Tesi sul tema "Signature ARN"
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Dufraigne, Christine. "Evolution des génomes : étude des transferts horizontaux et des duplications à l'aide de la signature génomique". Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066102.
Testo completoYepmo, Mélissa. "Signature unique de l’ARN circulaire dans les muscles squelettiques humains de différentes sensibilités à l’insuline". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023STRAJ109.
Testo completoCircular RNAs are a class of non-coding RNAs characterized by a covalently closed loop structure. Functionally, they can act on cell physiology by inhibiting microRNAs and regulating gene and protein expression. The emerging function of circRNAs is not fully understood, but initial studies have recently shown that they are involved in the regulation of insulin secretion. In this work we tried to identify circRNAs in skeletal muscle at the level of glycolytic and oxidative fibers in healthy and type 2 diabetic patients. Our results showed a unique circular RNA signature not only as a function of status (healthy or T2DM) but also as a function of muscle fibre type (triceps or soleus). For the first time, our study has been able to identify a new way of regulating gene and protein expression independently of what is already known in skeletal muscle. These results allowed us to identify new key molecules involved in the development of type 2 diabetes, with the potential to identify new therapeutic targets
Gendron, Judith. "Les longs ARN non codants, une nouvelle classe de régulateurs génomique tissu-spécifique : signature moléculaire spécifique des neurones dopaminergiques et sérotoninergiques". Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066518.
Testo completoOnly 1.2% of the genome codes for proteins; 98.8% is thus non-coding, despite 93% of the human genome being actively transcribed, mostly in long non-coding RNA (lncRNA).These lncRNA constitute a new class of genomic regulator capable of acting at all levels of gene expression and their expression is highly tissue-specific,modulated during the time and under normal/pathological conditions.Thus, we propose that each specified cell expresses a specific repertoire of lncRNA correlated to open/active chromatin regions specifying its cellular identity.In this context, we isolated by FACS 2neural types involved in many pathologies: i) human dopaminergic neurons (nDA) differentiated from hiPS and ii) DA and serotoninergic (n5-HT) neurons. From these 2neural types, we identified 1,363 lncRNA in nDA (among which 989 new, whether 73%) constituting the repertoire of nDA, and 1,257 lncRNA (among which 719 new) constituting the repertoire of n5-HT. Moreover,their comparison has shown that only 194 lncRNA are common to both neural types:thus the majority of lncRNA is expressed either in nDA or in n5-HT, indicating a high degree of cell-specificity.In addition, 39% of open chromatin regions, potentially regulatory, were also not detected in the n5-HT.Thus, we have generated DA and 5-HT specific catalogues of non-coding elements of the genome, which constitute DA and 5-HT specific molecular signatures, that could participate in deepening our knowledge regarding nDA or n5-HT development and dysfunctions. With this in mind,these DA specific elements have been compared with the SNP described as Parkinson Disease risk variants and candidate lncRNA were selected to perform studies of function
Mullani, Nowsheen. "An RNA Signature Links Oxidative Stress To Cellular Senescence". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS560.pdf.
Testo completoOxidative Stress is one of the routes leading to cellular senescence. While the damages that reactive oxygen species inflict on proteins and DNA are well described, our insight on how transcription may participate in the onset of senescence is still limited. At a transcriptional level, oxidative stress results in accumulation of promoter RNAs (uaRNAs) and enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) as a consequence of defective release of the RNAPII from the chromatin a phenomenon known as RNAPII crawling. We observed that RNAPII crawling was also detected downstream of a small series of genes known to be regulated by HP1Υ at the level of their termination. Exploring this phenomenon yielded an unexpected result in the sense that it revealed an inhibiting effect of hydrogen peroxide on the RNA exosome complex involved in degradation of polyadenylated RNAs. The crawling RNAPII results in the transcription of ALU sequences located in the neighborhood of promoters and enhancers and downstream of intron-less genes and of small series of intron-containing genes. As ALU sequences contain genome encoded A tracts, they should normally be degraded by the RNA exosome. Yet, as oxidative stress also inhibits this RNAse activity, mRNAs containing serendipitously transcribed ALU sequences get stabilized and are detected in the cytoplasm and even polysome fractions. This phenomenon may participate in the onset of the interferon response associated with oxidative stress
Jebbawi, Fadi. "Etude des lymphocytes T régulateurs naturels CD8+CD25+: signature micro-ARN et effets des micro-ARNs sur l'expression de FOXP3, CTLA-4 et GARP". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209338.
Testo completoNous avons purifié les CD8+CD25+ nTregs et vérifié par cytométrie de flux leur expression en FOXP3 et CTLA-4. Puis nous avons pu montrer que ces cellules possèdent des propriétés suppressives dans un test d’inhibition de la prolifération de lymphocytes T activés allogéniquement. Les lymphocytes CD8+CD25+ nTregs expriment les gènes FOXP3, CTLA-4, GARP et CCL-4 et les cytokines IL-10 et TGF-β. Par contre, les gènes CD28, ICOS, FOXO1 et Helios sont sous-exprimés dans les nTregs CD8+CD25+ par rapport aux lymphocytes T CD8+CD25-.
