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1
Yagi, Toyoko. "Compliance with dialysis regimens: The effects of coping and social support". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2655.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of this study was to identify determinants of compliance behavior. Since compliance among dialysis patients increases survival rate, it is important for social workers to identify patients who are at risk of noncompliance.
2
Ferro, Paula Luz, e Fernandez Gloria Del. "Spirituality and compliance correlates of hemodialysis patients". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2663.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of a study of spirituality and its relationship to the compliance of hemodialysis patients is to consider changing the approach of the treatment team in the dialysis setting. The interdisciplinary treatment team at the dialysis center consists of physicians, nurses, dietitians, and social workers. One of the many roles of the dialysis social worker is to facilitate the adjustment to and acceptance of the patient's need for dialysis.
3
Gonzalez, Liana Christine. "Social support as an influential factor in treatment-seeking". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2842.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study was conducted using a quantitative design and statistical analysis to determine the extent to which social support will influence an individual's decision to seek treatment for a medical illness. Main findings include significant correlations between measures of perceived and tangible social support and treatment compliance.
4
Podisi, Mpho Keletso. "The socio-economic aspects involved in compliance to antiretroviral therapy : Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone". Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01312006-111529.
Testo completo
5
Klint, Robin. "What role does top management play in BYOD policy compliance?" Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-20106.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) fortsätter öka i popularitet bland många organisationer. Problem, risker, och hot kopplade till denna enhetsstrategi har blivit noggrant studerat och diskuterat i många olika artiklar. Dock, rollen som toppchefer spelar i BYOD policyefterlevnad, är en aspekt som har blivit försummad och behöver ytterligare forskning. Toppchefers medverkan, stöd, och attityd mot informationssäkerhetsarbete påverkar anställdas intentioner att följa säkerhetspolicys. Därav, kasta ljus på effekten chefer och företagskultur kan ha, bedöms förmånligt för både organisationer såväl som deras ledare. En systematisk litteraturrecension utfördes med syftet att besvara vilken roll toppchefer spelar i BYOD policyefterlevnad. Specifika söktermer användes i fyra olika databaser för att hitta artiklar, som sedan utsattes för en process för att bedöma deras kvalitet baserat på förbestämda urvalskriterier. Denna process ledde till 14 artiklar som bedömdes vara bidragande till denna uppsats. Koncept som diskuterades och inträffade i flera av de valda artiklarna blev markerade och vidare analyserade. Fem koncept blev extraherade, och slutsatser drogs från dem. Fem intervjuer utfördes och resultaten både styrkte slutsatserna dragna från koncepten, och gav nya intressanta vinklar och aspekter.Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) continues to rise in popularity among many organisations. Problems, risks, and threats connected to this device strategy have been thoroughly studied and discussed in many different articles. However, top managers’ role in BYOD policy compliance is an aspect that has been neglected and needs further research. Top managers' involvement, support, and attitude towards information security work affect employee’s intentions to comply with security policies. Hence, shedding light on the effect managers and corporate culture can have is deemed beneficial for both organisations and their leaders. A systematic literature review was conducted to answer what role top managers play in BYOD policy compliance. Specific search terms were used in four different databases to find articles which were then put through a process to assess their quality based on pre-defined selection criteria. This process led to 14 articles that were deemed to be contributory to this thesis. Concepts that were discussed and occurred in several of the selected articles were highlighted and further analysed. Five concepts were extracted, and conclusions were drawn from them. Five interviews were conducted, and the results supported the conclusions drawn from the concepts and provided interesting new angles and aspects.
6
Rosario, Douglas Paul. "Compliance behavior in physical therapy home programs". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1658.
Testo completo
7
Morley, Jacoba Lena. "The effects of gender, self-esteem, age, and relationship on compliance-gaining strategy selection". Scholarly Commons, 2001. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/553.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
One goal of communicating with others can be to gain their compliance, essentially to get someone else to do what we want them to do. The techniques used and communicative messages chosen to accomplish this goal can vary widely. This study investigated the effects of gender, self-esteem, age, and relationship on compliancegaining strategy selection. Two hypotheses and three research ·questions were addressed in this study. Hypothesis One predicted males would be more likely to select anti-social compliance-gaining strategies in a social setting when trying to influence other males and pro-social compliance strategies when trying to influence females. Hypothesis Two predicted women will select more pro-social compliance-gaining strategies in social settings with both males and females. Three research questions examined the effect of interactant age, relationship (interpersonal or noninterpersonal) and self-esteem on the selection of compliance gaining strategies. The total sample size was 161 college students drawn from a medium-sized, private university in the western United States. Students
were enrolled in one of four communication courses. A factor analysis was first employed to reduce the Weisman and Schenk-Hamlin Compliance Gaining typology into pro- and anti-social strategies, so that Hypothesis One could be addressed. However, after the analysis showed that the thirteen strategies used did not fall into two discrete categories as originally anticipated, a t-test was used to evaluate each strategy individually. An analysis of variance was used to determine interaction effects among gender, age, self:esteem, and compliance-gaining strategy. At-test was employed for analysis ofhypothesis two to determine gender differences in strategy selection. All research questions utilized regression analysis to determine the existence of a relationship between the individual variables of age, relationship, and self-esteem on compliancegaining strategy. Results for Hypothesis One showed no significant difference in male research participants' selection of compliance-gaining strategies for both male and female targets. Results for Hypothesis Two indicated female research participants used the 'allurement' strategy more than males with both male and female targets. No significant difference in strategy usage for the remaining 12 strategies resulted. Results for the three research questions showed significant interaction effects for the strategies of ingratiation, promise, allurement, aversive stimulation, threat, altruism, and hinting.
8
Tracy, Elizabeth Catherine. "The effects of host factors and environmental factors on immunization compliance in two year old children". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276885.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Descriptive research was conducted to describe the relationships among host and environmental factors and immunization compliance in two year old children. Secondary data was collected from a sample of 306 well baby clinic records in a public health department in a Southwestern state. Results revealed statistically significant differences between the compliant and noncompliant groups for income and number of children living at home. Higher income, higher maternal age, fewer number of children, and races other than of Spanish origin were significantly correlated with children who received all immunizations at the appropriate age. Significant relationships were found between children who received all immunizations at the public health department versus children who received immunizations from both a public and private provider. Compliant children made more visits for immunizations and fewer other visits than noncompliant children. These factors can assist in identifying children at highest risk for failure to receive immunization on time.
9
Graver, Ellen 1953. "Family stress, social support, and health beliefs as determinants of maternal compliance behavior in relation to the dietary management of the obese infant". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276747.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Hypotheses explaining maternal compliance behavior in relation to maternal attitudes and motivations and family and social influences were explored retrospectively in families of 39 obese infants from six to twelve months of age. Maternal social support and infant characteristics were not strongly associated or predictive of maternal compliance behavior. Stressful life changes in the family were negatively associated with maternal compliance to the dietary regimen. Maternal perception of infant fatness was negatively associated with dietary compliance behavior and positively associated with study protocol compliance behavior. Demographic variables were positively associated with compliance to study protocol. Family stress, maternal health beliefs, and demographic variables outweighed social support in their power to predict compliance behaviors. Compliance to study requirements did not necessarily mean compliance to the dietary regimen. Clinical use of assessing family stress, maternal beliefs and demographic variables appears to provide additional understanding of compliance behaviors in mothers with infant feeding recommendations.
