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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Silicon solar cells – Design and construction"

Autore: Grafiati
Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021
Ultima modifica: 5 febbraio 2022

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1

Pa, P. S. "Design of Thin Films Removal on Solar-Cells Silicon-Wafers Surface." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 805–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.805.

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In this study, the design of the mechanism of a recycling system using composite electrochemical and chemical machining for removing the surface layers from silicon wafers of solar cells is studied. The reason for constructing a new engineering technology and developing a clean production approach to perform the removal of surface thin film layers from silicon wafers is to develop a mass production system for recycling defective or discarded silicon wafers of solar cells that can reduce pollution. The goal of the development is to replace the current approach, which uses strong acid and grinding and may cause damage to the physical structure of silicon wafers and cause pollution to the environment, to efficiently meet the requirements of industry for low cost. It can not only perform highly efficient recycling of silicon wafers from discarded solar cells to facilitate the following remelting and crystal pulling process, but can also recycle defective silicon wafers during the fabrication process of solar cells for rework. A small gap width between cathode and workpiece, higher temperature, higher concentration, or higher flow rate of machining fluid corresponds to a higher removal rate for Si3N4 layer and epoxy film. Pulsed direct current can improve the effect of dregs discharge and is advantageous to associate with the fast feed rate of workpiece, but raises the current rating. A higher feed rate of silicon wafers of solar cells combine with enough electric power produces fast machining performance. The electrochemical and chemical machining just needs quite short time to make the Si3N4 layer and epoxy film remove easily and cleanly. An effective and low-cost recycle process for silicon wafers of solar cells is presented.
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Plebankiewicz, Ireneusz, Krzysztof Artur Bogdanowicz, and Agnieszka Iwan. "Photo-Rechargeable Electric Energy Storage Systems Based on Silicon Solar Cells and Supercapacitor-Engineering Concept." Energies 13, no. 15 (July 28, 2020): 3867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13153867.

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Recently, use of supercapacitors as energy storage systems has attracted considerable attention. However, the literature is scarce of information about the optimization of hybrid systems, using supercapacitors as the main energy storage system. In our study, we focused step-by-step on the engineering concept of a photo-rechargeable energy storage system based on silicon solar cells and supercapacitors. In the first step, based on commercially available elements, we designed a solar charger and simulated its work in idealized conditions. Secondly, we designed appropriate electronic connections and control systems, allowing for the charging–discharging process of the energy storage system. After constructing three type of demonstrators of solar energy charger, we tested it. The novel design allowed us to achieve total available energy from solar panel energy conversion up to 93%.
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Tian, Bozhi, and Charles M. Lieber. "Design, synthesis, and characterization of novel nanowire structures for photovoltaics and intracellular probes." Pure and Applied Chemistry 83, no. 12 (October 31, 2011): 2153–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-11-08-25.

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Semiconductor nanowires (NWs) represent a unique system for exploring phenomena at the nanoscale and are expected to play a critical role in future electronic, optoelectronic, and miniaturized biomedical devices. Modulation of the composition and geometry of nanostructures during growth could encode information or function, and realize novel applications beyond the conventional lithographical limits. This review focuses on the fundamental science aspects of the bottom-up paradigm, which are synthesis and physical property characterization of semiconductor NWs and NW heterostructures, as well as proof-of-concept device concept demonstrations, including solar energy conversion and intracellular probes. A new NW materials synthesis is discussed and, in particular, a new “nano-tectonic” approach is introduced that provides iterative control over the NW nucleation and growth for constructing 2D kinked NW superstructures. The use of radial and axial p-type/intrinsic/n-type (p-i-n) silicon NW (Si-NW) building blocks for solar cells and nanoscale power source applications is then discussed. The critical benefits of such structures and recent results are described and critically analyzed, together with some of the diverse challenges and opportunities in the near future. Finally, results are presented on several new directions, which have recently been exploited in interfacing biological systems with NW devices.
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Xue, Chun Rong, and Xia Yun Sun. "Design for Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells." Advanced Materials Research 750-752 (August 2013): 961–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.750-752.961.

