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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Slag"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 25 luglio 2025

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1

Zhang, Kaitian, Jianhua Liu, and Heng Cui. "Investigation on the Slag-Steel Reaction of Mold Fluxes Used for Casting Al-TRIP Steel." Metals 9, no. 4 (2019): 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9040398.

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The reaction between [Al] in molten steel and (SiO2) in the liquid slag layer was one of the restrictive factors in the quality control for high Al-TRIP steel continuous casting. In this work, the composition and property variations of two slags during a slag-steel reaction were analyzed. Accordingly, the crystalline morphologies of slag were discussed and the solid layer lubrication performance was evaluated by Jackson α factors. In addition, a simple kinetics equilibrium model was established to analyze the factors which affected SiO2 consumption. The results reflected that slag-steel reacte

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2

Li, Qi Nan, Guo Jun Ma, Xiang Zhang, and Xun Cai. "Characteristics of Metallurgical Waste Slag and its Heating Behavior in a Microwave Field." Key Engineering Materials 680 (February 2016): 574–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.680.574.

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Four kinds of typical metallurgical waste slags were characterized with their chemical composition, crystalline phases, microstructure and thermal behavior. The heating behavior of these slags in a microwave field were also examined. The results show that there is a high content of CaO in these waste slags. When the metallurgical waste slags were heated from room temperature to 1300°C, the weight loss of Blast Furnace (BF) slag and ladle furnace (LF) refining slag are only 2.25% and 0.9%, respectively, while the weight loss of Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) slag and electric arc furnace (EAF) slag

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3

Gupta, Avishek Kumar, Matti Aula, Jouni Pihlasalo, Pasi Mäkelä, Marko Huttula, and Timo Fabritius. "Preparation of Synthetic Titania Slag Relevant to the Industrial Smelting Process Using an Induction Furnace." Applied Sciences 11, no. 3 (2021): 1153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11031153.

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A high titania slag that is used as a feedstock for TiO2 manufacturing is obtained by ilmenite smelting (FeO.TiO2). The composition of the slag obtained by smelting is dependent on the composition of the mineral used for slag preparation, i.e., ilmenite in our study. At the laboratory scale, ilmenite slags are mostly obtained by using ilmenite as the raw material. An easy and simple way would be to prepare the synthetic slag using the individual components and heating them to high temperature in a furnace. The titania slag has a high oxidizing nature and requires an inert atmosphere to prevent

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4

Zhao, Qiang, Lang Pang, and Dengquan Wang. "Adverse Effects of Using Metallurgical Slags as Supplementary Cementitious Materials and Aggregate: A Review." Materials 15, no. 11 (2022): 3803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15113803.

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This paper discusses a sustainable way to prepare construction materials from metallurgical slags. Steel slag, copper slag, lead-zinc slag, and electric furnace ferronickel slag are the most common metallurgical slags that could be used as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) and aggregates. However, they have some adverse effects that could significantly limit their applications when used in cement-based materials. The setting time is significantly delayed when steel slag is utilized as an SCM. With the addition of 30% steel slag, the initial setting time and final setting time are del

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5

Long, Xiao, Wenbo Luo, Guohong Lu, et al. "Iron Removal from Metallurgical Grade Silicon Melts Using Synthetic Slags and Oxygen Injection." Materials 15, no. 17 (2022): 6042. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15176042.

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Novel SiO2-CaO-CaF2-R2O-MgO based synthetic slags (R2O represents alkali metal oxides) with varied binary basicity values were used with oxygen injection to refine silicon melts and remove Fe from metallurgical-grade silicon. Silicon samples and slags at the silicon-slag interfaces were obtained during refinement. The compositions of the silicon samples were analyzed, and the quenched slag samples and mild cooling slags from the final crucible were inspected using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. After 15 min of refinement, the Fe removal rate ranged from

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6

Liu, Xingbei, Chao Zhang, Huanan Yu, et al. "Research on the Properties of Steel Slag with Different Preparation Processes." Materials 17, no. 7 (2024): 1555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17071555.

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To promote the resource utilization of steel slag and improve the production process of steel slag in steelmaking plants, this research studied the characteristics of three different processed steel slags from four steelmaking plants. The physical and mechanical characteristics and volume stability of steel slags were analyzed through density, water absorption, and expansion tests. The main mineral phases, morphological characteristics, and thermal stability of the original steel slag and the steel slag after the expansion test are analyzed with X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron mi

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7

Potysz, Anna, Bartosz Mikoda, and Michał Napieraj. "(Bio)dissolution of Glassy and Diopside-Bearing Metallurgical Slags: Experimental and Economic Aspects." Minerals 11, no. 3 (2021): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11030262.