Nous avons établi une signature micro-ARN qui comprend 10 micro-ARNs différentiellement exprimés :7 micro-ARNs sous-exprimés "miR-9, -24, -31, -155, -210, -335 et -449 " et 3 micro-ARNs surexprimés " miR-214, -205 et -509". De plus, nous avons pu explorer la relevance biologique de cette signature micro-ARN en montrant dans un premier temps que les miRs "-31, -24, -210, -335" ciblent spécifiquement la région 3'UTR de FOXP3, de même les miR-9 et miR-155 ciblent la région 3'UTR de CTLA-4, et les miR-24, et -335 ciblent la région 3'UTR de GARP. Ceci a été fait par des expériences de co-transfections suivies d'une mesure de l'activité rapportrice luciférase. De plus, nous avons pu démontrer par des expériences de transduction lentivirale ex vivo, de cellules T primaires, que des micro-ARNs de la signature régulent l’expression de FOXP3, CTLA-4 et GARP dans les Tregs naturels CD8+CD25+ humains.
Cette étude montre l'importance des micro-ARNs dans la régulation post-transcriptionnelle des gènes impliqués dans la fonction régulatrice des lymphocytes T régulateurs.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Panasenkava, Veranika. "Utilisation de cellules souches pluripotentes induites combinée à une approche transcriptomique pour améliorer le diagnostic moléculaire des troubles du neurodéveloppement chez l’homme". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Rennes (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024URENB060.
Testo completoAbstract : Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is a rare disorder that affects the development of the midline of the forebrain during the earliest stages of embryogenesis, making molecular diagnosis challenging. It primarily results from genetic alterations that lead to a reduction in the activity of the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway. However, a precise molecular diagnosis is only possible for 30% of patients, highlighting the importance of developing new diagnostic approaches. The main challenge is the inaccessibility of the primary tissue, specifically the anterior affected by HPE, namely the anterior neuroectoderm. To overcome this challenge, I established an in vitro model of anterior neuroectoderm using induced pluripotent stem cells. This model allowed me to generate transcriptomic data to assess the molecular impacts of SHH deficiency and define transcriptomic signatures that describe variations in SHH pathway activity, which may correlate with the severity of HPE phenotypes. This work also revealed new co-expressed and SHH-regulated genes, which could serve as new genetic markers for HPE. These advances pave the way for innovative diagnostic tools aimed at improving diagnostic accuracy for patients with HPE
Torossian, Nouritza. "Study of long non-coding RNAs and reference-free detected RNAs as potential biomarkers and actors of Triple Negative Breast Cancers' chemoresistance". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPSLS057.
Testo completoTriple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) represent a heterogeneous subtype of breast cancers including 12% to 24% of all cases, having the poorest prognoses and often affecting young women. Treatment at localized stage is mainly based on chemotherapy, with no targeted therapy (except germline BRCA mutated patients). Nearly all patients receive the same Neo-Adjuvant Chemotherapy (NAC) with anthracyclines and taxanes, that badly impacts survival in the absence of pathological complete response (pCR). Therapeutic intensification, notably with addition of immunotherapy, is the current trend to increase pCR rate and improve survival. Standard gene expression signatures have failed to provide effective tools to predict TNBC chemoresistance, probably due to their incomplete nature, as they are mostly based on expression of protein coding genes and/or referenced transcripts and up to date there is no clinically useful transcriptomic signature predicting TNBC chemoresistance to NAC. Such a predictive signature would allow patient selection for therapeutic intensification. Therefore, it is important to explore the remaining 90% of the genome consisting of non-coding and non-referenced regions. One class of non-coding RNAs that is of great interest are long non-coding (lnc) RNAs, that are at least 200 nucleotides long, some of them being specifically expressed in cancer. Moreover, some lncRNAs have been shown to be implicated in different mechanisms of chemoresistance. LncRNAs are not fully well annotated in the human genome and new unreferenced transcripts, coding or not, and new isoforms of known genes are discovered daily.Therefore, the first goal of my PhD was to assess reference-free transcriptome as a potential reservoir of predictive biomarkers of TNBC chemoresistance. A cohort of 78 TNBCs before NAC was analyzed, comparing chemosensitive (chS) and chemoresistant (chR) cases based on international Residual Cancer Burden (RCB) score. A standard differential gene expression analysis (DE-seq) on annotated genes, and on new lncRNAs detected with a de novo RNA-profiler, and a reference-free analysis of differential fragments of transcripts without annotation bias were compared. Reference-free approach showed best separation of chS and chR patients in the training cohort. Further, based on comparison with an independent validation cohort, an optimized approach was proposed, where specific genomic regions with differential expression were selected. This technique gave a reproducible signature of chemoresistance between the two cohorts. In all, these results show the potential of a reference-free approach to generate a transcriptomic signature as predictive biomarker of early TNBC chemoresistance. Further investigation is needed to validate the signature using larger validation cohorts.The second objective of my PhD was to assess lncRNAs as potential actors/therapeutic targets in chR TNBCs. For that we selected lncRNAs upregulated in chR pre-NAC TNBCs (compared with chS pre-NAC TNBCs) and in chR post-NAC TNBCs (compared with chR pre-NAC TNBCs). Considering lncRNAs level and specificity of expression, genomic position, and pre-existing data of their potential function, three lncRNAs (AL450326.1, LINC02609 and MIR503HG) were retained for functional analysis. By knocking down levels of these lncRNAs in TNBC cell line model, an impact on Docetaxel cytotoxicity was assessed. All three lncRNAs knock downs showed an improved Docetaxel induced cytotoxicity. Knock down of AL450326.1 and LINC02609 resulted in a decreased spontaneous clonogenicity and increased Docetaxel induced cell death, giving a first indication of their mode of action. In all, we identified three lncRNAs playing a role in NAC chemoresistance. Further functional studies will allow to decipher the mechanisms by which the identified lncRNAs affect chemoresistance with the ultimate goal to identify new therapeutic approaches to circumvent NAC chemoresistance of TNBCs
Outlioua, Ahmed. "Exploration des cytokines pro-inflammatoires et de l’inflammasome NLRP3 dans les infections intracellulaires : cas de H. pylori et des virus à ARN Gastric IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-17A expression in Moroccan patients infected with Helicobacter pylori may be a predictive signature of severe pathological stages RNA viruses promote activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome through cytopathogenic effect-induced potassium efflux The heme-regulated inhibitor is a cytosolic sensor of protein misfolding that controls innate immune signaling The Role of Optineurin in Antiviral Type I Interferon Production Possible introduction of Leishmania tropica to urban areas determined by epidemiological and clinical profiles of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis in Casablanca (Morocco)". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASL029.