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This document explains and demonstrates how to design efficient amorphous silicon solar cells. Some of the fundamental physical concepts required to interpret the scientific literature about amorphous silicon are introduced. The principal methods such as plasma deposition that are used to make amorphous siliconbased solar cells are investigated. On the basis, high-efficiency solar cells based on amorphous silicon technology are designed. Multi-junction amorphous silicon solar cells are discussed, how these are made and how their performance can be understood and optimized. To conclude this document, some of the directions that are important for future progress in the field are presented.
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5

Allen, Norman S. "Book Review: Light Harvesting NanoMaterials, Bentham e-Books, ISBN: 978-1-60805-959-1; e-ISBN: 978-1-60805-958-4." Open Materials Science Journal 9, no. 1 (June 26, 2015): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874088x01509010049.

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Light Harvesting NanoMaterials, Bentham e-Books, ISBN: 978-1-60805-959-1;e- ISBN: 978-1-60805-958-4 Edited by Surya Prakash Singh The harvesting, capture and efficient conversion of solar light energy into electrical and heat energy through chemical and structural materials is now a rapid and exciting field of significant advancement and investigation in the scientific world. Many of these novel and often complex materials can attain important developments for many industrial outlets in energy transformation from solar power. This book targets a number of key newly developed nano-materials and consists in total of five chapters each one compiled by authors who are experts in that particular field and is edited by Surya Prakash Singh. The book consists of a number of important topics many developmental in the fields of organic/polymeric nano-materials which brings the reader up-to-date on many important features. The first chapter covers recent investigations covering the inter-locking and embedding of inorganic transistion metal compound based nano-particles onto solar panel surfaces as anti-reflective coatings in order to enhance light absorption characteristics for effective energy conversion. Silicon, titanium and silver compounds in various nano-formats are highlighted. Here the properties of the particles in harvesting light energy as a support and their photochemistry provides many important answers to questions in relation to the efficiencies of energy harnessing. The efficiencies of these processes is examined practically and theoretically in some depth with many very well illustrated devices. Silver nano-particles were particularly valuable and effective in this regard for enhancing solar energy absorption. Nano-crystalline titanium dioxide is a widely investigated material for solar energy harnessing but its inefficiency in absorption like many materials is a major deficiency. In chapter two, the use of doped titanias utilising tetrapyrolic sensitisers and various metal complexes for overcoming this problem is reviewed. Here, the deficiencies of usual ruthenium complexes is superseded via more effective porphyrins, phthalocyanines and corroles and with enhanced coupling i.e. via zinc significant energy conversions may be achieved. The next chapter explores the behavior and properties of polymeric materials as matrices for nano-composites where again energy efficiency conversion is crucial in determining the role of the light induced physic-chemicalprocesses. In this case the design of polymer based nanocomposites is widely assessed and is proving to be one of the most interesting and upcoming fields in solar energy harnessing. Of course, one major setback in this area with organo-materials is durability. In chapter four, one rather interesting area of growing interest in utilising solar energy is that dealing with gold and titania nanoparticles called “plasmonic photocatalysts”. This important field has direct relevance to photo-induced electrical and semiconductor processes aswell as significance in the manufacture of photoelectrochemical catalysts due to their broad visible absorption characteristics and hence high efficiency. In this context, the formulation and properties of the various catalysts can result in the production of novel highly active material complexes with high efficacy for oxidation of organic compounds. In the last chapter C60-based solar cells with copper oxides, CuInS2, phthalocyanines, diamond, porphyrin and exciton-diffusion blocking layers have been fabricated and characterized for use in energy efficient solar cell construction. High efficiencies are observed in all these devices when utilized with C60. To summarize, this important edited text provides the reader with a highly useful and valuable source of scientific information which focuses on many important aspects of development in light energy harvesting processes in both fields of photochemistry and photophysics thus providing many valuable ways forward for further scientific development for the future in solar energy conversion and photocatalysis. It makes interesting reading coupled with many new ideas and is very well illustrated and certainly provides a valuable reference source for chemists, physicists, biologists and engineers working in the field in both academia, government and industry, alike.
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6

Ruan, Kaiqun, Ke Ding, Yuming Wang, Senlin Diao, Zhibin Shao, Xiujuan Zhang, and Jiansheng Jie. "Flexible graphene/silicon heterojunction solar cells." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 27 (2015): 14370–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta03652f.