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Dissolution of diopside-bearing slag and its amorphous counterpart was investigated to decipher recovery potential of these slags. The contribution of direct slag phase dissolution was investigated using a biotic solution with Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans versus sterile growth medium, whereas citric acid was applied to demonstrate slags dissolution in organic medium. Potential metal donor slag phases and easily released elements were identified by comparing theoretical and experimental dissolution ratios. It was shown that K and Na were the most mobile elements leaching from glassy and diopsi

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8

Matinde, E. "Presidential Address: Metallurgical slags: A drive to circularity and search for new research agenda." Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 124, no. 9 (2024): 491–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/2024/2024.

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Poor phase separation and fine dissemination of the desired components within congruous slag phases are key challenges limiting the recoverability of values from slags by conventional beneficiation methods. Slag microstructure conditioning is a pragmatic approach to increasing the value-in-use of discard slags, especially when integrated with the broader smelter infrastructure. Although not yet tested on oxide slag systems, this paper explores the potential application of magnetohydrodynamic principles to the crystallization behaviour of bulk slags. Integrating the slag microstructure conditio

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9

Zhou, Sheng Bo, Ai Qin Shen, and Geng Fei Li. "Interaction between Slag and Clinker during Cement Hydration Process." Advanced Materials Research 857 (December 2013): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.857.70.

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In order to investigate the activity of different original slags and the coupled relation between the slag and the clinker, the simplified slag cement system was designed in the experiment, in which clinker was replaced by lime.The reactional degree of slag in cement was determined through using chemical combined water content method, and the hydration processs were determined through using DSC-TGA. The results showed that for the different original slags, the destruction and rebuilding process of their microstructure were important to distinguish the activity of slags. And the process of slag

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10

Pfeiffer, Andreas, Kathrin Thiele, Gerald Wimmer, and Johannes Schenk. "Laboratory Scale Evaluation of the Slag Foaming Behavior." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1309, no. 1 (2024): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1309/1/012007.

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Abstract Due to the ambitious climate targets of the European Union, one can expect that the electric arc furnace (EAF) will gain greater importance in the future of steelmaking. Since slag foaming is a decisive factor in an efficient process, understanding this phenomenon is essential when applying hydrogen-based direct reduced iron (DRI). Therefore, a method was developed to check different slag compositions concerning their foaming behavior. Slag samples are melted, and a carbon carrier is added. After a selected reaction time, the crucible is quenched in liquid nitrogen, superficially free

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11

Jiang, Dongbin, Xiaoxuan Peng, Ying Ren, Wen Yang, and Lifeng Zhang. "Water modeling on slag entrainment in the slab continuous casting mold." Metallurgical Research & Technology 119, no. 6 (2022): 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2022083.

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A water model is built to investigate the transport phenomena in the slab continuous casting mold. The gas flow rate, casting speed, and slab width on the slag entrainment are studied. The sliver defect in the IF steel plate is analyzed by the scanning electron microscope. The slag entrainment is recorded by the high-speed camera and the velocity is measured by the PIV. The results show that sliver defects contain Al, Ca, Si, Mg, Na, and O, which are mainly derived from the mold slag entrainment. With the casting speed increase, the fluid velocity from the submerged entry nozzle rises clearly

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12

Eric, R. H. "Chromous capacities of ferrochromium and matte smelting slags." Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 2, no. 93 (2018): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7354.

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Purpose: of this paper is to extend the slag capacity concept to sparingly soluble cationic species encountered for example in matte smelting and ferrochromium processing in terms of chromous capacities. Design/methodology/approach: In this context in order to develop the chromous capacity the experimental data on slag-metal equilibrium for ferrochromium smelting and on chromium distribution between slag and matte phases encountered in sulphide smelting of PGM (Platinum Group Metals) and chromium containing copper nickel concentrates were used. Findings: The calculated chromous capacities were

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13

Dai, Yuxiang, Jing Li, Wei Yan, and Shenyang Song. "Effect of slag-remaining operation on dephosphorization based on single-slag converter steelmaking technology." Metallurgical Research & Technology 116, no. 5 (2019): 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2019032.

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During converter steelmaking process, large amounts of slags are generated which take away heat and iron resources from molten bath. The slag-remaining operation is a kind of hot slag recycling. It is that all or most of the slags are left in the converter for next heat during continuous production of several successive heats. The basicity of the remaining slag is about 3, and the content of (FeO) is about 20%.When slag-remaining operation is adopted, it increases the slagging speed in the early stage. Influence of slag-remaining process on the dephosphorization during converter steelmaking wa

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14

Wang, Hui, Su Ping Cui, and Ya Li Wang. "Influence of Cooling Ways on the Structure and Hydraulic Activity of Blast Furnace Slag." Key Engineering Materials 633 (November 2014): 234–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.633.234.