Testo completoHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a bacteria that infects the stomach and induces inflammatory gastritis, which can be chronic and progress to gastric cancer. The severity of the infection and its clinical course are associated with various factors including the immune status of the host. The initial inflammatory response to H. pylori infection results in the secretion of a wide range of cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-8 and IL-17A. which appear to play a key role in the initiation and progression of gastric cancer. Among these cytokines, IL-1β is a key cytokine during H. pylori infection whose expression is associated with gastric inflammation and carcinogenesis. The production of this cytokine depends on the activation of the inflammasome, in particular the NLRP3 inflammasome. The latter, responsible of the activation of inflammatory processes, is essential for the maintenance of homeostasis against various pathogenic infections such as bacterial and viral infections.The general objective of this work is i) to study the expression and polymorphism of genes for cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-17 and IL-8 in Moroccan patients infected with H. pylori. ii) explore the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by H. pylori and determine the mechanisms involved in the activation of this complex by RNA viruses; known as defined activators of NLRP3.Our results underlined a high prevalence of H. pylori and demonstrated a cytokine signature: it can predict metaplasia during the progression of H. pylori infection involving a decrease in IL17A expression in the antrum and increased expression of IL-1β in the fundus. In particular, the genetic polymorphisms of IL-1β (IL-1β -31 and -511) do not appear to influence IL-1β expression significantly.In view of the difficulties encountered in isolating and culturing H. pylori, we used LPS from H. pylori to stimulate the inflammasome. Our results show that the transfection of cells in vitro with bacterial LPS induces the production of IL-1β which appears to be modulated by caspase 4, NOD1 and NOD2. Furthermore, while it is clearly established that RNA viruses induce activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, the mechanisms by which these viruses induce IL-1β production are not well understood and remain to be confirmed. The results of this part of the work showed that the replication of cytopathogenic RNA viruses such as vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) or encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) induces lytic cell death leading to an efflux of potassium which triggers activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Thus, viruses with a high replication capacity and which have a cytopathic effect are capable of inducing the activation of caspase-1 leading to the production of IL-1β. Conversely, viruses which induce type I IFN response are very poor inducers of the NLRP3 inflammasome.A better understanding of the activation of the inflammasome could help in the development of targeted therapeutic strategies for use in the fight against bacterial and viral infections.Key words: Helicobacter pylori, inflammation, NLRP3 inflammasome, IL-1β, RNA virus
Zhang, Haocheng. "Polarization Signatures in Blazar Emission". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1444237508.
Testo completoDay, Francesca. "Astrophysical signatures of axion-like particles". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:215f6432-6dbb-4a16-80d8-3ad0bc76ec2d.
Testo completoYu, Ping. "Direct Online/Offline Digital Signature Schemes". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9717/.
Testo completoMeunier, Léa. "Analyse de signatures transcriptomiques et épigénétiques des carcinomes hépatocellulaires". Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UNIP7082.
Testo completoElucidating deregulated transcriptional and epigenetic processes in cancers is fundamental to better understand the biological pathways involved and to propose a therapy adapted to the molecular phenotype of each tumor. Classical unsupervised classification approaches define, for each tumor type, the main molecular groups. However, these methods, applied to complex tumors such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the 3rd cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide, define groups that remain relatively heterogeneous and only imperfectly reflect the diversity of biological mechanisms at work in these tumors. During my PhD, I developed a, innovative strategy involving independent component analysis (ICA) to extract signatures of precise biological processes in large transcriptomic and epigenetic tumor data sets. This new approach allowed me to identify groups of co-regulated genes associated with specific phenotypes or molecular alterations. Similarly, independent component analysis of the methylomes of 738 HCC revealed 13 stable epigenetic signatures preferentially active in specific tumors and CpG sites. These signatures include signatures previously associated with ageing and cancer, but also new hyper- and hypomethylation signatures related to specific driver events and molecular subgroups. The work presented in this thesis sheds light on the diversity of molecular processes remodeling liver cancer transcriptomes and methylomes, improve the understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in hepatic carcinogenesis and provides a statistical framework to unravel the signatures of these processes
Auffret, Benoît. "La signature d'une herbe : Hélène Cadou poète /". Paris ; Budapest ; Torino : l'Harmattan, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38805509j.