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Feteha, M. Y., G. M. Eldallal, and M. M. Soliman. "Optimum design for bifacial silicon solar cells." Renewable Energy 22, no. 1-3 (January 2001): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-1481(00)00025-2.

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8

Strehlke, S., S. Bastide, J. Guillet, and C. Lévy-Clément. "Design of porous silicon antireflection coatings for silicon solar cells." Materials Science and Engineering: B 69-70 (January 2000): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-5107(99)00272-x.

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9

Hossain, Mohammad I., Wayesh Qarony, Vladislav Jovanov, Yuen H. Tsang, and Dietmar Knipp. "Nanophotonic design of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 8 (2018): 3625–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta00628h.

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10

Zhou, Zhen, and Linxing Shi. "Optimized design of silicon thin film solar cells with silicon nanogratings." Optik 126, no. 6 (March 2015): 614–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2015.02.001.

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11

Altazin, S., L. Stepanova, J. Werner, B. Niesen, C. Ballif, and B. Ruhstaller. "Design of perovskite/crystalline-silicon monolithic tandem solar cells." Optics Express 26, no. 10 (April 30, 2018): A579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.26.00a579.

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12

Krc, Janez, Franc Smole, and Marko Topic. "Advanced optical design of tandem micromorph silicon solar cells." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 352, no. 9-20 (June 2006): 1892–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2005.12.040.

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13

Remache, L., A. Mahdjoub, E. Fourmond, J. Dupuis, and L. Lemiti. "Design of porous silicon /PECVD SiOx antireflection coatings for silicon solar cells." Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 1, no. 08 (April 2010): 191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj08.280.

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Remache, L., E. Fourmond, A. Mahdjoub, J. Dupuis, and M. Lemiti. "Design of porous silicon/PECVD SiOx antireflection coatings for silicon solar cells." Materials Science and Engineering: B 176, no. 1 (January 2011): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2010.08.010.

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15

Zhao, Jianhua, Aihua Wang, and M. A. Green. "Emitter design for high-efficiency silicon solar cells. Part I: Terrestrial cells." Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications 1, no. 3 (July 1993): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pip.4670010303.

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Wang, Aihua, Jianhua Zhao, and M. A. Green. "Emitter design for high-efficiency silicon solar cells. Part 2: Space cells." Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications 1, no. 3 (July 1993): 203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pip.4670010304.

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17

Xiao You-Peng, Wang Tao, Wei Xiu-Qin, and Zhou Lang. "Physical mechanism and optimal design of silicon heterojunction solar cells." Acta Physica Sinica 66, no. 10 (2017): 108801. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.66.108801.

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18

Yu, Peng, Jiang Wu, Shenting Liu, Jie Xiong, Chennupati Jagadish, and Zhiming M. Wang. "Design and fabrication of silicon nanowires towards efficient solar cells." Nano Today 11, no. 6 (December 2016): 704–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nantod.2016.10.001.

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19

Ikuta, Tomohiro, Takashi Minemoto, Hideyuki Takakura, and Yoshihiro Hamakawa. "Optical Design of Spherical Silicon Solar Cells with Reflector Cup." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 45, no. 5A (May 9, 2006): 3938–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.45.3938.

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20

Zhou, Chao, Haejun Chung, Xufeng Wang, and Peter Bermel. "Design of CdZnTe and Crystalline Silicon Tandem Junction Solar Cells." IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 6, no. 1 (January 2016): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jphotov.2015.2481598.

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21

Green, M. A. "Silicon solar cells: evolution, high-efficiency design and efficiency enhancements." Semiconductor Science and Technology 8, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0268-1242/8/1/001.