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Using the industrial limestone, fly ash and pure chemical reagents as raw materials, the blast furnace slag was prepared in the simulation condition of the actual slag-making process by three different cooling ways, including air cooling, water cooling and liquid nitrogen cooling. Combined with different test methods such as XRD, SEM, IR, the influence of cooling ways on the structure and hydraulic activity of blast furnace slag was studied in the present in investigation. The relationship between glass content, compressive strength and the phase compositions of blast furnace slag has been obt

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15

Shi, Guan-yong, Ting-an Zhang, Li-ping Niu, and Zhi-he Dou. "Study on physical properties of Al₂O₃-based slags used for the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) – metallurgy method." High Temperature Materials and Processes 41, no. 1 (2022): 424–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2022-0046.

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Abstract The Al2O3-based slags are playing important roles in the preparation of Cu–Cr alloy through self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) – Metallurgy method. However, the current research on Al2O3-based slag is mainly concentrated on steel metallurgical slag and electroslag remelting slag, and the research on aluminum thermal reduction slag with high content of Al2O3 is still insufficient. Therefore, systematic studies of the physical properties of slag with high aluminum content were carried out in the present work, and the influence of CaF2, CaO, MgO, SiO2, and Na3AlF6 on visco

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16

Cao, Jianqi, Yao Li, Wanming Lin, et al. "Assessment of Inclusion Removal Ability in Refining Slags Containing Ce2O3." Crystals 13, no. 2 (2023): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13020202.

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The elimination of inclusions in steelmaking processes has been widely studied. The removal of inclusions by slags containing the rare earth oxide Ce2O3 are studied using an integrated numerical model. The integrated model involves the inclusion motion model, interfacial tension calculation model, surface tension calculation model of slag, and the mass action concentration model, based on ion and molecule coexistence theory. The motion behaviors of both solid Al2O3 inclusions and 50%wtAl2O3–50%wtCaO liquid inclusions of varied sizes at CaO-Ce2O3-SiO2-Al2O3(-MgO) slag systems are evaluated. The

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17

Liu, Kuisheng, Zengqi Zhang, and Jianwei Sun. "Advances in Understanding the Alkali-Activated Metallurgical Slag." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (May 22, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8795588.

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This paper summarized and reviewed the mechanism and macro-performance of alkali-activated metallurgical slag, including steel slag, copper slag, ferronickel slag, and lead-zinc slag. Better activated method and alkali-activator are still needed to be developed to improve the performance of the metallurgical slag with low reactivity. Besides, the chemical components’ variation of these metallurgical slags from different regions will lead to unpredictable performance, which needs further study.

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18

Gao, Ju, and Cheng Liang Du. "Study of Large Inclusions in Casting Slab of 45# Steel." Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (January 2013): 1859–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.1859.

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According to the production process of 45#steel(120t BOF→ slag refining →CC), some system analysis are introduced to research on the type, composition and quantity of large inclusions in casting slab under slag washing process, the effect of slag washing production process on the cleanliness of casting slab is evaluated. The results of the study show that: Under slag washing process, many of large inclusions are spherical inclusions，the main type of large inclusions is CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MnO complex inclusion andSiO2-Al2O3 inclusion; the content of large inclusions in normal slab is 5.17mg/10kg, i

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19

Kolodezhnaya, E. V., I. V. Shadrunova, and M. S. Garkavi. "Potential of Using Waste Incinerator Slag to Sequester Carbon Dioxide." Ecology and Industry of Russia 26, no. 3 (2022): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2022-3-40-45.

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Data on conditions and volumes of slag formation resulting from waste fuel incineration is presented, technological schemes of processing and disposal are made including carbon dioxide fixation. Results of gravitational-magnetic slag enrichment to process polymetallic bulk concentrate are achieved. Granulometric, chemical and mineral composition of fresh and unused slags resulting from waste incineration were measured. Differences of slag material composition depending on grain-size class were identified. Reaction equations of slag carbonization were studied. Reactivity of slag phases with res

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20

Kenzhaliyev, B. K., S. A. Kvyatkovskiy, M. A. Dyussebekova, A. S. Semenova, and D. Nurhadiyanto. "Analysis of Existing Technologies for Depletion of Dump Slags of Autogenous Melting." Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ/Complex Use of Mineral Resources/Mineraldik Shikisattardy Keshendi Paidalanu 323, no. 4 (2022): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31643/2022/6445.36.