Testo completoNasseroleslami, Bahman. "EEG signatures and directional information in planning and execution of arm isometric exertions". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2013. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18973.
Testo completoBraud, Christophe Brouard Sophie. "Détermination d'une signature transcriptionnelle sanguine du devenir à long terme du greffon de patients recevant une allogreffe rénale". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=28056.
Testo completoFraenkel, Béatrice. "La Signature, signe écrit, signe de validation et d'identité". Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37605132g.
Testo completoHerlin, Isabelle. "Opérateurs d'analyse de texture conduisant à une signature invariante". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37605898b.
Testo completoBraud, Christophe. "Détermination d'une signature transcriptionnelle sanguine du devenir à long terme du greffon de patients recevant une allogreffe rénale". Nantes, 2007. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=9888d91f-f4b1-407a-82ae-0a0e30e146fb.
Testo completoA major goal in transplantation is to induce a state of operational tolerance. This state, which is rare in kidney transplant recipients, is defined as long-term graft acceptance with a stable function without immunosuppressive treatment and without acute and/or chronic rejection in an immunocompetent recipient. At present, there are no good predictive factors of this state. This work consists of identifying a peripheral blood transcriptional signature associated with operational tolerance using microarray technology. We have identified a panel of forty-nine genes that discriminate operationally tolerant patients from patients with chronic rejection and from healthy volunteers. Furthermore, we have combined statistical and non-statistical analyses in order to better characterize the molecular mechanisms involved in this operational tolerance phenomenon
Fricaudet, Xavier. "Blanc et Demilly : une unique signature (1891-1985), (1892-1964) /". Lyon : X. Fricaudet, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39289168p.
Testo completoSaint-Auret, Gaëlle. "Identification de la signature moléculaire de C/EBPβ dans la cellule d'hépatome humain Hep3B". Rouen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ROUES057.
Testo completoThe liver plays an essential part in complex metabolic regulations which widely contribute to the body homeostasis. Moreover, this organ conducts the qualitative and quantitative changes in the production of specific proteins immediately induced during the acute phase response and allowing a progressive come back to homeostasis. The liver-enriched transcription factor CCAAT enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPβ) is widely involved in these processes, but its precise the role isnot still defined. Conflicting studies have described contradictory functions for this transcription factor which could be explained by the complex mechanisms regulating the C/EBPβ activity. Indeed, C/EBPβ encodes an intronless gene that generates a single mRNA that is alternatively translated into two major isoforms : an active LAP (liver-enriched activator protein) and a dominant negative LIP (liver-enriched inhibitory protein). Today, few studies have really taken into account the present isoform. In order to better understand the precise role of each isoform, we first engineered the Hep3B human hepatoma cell line with a Tet-off inducible LAP or LIP isoform. The antagonistic role of the both isoforms in C/EBPβ target-genes transcription has been used as a strategy to better define the C/EBPβ-regulated genes. Then, the identity and the transcription (direct or indirect) of all these target-genes were determined by two functional genomic approaches : the transcriptome analysis by cDNA arrays and the chromatine immunoprecipitation on chip (ChIP on chip). Using a cDNA microarray which provides a complete coverage of the liver transcriptome, we identified 676 genes inversely regulated by LAP and LIP in the Hep3B hepatoma line. The analysis of the biological functions regulated by these genes brought into the flore an induction by LAP and a repression by LIP of several pathways including hepatic metabolism (fat, detoxification), transcription, translation, apoptosis and regulation of the cell proliferation. Moreover, the ChIP on chip study allowed the identification of 38 C/EBPβ new direct targets. According to the data resulting from the transcriptome analysis, several functional studies have been carried out. They allowed us to prove, for the first time, that LAP was, not only able to suppress the cell proliferation in the absence of RB and P53, but that this isoform also increased the staurosporine-induced apoptosis in Hep3B cells while LIP had a protector effect. Furthermore, the Hep3B cells expressing LAP or LIP have been stimulated by a conditioned medium rich in proinflammatory cytokines in order to mimic the hepatic response to the acute phrase of inflammation. In this experimental context, and still by transcriptome analysis, we brought into the fore a group of 77 genes regulated by LAP and LIP which interestingly seem to be involved during the acute phrase response. To conclude, our original approach characterized by the identification of genes inversely regulated by LAP and LIP allowed us to better understand how these two isoforms of C/EBPβ manage several physiological and pathological liver processes
Servello, John A. "Thermal Identification of Clandestine Burials: A Signature Analysis and Image Classification Approach". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc33201/.
Testo completoVietri, Giustina. "Searching for outflows signatures in sdss spectra of x-ray selected, obscured agn in the cosmos field". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/7413/.
Testo completoBender-Osmani, Ambre. "Méthylation de l'ADN et identité cellulaire : fonctions de la méthylation de l'ADN dans les lignages gamétiques et hématopoïétiques chez la souris". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ102.