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22

Xiong, Chao, Weilong Xu, Yu Zhao, Jin Xiao, and Xifang Zhu. "New design graded refractive index antireflection coatings for silicon solar cells." Modern Physics Letters B 31, no. 19-21 (July 27, 2017): 1740028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984917400280.

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Reflectance spectrum of nanoporous silicon dioxide (SiO2) double layer was calculated by using the matrix method. The results were compared with the corresponding spectrum of silicon oxynitride (SiO[Formula: see text]N[Formula: see text])–porous silicon (PS) double layer which deposited on nanostructured black silicon coatings. The nanoporous silicon dioxide (SiO2) double layer deposited on nanostructure black silicon antireflection coating presents a lower reflectance in a broad range of solar spectrum. This research outcome may find a wide application in solar cell industry.
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23

Bhavnani, S. H. "Design and Construction of a Solar-Electric Vehicle." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 116, no. 1 (February 1, 1994): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930061.

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Recent concerns relating to global warming caused by greenhouse gases, coupled with a growing awareness of the limited available resources of fossil fuels, have spurred an interest in alternative energy powered vehicles. This paper describes the analysis, development, and testing of an aerodynamic vehicle powered by photovoltaic cells. The primary components of the vehicle are the composite material body, the aluminum space frame, the wheel hubs and front suspension assembly, the drive train, and the electrical system. The frame was designed using finite element analysis with the components of the frame modeled as beam elements. The body, designed to have a very high strength-to-weight ratio, was of graphite/Kevlar/Nomex sandwich construction. Testing was carried out using the three-point bend test to determine the optimal sandwich cross-sectional configuration. The design of the front suspension, the wheel hubs, and the power transmission are also discussed. The electrical system, based on a monocrystalline photovoltaic cell assembly, and silver-zinc storage cells, is also described. Finally, results of the optimization routine developed are also described.
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Torres-Jaramillo, Santiago, Roberto Bernal-Correa, and Arturo Morales-Acevedo. "Improved design of InGaP/GaAs//Si tandem solar cells." EPJ Photovoltaics 12 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjpv/2021001.

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Optimizing any tandem solar cells design before making them experimentally is an important way of reducing development costs. Hence, in this work, we have used a complete analytical model that includes the important effects in the depletion regions of the III-V compound cells in order to simulate the behavior of two and four-terminal InGaP/GaAs//Si tandem solar cells for optimizing them. The design optimization procedure is described first, and then it is shown that the expected practical efficiencies at 1 sun (AM1.5 spectrum) for both two and four-terminal tandem cells can be around 40% when the appropriate thickness for each layer is used. The optimized design for both structures includes a double MgF2/ZnS anti-reflection layer (ARC). The results show that the optimum thicknesses are 130 (MgF2) and 60 nm (ZnS), respectively, while the optimum InGaP thickness is 220 nm and GaAs optimum thickness is 1800 nm for the four-terminal tandem on a HIT silicon solar cell (with total tandem efficiency around 39.8%). These results can be compared with the recent record experimental efficiency around 35.9% for this kind of solar cells. Therefore, triple junction InGaP/GaAs//Silicon tandem solar cells continue being very attractive for further development, using high efficiency HIT silicon cell as the bottom sub-cell.
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Augusto, André, Pradeep Balaji, Harsh Jain, Stanislau Y. Herasimenka, and Stuart G. Bowden. "Heterojunction solar cells on flexible silicon wafers." MRS Advances 1, no. 15 (2016): 997–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.8.

