境管理研究所
96
Yuan Shan Weir retains the Rear Pond Weir of Shihmen reservoir to match the water volume release to the downstream extremely limited nucleus (A2.474CMS or 213.76 ). Most admires between the nearly 20 kilometers basins the side current capacity and in March, 1999 beginning joins San-sia Weir. Uses for to supply the board to Bensin and North the Tao Yuan supplies the water district water demand. In recent years because of this local industry and commerce development, population fast increase, greatly increases with the public water volume. This local water supply seriously to lack. 　　 　　The purification plant usually is engaged in only the water operation. The water ships the dependent power to be able to operate. 　　 　　Therefore, the purification and supply of water most capital expenditure disbursement is only an electrical bill. The operation time matches the point to use electricity to the peak or off-peak, motor power, horsepower. Also is affects the electrical bill disbursement the primary factor. 　　 　　The Aere typhoon in 2005 creates the Tao Yuan area to cut off the water supply without the early warning. In February, 2006 the Shihmen reservoir carries on the discharges the sludge work. Also creates the Bensin area to cuts off the water supply for the water district without the early warning. The populace live very in a big way are inconvenient. The reason has: (1) the backing water volume and the pipeline have not established. (2) The Storage Pond quantity is insufficient. (3) The establishment saves the water resource management measure. (4) Establishes the reasonable water used distribution system. (5) Unified water price and establishment adjustment system. (6) By central competent authority coordinated water resources. The 21st century is the waters’ centuries. In recent years, Taiwan area national income continues to increase. The industry and commerce development creates the water the amount of use increase. Development and destruction of accelerates the Catchments Area. The water resources use and the development come under the influence. How protects the water source is the nowadays most important topic.

碩士
國立宜蘭大學
園藝學系碩士班
101
The study aims to find out the impact of respiration pattern, storage temperature and packaging and the use of 1-MCP on the postharvest quality and storage life of guava by using ‘Jong-Shan Yueh Bar’ of Toucheng Township and ‘Yilan Red’ of Yuanshan Village from Yilan County as experimental materials. The respiration rate of ‘Jong-Shan Yueh Bar’ guava rapidly increased after 2.5 day storage. Ethylene production of ‘Jong-Shan Yueh Bar’ rapidly increased after 6.5 day storage. Climacteric rise of respiration rate was about 112.9 ml CO2/kg/hr. It was 2 times as much as that of pre-climacteric minimum was about 65 ml CO2/kg/hr. Regarding storage temperature, the decay rate and weight loss rate of ‘Jong-Shan Yueh Bar,’ that was packaged with polystyrene net sleeve (PNS) and stored at 5, 10, 15 and 20℃ respectively, has significantly risen as temperature went up and time went on. The best storage temperature was 5℃ because its storage life was the longest 8 days. The decay rate was 8% and weight loss rate was 4%. The result of ‘Jong-Shan Yueh Bar’, that was stored at 5℃ in four different packaging ways: PE bag and polystyrene net sleeve (PNS), PE bag only, PNS only, and unpackage, showed that PE bag and PNS was the best packaging materials, because its storage life was about 12 days. The decay rate was 8 % and weight loss rate was 0.7%. Postharvest the guava fruit, it was stored at 20°C and treatment with the 1-MCP at the concentration of 0 and 600 nl/l for 12 hours. The preliminary results show that the decay rate and weight loss rate increased with the storage duration, thus the upward trend; the flesh firmness decreased with the storage duration. The fruit was treatment with 1-MCP at the concentration of 600nl/l, increases in weight loss and decreases in flesh firmness were significantly delayed. The respiration rate of ‘Yilan Red’ rapidly increased after significantly rose 4 day storage. Ethylene production of ‘Yilan Red’rapidly increased after 3.5 day storage. Climacteric rise of respiration rate was about 81.8 ml CO2/kg/hr. It was 2.7 times as much as that of pre-climacteric minimum. Their respiration rate and ethylene production almost rose simultaneously. After the peak value rose, the fruit started ripening: color of the peel changed, it became soft and even began to rot, etc. For ‘Yilan Red’, when it was packaged with polystyrene net sleeve (PNS) and stored at 0, 5, 10 and 20℃ respectively, the best storage temperature was also 5℃ because its storage life was the longest 12 days. The decay rate was 33 % and weight loss rate was 5 %. The ‘Yilan Red’, that was stored at 5℃ and packaged with PE bag and PNS had the longest storage life: about 12 days. The decay rate was 17% and weight loss rate was 0.4%. After picking the guava fruit, it was stored at 20 ℃ and treated with 1-MCP at concentrations of 0, 300, and 600 nl/l for 12 hours. The decay rate and weight loss rate gradually increased with storage period; the flesh firmness decreased with the storage time; the peel color significantly turned from green to yellow with storage time, and the a* value gradually increased. The fruit treated with 1-MCP at concentrations of 300 and 600 nl/l, increases in weight loss and decreases in flesh firmness were significantly delayed.