10
Cruz, Leo Joe. "Medical compliance for Hispanic patients with end stage renal disease". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1999. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1798.
Testo completo
11
Sparlin, Linda Rae. "The use of a color code system to promote compliance to diet information". Scholarly Commons, 1988. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2165.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The use of color coded prompts to influence students' food selections in choosing a balanced meal was investigated. Yellow, green, blue, and orange dots, representing the four major food groups, grains, fruit and vegetables, dairy, and meat respectively were displayed at the point-of-selection on food entree cards along the serving line of a college dining hall. Two grain servings, two fruit/vegetable servings, one dairy serving, and one meat serving, were suggested as the optimal combination for a balanced meal. The results indicated that the prompts, although noticed and understood by the majority of the students, did not significantly influence their food selections. These findings are inconsistent with earlier studies substantiating the effectiveness of color coded prompts at the point-of-selection in influencing food choices. Implications are discussed.
12
Zamur, Guilherme Augusto Cavallaro. "Non-compliance with sustainability practices in supply chains". reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/18190.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
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Com base na teoria institucional e na teoria social cognitiva, foi realizado um experimento de escolha discreta com 128 gestores americanos, 105 brasileiros e 109 indianos para testar três causas alternativas de não atendimento por fornecedores às práticas de sustentabilidade da empresa focal da cadeia de suprimentos. Os resultados fornecem evidências preliminares de que o background institucional destes gestores pode impedir que eles percebam quando não cumprem as práticas de sustentabilidade da empresa compradora (focal) e de que certas configurações da cadeia de suprimentos influenciam a propensão a não cumprir as políticas de sustentabilidade da empresa focal. A generalização destes resultados é limitada devido à metodologia experimental utilizada.
Based on institutional theory and social cognitive theory, a discrete-choice experiment was conducted with 128 American, 105 Brazilian and 109 Indian managers to test three alternative causes of suppliers’ non-compliance with supply chain focal company’s sustainability practices. Results provide preliminary evidence to support that managers’ institutional background may prevent them from perceiving their non-compliance with buyer (focal) company’s sustainability practices and that certain supply chain configurations influence their likelihood not to comply with focal company’s sustainability policies. Generalization of such findings is limited because of the experimental methodology used.
13
Johnell, Kristina. "Contextual and individual aspects of use of medication : multilevel studies on anxiolytic-hypnotic drug use, social context, adherence to medication, and disability pension /". Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-444-9/.
Testo completo
14
Watkins, Deidre Ann. "An assessment of the environmental compliance monitoring capacity of the Department of Minerals and Energy, Eastern Cape". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003848.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
One of the greatest challenges facing the world today is integrating industrial activities such as mining with environmental integrity and social concerns. Monitoring is fundamental to environmental management, both to assess the adherence to standards and to allow environmental managers to learn from practical experiences. However, a problem arises when the regulatory authorities cannot keep up with their mandate of enforcement and compliance monitoring. This research examined how the Department of Minerals and Energy (DME) implements the concept of sustainable development in the mining sector of the Eastern Cape (EC) and, more specifically, the extent to which the Mine Environmental Management (MEM) section is able to effectively monitor compliance of mining operations with environmental legislation. This was the first systematic compilation of statistical data for the DME, and presents the first study in the EC regional office in terms of environmental sustainability. Results indicate that there has been a sustained increase in mining activity over the past three years, possibly as a result of the boom in the construction industry and the accelerated road maintenance and improvement programmes in the Eastern Cape. Mining applications received by the DME have increased by 47% from 2006 to 2007 (January-May) and by a further 100% from 2007 to 2008. In addition to the increasing number of mining concerns being established, 98 mining concerns will need to apply for the conversion of their old order rights to new order rights by the 1st May 2009. Mining in the province is predominantly small scale with mining permits (mined areas less than 1.5Ha) making up 52.3% of all applications, with larger mining concerns contributing 29.3% and prospecting contributing the remaining 18.4%. In terms of compliance inspections, the EC regional office is required to conduct 120 environmental compliance inspections annually in terms of contributing to sustainable development. The MEM section exceeded this target since 2003. However, when the number of operational mines is considered, 120 inspections per year equates to one mine being visited, on average once every four years (based on 2008 data). Based on projected figures (number of compliance audits and number of operational mines) for 2009, the DME’s target of 150 inspections for 2009/10 combined with the limited staff D. Watkins – MBA Dissertation 2008 capacity will, at best, mean that mines would be inspected once in seven years. However, the target of 150 inspections will not actually even cover the expected number of EMP evaluation inspections. This has serious implications in terms of regulating the compliance of the mining concerns with their EMPR’s. The low level of compliance monitoring can be directly related to staff capacity and logistics problems at the regional office as well as provincial targets being based on staff capacity rather than the number of operational mines. Thus, considering potential environmental damage associated with mining operations and the capacity constraints of the MEM to conduct frequent compliance audits, it is likely that mining operations will have negative implications for sustainable development in the region. Currently there are many challenges facing the DME in terms of contributing positively to sustainability in the mining sector and there is a need to base future actions on the idea of continuous improvement and ultimately progress.
15
DeStefano, Michele, e Hendrik Schneider. "Compliance Elliance Journal: Transnational Aspects of Compliance". Universität Leipzig, 2020. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A72840.
Testo completo
16
Rapp, Axel. "Web site security maturity of the European Union and its member states : A survey study on the compliance with best practices of DNSSEC, HSTS, HTTPS, TLS-version, and certificate validation types". Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-20127.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
With e-governance steadily growing, citizen-to-state communication via Web sites is as well, placing enormous trust in the protocols designed to handle this communication in a secure manner. Since breaching any of the protocols enabling Web site communication could yield benefits to a malicious attacker and bring harm to end-users, the battle between hackers and information security professionals is ongoing and never-ending. This phenomenon is the main reason why it is of importance to adhere to the latest best practices established by specialized independent organizations. Best practice compliance is important for any organization, but maybe most of all for our governing authorities, which we should hold to the highest standard possible due to the nature of their societal responsibility to protect the public. This report aims to, by conducting a quantitative survey, study the Web sites of the governments and government agencies of the member states of the European Union, as well as Web sites controlled by the European Union to assess to what degree their domains comply with the current best practices of DNSSEC, HSTS, HTTPS, SSL/TLS, and certificate validation types. The findings presented in this paper show that there are significant differences in compliance level between the different parameters measured, where HTTPS best practice deployment was the highest (96%) and HSTS best practice deployment was the lowest (3%). Further, when comparing the average best practice compliance by country, Denmark and the Netherlands performed the best, while Cyprus had the lowest average.