Testo completoThe methylation of DNA is a well-known epigenetic mark. It consists in adding a methyl group to a cytosine producing the 5-methylcytosine (5mC). This is catalysed by the DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) family: DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B. Little is known about the changes in DNA methylation that follow lineage decisions in the embryo and how these contribute, establish or maintain cellular identities. We are addressing these questions using as a model the specification of mouse primordial germ cells (PGCs) and mouse hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the mouse embryo. We generate the first genome-wide maps of 5mC during their development. These maps highlight two waves of DNA methylation in PGCs. The first one takes place between E9,5 and E13,5, where the genome demethylates while the second one corresponds to a remethylation phase only in male PGCs between E14,5 and E17,5. Nevertheless, some regions, notably the transposable elements, are resistant to this demethylation wave. We demonstrate the implication of DNMT1 and UHRF2 in maintaining the 5mC on these regions using transgenic mice presenting specific deletion in PGCs. In HSCs, the 5mC maps highlight two wave of DNA methylation. The first one correlates with the first appearance of the HSCs in early embryos while the second one corresponds to their migration to the bone marrow and seems to act as a definitive lock for their hematopoietic identity. Using transgenic mice presenting specific deletions in HSCs, we prove the implication of DNMT3A and DNMT3B in hematopoietic stem cells, with a major role in locking HSC identity of DNMT3B during the first wave and a DNMT3A during the second one respectively
Höfert, Thomas. "Signaturen kritischer Intellektualität : Else Lasker-Schülers Schauspiel "Arthur Aronymus /". St. Ingbert : Röhrig Universitätsverl, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38876544r.
Testo completoQiu, Shulin. "Réseaux d'interconnexion tolérant les pannes et analyse de signature en compression de données /". Paris : École nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35810126m.
Testo completoDoan, Donald Scott. "Using Motor Electrical Signature Analysis to Determine the Mechanical Condition of Vane-Axial Fans". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3256/.
Testo completoHaibe-Kains, Benjamin. "Identification and assessment of gene signatures in human breast cancer". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210348.
Testo completoThe traditional approach to evaluating breast cancer prognosis is based on the assessment of clinico-pathologic factors known to be associated with breast cancer survival. These factors are used to make recommendations about whether further treatment is required after the removal of a tumor by surgery. Treatment such as chemotherapy depends on the estimation of patients' risk of relapse. Although current approaches do provide good prognostic assessment of breast cancer survival, clinicians are aware that there is still room for improvement in the accuracy of their prognostic estimations.
In the late nineties, new high throughput technologies such as the gene expression profiling through microarray technology emerged. Microarrays allowed scientists to analyze for the first time the expression of the whole human genome ("transcriptome"). It was hoped that the analysis of genome-wide molecular data would bring new insights into the critical, underlying biological mechanisms involved in breast cancer progression, as well as significantly improve prognostic prediction. However, the analysis of microarray data is a difficult task due to their intrinsic characteristics: (i) thousands of gene expressions are measured for only few samples; (ii) the measurements are usually "noisy"; and (iii) they are highly correlated due to gene co-expressions. Since traditional statistical methods were not adapted to these settings, machine learning methods were picked up as good candidates to overcome these difficulties. However, applying machine learning methods for microarray analysis involves numerous steps, and the results are prone to overfitting. Several authors have highlighted the major pitfalls of this process in the early publications, shedding new light on the promising but overoptimistic results.
Since 2002, large comparative studies have been conducted in order to identify the key characteristics of successful methods for class discovery and classification. Yet methods able to identify robust molecular signatures that can predict breast cancer prognosis have been lacking. To fill this important gap, this thesis presents an original methodology dealing specifically with the analysis of microarray and survival data in order to build prognostic models and provide an honest estimation of their performance. The approach used for signature extraction consists of a set of original methods for feature transformation, feature selection and prediction model building. A novel statistical framework is presented for performance assessment and comparison of risk prediction models.
In terms of applications, we show that these methods, used in combination with a priori biological knowledge of breast cancer and numerous public microarray datasets, have resulted in some important discoveries. In particular, the research presented here develops (i) a robust model for the identification of breast molecular subtypes and (ii) a new prognostic model that takes into account the molecular heterogeneity of breast cancers observed previously, in order to improve traditional clinical guidelines and state-of-the-art gene signatures./Cette thèse concerne le développement de techniques d'apprentissage (machine learning) afin de mettre au point de nouveaux outils cliniques basés sur des données moleculaires. Nous avons focalisé notre recherche sur le cancer du sein, un des cancers les plus fréquemment diagnostiqués. Ces outils sont développés dans le but d'aider les médecins dans leur évaluation du devenir clinique des patients cancéreux (cf. le pronostique).
Les approches traditionnelles d'évaluation du pronostique d'un patient cancéreux se base sur des critères clinico-pathologiques connus pour être prédictifs de la survie. Cette évaluation permet aux médecins de décider si un traitement est nécessaire après l'extraction de la tumeur. Bien que les outils d'évaluation traditionnels sont d'une aide importante, les cliniciens sont conscients de la nécessité d'améliorer de tels outils.