English translations of Chinese state media allow those with a professional or casual interest in Chinese policy and politics to gain direct insight into Chinese political narratives. For the translator, however, there is a great temptation to alter the language of the text so as to better suit the conventions of English. This thesis employs a “semantic” translation strategy which emphasizes close adherence to the source text in order to reflect the distinctive features of Chinese state media, exploring the benefits and conflicts of such a strategy. It includes original English translations of 15 Chinese language editorials sourced from the People’s Daily, the official newspaper of the Chinese Communist Party. These editorials authoritatively articulate the Party’s stance regarding the Belt and Road Initiative, a major Chinese economic strategy. It is hoped this thesis demonstrates the value of a semantic translation strategy in providing direct access to primary source material on Chinese political narratives, and in particular on a central subject of Chinese foreign policy in the first half of the 21st Century.

方秀瑩.
"2008年1月"
論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2008.
參考文獻(p. 128-135).
"2008 nian 1 yue"
Abstract also in English.
Fang Xiuying.
Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2008.
Can kao wen xian (p. 128-135).
Chapter 第一章 --- 緒論 --- p.1
Chapter 第一節 --- 沈德潛的生平及學詩歷程 --- p.1
Chapter 第二節 --- 沈德潛詩論硏究槪況 --- p.3
Chapter 第三節 --- 硏究目的及方法 --- p.7
Chapter 第二章 --- 沈德潛對李杜詩的品評 --- p.8
Chapter 第一節 --- 沈德潛論李白詩 --- p.8
Chapter 1. --- 李白詩的宗旨 --- p.9
Chapter 2. --- 李白詩的體裁 --- p.16
Chapter 3. --- 李白詩的風格 --- p.22
Chapter 4. --- 李白詩的詩法 --- p.26
Chapter 5. --- 小結 --- p.29
Chapter 第二節 --- 沈德潛論杜甫詩 --- p.30
Chapter 1. --- 杜甫詩的淵源 --- p.32
Chapter 2. --- 杜甫詩的宗旨 --- p.43
Chapter 3. --- 杜甫詩的體裁 --- p.52
Chapter 4. --- 杜甫詩的風格 --- p.56
Chapter 5. --- 杜甫詩的題材 --- p.67
Chapter 6. --- 杜甫詩的詩法 --- p.78
Chapter 7. --- 小結 --- p.85
Chapter 第三章 --- 沈德潛兼宗李杜詩的意義 --- p.87
Chapter 第一節 --- 移易詩壇風氣 --- p.87
Chapter 第二節 --- 提升人格素質 --- p.90
Chapter 第三節 --- 全面的詩體觀 --- p.94
Chapter 第四節 --- 兼重詩才與學力 --- p.98
Chapter 第五節 --- 格調中包容神韻 --- p.100
Chapter 第四章 --- 沈德潛李杜詩論的影響 --- p.107
Chapter 第一節 --- 沈德潛的弟子及同里的詩論 --- p.107
Chapter 第二節 --- 《唐宋詩醇》與沈德潛詩說之關係 --- p.115
Chapter 第三節 --- 桐城派繼承沈德潛詩說考 --- p.118
Chapter 第四節 --- 蘇文擢《說詩晬語詮評》及其詩學觀述評 --- p.121
Chapter 第五章 --- 結語 --- p.126
參考書目 --- p.128
附錄：沈德潛選李杜詩詩目 --- p.136
《唐宋詩醇》引沈德潛李杜詩論輯錄 --- p.154
高步瀛引沈德潛李杜詩論輯錄 --- p.159

陳澤蕾.
呈交日期: 2005年9月.
論文(哲學博士)--香港中文大學, 2005.
參考文獻(p. 156-174).
Cheng jiao ri qi: 2005 nian 9 yue.
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstracts in Chinese and English.
Lun wen (zhe xue bo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2005.
Can kao wen xian (p. 156-174).
Chen Zelei.