17
Palmgren, Patrik, e Per Schylström. "Styrning av informationssäkerhet vid hemarbete : En fallstudie om styrning av informationssäkerhet i förhållande till hemarbete". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Informationssystem och digitalisering, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-176047.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Under Covid-19-pandemin har organisationer med hjälp av digitaliseringen genomgått en omställning från kontorsarbete till hemarbete i en större utsträckning än tidigare. Förflyttningen av personal till hemmet och nya kommunikationskanaler har lett till en ökad hotbild gentemot organisationer och dess medarbetare som arbetar med känslig information. Höga krav ställs därför på en god informationssäkerhetsnivå inom organisationer, vilket kräver ett systematiskt styrningsarbete av informationssäkerhet. En nyckelfaktor i efterlevnaden av organisationers regler för informationssäkerhet är tydlig kommunikation och utbildning i syfte att öka medvetenheten och förmågan hos medarbetarna i organisationen. Genom en kvalitativ ansats beskriver denna fallstudie hur olika medarbetare som arbetar hemifrån kan uppleva informationssäkerhet och hur en organisation kan arbeta med styrning av informationssäkerhet i samband med att medarbetarna arbetar hemifrån. Studien presenterar också likheter och skillnader som finns mellan dessa två perspektiv. Vi har genomfört åtta intervjuer med olika personer från en fallorganisation som har flyttat större delen av sin arbetsstyrka från arbetsplatsen till hemmet. Studiens resultat är att efterlevnaden av informationssäkerhet är beroende av en organisations kultur och personalens säkerhetsmedvetande. Motivationsfaktorer för att följa regler för informationssäkerhet har i fallet följt delarna i Protection Motivation Theory och Fogg Behavior Model. Vi ser också att borttagandet av sociala kontakter och påminnelser försvårar för medarbetare att arbeta på ett informationssäkert sätt och för organisationen att påverka sina medarbetare. Vidare är också avsaknaden av kontroll vid utbildning och kommunikation en faktor som är organisationen inte har åtkomst till, detta är ett problem då det försvårar för en organisation att bygga en bild över medarbetarnas kompetens. Insatser för att öka medvetenheten om informationssäkerhet bör ske löpande och det ska vara enkelt för medarbetaren att göra rätt och hitta väsentlig information.During the Covid-19 pandemic, organisations have shifted from office work to work at home to a greater extent than before with the help of digitalisation. The shift of staff to the home and new communication channels have led to an increased threat to organisations and their employees working with sensitive information. High standards of information security are required within organisations, which calls for great governance efforts regarding information security. Clear communication and training to increase the awareness and capability of employees in the organisation is a key factor in ensuring compliance with the organisation's information security rules. Through a qualitative approach, this case study describes how different employees working from home experience information security efforts and how an organisation can work on information security governance. The study also presents similarities and differences that exist between these two perspectives. We conducted eight interviews with different people from different parts of an organisation that has moved most of its workforce from the workplace to their home. The findings of the study are that compliance with information security is dependent on an organisation's culture and the security awareness and ability of its staff. Motivational factors for information security compliance in the case followed the elements of Protection Motivation Theory and Fogg's Behavior Model. We also see that the removal of social contacts and reminders makes it more difficult for employees to work in an information-secure manner and for the organization to influence its employees. Furthermore, the lack of control in training and communication is also a factor that is not accessible to the organisation, this is a problem as it makes it difficult for an organisation to build a picture of the competence of its employees. Efforts to raise awareness of information security should be ongoing and it should be easy for employees to do the right thing and find essential information.
18
Sebastian, Holmgren, e Sara Spehar. "Den nya dataskyddsförordningens påverkan på företag : En flerfallsstudie om förändringsarbetet i samband med införandet av GDPR". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Informationssystem, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-355172.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
On May 25th in 2018, the old EU directive that has been used as a guideline for data protection since 1995 was replaced. The new regulation, General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) was implemented with a primary purpose to strengthen the rights of individuals and to give them greater control over their personal data. In general, the law involves changes for those who process personal data and strengthened rights of every individual's privacy. Change is a recurring element in every organization and how it's handled is crucial to the future of the company. This paper intends to investigate how change management can be applied in connection with the introduction of the new data protection regulation and how oganizations ensure compliance with changes. The interviews conducted in this paper has generated qualitative data and the result shows that there is a comprehensive conversion for companies of any size. Companies have an iterative approach regarding change managment and several changes have been required to reach full compliance with the law. To ensure compliance, companies have created an awareness of the law, educated all employees within their organization, and helped their employees apply the gained knowledge to their everyday work. However there are flaws companies may need to work on, which includes motivating employees to follow the newly implemented changes and use reinforcement to avoid returning to old habits.Den 25 maj år 2018 ersattes det gamla EU-direktivet som behandlat dataskydd sedan år 1995. Den nya dataskyddsförordningen, General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) har som huvudsakligt syfte att stärka privatpersoners rättigheter och ge dem en större kontroll över sina personuppgifter. I det stora hela innebär lagändringen förändringar för de som behandlar personuppgifter och stärkta rättigheter för den enskilde individens personliga integritet. Förändring är ett återkommande element i organisationslivet och hur dessa hanteras är avgörande för företagets framtid. Studien ämnar att undersöka hur ett förändringsarbete hos företag kan genomföras i samband med införandet av den nya dataskyddsförordningen och hur de säkerställer att förändringarna efterlevs. Datainsamlingen har genererat kvalitativ data och resultatet visar att det är en omfattande omställning för företag oavsett storlek. Företag har ett iterativt tillvägagångssätt i förändringsarbetet och flera förändringar har behövts genomföras för att uppfylla lagen. För att säkerställa en efterlevnad har företag varit noggranna med att skapa en medvetenhet om lagen, utbilda samtliga anställda inom företag och hjälpt till att applicera kunskapen på det vardagliga arbetet. Dock finns det brister företag kan behöva arbeta på vilket innefattar att motivera anställda till att följa förändringar och använda förstärkning för att undvika att de återgår till gamla arbetssätt.
19
Navrouzoglou, Polmia. "Aspects of compliance in common pool resources". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/14765.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
There is an inherent externality across generations in environmental economics: extensive use of the natural environment by the current generation may affect the welfare of future generations. The use of the natural environment includes not only the reduction of resource stocks, like fossil fuels and rain forests, but also the accumulation of pollution stocks. Efficient policy directed to changing the resource extraction and pollution profiles needs to take into account the internal and external forces driving resource markets and their impacts on the aggregate economy. But compliance to these measures is not warranted unless there is an implicit or explicit (or both) enforcement mechanism in place. The traditional approach to discuss the optimal centralized exploitation policy has been to assume that individuals are narrowly self-interested. Empirical evidence suggests, however, that individuals’ characteristics (heterogeneity) play a key role in resolving collective action problems. Chapter 1 develops a dynamic model of common renewable resources management where a centralized mechanism works together with a self-enforcement one—guided by social norms—to form an institution. The results provide a theoretical explanation for the evidence of why economies with abundance of resource stocks may not improve their institutions while others with scarcity of resource stocks may do. Institutional context is likely to determine the impact of trade liberalization on welfare and resource conservation. Chapter 2 follows the recent literature on trade and endogenously determined institution to investigate this link further. It combines a common renewable resource model with elements of moral hazard and identifies conditions under which countries escape the ‘tragedy of commons’. It shows that country characteristics and technologies in alternative sources of income determine how centralized institutions perform and whether there are gains 2 from trade. A key issue underlying global environmental protection is that international trade puts downward pressure on countries’ environmental standards. Chapter 3 explores—within an imperfectly competitive environment—the welfare implications of taxation when production causes environmental pollution (a global public bad) under two tax principles, ‘destination’ and ‘origin’. It shows that the noncooperative environmental tax policy does not always give rise to taxes that are too low in equilibrium, from welfare point of view, and identifies conditions under which the presence of a global public bad tilts the welfare comparison towards, interestingly, either tax principle.
