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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Sodium dichromate"

Autore: Grafiati
Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021
Ultima modifica: 17 febbraio 2022

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1

Sharma, Sangita, Kinnari H. Parikh, Mahesh V. Kadia, Falguni D. Thakkar e Dhara D. Patel. "Polarization Studies on Inhibitory Effect of Chromates and Dichromates on Corrosion of Tin Coated Steel in 0.5M Monochloroacetic Acid". E-Journal of Chemistry 5, n. 2 (2008): 302–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/658706.

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Abstract (sommario):
Chromates and Dichromates have been tested for its inhibitory effects towards tin coated steel in 0.5M monochloroacetic acid. The corrosion behaviour of potassium chromate, sodium chromate, potassium dichromate, sodium dichromate and ammonium dichromate was studied by polarization curves, Tafel parameters like Tafel slopes, extrapolation of cathodic Tafel line and intersection of cathodic and anodic line at open circuit potential in presence of inhibitors have been tabulated along with other electrochemical parameters and corrosion current have been calculated from Tafel lines. The efficiencies are calculated and compared reasonably well with those obtained from loss in weight data. All the inhibitors induce a significant increase of potential positive and direction accounts for cathodic polarization. The Icorrhas also been calculated and that accounts well for cathodic reactions in presence of chromates and dichromates as inhibitors.
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2

Young, Jay A. "Sodium Dichromate Dihydrate". Journal of Chemical Education 80, n. 11 (novembre 2003): 1251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed080p1251.

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3

Vacek, Václav, e Vladimír Rod. "Diffusion coefficients of potassium chromate and dichromate in water at 25 °C". Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 51, n. 7 (1986): 1403–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19861403.

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Abstract (sommario):
The concentration dependences of diffusion coefficients of potassium chromate and dichromate in water at 25 °C were measured by using the Taylor technique of the concentration pulse dispersion in laminar flow of liquid. The results were compared with hitherto published mutually inconsistent data for potassium and sodium chromates and dichromates.
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4

Hfaiedh, Mbarka, Dalel Brahmi, Mohamed Nizar Zourgui e Lazhar Zourgui. "Phytochemical analysis and nephroprotective effect of cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) cladodes on sodium dichromate-induced kidney injury in rats". Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 44, n. 3 (marzo 2019): 239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2018-0184.

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Environmental and occupational exposure to chromium compounds, especially hexavalent chromium, is widely recognized as potentially nephrotoxic in humans and animals. The present study aimed to assess the efficacy of cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) against sodium dichromate-induced nephrotoxicity, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity. Cactus cladodes extract (CCE) was phytochemically studied and tested in vitro for its potential antioxidant activities. Additionally, the preventive effect of CCE against sodium dichromate-induced renal dysfunction in a Wistar rat model (24 rats) was evaluated. For this purpose, CCE at a dose of 100 mg/kg was orally administered, followed by 10 mg/kg sodium dichromate (intraperitoneal injection). After 40 days of treatment, the rats were sacrificed, and the kidneys were excised for histological, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzyme analyses. The phenol, flavonoid, tannin, ascorbic acid, and carotenoid contents of CCE were considered to be important. Our analyses showed that 1 mL of CCE was equivalent to 982.5 ± 1.79 μg of gallic acid, 294.37 ± 0.84 μg of rutin, 234.78 ± 0.24 μg of catechin, 204.34 ± 1.53 μg of ascorbic acid, and 3.14 ± 0.51 μg of β-carotene. In vivo, pretreatment with CCE was found to provide significant protection against sodium dichromate-induced nephrotoxicity by inhibiting lipid peroxidation, preserving normal antioxidant activities, and protecting renal tissues from lesions and DNA damage. The nephroprotective potential of CCE against sodium dichromate toxicity might be due to its antioxidant properties.
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5

Kim, Eun, e Ki Jung N.A. "Effect of sodium dichromate on carbohydrate metabolism". Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 110, n. 2 (settembre 1991): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0041-008x(05)80007-9.

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6

Furlow, Bryant. "KBR appeals $85 million sodium dichromate verdict". Lancet Respiratory Medicine 1, n. 8 (ottobre 2013): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2213-2600(13)70180-2.

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7

Steinhoff, D., Sh C. Gad, G. K. Hatfield e U. Mohr. "Carcinogenicity study with sodium dichromate in rats". Experimental pathology 30, n. 3 (gennaio 1986): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0232-1513(86)80085-8.