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ABSTRACTCurrent large-scale production of flexible solar devices delivers cells with low efficiency. In this paper we present an alternative path to organic or inorganic thin films. Our cells combine the remarkable surface passivation properties of the silicon heterojunction solar cells design, and the quality of n-type Cz wafers. The cells were manufactured on 50-70 µm-thick wafers. The cells have and efficiency of 17.8-19.2%, open-circuit voltages of 735-742 mV, short-circuit currents of 34.5-35.5 mA/cm2, and fill-factors of 72-75%. The cells are not as flexible as bare wafers. Thin cells are particular sensitive to the additional stress introduced by the busbars and the soldered ribbons. For radiuses of curvature over 8cm the cells efficiency remains the same, for radius equal to 6cm the cell efficiency drops less than 2%, and for radius equal to 4cm the drop is less than 3%. The broken fingers due to smaller bend radius lead to higher series resistance and subsequently lower field-factors.
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Gu, Yu Qin, Chun Rong Xue, and Ming Liang Zheng. "Technologies to Reduce Optical Losses of Silicon Solar Cells." Advanced Materials Research 953-954 (June 2014): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.953-954.91.

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Optical losses chiefly effect the power from a solar cell by lowering the short-circuit current. There are a number of ways to reduce the optical losses, which includes top contact coverage of the cell surface can be minimized, anti-reflection coatings can be used on the top surface of the cell, reflection can be reduced by surface texturing, and the optical path length in the solar cell may be increased by a combination of surface texturing and light trapping. This work discusses all of the methods to reduce optical losses of silicon solar cells. Surface texturing, either in combination with an anti-reflection coating or by itself, can be used to minimize reflection, but the large reflection loss can be reduced significantly via a suitable anti-reflecting coatings. Significant improvement of the short circuit current after light trapping design was observed. In addition to these methods, top contact design of silicon solar cells is important. The design of the top contact involves the minimization of the finger and busbar resistance, and the overall reduction of losses associated with the top contact.
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Scholten, D., R. Horbelt, W. Kintzel, and R. Brendel. "Design considerations for thin-film silicon solar cells from the porous silicon (PSI) process." Thin Solid Films 403-404 (February 2002): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-6090(01)01567-x.

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ZHU, F., and J. SINGH. "On the optical design of thin film amorphous silicon solar cells." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 31, no. 2 (November 1993): 119–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0927-0248(93)90045-5.

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Chen, Jian. "Microstructured design for light trapping in thin-film silicon solar cells." Optical Engineering 49, no. 8 (August 1, 2010): 088001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.3476334.

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Mizuta, Takahiro, Tomohiro Ikuta, Takashi Minemoto, Hideyuki Takakura, Yoshihiro Hamakawa, and Takahiro Numai. "An optimum design of antireflection coating for spherical silicon solar cells." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 90, no. 1 (January 2006): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2005.01.010.

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Hu, Weiguo, Makoto Igarashi, Ming-Yi Lee, Yiming Li, and Seiji Samukawa. "Realistic quantum design of silicon quantum dot intermediate band solar cells." Nanotechnology 24, no. 26 (June 3, 2013): 265401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/24/26/265401.

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Chiao, Shu-Chung, Jiu-Lin Zhou, and H. A. Macleod. "Optimized design of an antireflection coating for textured silicon solar cells." Applied Optics 32, no. 28 (October 1, 1993): 5557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.32.005557.

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Zhou, Hang, Alan Colli, Tim Butler, Nalin Rupesinghe, Asim Mumtaz, Gehan Amaratunga, and John I. B. Wilson. "Carbon nanotube arrays for optical design of amorphous silicon solar cells." International Journal of Material Forming 1, no. 2 (June 18, 2008): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12289-008-0368-6.

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Foster, Stephen, and Sajeev John. "Light-trapping design for thin-film silicon-perovskite tandem solar cells." Journal of Applied Physics 120, no. 10 (September 13, 2016): 103103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4962458.

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Cattin, Jean, Olivier Dupre, Brahim Aissa, Jan Haschke, Christophe Ballif, and Mathieu Boccard. "Optimized Design of Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells for Field Operating Conditions." IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 9, no. 6 (November 2019): 1541–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jphotov.2019.2938449.

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Hsu, Chia-Hsun, Xiao-Ying Zhang, Ming Jie Zhao, Hai-Jun Lin, Wen-Zhang Zhu, and Shui-Yang Lien. "Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells with p-Type Silicon Carbon Window Layer." Crystals 9, no. 8 (August 3, 2019): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9080402.