20
Portner, Laura Collier. "Observed Parenting Aspects of Child Compliance in Custodial Grandfamilies". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc862834/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Custodial grandmothers and grandchild (aged 4 to 12) dyads (N = 170) completed self-report, other-report, and an observational task that captured child HI, expressive social support, and custodial grandmother-grandchild compliance variables. A multivariate analysis of covariance tested differences between high and low hyperactivity-inattention on observed parenting variables while controlling for child age. While overall results were not significant, there were significant differences between child age and observed parenting variables. A hierarchical regression model revealed that, when controlling for age, child hyperactivity-inattention does not moderate the relationship between commands given by a custodial grandmother and child compliance, but revealed that direct commands from the grandmother predicted compliance. A second hierarchical regression model suggested that encouragement and praise (versus criticism and discouragement) from a grandmother moderated the relationship between grandmother commands and child compliance, when controlling for child age. It appeared that when grandmothers gave indirect commands more frequently, encouragement and praise instead of criticism was associated with greater compliance. In dyads with frequent direct commands given, compliance was high, however dyads who scored high in direct commands with criticism and discouragement were most likely to comply. This study adds to the literature by providing insight into the challenges and strengths for this unique, growing population.
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Sigala, Maria. "Tax compliance and social influence". Thesis, University of Exeter, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302572.
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22
Borzino, Natalia. "Networks, social information and compliance". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2016. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/64224/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The work developed in my PhD on “Networks, Social Information and Compliance” focuses on compliance (voluntary and non), diffusion of information and spillovers in diverse network structures. More specifically, we test experimentally how minimal social information is diffused through different network structures and its role on increasing the level of efficiency along with its positive effect on voluntary compliance of emergent social norms and tax compliance. In the first two chapters, we implement a networked version of the trust game with two senders and one receiver. We manipulate in a minimal way the social information available in the network and, the novelty of our work consists in the introduction of non-binding suggestion about the level of trust and trustworthiness, which is totally fair and (partially) efficient. It is also manipulated in the two studies the selection mechanism of the roles in the game by introducing social status. Our findings suggest that social information has a positive and significant effect on increasing the level of trust in the network. The non-binding suggestion has also a positive and significant effect on individual decisions. In the last chapter, we study in a laboratory experiment how tax compliance information is diffused in a fixed-six-nodes circle network. The game has four information conditions: No Info, Full Info, Positive Info and Negative Info. In the No info treatment, subjects get individual information about whether they were audited, the outcome of it and her final payoff. In the Positive Info (Negative Info) treatment, participants get information whether adjacent connected nodes were audited and found compliant (noncompliant). In the Full Info, participants get both positive and negative signals. We control for the effect of signals on participants’ beliefs on the ex-ante fixed and unknown audit probability by an incentive compatible mechanism. The tax rate and fine rate are fixed and known by the subjects. Our findings suggest that positive and negative signals have a significant effect in the levels of reporting and compliance at individual level. Indeed, diffusion of non-strong negative signal (one bad example) has a negative effect on individuals’ tax compliance. The diffusion of strong positive signals (two good examples) is required to generate any increase in compliance decisions within networks.
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Swartz, Erik. "Mänskligt beteende - ett ofrånkomligt hot mot informationssäkerhet?" Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för informationsteknologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-44967.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Information har idag kommit att bli så viktigt att det av många aktörer kallas för den nya digitala oljan, och med anledning av just detta är information idag en av de främsta tillgångar en organisation kan besitta. För att skydda informationen lägger organisationer massiva summor pengar på tekniska och fysiska åtgärder. Tillsammans med dessa åtgärder utfärdas även interna bestämmelser och riktlinjer för hur IT-system och information får eller inte får hanteras. Trots detta sker både intrång och andra säkerhetsrelaterade incidenter som kan härledas till mänskligt felaktigt beteende, eller den så kallade mänsklig faktorn. I den här uppsatsen har därför författaren gjort en djupdykning i ämnet för att studera vilka samband som kan finnas mellan beteendevetenskapliga teorier och efterlevnad av informationssäkerhet. Med kvalitativa metoder har bland annat litteraturstudier genomförts för att ta reda på vilka teorier som är mest relevanta i sammanhanget. Intervjuer har sedan nyttjats för att bredda författarens uppfattning om vilka faktorer som kan påverka mänskligt beteende. De personer som intervjuats har bland varit yrkesverksamma som säkerhetschefer, säkerhetskyddshandläggare och ledande forskare inom det specifika området.
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Chizanga, Tongai Aldridge. "The impact of HAART on sexuality and medicine taking behaviours among people living with HIV/AIDS in Grahamstown". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003228.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introduction: Adherence to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) is critical for optimal therapeutic outcomes. A possible factor in adherence is the impact of HAART on sexual functioning. Methods: A mixed methods approach was used. A cohort of 14 people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Grahamstown was identified. Two semi-structured interviews and two structured questionnaires were administered. In-depth interviews were conducted with two HIV counsellors in so as to obtain a different perspective on the topics. The theoretical framework used three health behaviour models: the Health Belief Model, Leventhal‘s Common-Sense Model of self regulation and the Transtheoretical model. Results: The participants were between 27 and 49 years old and had been on HAART for between 9 months and 10 years. Six participants were support staff members from Rhodes University and eight from the Raphael Centre – a local NGO which assists PLWHA.In most of the participants HAART was associated with increased libido and improved sexual functioning (sexual activity and sexual enjoyment). The use of alcohol increased risky sexual behaviour. Issues of adherence were seemingly not directly affected by the effects of HAART on sexuality. PLWHA, especially women, face challenges related to their sexuality, some of which are not directly related to their illness and treatment. The fear of transmitting drug resistant HIV or getting re-infected, stigma, disclosure issues,difficulties negotiating for safe sex among women, HAART-related lipodystrophic changes that affect one‘s sense of self and unmet reproductive needs are some of the problems that were reported. The men‘s dislike for condoms was overt and blatant. Discussion: Being diagnosed with HIV and reaching a point where treatment is requiredare life-changing events. Making decisions about one‘s life (including adherence to HAART, alcohol use and knowingly partaking in risky sexual encounters) become all the more significant in the context of AIDS. Intentional non-adherence is informed by the individual‘s assessment of the costs and benefits of taking treatment. Cultural influences,gendered power relations and misconceptions strongly influence sexual behaviours. Conclusion: The general lack of attention among health care providers concerning issues related to PLWHA‘s sexuality and reproductive issues needs to be addressed. Insights fromthe theoretical models should be integrated with empirical findings in designing adherence interventions.
25
Callister, Graeme. "Compliance, compulsion and contest : aspects of military conscription in South Africa, 1952-1992". Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/596.