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8

Antonijević, M. M., e N. V. Pacović. "Investigation of molybdenite oxidation by sodium dichromate". Minerals Engineering 5, n. 2 (gennaio 1992): 223–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0892-6875(92)90044-a.

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9

Cemeli, Eduard, Ricard Marcos e Diana Anderson. "Genotoxic and antigenotoxic properties of selenium compounds in thein vitromicronucleus assay with human whole blood lymphocytes and tk6 lymphoblastoid cells". Scientific World JOURNAL 6 (2006): 1202–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2006.204.

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Selenium is known to possess both genotoxic and antigenotoxic properties. In the present study, we have evaluated the genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity of three selenium compounds (sodium selenate, sodium selenite and selenous acid) by measuring in vitro micronucleus induction. Assays were conducted in whole blood lymphocytes and in the TK6 lymphoblastoid cell line, with and without co-treatment with potassium dichromate, a known genotoxic compound. In general, the compounds were more active in TK6 cells than they were in blood lymphocytes. Only 1 μM selenous acid increased the frequency of binucleated cells containing micronuclei (BNMN) in blood lymphocytes, while all three selenium compounds increased BNMN in TK6 cells. In addition, combinations of selenous acid and potassium dichromate resulted in lower frequencies of BNMN than potassium dichromate alone in blood lymphocytes, while combinations of sodium selenate and potassium dichromate produced lower frequencies of BNMN than potassium dichromate alone in TK6 cells. The concentrations of selenium compounds that were used, in combination with the medium components and the biological physiology of the whole blood lymphocytes and TK6 cells, could have affected the redox potential of the compounds, switching the chemicals from a pro-oxidant to antioxidant status and vice-versa. The lower activities of the compounds in blood lymphocytes may be due to the protective effects of blood components. The results indicate that the genotoxic and antigenotoxic properties of selenium compounds are highly dependent upon the conditions under which they are evaluated.
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10

Ke, Bao Lin, e Jian Hua Chen. "Research on the Role of Pre-Oxidation in the Separation of Cu-Pb in the Presence of Potassium Dichromate". Advanced Materials Research 402 (novembre 2011): 526–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.402.526.

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It is the most effective method to use potassium dichromate to separate copper from lead when galena is oxidized. However, it needs long time to oxidize galena by potassium dichromate. The efficiency of five oxidants on potassium dichromate depressing ability to galena have been studied completely in this paper, and results suggest that separation of Cu-Pb can be carried out effectively in short time in the presence of potassium dichromate when galena is pre-oxidized by oxidants. Sodium hypochlorite is the best oxidant, and after the interaction of 15 min., the grade and the recovery of copper concentrate are 24.02% and 81.93% respectively, and the grade and the recovery of lead concentrate are 17.88% and 84.98% respectively.
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11

Kim, Eun, e Ki Jung Na. "Acute toxic effect of sodium dichromate on metabolism". Archives of Toxicology 64, n. 8 (novembre 1990): 644–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01974692.

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12

Stephens, John F., H. Meng Leow, Trevor D. Gilbert e R. Paul Philp. "Aqueous sodium dichromate oxidation of Australian vitrinite concentrates". Fuel 64, n. 11 (novembre 1985): 1531–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(85)90368-0.

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13

Junbo, Zhou, Hao Shan, Huang Wenjia, Mu Xiusong, Yang Jianfeng e Liu Wenbin. "Recycling sodium dichromate in sodium chlorate crystallization mother liquor by nanofiltration membrane". Scientific Research and Essays 9, n. 12 (30 giugno 2014): 581–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/sre2014.5981.

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14

Appenroth, D., e H. Bräunlich. "Age dependent differences in sodium dichromate nephrotoxicity in rats". Experimental pathology 33, n. 3 (gennaio 1988): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0232-1513(88)80065-3.

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15

Asakai, Toshiaki, e Akiharu Hioki. "Reliability in standardization of sodium thiosulfate with potassium dichromate". Microchemical Journal 123 (novembre 2015): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2015.05.012.

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16

Lou, Ji-Dong, Chun-Ling Gao, Yi-Chun Ma, Li-Hong Huang e Li Li. "Shaken not stirred; oxidation of alcohols with sodium dichromate". Tetrahedron Letters 47, n. 3 (gennaio 2006): 311–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.11.024.