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Boron-doped hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide (a-SiC:H) thin films are deposited using high frequency 27.12 MHz plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition system as a window layer of silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells. The CH4 gas flow rate is varied to deposit various a-SiC:H films, and the optical and electrical properties are investigated. The experimental results show that at the CH4 flow rate of 40 sccm the a-SiC:H has a high band gap of 2.1 eV and reduced absorption coefficients in the whole wavelength region, but the electrical conductivity deteriorates. The technology computer aided design simulation for SHJ devices reveal the band discontinuity at i/p interface when the a-SiC:H films are used. For fabricated SHJ solar cell performance, the highest conversion efficiency of 22.14%, which is 0.33% abs higher than that of conventional hydrogenated amorphous silicon window layer, can be obtained when the intermediate band gap (2 eV) a-SiC:H window layer is used.
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Yang, Hong, He Wang, and Dingyue Cao. "Investigation of soldering for crystalline silicon solar cells." Soldering & Surface Mount Technology 28, no. 4 (September 5, 2016): 222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ssmt-04-2015-0015.

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Purpose Tabbing and stringing are the critical process for crystalline silicon solar module production. Because of the mismatch of the thermal expansion coefficients between silicon and metal, phenomenon of cell bowing, microcracks formation or cell breakage emerge during the soldering process. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of soldering on crystalline silicon solar cells and module, and reveal soldering law so as to decrease the breakage rates and improve reliability for crystalline silicon solar module. Design/methodology/approach A microscopic model of the soldering process is developed by the study of the crystalline silicon solar cell soldering process in this work. And the defects caused by soldering were analyzed systematically. Findings The defects caused by soldering are analyzed systematically. The optimal soldering conditions are derived for the crystalline silicon solar module. Originality/value The quality criterion of soldering for crystalline silicon solar module is built for the first time. The optimal soldering conditions are derived for the crystalline silicon solar module. This study provides insights into solder interconnection reliability in the photovoltaic (PV) industry.
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Moiz, Syed Abdul, A. N. M. Alahmadi, and Abdulah Jeza Aljohani. "Design of Silicon Nanowire Array for PEDOT:PSS-Silicon Nanowire-Based Hybrid Solar Cell." Energies 13, no. 15 (July 24, 2020): 3797. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13153797.

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Among various photovoltaic devices, the poly 3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene:poly styrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and silicon nanowire (SiNW)-based hybrid solar cell is getting momentum for the next generation solar cell. Although, the power-conversion efficiency of the PEDOT:PSS–SiNW hybrid solar cell has already been reported above 13% by many researchers, it is still at a primitive stage and requires comprehensive research and developments. When SiNWs interact with conjugate polymer PEDOT:PSS, the various aspects of SiNW array are required to optimize for high efficiency hybrid solar cell. Therefore, the designing of silicon nanowire (SiNW) array is a crucial aspect for an efficient PEDOT:PSS–SiNW hybrid solar cell, where PEDOT:PSS plays a role as a conductor with an transparent optical window just-like as metal-semiconductor Schottky solar cell. This short review mainly focuses on the current research trends for the general, electrical, optical and photovoltaic design issues associated with SiNW array for PEDOT:PSS–SiNW hybrid solar cells. The foremost features including the morphology, surface traps, doping of SiNW, which limit the efficiency of the PEDOT:PSS–SiNW hybrid solar cell, will be addressed and reviewed. Finally, the SiNW design issues for boosting up the fill-factor, short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage will be highlighted and discussed.
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39

Wrobel, Edyta, Piotr Kowalik, and Janusz Mazurkiewicz. "Selective metallization of solar cells." Microelectronics International 32, no. 1 (January 5, 2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mi-05-2014-0020.