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OLIVAS, GUADALUPE SOTO. "HEALTH MOTIVATION: ITS COMPONENTS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIPS WITH COMPLIANCE AMONG HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/183778.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This descriptive, correlational designed study was concerned with noncompliance with therapeutic regimens, a pervasive clinical problem which is confounded with the lack of a strong link among theory, research and practice. The focus was on one of the constructs included the Reciprocal Interaction Model of Compliance Behaviors, which was derived using a modified grounded theory methodology and following various theory building prescriptions. The overall purpose was to begin to evaluate the goodness-of-fit of this empirically, qualitatively and retroductively generated explanation of compliance behaviors. The specific aims were to develop, refine and test a 6-point response, 64-item Likert-type instrument, Olivas' Health Motivation Scale - OHMS, that adequately measures the construct, Health Motivation: the force within the patient which is developed as he/she gains experience with his/her illness as a function of time. It has two major dimensions: expectations and values. Health Motivation as indexed by an expectations/values interaction was predicted to impact compliance as measured by dietary and medication measures, both objective and subjective estimates. Using trait and nomological construct perspectives, the OHMS was systematically evaluated by internal and external association criteria and therefore validity and reliability estimates, with a purposive sample of 84 heterogeneous hemodialysis patients who represented two cultures (Anglo and Hispanic), varying in gender, age and length in hemodialysis. Internal consistency reliability and trait construct validity were derived through Cronbach's alpha and principal components factor analysis. Refined OHMS Scales had alphas and thetas ranging from .58 to .89. Explained scale variance ranged from .54 to .84. Epistemic coefficients, the validity links between concept and operational measures, ranged from .76 to .94. Internal validity of the design, estimated through multiple regression, was concluded to be satisfactory. External association assessment via multiple regression produced mixed findings. Select expectations, in linear combination with select values, explained varying degrees of the variance, in select compliance measures, R² = .11 to .44. Through empirical modeling via path analysis, select subject characteristics (ethnicity, length on dialysis, age) were found to have direct or indirect relationships with compliance. Theory, research, and practice based limitations and recommendations were made from the results of the study. (Abstract shortened with permission of author.)
27
Scott, Gregory Brian. "Permeability of Selves and Compliance with Therapeutic Homework". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1988. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500285/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A model of the person as a "community of selves" was used to investigate how adopting the perspective of different selves influenced anticipated compliance with therapy homework designed to decrease academic procrastination. A model of resistance to change derived from personal construct theory was used to predict which selves subjects would tend to see as more likely to take on the role of carrying out the homework. Focusing on different selves was found to influence anticipated compliance, and the model of resistance to change was partially successful in predicting which selves would be seen as more likely to carry out the homework. Implications for therapy and research are discussed within the framework of a model of first and second order change.
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Pitz, M. Diane. "ASSESSMENT OF PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS RELATED TO SELF-CARE BEHAVIORS AND GLYCEMIC CONTROL IN TYPE II DIABETES". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276551.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The relationships among psychosocial variables, adherence with self-care behaviors, and glycemic control in 90 men with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) were investigated. Patients completed the Basic Personality Inventory, Social Support Questionnaire, and Magnitude Estimation Inventory. Adherence scores were based on self-reports of adherence with six criteria congruent with satisfactory metabolic control. Glycemic control was measured by Glycosylated Hemoglobin (GHb) analyses. Results revealed no differences between diabetics and non-diabetic comparisons on dimensions of personality. There were differences between the non-adherent and self-reported adherent diabetics on three personality dimensions, ratings of satisfaction with social support, and items on the MEI. GHb was not systematically related to dimensions of personality, adherence, or social support. Implications for treatment were discussed and recommendations for the use of multiple measures for assessing adherence were made.
29
RABASCO, MICHELE. "ESSAYS ON TAX COMPLIANCE". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/83513.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Questa tesi è composta da due saggi indipendenti.
Il saggio presentato nel Capitolo 1 studia la conformità fiscale all'interno di un modello basato su agenti. Il modello è progettato tenendo conto di una serie di regole fiscali in vigore in Italia e calibrato con micro-dati forniti dall'autorità fiscale italiana.
I risultati delle simulazioni mostrano che, considerando livelli di deterrenza realistici, agenti strettamente razionali generano un livello (medio) di non conformità fiscale sostanzialmente superiore a quello suggerito dai dati empirici.
Quando includiamo nel processo decisionale dell’agente il calcolo e l’aggiornamento della probabilità soggettiva di subire un controllo, così come l’attitudine alla conformità sociale e gli effetti di rete, il modello fornisce risultati maggiormente in linea con l'evidenza empirica.
Il saggio presentato nel Capitolo 2 impiega diverse tecniche di apprendimento automatico, con l'obiettivo di identificare quei contribuenti che hanno maggiore probabilità di aumentare l’importo della loro dichiarazione dei redditi dopo essere stati controllati dall'autorità fiscale.
Tra i metodi impiegati, la foresta casuale ha garantito la maggiore accuratezza predittiva.
Per valutare l'utilità pratica del nostro approccio, calcoliamo l'aumento del reddito netto riportato dai contribuenti identificati dal modello random forest.
Troviamo che, in media, questo aumento è significativo rispetto alla media di tutti i contribuenti ispezionati.
Riteniamo, dunque, che il nostro approccio possa rivelarsi uno strumento utile al fine di individuare e selezionare quei contribuenti che hanno una maggiore probabilità di dichiarare un reddito più alto in seguito ad un controllo, consentendo, quindi, una migliore allocazione delle - tipicamente scarse - risorse finanziarie a disposizione dell’autorità fiscale nell'ambito della sua attività ordinaria di controllo.The essay presented in Chapter 1 studies tax compliance within an agent-based framework. The model is designed according to a set of normative taxing rules for the Italian case and calibrated with micro-data provided by the Italian tax authority. Simulation results show that, under realistic deterrence levels, strict rational agents generate a (average) level of tax noncompliance substantially higher than that suggested by the empirical data. When subjective audit probability computing and updating as well as social conformity attitude and network effects are included in the decision process, the model provides results more in line with the empirical evidence. The essay presented in Chapter 2 employs several machine learning techniques, with the aim to identify those taxpayers who are more likely to increase their net income declarations after being audited by the tax authority. Among the employed methods, random forest guaranteed higher predictive accuracy. In order to assess the practical utility of our approach, we compute the reported net income increase by taxpayers identified through the random forest model. We find that, on average, this increase is significant compared to the average of all the inspected taxpayers. We believe that our approach could prove a useful tool in order to identify and select those taxpayers who are more likely to increase the income reporting after an audit, therefore allowing for a better allocation of the – typically scarce – financial resources available to the tax authority for its ordinary auditing activities.
30
Vadher, Atul. "Patient treatment compliance in leprosy : a social psychological perspective". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303622.
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31
Adams, Caroline Jane. "VAT compliance in small businesses : a social psychological perspective". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2002. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251098.
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32
Filcheck, Holly A. "Aspects of attention that affect compliance and general behavior in disruptive and typical children". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1326.
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33
Blom, Johannes. "Aspects of participation in sigmoidoscopy screening for colorectal cancer /". Stockholm, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-187-6/.