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17

Ruiz, M. C., e R. Padilla. "Copper removal from molybdenite concentrate by sodium dichromate leaching". Hydrometallurgy 48, n. 3 (maggio 1998): 313–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-386x(98)00006-1.

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18

Zhou, Junbo, Sujuan Pan, Shufen Guo e Liping Gao. "Recovery of Sodium Dichromate in Process of Chlorate Production". Asian Journal of Chemistry 26, n. 9 (2014): 2718–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2014.16103.

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19

Cai, Wei, Li Li, Ren Hui Liu e Zhen Zhen Wan. "Passivator Composition of Rich of Phytic Acid Used for Brass-Strip". Advanced Materials Research 399-401 (novembre 2011): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.399-401.36.

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Abstract (sommario):
Passivator components of phytic acid, hydrogen peroxide, boric acid and polyethylene glycol was optimized by orthogonal experiment. Corrosion resistance of passivation film of brass-strip was invertigated by salt spraying, weight loss and electrochemical test. The results show that the optimization passivator consists of phytic acid (50% mass fraction) 8ml/L, hydrogen peroxide (mass fraction 30%) 30ml/L, boric acid 5g/L, polyethylene glycol 15ml/L and additive 4g/L. Corrosion current density and corrosion rate of the brass-strip specimens coated by rich-phytic acid passivator are similar to that treated by traditional sodium dichromate passivator, the characteristic of anti-tarnish slightly better than that coated by sodium dichromate passivator. The feature of rich-phytic acid passivator is environmental protection.
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20

Li, Ming, Zbigniew Twardowski, Felix Mok e Norbert Tam. "Sodium molybdate—a possible alternate additive for sodium dichromate in the electrolytic production of sodium chlorate". Journal of Applied Electrochemistry 37, n. 4 (13 gennaio 2007): 499–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10800-006-9281-1.

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21

Anbarasu, K., e N. GEETHA. "OXIDATION OF BENZALDEHYDE BY QUINOXALINIUM DICHROMATE". JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY 12, n. 9 (13 gennaio 2016): 4396–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jac.v12i9.6707.

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The kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of benzaldehyde by quinoxalinium dichromate has been studied in the presence of perchloric acid in 70 % acetic acid - water medium. The reaction follows first order with respect to benzaldehyde, quinoxalinium dichromate and fractional order with respect to perchloric acid. There is no effect on the reaction rate with increase in ionic strength of the medium by adding sodium perchlorate. The rate of reaction increases with increase in the percentage of acetic acid. The reaction does not induce the polymerization with acrylonitrile. The rate of reaction decreases with increase in the concentration of manganoussulphate. The thermodynamic and activation parameters have been calculated and a probable mechanism has been proposed.
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22

Vivekanandan, K., e R. Lakshmi Narayanan. "Oxidative Decarboxylation and Deamination of Essential Amino Acids by Nicotinium Dichromate - A Kinetic Study". International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 45 (gennaio 2015): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.45.66.

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The oxidation of essential amino acids like valine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine, phenylalanine and histidine using nicotinium dichromate in aqueous medium in presence of perchloric acid at 313 K leads to the formation of corresponding aldehydes. The reaction is first order with respect to nicotinium dichromate, fractional order with respect to amino acids and second order with respect to perchloric acid. Increase in ionic strength by the addition of sodium perchlorate has no effect on the rate constant. There is no polymerization with acrylonitrile. The reaction has been studied at different temperatures and a mechanism confirming to the kinetic observations is suggested.
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23

Höfer, Sonja, Jürgen Popp e Thomas G. Mayerhöfer. "Dispersion analysis of sodium dichromate dihydrate Na2Cr2O7·2H2O single crystal". Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 205 (dicembre 2018): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2018.07.035.

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24

Li, C. W., T. Qi, F. A. Wang, Y. Zhang, G. S. Chen e P. Zhang. "Macrokinetic Study of the Electrochemical Synthesis Process of Sodium Dichromate". Chemical Engineering & Technology 30, n. 4 (aprile 2007): 467–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.200600330.

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25

Kim, Eun, e Ki Jung Na. "Nephrotoxicity of sodium dichromate depending on the route of administration". Archives of Toxicology 65, n. 7 (settembre 1991): 537–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01973713.