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Pyro-metallurgy of copper production is characterized by the output of copper slag, which is regarded as a kind of solid waste. Moreover, this slag is identified as hazardous because it contains impurities, like Pb, As, and Cu. Obtaining dump slags in autogenous processes does not always meet the requirements of effective technologies, most often slags contain more than 1.0% of copper and need to be depleted. This work is presented a brief analysis of existing technologies used for copper slag depletion. The analysis of the existing technologies for the depletion of autogenous smelting dump sl

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21

Pribulová, A., P. Futáš, A. Kmita, D. Márasová, and M. Holtzer. "Impact of electro slag remelting on 14 109 steel properties." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 62, no. 1 (2017): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2017-0025.

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Abstract The Electro Slag Remelting (ESR) is one of the remelting processes in the field of metal refinery. In this process, the slag plays various roles, such as heat generation, protection of melt, and chemical refining. The main objective of the experiments described in this article was to identify the most appropriate slag composition for the electro slag remelting of the steel in order to achieve the chemical composition compliant with the standard applicable to the given steel, minimum sulphur content, minimum contents of oxide and sulphide inclusions, as well as mechanical properties co

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22

Shubina, Marianna V., and Elena S. Makhotkina. "Analysis of the Leaching Stage Effect on the Vanadium Extraction from Technogenic Raw Materials." Materials Science Forum 1052 (February 3, 2022): 462–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-27ijw5.

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As a result of titanomagnetite iron ore processing, technogenic waste is formed in the form of vanadium-containing slags. The industrial processing of these slags is important to improve the environmental situation in industrial regions and expand vanadium raw material base. The study purpose was the vanadium extraction from slags of titanomagnetite ore processing (ITmk3 process slag and JSC “EVRAZ NTMK” slag) in the soluble vanadate form. Research tasks: hydrometallurgical vanadium extraction from slags of different chemical composition using soda technology; determination of the leaching mod

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23

Liu, Yu, Zhao Zhang, Guangqiang Li, Yang Wu, Xijie Wang, and Baokuan Li. "Effect of SiO2 containing slag for electroslag remelting on inclusion modification of 42CrMo steel." Metallurgical Research & Technology 116, no. 6 (2019): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2019063.

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Five heats were carried out to study the effects of SiO2 containing slag for electroslag remelting (ESR) on inclusion characteristics of 42CrMo steel. Fluoride vaporization at elevated temperature from slags was also explored by thermogravimetric analysis. The results show that fluoride vaporization is dominated by slag viscosity and component activities in the melt. Slag composition has an important effect on the composition of the oxide inclusion. For 70 wt% CaF2–30 wt% Al2O3 slag, the compositions of oxide inclusions in remelted steel show no obvious differences compared with the virgin ste

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24

Xie, Sui, Xinhua Yuan, Fupeng Liu, and Baojun Zhao. "Control of Copper Content in Flash Smelting Slag and the Recovery of Valuable Metals from Slag—A Thermodynamic Consideration." Metals 13, no. 1 (2023): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13010153.

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To determine slag properties and the factors influencing these properties for optimization of operating conditions in the copper flash smelting process, the composition and microstructures of the quenched smelting and converting slags have been analyzed. Thermodynamic software FactSage 8.2 has been used to investigate the effects of matte grade, SO2 partial pressure, and the Fe/SiO2 ratio on the liquidus temperature and the copper content of the smelting slag. The possibility to recover valuable metals from the smelting and converting slags through pyrometallurgical reduction by carbon is also

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Togobitskaya, D. N., A. I. Belkova, D. A. Stepanenko, N. A. Tsyupa, and Yu M. Likhachev. "Prediction of the properties of blast furnace slag in modern conditions of blast furnaces of Ukraine." Fundamental and applied problems of ferrous metallurgy, no. 32 (2018): 118–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.52150/2522-9117-2018-32-118-135.

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The aim of the work is the development of models for predicting the properties of final blast-furnace slags for the rapid assessment of the slag regime and the development of sound management recommendations when using various additives in the operating conditions of blast furnaces in Ukraine. A two-stage approach to calculating the properties of blast-furnace slag is proposed: according to the model of a “homogeneous” melt and taking into account its heterogeneity. A predictive model has been developed for calculating the viscosity of a «homogeneous» slag by including the integral parameter o

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Deng, Zhi Hao. "Influence of P₂O₅ and Al₂O₃ on Mineral Formation in Converter Slag." Applied Mechanics and Materials 477-478 (December 2013): 1273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.477-478.1273.