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34
Tumelo, Sylvia Mmamoseka 1953. "COMPLIANCE AND FAMILY INVOLVEMENT WITH TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS IN BOTSWANA". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275566.
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35
周滿英 e Mun-ying Chow. "Compliance with ethics committee operational guidelines in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31970473.
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36
Pasvogel, Alice Eleanor. "The relationship between health expectations and compliance among cardiac rehabilitation participants". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276879.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of this study was to describe the relationship between health expectations and compliance in persons who were attending a cardiac rehabilitation program. Three subscales of the Olivas Health Motivation Scale were administered to a convenience sample of 23 subjects at two points in time: at the beginning and at the completion of the prescribed sessions. A significant relationship was found between Stimulus Outcome Expectations and the duration of exercise at the beginning of the cardiac rehabilitation sessions (r = -.51, p =.02). The relationship between Regimen Efficacy Expectations and the duration of exercise was also found to be significant at the beginning of the sessions (r = -.40, p =.05). There was no significant relationship between health expectations and compliance at the completion of the sessions. One measure of health expectations, Stimulus Outcome Expectations (F = 10.11, p =.01), and two measures of compliance, duration of exercise (F = 406.45, p =.00) and metabolic equivalents (F = 74.14, p =.00), were significantly different between the beginning and the completion of cardiac rehabilitation.
37
Murray, Shanna L. "PATIENT ADHERENCE TO A CANCER THERAPY REGIMEN: ITS BEHAVIORAL ASPECTS AND VARIABLES RELATED TO ADHERENCE". Connect to this title online, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1137178439.
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Marteinsdóttir, Ína. "Aspects of Social Phobia". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Neuroscience, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3323.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Social phobia is a disabling, lifelong disorder characterised by fear in social settings.
The aim of the present study was to gain more knowledge about diagnostic, neurobiologic and epidemiologic aspects of social phobia.
Thirty-two individuals were assessed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I and II psychiatric disorders, the Karolinska Scales of Personality and the Temperament and Character Inventory. Social phobia was accompanied by concurrent axis I disorders in about 28% of individuals, lifetime axis I disorders in 54%, personality disorders in 60%, and avoidant personality disorder (APD) in 47%. This suggests that there is a high comorbidity between social phobia and APD according to the DSM-IV criteria. The personality profiles associated with social phobia were dominated by anxiety-related traits that were primarily related to social phobia itself and not to the presence of concurrent personality disorders.
Eighteen subjects with social phobia and eighteen controls were investigated with positron emission tomography and the radiolabeled serotonin precursor, [3 -11C]–5-HTP (5-HTP). Individuals with social phobia demonstrated proportionally lower regional relative whole brain accumulation of 5-HTP in areas of the frontal and temporal cortices as well as the striatum, but higher accumulation in the cerebellum. This suggests that there are imbalances in presynaptic serotonin function in individuals with social phobia, although this could only be confirmed in men, and not in women.
By means of a postal survey, distributed to 2000 randomly selected individuals, social phobia in Sweden was found to be common, with a point prevalence of 15.6%.
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Marteinsdóttir, Ína. "Aspects of social phobia /". Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3323.
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40
Taylor, Michelle D. "Assessment of coping in adults with type 1 diabetes". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8975.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The development of Type 1 diabetes has a profound impact on many aspects of everyday life, health and well-being. In this thesis the literature relevant to different aspects coping with Type 1 diabetes is reviewed. The research described in the thesis includes (i) a prospective assessment of how psychosocial factors affect diabetes-related outcomes in adults following the onset of Type 1 diabetes, (ii) qualitative analysis of interviews that were conducted to explore the patient's perspective of what it means to cope with diabetes, and (iii) the development, pilot testing, and subsequent partial validation of a diabetes-specific questionnaire. The Edinburgh Prospective Diabetes Study examines the relationships between psychosocial variables recorded at diagnosis and diabetes related outcomes recorded at four months (n = 69), 12 months (n = 65), 24 months (n = 56) and 36 months (n = 40) after diagnosis. The results showed that individuals who had a lower socio-economic status had consistently poorer glycaemic control at 24 months (p < 0.001) and at 36 months (p < 0.01) after diagnosis. Diabetes knowledge at four months after diagnosis was a significant predictor of glycaemic control at 12 months (r= 0.35, p < 0.01) and at 36 months after diagnosis (r = 0.35, p < 0.05). In adults, self-reported outcomes were significantly predicted by longstanding psychological (e.g. personality traits) and social factors (e.g. quality of life). There was some evidence to suggest that coping strategies have an intermediate position between psychosocial factors and diabetes-related outcomes. The results and their implications for future research are discussed in terms of existing theories of coping. To date there are few psychometrically sound instruments capable of assessing how well a person is coping with their diabetes. With this in mind, the present research was undertaken to develop a new diabetes self-report measure termed the Diabetes Impact, Adjustment and Lifestyle Scales (DIALS). The development, pilot testing and partial validation of the DIALS are described. Semi-structured interviews (n = 1 0) were conducted to explore the patients' descriptions of their adjustment to diabetes and the impact that diabetes has on aspects of their daily life. A grounded theory approach (Strauss, 1987) was adopted to analyse the data. Several domains were established, from which items were generated. Two studies, a small pilot study (n =57), and a large cross-sectional validation study (n = 246) were carried out to establish the underlying structure, internal consistency, partial validity, and stability of the DIALS. Principal components analysis of the DIALS identified five dimensions: Impact, Adherence, Information-seeking, Fear of complications and Diabetes-related distress. Overall, the results suggest that the DIALS is a valid, reliable and stable indicator of coping in adults with Type 1 diabetes. A hierarchal model of causal relationships between psychological constructs (i.e. personality traits and illness-related coping constructs) and the DIALS was formulated and tested formally using Structural Equation Modelling. There was considerable overlap in the constructs, with evidence for two latent variables relating to 'emotionoriented' and 'task-oriented coping'. In summary, coping variables may be important mediators in the link between antecedent variables such as longstanding character traits (e.g. personality) and self-reported outcomes of diabetes.