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26

Mason, R. W., I. R. Edwards e L. C. Fisher. "Teratogenicity of combinations of sodium dichromate, sodium arsenate and copper sulphate in the rat". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Comparative Pharmacology 93, n. 2 (gennaio 1989): 407–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0742-8413(89)90255-7.

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27

Zhou, Qi, Chun Lin He, Qing Kui Cai e Ping Zhao. "Surface Morphologies of Sealed Film on Anodized Al Alloy". Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (maggio 2011): 2034–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.2034.

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Surface morphologies of sealed films on anodized aluminum alloy extraordinarily affect on their corrosion resistance. Two-dimensional surface morphologies and three-dimensional surface morphologies of sol sealing, sodium dichromate sealing, boiling water sealing and unsealed films were obtained by OLS3100 laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM). The three-dimensional surface morphologies show that the amounts of pores are greatly reduced when anodized aluminum 2024 are sealed by these methods. Surface roughness of sealed anodized aluminum 2024 films is increased comparing with the unsealed films, especially the boiling water sealing film. The results of two-dimensional surface morphologies show that unsealed films have plenty of spherical particles; there are raised blocks on sol film; there are much round or chrysalis cavities inside sodium dichromate sealing and boiling water sealing film. Especially there are the most and the deepest cavities with the largest diameter on the boiling water sealing film.
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28

Gao, M., S. P. Binks, J. K. Chipman, L. S. Levy, R. A. Braithwaite e S. S. Brown. "Induction of DNA Strand Breaks in Peripheral Lymphocytes by Soluble Chromium Compounds". Human & Experimental Toxicology 11, n. 2 (marzo 1992): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032719201100203.

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1 Incubation of human lymphocytes with sodium dichromate (CrVI) at 37°C for 3 h resulted in a dose-dependent increase in DNA strand breaks without concurrent cytotoxicity. In contrast, chromium acetate hydroxide (CrIII) failed to induce DNA strand breaks at sub-cytotoxic concentrations. 2 DNA strand breaks were also detected in the peripheral lymphocytes of Wistar rats, 24 h after intratracheal instillation of sodium dichromate (1.3 and 2.5 mg kg-1 ). Instillation of chromium acetate hydroxide (up to 21.8 mg kg -1) failed to induce DNA strand breaks in peripheral lymphocytes. In accord with previous studies, hexavalent chromium was found to be more readily absorbed from the lungs into the peripheral blood than chromium in its trivalent form. 3 The results of this study indicate that fluorometric analysis of DNA unwinding (FADU) in peripheral lymphocytes might be a convenient method of measuring an important biological effect of chromium in occupationally-exposed workers.
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29

Mason, R. W., e I. R. Edwards. "Acute toxicity of combinations of sodium dichromate, sodium arsenate and copper sulphate in the rat". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Comparative Pharmacology 93, n. 1 (gennaio 1989): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0742-8413(89)90021-2.

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30

Vihol, Priti D., Jatin Patel, Rasesh D. Varia, Jignesh M. Patel, D. J. Ghodasara, B. P. Joshi e K. S. Prajapati. "Effects of Sodium Dichromate on Haemato-biochemical Parameters in Wistar Rats". Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology 7, n. 1 (15 dicembre 2011): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jpt.2012.58.63.

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31

Na, Ki Jung, So Young Jeong e Chang Hyeong Lim. "The role of glutathione in the acute nephrotoxicity of sodium dichromate". Archives of Toxicology 66, n. 9 (novembre 1992): 646–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01981504.

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32

Wang, Liping, Haitao Feng, Jiaoyu Peng, Naijin Dong, Wu Li e Yaping Dong. "Solubility, Metastable Zone Width, and Nucleation Kinetics of Sodium Dichromate Dihydrate". Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 60, n. 1 (12 dicembre 2014): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/je5009069.

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33

Joseph, Georgekutty, A. Santhosh Kumar, R. Rajesh e Godfrey Louis. "Growth and dc conductivity studies of tripotassium sodium dichromate single crystal". Indian Journal of Physics 84, n. 9 (settembre 2010): 1223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12648-010-0111-2.

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34

Sullivan, Cheryl G. "Exposure to Complex Environmental Health Challenges: Agent Orange and Sodium Dichromate". Indiana Health Law Review 17, n. 2 (22 febbraio 2021): 153–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/25043.