Dans les années 90, de nouvelles technologies à haut-débit, telles que le profilage de l'expression génique par biopuces à ADN (microarrays), ont été mises au point afin de permettre aux scientifiques d'analyser l'expression de l'entièreté du génôme de cellules cancéreuses. Ce nouveau type de données moléculaires porte l'espoir d'améliorer les outils pronostiques traditionnels et d'approfondir nos connaissances concernant la génèse du cancer du sein. Cependant ces données sont extrêmement difficiles à analyser à cause (i) de leur haute dimensionalité (plusieurs dizaines de milliers de gènes pour seulement quelques centaines d'expériences); (ii) du bruit important dans les mesures; (iii) de la collinéarité entre les mesures dûe à la co-expression des gènes.
Depuis 2002, des études comparatives à grande échelle ont permis d'identifier les méthodes performantes pour l'analyse de groupements et la classification de données microarray, négligeant l'analyse de survie pertinente pour le pronostique dans le cancer du sein. Pour pallier ce manque, cette thèse présente une méthodologie originale adaptée à l'analyse de données microarray et de survie afin de construire des modèles pronostiques performants et robustes.
En termes d'applications, nous montrons que cette méthodologie, utilisée en combinaison avec des connaissances biologiques a priori et de nombreux ensembles de données publiques, a permis d'importantes découvertes. En particulier, il résulte de la recherche presentée dans cette thèse, le développement d'un modèle robuste d'identification des sous-types moléculaires du cancer du sein et de plusieurs signatures géniques améliorant significativement l'état de l'art au niveau pronostique.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Lyonnet, Culinas du Moutier François-Xavier. "Cartographie génomique par analyse de signature ADN sur molécule unique issue de molécules en épingle à cheveux micro-manipulées par pinces magnétiques". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEE036.
Testo completoSingle molecule micromanipulations technic offer new perspectives to read and unravel genome information. This includes sequencing, mapping, molecule counting and identification of DNA modifications. In this respect, ABCDLab team has developed a cutting edge method using repeated mechanical opening and closing of a DNA molecule with a hairpin shape using magnetic tweezers. This tool allows measuring along the DNA molecule the hybridization positions of oligonucleotides a few bases long and also to locate specific antibodies transiently bound to epigenetic markers. With this approach we can identify with the single molecule level epigenetics markers and localized them on the genome. My PhD work consisted of developing a set of bioinformatics methods to perform DNA mapping using magnetics tweezer signal consisting of hybridization positions along the studied molecule. This measurement may be viewed as a fingerprint of the molecule which can be searched on the reference genome. During my thesis, I have realized an experimental test using magnetic tweezers to acquire a set fingerprint data on a set of blinded selected molecules in the E. coli genome. I have developed a software performing a rapid search of these fingerprints inside the genome. Then I have performed the whole data treatment to check the software on the selected molecules. After several rounds of optimization, I have recovered the genetic position of the studied molecules, establishing a proof of concept of this cartography strategy. The work has addressed the whole measuring chain; (1) by choosing the oligonucleotides best adapted to obtain the molecular signature by optimizing the set of experimental constrains and combinatorial motifs of the sequence. (2) by tuning the cartography algorithm to adapt to the experimental measurement constrains. Finally, I have tested these algorithms, both on simulated data in silico and on experimental fingerprint in vitro. I shall discuss how the performances of these cartography solutions that have been developed here are impacted by the experimental limitations of the present technique, and by the bioinformatics limits. I shall present possible improvements to these methods. My studies constitute a proof of concept for genomic and epigenetic applications
Maudoux, Christophe. "Vers l’automatisation de la détection d’anomalies réseaux". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, HESAM, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024HESAC009.
Testo completoWe live in a hyperconnected world. Currently, the majority of the objects surrounding us exchangedata either among themselves or with a server. These exchanges consequently generate networkactivity. It is the study of this network activity that interests us here and forms the focus of thisthesis. Indeed, all messages and thus the network traffic generated by these devices are intentionaland therefore legitimate. Consequently, it is perfectly formatted and known. Alongside this traffic,which can be termed ”normal,” there may exist traffic that does not adhere to expected criteria. Thesenon-conforming exchanges can be categorized as ”abnormal” traffic. This illegitimate traffic can bedue to several internal and external causes. Firstly, for purely commercial reasons, most of theseconnected devices (phones, watches, locks, cameras, etc.) are poorly, inadequately, or not protectedat all. Consequently, they have become prime targets for cybercriminals. Once compromised, thesecommunicating devices form networks capable of launching coordinated attacks : botnets. The trafficinduced by these attacks or the internal synchronization communications within these botnets thengenerates illegitimate traffic that needs to be detected. Our first contribution aims to highlight theseinternal exchanges, specific to botnets. Abnormal traffic can also be generated when unforeseen orextraordinary external events occur, such as incidents or changes in user behavior. These events canimpact the characteristics of the exchanged traffic flows, such as their volume, sources, destinations,or the network parameters that characterize them. Detecting these variations in network activity orthe fluctuation of these characteristics is the focus of our subsequent contributions. This involves aframework and resulting methodology that automates the detection of these network anomalies andpotentially raises real-time alerts
Urs, Chaitra Vijaygopalraj. "A Vehicle-collision Learning System Using Driving Patterns on the Road". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc283807/.
Testo completoBaras, Cléo. "Tatouage informé de signaux audio numériques /". Paris : École nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40922772q.
Testo completoArdin, Maude. "Investigating cancer aetiology through the analysis of somatic mutation signatures". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1236/document.