41
Brisson, Julie. "Civil aviation safety in Russia: the state of compliance". Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=104674.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Considering that civil aviation safety is one of the most important elements in all aviation-related activities, this thesis presents the state of compliance of aviation safety in the Russian Federation. In the former Soviet Union, the authorities made sure that the rest of the world knew that its territory was impenetrable. In the 1980s, their attack on the civilian flight KE 007 of the Korean Airlines, which lead to the crash of the aircraft and the death of innocent civilian passengers, demonstrated that when it came to guarding their territory, they showed little concern for the lives of innocent civilians. The first chapter focuses on how the Russian Federation managed the necessary transition from the Soviet-era system to a modernized aviation system with the objective of ensuring aviation safety. The second chapter presents the development of the ICAO Universal Safety Oversight Audit Programme since the 1990s and details the compliance of Russian air law with international standards and recommended practices related to aviation safety. The last chapter highlights the necessity for the European Union and Russia to have working arrangements to conduct safety assessments of foreign aircraft to ensure aviation safety. This chapter also highlights the advantages of concluding comprehensive air transport agreements between them to harmonize their aviation relations and to solve pending issues, such as improving market opportunities for both sides, compliance with Community law by including an EU Community carrier clauses in bilateral agreements with Russia, and implementation of a phase-out of trans-Siberian overflight payments.Considering that civil aviation safety is one of the most important elements in all aviation-related activities, this thesis presents the state of compliance of aviation safety in the Russian Federation. In the former Soviet Union, the authorities made sure that the rest of the world knew that its territory was impenetrable. In the 1980s, their attack on the civilian flight KE 007 of the Korean Airlines, which lead to the crash of the aircraft and the death of innocent civilian passengers, demonstrated that when it came to guarding their territory, they showed little concern for the lives of innocent civilians. The first chapter focuses on how the Russian Federation managed the necessary transition from the Soviet-era system to a modernized aviation system with the objective of ensuring aviation safety. The second chapter presents the development of the ICAO Universal Safety Oversight Audit Programme since the 1990s and details the compliance of Russian air law with international standards and recommended practices related to aviation safety. The last chapter highlights the necessity for the European Union and Russia to have working arrangements to conduct safety assessments of foreign aircraft to ensure aviation safety. This chapter also highlights the advantages of concluding comprehensive air transport agreements between them to harmonize their aviation relations and to solve pending issues, such as improving market opportunities for both sides, compliance with Community law by including an EU Community carrier clauses in bilateral agreements with Russia, and implementation of a phase-out of trans-Siberian overflight payments.
42
Niza, Claudia. "The impact of patient financial incentives to promote blood donation and compliance with health care". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2014. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/926/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of this thesis is to examine the impact of financial incentives to promote health behaviour change. Financial incentives include tangible rewards as cash, vouchers and lotteries that are offered to individuals conditional to the fulfilment of health guidelines. Despite the growing use of such patient incentives in practice, some fundamental questions are yet to be answered: (1) Are financial incentives effective? (2) What type and size of incentive is more effective? (3) Do patient income and past health behaviour moderate the impact of incentives? These questions are analysed in the context of (a) blood donation and (b) compliance with health care including adherence to treatment, disease screening, immunisation and appointment keeping. Behavioural economics, in particular prospect theory, provide the theoretical foundations for this work and substantiate my hypotheses about the effect of financial incentives. I perform the first meta-analyses in the literature to quantify the impact of patient financial incentives to promote blood donation (chapter 3) and compliance (chapter 4). These results show that financial incentives do not promote blood donation but increase compliance with health care, particularly for low income patients. Two large field studies were developed to further examine the effect of incentives in compliance - testing pioneer incentive schemes. I test the impact of a certain (£5 voucher) versus uncertain (£200 lottery) incentive framed either as a gain or loss to promote Chlamydia screening (chapter 5). I also develop the first study ever testing preferences for sequences of events in the field – using the naturalistic setting of colorectal cancer. This study compared the effect of a €10 incentive offered at the end of screening versus two €5 incentives offered at the beginning and end of screening (chapter 6). The former showed the voucher framed as a gain was the most effective incentive and the latter showed that smaller two €5 incentives increase screening more than a single €10 incentive (which had a detrimental effect compared to no incentive). I fundamentally contribute to the literature by showing that (i) patient financial incentives do not increase the quantity of blood donations and may have an adverse effect on quality, providing empirical evidence to a long-standing policy debate. Furthermore (ii) small certain rewards around £5 are likely to be the optimal incentive for compliance with health care, (iii) higher incentives may be more effective if offered as smaller segregated incentives of the same amount and (iv) incentives have over twice the impact on low income patients than on more affluent patients.
43
Wilson, John Kyle. "Essays in public policy : rent seeking, compliance and indirect lobbying /". Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw7463.pdf.
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Ashmore, Jamile Abraham. "Predicting medication compliance in asthma sufferers". Scholarly Commons, 1998. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2712.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Asthma is a prevalent, costly, and potentially deadly disease. Despite advances in the pharmacological treatment of asthma, many asthma sufferers do not benefit from their medication the way they should because they fail to take it as prescribed. The noncompliance rate for asthma is about 30% to 40%. In this study, I describe the theoretical and practical rationale for, as well as the development of, a brief self-report measure (called the Multidimensional Asthma Questionnaire $\{$MAQ$\}$) for assessing medication compliance in asthma sufferers. Results of the study showed that the MAQ had adequate internal validity and a four factor structure that was designated belief, threat, use, and knowledge respectively. Although it was hypothesized that scores on the MAQ would correlate positively with an independent measure of compliance that was based on pharmacists' medication refill records, this hypothesis was not supported. Neither the MAQ, nor two other measures for assessing the attitudes and beliefs of asthma patients, had any relationship to medication compliance as estimated by pharmacists' refill records. In fact, when scores on the three questionnaires were entered into a multiple regression analysis, the results showed that minimal patient identifying information (gender, marital status, and SES) did a better job of predicting compliance. These results underscore the complexities of accurately assessing and measuring compliance in asthma sufferers. Suggestions for future research are described.
45
Fent, Darla. "An Examination Of The Variation In Information Systems Project Cost Estimates: The Case Of Year 2000 Compliance Projects". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2535/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The year 2000 (Y2K) problem presented a fortuitous opportunity to explore the relationship between estimated costs of software projects and five cost influence dimensions described by the Year 2000 Enterprise Cost Model (Kappelman, et al., 1998) -- organization, problem, solution, resources, and stage of completion. This research was a field study survey of (Y2K) project managers in industry, government, and education and part of a joint project that began in 1996 between the University of North Texas and the Y2K Working Group of the Society for Information Management (SIM).
Evidence was found to support relationships between estimated costs and organization, problem, resources, and project stage but not for the solution dimension. Project stage appears to moderate the relationships for organization, particularly IS practices, and resources. A history of superior IS practices appears to mean lower estimated costs, especially for projects in larger IS organizations. Acquiring resources, especially external skills, appears to increase costs. Moreover, projects apparently have many individual differences, many related to size and to project stage, and their influences on costs appear to be at the sub-dimension or even the individual variable level. A Revised Year 2000 Enterprise Model is presented incorporating this granularity.
Two primary conclusions can be drawn from this research: (1) large software projects are very complex and thus cost estimating is also; and (2) the devil of cost estimating is in the details of knowing which of the many possible variables are the important ones for each particular enterprise and project. This points to the importance of organizations keeping software project metrics and the historical calibration of cost-estimating practices. Project managers must understand the relevant details and their interaction and importance in order to successfully develop a cost estimate for a particular project, even when rational cost models are used. This research also indicates that software cost estimating has political as well as rational influences at play.