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Purpose – This paper aims to present the possibility of the technology of chemical metallization for the production of contact of photovoltaic cells. The developed technology allows you to perform low-cost contacts in any form. Design/methodology/approach – The study used a multi- and monocrystalline silicon plates. On the surface of the plates, the contact by the electroless metallization was made. After metallization stage, annealing process in a temperature range of 100-700°C was conducted to obtain ohmic contact in a semiconductor material. Subsequently, the electrical parameters of obtained structures were measured. Therefore, trial soldering was made, which demonstrated that the layer is fully soldered. Findings – Optimal parameters of the metallization bath was specified. The equations RS = f (metallization time), RS = f (temperature of annealing) and C-V characteristics were determined. As a result of conducted research, it has been stated that the most appropriate way leading to the production of soldered metal layers with good adhesion to the portion of selectively activated silicon plate is technology presented below in the following steps: masking, selective activation and nickel-plating of activated plate. Such obtained metal layers have great variety in application and, in particular, can be used for the preparation of electric terminals in silicon solar cell. Originality/value – The paper presents a new, unpublished method of manufacturing contacts in the structure of the photovoltaic cell.
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40

Liu Yong-Sheng, Yang Wen-Hua, Zhu Yan-Yan, Chen Jing, Yang Zheng-Long, and Yang Jin-Huan. "Design of new nano anti-reflection coating for space silicon solar cells." Acta Physica Sinica 58, no. 7 (2009): 4992. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.58.4992.

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41

Matsui, Takuya, Tsutomu Yamazaki, Akihiro Nagatani, Keiju Kino, Hideyuki Takakura, and Yoshihiro Hamakawa. "2D-numerical analysis and optimum design of thin film silicon solar cells." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 65, no. 1-4 (January 2001): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0927-0248(00)00081-7.

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42

Chakravarty, B. C., P. N. Vinod, S. N. Singh, and B. R. Chakraborty. "Design and simulation of antireflection coating for application to silicon solar cells." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 73, no. 1 (May 2002): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0927-0248(01)00111-8.

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43

Paetzold, Ulrich W., Etienne Moulin, Bart E. Pieters, Reinhard Carius, and Uwe Rau. "Design of nanostructured plasmonic back contacts for thin-film silicon solar cells." Optics Express 19, S6 (October 12, 2011): A1219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.19.0a1219.

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44

Saravanan, S., R. S. Dubey, and S. Kalainathan. "Design and Analysis of Thin Film Silicon Solar Cells Using FDTD Method." Procedia Materials Science 10 (2015): 301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mspro.2015.06.054.

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45

贺, 凯. "Theoretical Design of Optimum Thickness for Polycrystalline Thick Film Silicon Solar Cells." Sustainable Energy 05, no. 04 (2015): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/se.2015.54005.

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46

Lukomskyy, D. V., S. V. Lenkov, J. I. Lepih, V. A. Mokrizki, and S. V. Monakov. "INVESTIGATION OF INFLUENCING OF DESIGN DEFECTS ON PROPERTIES OF SILICON SOLAR CELLS." Sensor Electronics and Microsystem Technologies 2, no. 4 (November 29, 2014): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/1815-7459.2005.4.116719.

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47

Campa, Andrej, Anthony Valla, Kristijan Brecl, Franc Smole, Delfina Munoz, and Marko Topic. "Multiscale Modeling and Back Contact Design of Bifacial Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells." IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 8, no. 1 (January 2018): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jphotov.2017.2775155.

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48

Ren, Rui, Yongxin Guo, and Rihong Zhu. "Design of a plasmonic back reflector for silicon nanowire decorated solar cells." Optics Letters 37, no. 20 (October 9, 2012): 4245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.37.004245.

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49

Misiakos, K., and F. A. Lindholm. "Toward a systematic design theory for silicon solar cells using optimization techniques." Solar Cells 17, no. 1 (March 1986): 29–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0379-6787(86)90057-8.

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50

Nadi, Samia Ahmed, Karsten Bittkau, Florian Lentz, Kaining Ding, and Uwe Rau. "Design of deterministic light-trapping structures for thin silicon heterojunction solar cells." Optics Express 29, no. 5 (February 24, 2021): 7410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.417848.

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