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Converter Slag is a by-product during steelmaking. Reusing the slag as Portland cement material can be regarded as a way to reduce environmental pollution. However, the poor grindability caused by complex chemical composition of the slag makes it very difficult to be used in cement industry. To better understand its grindability, the mineral characteristic of converter slag was investigated in this paper. Experimetal slags of CaO-MgO-SiO2-Fe2O3, CaO-MgO-SiO2-Fe2O3-P2O5 and CaO-MgO-SiO2- Fe2O3-P2O5-Al2O3 were synthetized according to physical and chemical properties of actual converter slag. Th

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Barnett, Vincent L. "Slags and Slag Heaps." Film International 20, no. 3 (2022): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/fint_00171_1.

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Ogirigbo, O. R., and I. Inerhunwa. "Strength and Durability Performance of Slag Blended Cements in High Temperature Environments." July 2017 1, no. 2 (2017): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.36263/nijest.2017.02.0042.

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In this study, two slags of different chemical compositions were blended with a CEM I 52.5R-type Portland cement at 30% wt. replacement ratio. Various tests such as strength, water and chloride ion permeability test were carried out at a high temperature of 38°C. The performances of the slag blends were measured against that of a CEM I 42.5R-type Portland cement. The results obtained showed that the performances of the slag blends were better than that of the CEM I 42.5R cement. In comparing the performances of the slags, the blend prepared from slag 1 had higher strengths and better transport

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Shyrokykh, Tetiana, Xingwen Wei, Seshadri Seetharaman, and Olena Volkova. "Vaporization of Vanadium Pentoxide from CaO-SiO2-VOx Slags During Alumina Dissolution." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 52, no. 3 (2021): 1472–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11663-021-02114-9.

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AbstractThe vaporization of vanadium pentoxide from CaO-SiO2-VOx ternary slags using different gas treatment regimens and parallel vacuum gas extirpation to treat V-bearing slags at 1873 K has been developed in the present study. The novelty of the present study is to monitor the effect of parallel alumina dissolution on the vaporization phenomenon. Vanadium pentoxide has high vapor pressure at the temperatures over 1500 K. When CaO-SiO2-VOx ternary slags, kept in dense alumina crucibles, are injected with oxygen, V2O5 gas bubbles are formed which are forced out by using vacuum extirpation. Th

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Anatoliy, Shevchenko, Volodymyr Kislyakov, Borys Dvoskin, Ivan Manachyn, and Kostyantin Chubin. "STUDY OF CHANGES OF THE SULFUR CONTENT IN CAST IRON AND THE COMPOSITION OF SLAG IN TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSING DURING THE PREPARATION OF CAST IRON FOR THE CONVERTER MELTER." Modern Problems of Metalurgy, no. 25 (April 8, 2022): 201–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.34185/1991-7848.2022.01.17.

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The article analyzes the change in the sulfur content of cast iron and the composition of slag in the technological chain of preparing cast iron for converter smelting. On the basis of the results of the conducted research, technical solutions and technological techniques aimed at eliminating cast iron resulfurization were developed and recommended. Spot probe scanning of bucket slag samples showed that in the slag phase, along with CaO∙SiO2∙Al2O3 type systems with different ratios of components containing 0.2–3.5% sulfur, CaxSiyAlz type systems containing up to 1% sulfur were found; in "beads

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Ho, Hsing-Jung, Atsushi Iizuka, and Hironari Kubo. "Identification of suitable conventional cooling methods for direct aqueous carbonation of blast furnace slags and their mechanism." International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials 32, no. 7 (2025): 1566–79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-024-3054-x.

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Abstract The iron and steel industries generate large amounts of unavoidable CO2 emissions as well as considerable quantities of slags. More than one-half of the emitted CO2 is produced in blast furnaces during ironmaking, and thus it is meaningful to use blast furnace slags to capture CO2 while addressing the byproducts and flue gas of ironmaking. Mineral carbonation of slags is a promising route to achieve carbon neutrality and effective slag utilization. To exploit slag more effectively and capture CO2 in flue gas, an in-depth investigation into the carbonation of blast furnace slags genera

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Li, Long, Da De Zhang, Jian Hua Zeng, and Yong Chen. "Effects of SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ Contents of Converter Slag on its Sticking to MgO-C Brick." Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (January 2013): 3134–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.3134.

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Using ladle slag, ferrovanadium smelting slag as well as slagging materials as starting materials, the converter slags with SiO2 contents of 11.3% to 2.6%, Al2O3 contents of 3.3% to 19.1% were prepared and some cylinder-shaped MgO-C samples were processed to fulfill slag sticking tests conducted at 1600°C in atmosphere furnace. The research results show that the amount of slag adhesion decreases with a reduction of SiO2 content and an increase of Al2O3 content in slag, owing to larger viscosity and higher foam index of molten slag. To control the variations of SiO2 and Al2O3 contents in conver

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33

Long, Xiao, Wenbo Luo, Jun Lv, Falou Chen, Xiang Li, and Shaolei Long. "Titanium Removal from Metallurgical-Grade Silicon Melts Using High-Basicity Index Slag and Carbon Dioxide Injection." Metals 12, no. 6 (2022): 1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12061004.