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Jimenez, Peggy D. "Tax Compliance in a Social Setting: the Influence of Norms, Perceptions of Fairness, and Trust in Government on Taxpayer Compliance". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc283805/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Many taxing authorities, including those in the United States (U.S.), rely on voluntary tax compliance and continually search for ways to increase tax revenues. Most of these methods are costly and labor intensive, such as audits and penalties for noncompliance. Prior tax compliance research has heavily investigated the influence that economic factors, such as tax rates and penalties, have on individual compliance intentions. However, economic models fail to fully predict individual tax compliance. Psychology literature suggests that social factors may also play an important role in individual tax compliance decisions. The purpose of this study is to examine the influence that social and psychological factors have on individuals' tax compliance intentions. Specifically, a model of taxpayer compliance is hypothesized that suggests that norms, perceived fairness of the tax system, and trust in government have a significant influence on compliance intentions. Results of a survey of 217 U.S. taxpayers found support for the influence of social factors on tax compliance. This research concludes that social norms have an indirect influence on compliance intentions through internalization as personal norms. Specifically, as the strength of social norms in favor of tax compliance increase, personal norms of tax compliance also increase, and this leads to a subsequent increase in compliance intentions. This dissertation also finds that trust in government and the perceived fairness of the tax system have a significant influence on compliance intentions. Supplemental analyses indicate that trust in government fully mediates the relationship between perceived fairness of the tax system and compliance intentions. This research offers several contributions to accounting literature and provides valuable insight for taxing authorities. First, this study examines taxpayer compliance from a psychological, rather than an economics driven, perspective. The suggested model of taxpayer compliance posits that social norms have a significant influence on compliance intentions. This information may help taxing authorities develop less costly and more effective strategies for increasing taxpayer compliance. This study also examines the influence that perceived fairness of the tax system has on compliance intentions. This is a widely debated topic in the media and social settings and may have a particularly strong influence on compliance intentions during these times of political and social arguments regarding tax equity. Finally, trust in government around the world has seen a continual decline. The results indicate that decreased trust in government and decreased perceived fairness of the tax system lead to decreased intention to comply with tax laws. Such information may help governments understand actions they can take to improve tax compliance.
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Hauck, Maria. "Rethinking small-scale fisheries compliance : from criminal justice to social justice". Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6067.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (p. 226-252).
Fisheries compliance theory has evolved over the past two decades in an attempt to understand the factors that influence fishers’ behaviour and to develop appropriate strategies to enhance compliance. However, much of this research, which draws on both rationalist and normative perspectives, has largely focussed on the industrial fisheries. Empirical research on the small-scale fisheries sector, therefore, has been lacking. The overall aim of this thesis has been to develop a conceptual framework for understanding and addressing small-scale fisheries compliance by drawing on experiences in South Africa. This has been achieved through a detailed investigation of two small-scale fisheries case studies, as well as a review of the small-scale fisheries sector generally. The findings from this research have emphasised the need to rethink ourunderstanding of fisheries compliance in the small-scale sector. By drawing onempirical evidence, as well as the literature review, a conceptual framework has beendeveloped that enhances existing compliance theory. This study highlights that anunderstanding of compliance behaviour first requires a critical analysis of how lawhas evolved, its history and the power dynamics that have shaped it. The conceptualframework further emphasises the need to understand compliance within a fisherysystem, acknowledging that social, economic, institutional and biophysical factors allimpact on whether or not fishers’ comply with rules and laws. By applying theconceptual framework to two case studies in South Africa, key drivers that influencefisher behaviour over time are identified and changes within the fishery system areanalysed and documented. This thesis has also contributed to fisheries compliancetheory by identifying the underlying principles that are seen as necessary to guide an alternative and more integrated approach to small-scale fisheries compliance. In addition to the principles of legitimacy and deterrence, which are incorporated into existing theories of compliance, this study emphasises that the principle of social justice is required to develop a more holistic approach to understanding and addressing small-scale fisheries compliance. By embracing these principles, it is argued that fisheries policies will shift away from a sole reliance on criminal justice to achieve compliance, to a more integrated approach that aims to sustain the fishery system as a whole.
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Lam, Dominic Hung. "Social cognitive aspects of depression". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295141.
Testo completo
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Raabe, Isabel Jasmin. "Social aspects of educational inequality". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:484c79ff-93a6-41bb-96e7-d3045e48b98a.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Social factors have long been included in theories that aim at explaining educational inequality, for example social integration or social influence from significant others. Using social network data from the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Survey in Four European Countries (CILS4EU), I am investigating to what extent social aspects can contribute to our understanding of ethnic and gendered patterns in educational inequality. The first two empirical chapters focus on explaining ethnic patterns in school grades and in the aspirations to attend university. In these, I find a positive relationship between low school grades and extent of social exclusion, measured through the absence of friendships and the existence of social rejection from classmates. This helps explaining ethnic grade disadvantages of recently arrived migrants, since they are more likely to be socially excluded. Further, I use friendship network data to detect social clusters within school classes, and find that changes in cluster members' aspirations are relatively more important for changes in individual aspirations than the corresponding changes of classmates outside of the social cluster. These chapters use an ego-centric network approach, i.e. they utilise social network data to capture characteristics of the social dimension around individuals and analyse them in regression models on the individual level. The latter two empirical chapters investigate how social influence can stabilise gendered patterns of favourite subjects and competence beliefs. Examining why girls get discouraged from subjects in the field of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Maths (STEM), I find evidence for influence from friends on favourite subjects, as well as for the tendency of girls to be affected by the preferences of other girls in the classroom specifically when it comes to preferences for STEM subjects. Moreover, I show that there is a social influence from friends on maths competence beliefs, especially for boys, while girls tend to be more influenced by maths grades. These two chapters take a socio-centric approach, i.e. they deploy complete network analysis to detect patterns of social influence, while accounting for network structures and processes. This thesis shows that social aspects can contribute valuable insights into the study of educational choice and attainment. In identifying concrete social mechanisms surrounding and affecting individuals, this approach can thus help us understand how differences in educational outcomes come about.
50
Sooy, Matthew T. "How The Prospect of Fault Influences Managers' Compliance". UKnowledge, 2016. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/accountancy_etds/5.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The SEC relies heavily on ‘no-fault’ settlements in its enforcement, where targets avoid costly litigation by accepting sanctions without admitting or denying fault. This policy is argued to enable the agency to pursue greater numbers of violators. However, opponents argue that no-fault sanctions may be less effective, reducing fines to a ‘cost of business’. In an experiment, I examine the effects of fault assignment on managers’ cost perceptions, ethical framing and compliance. I manipulate the presence of fault assignment in prospective sanctions, and additionally manipulate sanction strength and sanction target - attributes that commonly vary in sanctions and which may interact with fault assignment. I find that all manipulated sanction attributes increase managers’ cost perceptions, and that managers’ cost perceptions are associated with greater compliance frequency and compliance quality. I also find that managers facing fault assignment in manager-targeted sanction conditions perceive their compliance differently – as an ethical, rather than economic choice. Consequently, these managers comply more frequently with costly regulations and select higher quality compliance than do managers in manager-targeted no-fault conditions. Targeting firms with sanctions also increases managers’ ethical perceptions, but adding fault to firm-targeted sanctions does not further increase ethical perceptions or compliance. My findings are consistent with sanctions facilitating greater ethical awareness and compliance when fault targets managers or when sanctions target firms, and with ethical awareness facilitating greater compliance. Supplementary analysis suggests that results are stronger among individuals high in ‘dark triad’ personality traits (narcissism, machiavellianism, and psychopathy), suggesting that findings generalize to subpopulations thought to be high in dark triad traits such as firm managers (O’Reilly et al. 2014).