Testo completoCellular genomes accumulate alterations following exposures to exogenous factors, like environmental agents such as tobacco smoking or UV, or to endogenous mechanisms such as DNA replication errors. Analysing the causes and consequences of these changes allows a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying cancer development and progression. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies provide the opportunity tostudy the nature of the resulting alterations on a genome-wide scale and started to reveal distinct mutational signatures specific to past carcinogenic exposures providing clues on cancer aetiology.The aim of my thesis was to develop user-friendly bioinformatic tools and methods for facilitating the analysis and interpretation of carcinogen-specific mutational signatures from NGS data. Applying these tools and methods to human tumours and experimental models of mutagenesis led to a better characterisation the mutational signature of aristolochic acid (AA), as well as other carcinogens of interest
Naccache, David. "Signatures numériques et preuves à divulgation nulle, cryptanalyse, défense et outils algorithmiques /". Paris : École nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35821591m.
Testo completoPrat-Martinez, Jaime. "Étude des performances d'un prototype du calorimètre électromagnétique d'ALEPH : signature des électrons et réjection des pions". 63-Aubière : Impr. U.E.R. Sci, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36110268r.
Testo completoPrat-Martinez, Jaime. "Etude des performances d'un prototype du calorimètre électromagnétique d'Aleph signature des électrons et réjection des pions". Grenoble : ANRT, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37595085g.
Testo completoSchweitzer, Alexis. "Amélioration du niveau de sécurité des systèmes électroniques programmables par application du concept d'analyse de signature". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37609782n.
Testo completoFrausto, Bernal Paul Axayacatl. "ICARE-S2 : infrastructure de confiance sur des architectures de réseaux pour les services de signature évoluée /". Paris : École nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb399352534.
Testo completoSchönwald, Arne [Verfasser], Hermann [Gutachter] Kolanoski, Marek [Gutachter] Kowalski e Sebastian [Gutachter] Böser. "Investigation of all-flavour neutrino fluxes with the IceCube detector using the cascade signature / Arne Schönwald. Gutachter: Hermann Kolanoski ; Marek Kowalski ; Sebastian Böser". Berlin : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1102992852/34.
Testo completoHubert, Jean-Noël. "Génomique des populations appliquée : détection de signatures de sélection au sein de populations expérimentales". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS141/document.
Testo completoPopulation genomics makes it possible to detect traces of selection in the genome. Studies in this field have mainly focused on long time scale (~ 10³ generations). In comparison, short-term experimental studies (~ 10 generations) have attracted much less interest. Such experiments are, however, likely to inform us about the genetic basis of complex characters. We propose a likelihood method based on a Wright-Fisher model to detect selection from genetic temporal samples collected over ten generations. We show through simulation that our method can disentangle signals due to the combination of genetic drift and selection to those due to drift alone. We also show through simulation that it is possible to estimate the selection coefficient applied to a tested locus. In addition, we illustrate the interest of our method for the detection of candidate markers for selection through two genome scans performed on real data, in the Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) and in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). These practical applications highlight candidate genomic regions for complex phenotypes in different contexts. Collectively, our results show the possibility of detecting genes submitted to strong directional selection from genetic time-series, even if selection is applied on a short time period and if the examined populations are small
Brocard, Gilles. "Origine, variabilité spatio-temporelle et signature morphologique de l'incision fluviale dans les Alpes dauphinoises (S-E France) /". Grenoble : Laboratoire de géologie de l'Université I de Grenoble, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39929432g.
Testo completoMatheis, Manfred. "Signaturen des Verschwindens : das Bild des Philosophen in Literatur und Philosophie um 1800 /". Würzburg : Königshausen & Neumann, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37110893r.
Testo completoBlachly, Alexander. "Mensuration and tempo in 15th-century music : cut signatures in theory and practice /". Ann Arbor (Mich.) : UMI, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb400633697.
Testo completoKamoun, Aurélie. "Caractérisation des cancers de vessie par l’analyse intégrative des données de puces exons". Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA11T007.