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In this study, novel slags with a high basicity index were used to refine silicon melts with carbon dioxide injection to effectively remove Ti from metallurgical-grade silicon. Different compositions of the initial slag were used, and silicon samples were obtained during the refining. The results indicate that the Ti-removal rate initially increased with an increase in the basicity index, and it decreased after the basicity index exceeded 1.4. During the refining, silicon emulsification was observed at the slag–silicon interface, which was restricted by the increased basicity index of slags. I

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34

Liao, Jie Long, Zhao Hui Zhang, Jian Tao Ju, and Fu Cai Zhao. "Comparative Analysis of Steel Slag Characteristics and Treatment Process." Advanced Materials Research 834-836 (October 2013): 378–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.834-836.378.

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Abstract (sommario):

Steel slag is hydraulic cementing material, which is mainly applicable approach to the production of cement, admixture of high performance concrete, road engineering. But as a result of hydration expansion of the free calcium oxide and free magnesium oxide and dicalcium silicate morphological changes which is contained in slag cause poor stability of steel slag used in engineering, the steel slag utilization is very low. Therefore, the key technology of steel slag treatment process is to improve the stability of steel slag. Steel slag is alkaline slag, with lower temperature, the viscosity inc

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35

Liu, Zhaoyang, Yuqing Gao, Songyang Pan, et al. "The influence of vanadium and titanium oxides in slag on the wetting and corrosion of dense Al2O3 ceramics." Processing and Application of Ceramics 18, no. 1 (2024): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pac2401065l.

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Abstract (sommario):

The present study investigates the wetting and corrosion behaviour of slags on dense Al2O3 ceramics, focusing on the influence of varying vanadium- and titanium oxide content. Physicochemical properties of the slag were assessed by measuring wetting angles, heights and diameters of the molten slags on the alumina at different temperatures. Microscopic observations and elemental composition analysis were conducted on the interface between the corroded Al2O3 ceramics and the slags. Our findings demonstrated that the V2O3 addition in the slag leads to its oxidation to V2O5, which further reacts w

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36

Geldenhuys, I. J., Q. G. Reynolds, and G. Akdogan. "Evaluation of Titania-Rich Slag Produced from Titaniferous Magnetite Under Fluxless Smelting Conditions." JOM 72, no. 10 (2020): 3462–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-020-04304-3.

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Abstract Titanium-bearing magnetite ore is generically defined as magnetite with > 1% titanium dioxide (TiO2) and is usually vanadium-bearing. The iron and titanium occur as a mixture of magnetite (Fe3O4) and ilmenite (FeTiO3) with vanadium oxide usually occurring within the solid solution of the titanium-bearing magnetite phase. These ores are currently widely processed in blast furnaces via modified ironmaking processes. Typically, vanadium is recovered as a by-product from the ironmaking process, while the diluted titania slag is stockpiled. Fluxless smelting in a direct-current open-arc

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37

Stepanenko, D., and D. Togobitska. "Regarding the interaction and capture of metal droplets by blast furnace slag." Metaloznavstvo ta obrobka metalìv 30, no. 2 (2024): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mom2024.02.003.

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Abstract (sommario):

The mechanism of capture of metal drops by the slag melt was investigated using blast furnace slag as an example. The role of the viscosity of the blast furnace slag in reducing iron loss at the output from the blast furnace is shown. Reducing the viscosity of slags contributes to the rapid settling of small drops of cast iron in the slag volume. It is noted that the CaO/SiO2 ratio is an important parameter that changes the viscosity of blast furnace slag. To ensure the minimum viscosity of blast furnace slag, it is necessary to establish the optimal chemical composition of the slag, in partic

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38

Zhao, Shuo, Zushu Li, Renze Xu, Darbaz Khasraw, Gaoyang Song, and Dong Xu. "Dissolution Behavior of Different Inclusions in High Al Steel Reacted with Refining Slags." Metals 11, no. 11 (2021): 1801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11111801.

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Abstract (sommario):

Al2O3, Al2O3·TiN, Al2O3·MgO, and CaO·2Al2O3 are four different types of inclusions in high Al steels. To improve the steel cleanness level, the effective removal of such inclusions during secondary refining is very important, so these inclusions should be removed effectively via inclusion dissolution in the slag. The dissolution behavior of Al2O3, Al2O3·TiN, Al2O3·MgO, and CaO·2Al2O3 in CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO slags, as well as the steel-slag reaction, was investigated using laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) and high-temperature furnace experiments, and thermodynamic calculations for the in

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39

Togobitskaya, D. N., A. I. Belkova, D. A. Stepanenko, N. A. Tsyupa, and Yu M. Likhachev. "Development of the model complex of the expert system of control and management of the slag mode in modern mixed blast furnace conditions." Fundamental and applied problems of ferrous metallurgy, no. 34 (2020): 30–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.52150/2522-9117-2020-34-30-46.