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35

Nikolaeva, Tatyana V., V. S. Polyakova, N. P. Setko e L. G. Voronina. "RATIO OF PROCESSES OF CELL PROLIFERATION AND APOPTOSIS IN THE SKIN UNDER EXPOSURE TO HEAVY METAL SALTS AND CHELATORS OF ESSENTIAL METALS". Hygiene and sanitation 96, n. 7 (27 marzo 2019): 690–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-7-690-694.

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In the model experiment on C57BL /6 mice there were established features of the impact of heavy metals and chelators of essential metals on proliferation and apoptosis of epithelial skin cells (keratinocytes). For the execution of a study 40 test animals were divided into seven experimental and 1 control groups, each consisted of five animals. The proliferative and apoptotic activity of keratinocytes was determined by the immunohistochemical method and evaluated by calculating the proliferation index and the index of apoptosis in the cells of the surface epithelium and the epithelial cells of hair follicles in the late anagen stage. Comparative analysis of the proliferation index of the control group and experimental groups showed administration of zinc sulfate, sodium dichromate and zinc chelator (N, N, N`, N`-tetrakis (2-pyridylmethyl) ethylenediamine) to animals to give rise in a statistically significant increase in the proliferative activity of keratinocytes. The decline of proliferation index was detected in animals treated with lead acetate and copper chelator (ammonium tetrathiomolybdate). Introduction of an iron chelator (deferoxamine) had no effect on the proliferative activity of keratinocytes in experimental animals. Induction of apoptosis of epithelial cell was noted under the administration of nickel sulfate, sodium dichromate, lead acetate and zinc chelator (N, N, N`, N`-tetrakis (2-pyridylmethyl) ethylenediamine) to animals. In mice received deferoxamine zinc sulfate and apoptotic activity of keratinocytes has not changed. The use of cluster analysis allowed to classify substances administered to experimental animals, taking into account their simultaneous effect on the studied cellular processes. Lead acetate, iron chelator (deferoxamine) and copper chelator (ammonium tetrathiomolybdate) were shown to reduce the proliferative activity of keratinocytes and have little effect on apoptosis of the epithelial cells of the skin. Zinc sulfate, nickel sulfate, sodium dichromate and zinc chelator (N, N, N`, N`-tetrakis (2-pyridylmethyl) ethylenediamine) activate cell proliferation and induce apoptosis of keratinocytes.
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36

Korkmaz, Özden. "In vitro effects of sodium fluoride and sodium dichromate on dynamic properties of human erythrocyte membrane". Biophysical Chemistry 83, n. 2 (gennaio 2000): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-4622(99)00129-5.

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37

Naval, Ramesh M. "Study of Drinking Water Quality Parameters of Jaykwadi Dam". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, n. VII (30 luglio 2021): 2971–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37039.

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This study is restricted in terms of water quality for drinking purpose. Various Physico-chemical Parameters like pH, conductivity. TDS are measured in laboratory by using digital pH meter, digital conductivity meter and TDS recording kit. By sung standard laboratory methods the Parameters Such as sodium, and potassium by Flame photometry. Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, Sulphate, Nitrate, and Iron were estimated in the Laboratory. Total dissolved solids, TDS, was measured by evaporation method. Biochemical oxygen demand, BOD, represents the amount of oxygen consumed by bacteria and other microorganisms while they decompose organic matter under aerobic (in presence of oxygen) conditions at a specified temperature. BOD was measured by sodium thiosulphate titration method. Chemical oxygen demand, COD, was measured by titration of potassium dichromate and sodium thiosulphate.
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38

Aoki, Yasunobu, Michiyo Matsumoto, Michi Matsumoto, Kenichi Masumura e Takehiko Nohmi. "Mutant Frequency is not Increased in Mice Orally Exposed to Sodium Dichromate". Food Safety 7, n. 1 (2019): 2–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.2018014.

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39

Appenroth, D., S. Gambaryan, K. H. Friese e H. Bräunlich. "Influence of metyrapone and phenobarbital on sodium dichromate nephrotoxicity in developing rats". Journal of Applied Toxicology 10, n. 3 (giugno 1990): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jat.2550100314.

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40

BARAKAT, A., e T. YEN. "Kerogen structure by stepwise oxidationUse of sodium dichromate in glacial acetic acid". Fuel 66, n. 5 (maggio 1987): 587–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(87)90263-8.

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41

Chursin, Vyacheslav I., e Alena O. Zaitseva. "SYNTHESIS OF CHROME TANNING AGENT IN PRESENCE OF OLIGO - AND POLYSACCHARIDES". IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 64, n. 5 (14 maggio 2021): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20216405.6350.