Testo completoThe development of microarray technology in the late 1990’s served as an essential tool to comprehend the scope of transcriptomic deregulations occurring in cancer cells. Signals generated from the first generation of transcriptomic microarrays gave simultaneous measures of expression from a large number of genes, therefore enabling to identify candidate genes involved in cancer progression and putative therapeutic targets. In 2006, through a fast de- velopment of high-throughput technologies, the available large scale analysis tools became enriched with a new generation of high resolution microarrays measuring expression signals both at the gene-level and at the exon-level of each gene. The advent of this high-resolution microarray, commonly called exon array, provided the opportunity to get a more accurate meas- ure of transcriptomic changes affecting cancer cells by enabling to consider relative expression changes of the exons from a same gene.Alternative splicing and alternative transcription are the two main biological mechanisms accounting for the production of several transcripts from a same gene. Although these bio- logical processes have been known for a long time, their regulation in normal cells and their deregulation in cancer still remain challenging to well-characterize, mainly due to the complex- ity of the involved mechanisms. Through their design, exon arrays enable to identify variable expression patterns within several potential transcripts of a same gene, therefore bringing new insight into these biological processes.Based on a large dataset of bladder cancer samples that were profiled on exon arrays, we focused on the study of alternative splicing changes and alternative promoter usage in bladder tumours. Analysis of these exon arrays through the use of adapted statistical and mathemat- ical tools initially resulted in the identification of numerous genes showing differential relative expression patterns of their transcripts between cancer and normal samples. These transcripts represent a new opportunity to define tumour-specific therapeutic targets. We demonstrated that using an approach targeted on relative expression changes of transcripts from a same gene, it was possible to build up a panel of potential tumour-specific markers enabling the development of new urinary test to detect bladder cancer and monitor its evolution.Through an unsupervised analysis of putatively deregulated exon profiles, we observed that the partitioning of bladder tumours was similar to the classification resulting from the study of classical gene microarray expression profiles, consequently confirming the existence of a bladder subgroup with peculiar transcriptomic properties. For this subgroup of bad prognosis, we established a signature based on the differential alternative inclusion of several exons. This signature relates to 19 genes and enables to accurately identify tumours from this subgroup, therefore providing a powerful tool to be used in clinical practice.By studying a specific pathway often deregulated in cancer, we highlighted an overall dereg- ulation of the relative expression of alternative transcripts from genes involved in cell prolifer- ation, and identified potential actors involved in the underlying regulatory process. Eventually, the analysis of exon arrays in the light of DNA methylation array data enabled us to identify an epigenetic mechanism regulating the use of alternative promoters in a subgroup of bladder tumours.Together, the results obtained from exon array analysis consequently provided a character- ization at the transcript level of bladder tumour specific deregulations and brought insight into the underlying mechanisms. The highlighted deregulations not only allow to accurately identify two subgroups of tumours, of which one has a bad prognosis, but also offer new possibilities regarding the definition of urinary markers for patient monitoring
Shinde, Jayendra. "Mutational signatures reveal the dynamic interplay of risk factors and cellular process during liver tumorigenesis". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC324/document.
Testo completoCancer is a disease of the genome. A normal cell goes rogue and is transformed into a cancerous cell due to acquired somatic mutations in its genome. The catalogue of these somatic mutations observed in the cancer genome is the outcome of multiple mutational processes that have been operative over the lifetime of a patient. These mutational processes that have occurred throughout the development of cancer may be infidelity of the DNA replication machinery, impaired DNA repair system, enzymatic modifications of DNA, or exposures to exogenous or endogenous mutagens. Each mutational process leaves a characteristic pattern – a “mutational signature” on the cancer genome. Various genomic features related to genome architecture, including DNA replication and transcription, modulate these mutational processes. During my PhD, I analyzed whole exome and whole genome sequencing data from liver tumors to understand the mutational processes remodeling these tumor genomes, their interaction with risk factors, cellular processes, and driver genes, and their evolution along the tumor histories. For that aim, I used existing statistical methods and I developed innovative computational tools to:- extract mutational and structural variant signatures from next-generation sequencing data- identify risk factors or genetic alterations underlying each process- predict the mutational process at the origin of each somatic mutation- explore correlations between mutation rates and cellular processes like replication and transcription- reconstruct the clonal history of a tumor and the timing of mutational processes and copy-number changes These innovative analytical strategies allowed me to identify 10 mutational signatures: 5 ubiquitous signatures operative in every liver cancer but modulated by risk factors (gender, alcohol, tobacco), and 5 sporadic signatures operative in <5% of HCC and associated with specific known (aflatoxin B1, aristolochic acid) or unknown mutational processes. I also identified 6 structural variant signatures, including striking duplicator or deletor phenotypes in rare tumors. Each mutational process showed a different relationship with replication and transcription. Signatures of bulky DNA adducts (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, aflatoxin B1, aristolochic acid) strongly decreased in highly expressed genes due to transcription-coupled repair, whereas the alcohol-related signature 16 displayed a unique feature of transcription-coupled damage. A striking positive correlation between indel rate and gene expression was observed, leading to recurrent mutations in very highly expressed tissue-specific genes. Finally, reconstructing the clonal history of HCC revealed the evolution of mutational processes along tumor development and identified synchronous chromosome duplications as late events probably leading to fast tumor growth and clinical detection of the tumor. Together, these findings shed new light on the mechanisms generating DNA alterations along the natural history of liver cancers
Sadeghinaeenifard, Fariba. "Automated Tree Crown Discrimination Using Three-Dimensional Shape Signatures Derived from LiDAR Point Clouds". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1157521/.
Testo completoNouboud, Fathallah. "Contribution à l'étude et la mise au point d'un système d'authentification de signatures manuscrites". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37617074t.
Testo completoBelkhouche, Mohammed Yassine. "Multi-perspective, Multi-modal Image Registration and Fusion". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2012. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc149562/.
Testo completoEtienne, Christian. "Réalisation et évaluation d'un sodar monostatique étude des signatures sodars en fonction de paramètres météorologiques". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375974345.
Testo completoLouahala, Sami. "Signatures spectrales de roches en milieu tempéré valeurs réelles et valeurs perçues par le satellite /". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37615427x.
Testo completoSudama, Gita. "There are observable metabolic signature patterns in C. elegans specifically for different life stages grown with and without the added antioxidants Vitamin C and Vitamin E? /". Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/3088.
Testo completoVita: p. 214. Thesis director: James D. Willett. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Bioinformatics. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed July 7, 2008). Includes bibliographical references (p. 204-213). Also issued in print.