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Abstract (sommario):

The aim of the work is to develop physicochemical bases for predicting the technological properties of finite blast furnace slags, algorithmic and software for the subsystem for diagnosing the slag regime of blast furnace smelting. Based on experimental data on the properties of natural finite blast furnace slags, predictive models for calculating the viscosity of the final slag at a temperature of 1400-1550 °C were improved by including in the model structure an integrated slag melt index of the parameter Δe, which reflects the individual effect. Using the integral parameters of the slag melt

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40

Kozin, R., L. Kuznetsova, N. Hulyanytska, and I. Mossokovska. "Determination of Nitrogen Content in the Slags of CaO — Al2O3 System by Kjeldahl Method." Metrology and instruments, no. 3 (July 3, 2019): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(3)2019.55-60.

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Abstract (sommario):

Due to the expansion of the nomenclature of steel grades in the industry and the development of new special alloys with increased strength and corrosion-resistant properties, both in the metallurgical industry and in welding, researchers are very interested in the dissolution of nitrogen in metals and slag. Gas permeability of slag is one of the reasons for the appearance of gases in both the base metal and the weld metal. It is determined by two properties: solubility and mass transfer of gases in slag. In addition, in real conditions, the process of dissolving gases in slag is influenced by

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41

Xu, Haiqin, Shaopeng Wu, Hechuan Li, Yuechao Zhao, and Yang Lv. "Study on Recycling of Steel Slags Used as Coarse and Fine Aggregates in Induction Healing Asphalt Concretes." Materials 13, no. 4 (2020): 889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13040889.

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Abstract (sommario):

Steel slag, a by-product of steelmaking, imposes lots of negative impacts on the environment. For alleviating negative impacts, more and more experiments have been carried out to explore the application possibility of steel slag. The purpose of this study is to explore the feasibility of steel slag being applied in induction healing asphalt concretes to replace coarse and fine aggregate. Surface texture and pore sizes of steel slag were firstly tested, and then steel slag and basalt asphalt mixtures modified with steel fibers were prepared. Moisture susceptibility, dynamic stability, mechanica

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42

Kim, Taehyoung, Seonhee Kim, Hyunji Tak, Kyeongtae Kim, Chul-Woo Chung, and Minhee Lee. "Mechanisms at Different pH for Stabilization of Arsenic in Mine Tailings Using Steelmaking Slag." Minerals 10, no. 10 (2020): 900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10100900.

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Abstract (sommario):

The mechanisms at different pH for the stabilization of arsenic (As) in mine tailings (MTs) using steelmaking slag were investigated using laboratory experiments. Two types of steelmaking slag were used in the experiments. Ca-slag has high pH and high calcium oxide content due to its short period of aging. In contrast, Fe-slag is oxidized for a long time and is richer in Fe than in Ca. The As-contaminated MTs were taken from a tailing-storage dam around an abandoned gold mine in Korea. The tailings had an average As concentration of 2225.3 mg/kg. The As-removal batch experiment was performed t

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43

Kudyba, Artur, Shahid Akhtar, Inge Johansen, and Jafar Safarian. "Aluminothermic Reduction of Manganese Oxide from Selected MnO-Containing Slags." Materials 14, no. 2 (2021): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14020356.

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Abstract (sommario):

The aluminothermic reduction process of manganese oxide from different slags by aluminum was investigated using pure Al and two types of industrial Al dross. Two types of MnO-containing slags were used: a synthetic highly pure CaO-MnO slag and an industrial high carbon ferromanganese slag. Mixtures of Al and slag with more Al than the stoichiometry were heated and interacted in an induction furnace up to 1873 K, yielding molten metal and slag products. The characterization of the produced metal and slag phases indicated that the complete reduction of MnO occurs via the aluminothermic process.

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44

Yin, Meichao, Yaxuan Xiong, Aitonglu Zhang, et al. "Non-Ferrous Metal Smelting Slags for Thermal Energy Storage: A Mini Review." Buildings 15, no. 13 (2025): 2376. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15132376.

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Abstract (sommario):

The metallurgical industry is integral to industrial development. As technology advances and industrial demand grows, the annual output of metallurgical waste slag continues to rise. Combined with the substantial historical stockpile, this has made the utilization of metallurgical slag a new research focus. This study comprehensively sums up the composition and fundamental characteristics of metallurgical waste slag. It delves into the application potential of non-ferrous metal smelting waste slag, such as copper slag, nickel slag, and lead slag, in both sensible and latent heat storage. In se

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45

CHEN, E., and K. COLEY. "GAS SLAG REACTION KINETICS IN SLAG CLEANING OF COPPER SLAGS." Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly 45, no. 2 (2006): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/cmq.2006.45.2.167.

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46

Malzev, K. Y., O. B. Kolmachikhina, and Sergey E. Polygalov. "Research for the Processing of Stale Slag from the Ural Region by the Pyro-Metallurgical Method." Materials Science Forum 989 (May 2020): 406–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.989.406.

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Abstract (sommario):

Pyro-metallurgical copper production is characterized by the formation of a large amount of slags. The copper content in the smelt slag is 0.5-2 %, in the vessel slag - about 5%, which often exceeds the copper content in the mined ores (about 1%). This makes depletion of slag a necessary operation in the pyro-metallurgical production of copper. In addition, about 110 million tons of copper slags have been accumulated in the dumps of copper factories in the Urals. The processing of these slags which contain up to 2.5% Cu is a very important task, the solution of which will allow extracting copp

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47

Wiraseranee, C., T. Yoshikawa, T. H. Okabe, and K. Morita. "Effect of Al2O3, MgO, and CuOx on the dissolution behavior of rhodium in the Na2O-SiO2 slags." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 49, no. 2 (2013): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb121221018w.

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Abstract (sommario):

Aiming to optimize rhodium recovery in the high temperature recycling process by minimizing rhodium loss into slags in an oxidizing atmosphere by controlling slag composition, the effects of representative slag components, such as Al2O3, MgO, and CuOx, on the dissolution behavior of rhodium into the Na2O-SiO2 slags was investigated. The solubility of rhodium was measured by equilibrating the sodium silicate based slags with pure solid rhodium at 1473 K in air. Considering that rhodium dissolved into slags as RhO1.5, the effect of the oxide addition on the activity coefficient of RhO1.5 in slag

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48

Yakubov, M. M., M. M. Yoqubov, D. B. Kholikulov, and M. S. Maksudhodjaeva. "Depletion of converter slags to waste in the Vanyukov furnace during pyrometallurgical copper production at JSC Almalyk MMC." Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ/Complex Use of Mineral Resources/Mineraldik Shikisattardy Keshendi Paidalanu 331, no. 4 (2024): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31643/2024/6445.39.

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Abstract (sommario):

The article shows the possibility of involving man-made formations in the pyrometallurgical production of copper in the form of slag and clinker-zinc production for the purpose of comprehensive extraction of non-ferrous and precious metals from them at Almalyk MMC JSC. Clinker, a technogenic waste from zinc production, contains a significant amount of reducing elements in the form of metallic iron and carbon, as well as gold in the amount of 2.3 g/t and silver 250 g/t. In research, clinker works as a reducer of magnetite contained in the converter slag during its depletion and in the process o

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49

Chen, Chunlin, Ling Zhang, and Jean Lehmann. "Thermodynamic Modelling of Phosphorus in Steelmaking Slags." High Temperature Materials and Processes 32, no. 3 (2013): 237–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2012-0129.

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Abstract (sommario):

AbstractThe published phase diagrams of some key P2O5-containing systems which are relevant to the steelmaking slag and the available experimental data on phosphorus partitioning between liquid iron and slags consisting of SiO2-Al2O3-Fe2O3-FeO-MnO-MgO-CaO-Na2O have been reviewed and assessed. A set of data under carefully controlled experimental conditions, which was considered to be more reliable based on the assessment, was selected for optimising the generalised central atom (GCA) model parameters of phosphorus-containing slag systems. The developed model database is proved to be able to re

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50

Kolodezhnaya, Ekaterina, Olga Gorlova, Irina Shadrunova, Marya Kolkova, Julya Efimova, and Kirill Vorobyev. "Microstructural Features of the Structure of Silicates in Slags of Thermal Processing of Municipal Solid Waste." TRANSBAIKAL STATE UNIVERSITY JOURNAL 31, no. 1 (2025): 39–50. https://doi.org/10.21209/2227-9245-2025-31-1-39-50.

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Abstract (sommario):

Modern sources of negative environmental impact are not limited to waste from the operation of industrial enterprises. A relatively new type of man-made waste for our country is slags of thermal processing of municipal solid waste (MSW). The article is devoted to the study of the specific features of the chemical and phase composition of slags formed during the combustion of MSW, the forms of inert and eco-controlled compounds in the slag, and the structure of its grains. The object of the study is the dump slag of the MSW thermal neutralization plant (Moscow region). Representative samples of

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