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Abstract (sommario):
The conditions for the synthesis of chrome tanning agent during the reduction of sodium dichromate with oligo - and polysaccharides have been investigated. The synthesis of the tanning agent is based on the reduction of hexavalent chromium Cr (VI) in the form of sodium dichromate with reducing agents from the class of vegetable oligo- and polysaccharides with a different sequence of their introduction into the reaction mixture in the presence of sulfuric acid. The introduction of sulfuric acid was carried out gradually to avoid overheating and splashing of the reaction mixture, since the reduction reaction is accompanied by a significant thermal effect. Glucose, maltodextrin and pectin were used as reducing agents. The properties of the obtained products were evaluated by spectrophotometry, conductometry, and analytical methods. It has been shown that the use of native pectin leads to the formation of a gel like mass due to the coordination of the functional groups of galacturonic acid, which is part of the pectin, with chromium atoms. Pretreatment of pectin with a citric acid solution and optimization of synthesis conditions made it possible to obtain a chromium tanning agent that does not contain unreduced chromium. The influence of oligosaccharides on the properties of chromium tanning agents, including their ability to dissolve, is considered. It is shown that the reduction of sodium dichromate with maltodextrin during the reaction results in the formation of incomplete oxidation products of the oligosaccharide, which cause the masking effect of the chromium complex and increase in the resistance of the tanning agent to the action of alkaline reagents used to increase in the basicity during tanning. Experimental samples of chrome tanning agent in dry form were obtained and their leatherprocessing characteristics were studied. The results of technological tests have confirmed the theoretical propositions, according to which the high hydrothermal stability of the leather semifinished product, the almost complete depletion of the processing solution and the required physical and mechanical properties of the finished leather are achieved by introducing the products of incomplete oxidation of oligosaccharides into the inner sphere of the chromium complex.
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42

Silva, J. W. J., A. P. O. Belo, R. B. Ribeiro e N. T. Matias. "Effects of Sodium Nitrite, Sodium Dichromate and Benzoic Acid as Inhibitors in the Protection of Mild Steel in Water". Materials Science Forum 802 (dicembre 2014): 433–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.802.433.

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In Petrobrás SA refineries, there are thousands of heat exchangers in which cooling water is treated for recycling, often by outsourced companies. In all of these refineries there happens shutdown for corrective maintenance of the exchangers by problems related to corrosion caused by the cooling water, requiring about four days to repair a unit. The shutdown of a production line results in loss of revenue between U$ 200,000.00 and U$ 300,000.00 per day. To control the cooling water quality, it is used coupons for corrosion analysis. Tests are limited to visual inspection and by mass loss analysis. In this work, inhibitors such as sodium nitrite, sodium dichromate and benzoic acid are used to protect metals immersed in water in order to avoid the corrosion and consequently the shutdown of the exchanger for corrective maintenance.
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43

Chen, Jianxin, Xiangchao Zhang, Jian Han, Yinhui Li, Min Su e Aidang Lu. "Kinetics and mechanism of desilication reaction in sodium chromate solution using sodium aluminate". Water Science and Technology 75, n. 7 (10 gennaio 2017): 1548–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.024.

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It is essential to control silica levels in sodium chromate solution during the process of electrolytic synthesis of sodium dichromate. On the basis of previous work, the desilication conditions were systematically studied and pH was found to have the most serious impact on the desilication process. The desilication rate under optimal conditions obtained from the orthogonal experiment results was up to 99.3%. Kinetic experiments showed that the desilication reaction was first-order in SiO2 concentration and the apparent activation energy was calculated to be 22 kJ mol–1, which is far less than the reported values. The morphology and structure of the desilication reaction product (DSP) were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). SEM showed that DSP had a loose etched structure. The pattern of XRD illustrated the crystallinity of DSP increased along the duration of the experiment. The phase of DSP was mainly Na6(AlSiO4)6. Based on the experimental data, the desilication mechanism has been discussed. The hexameric aluminosilicate ions were produced by the reaction of monomeric aluminosilicate ion, through hydrogen bond interaction, which was formed by SiO2(OH)22– and Al(OH)4–.
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44

Michael, U. F., J. L. Logan e L. A. Meeks. "The beneficial effects of thyroxine on nephrotoxic acute renal failure in the rat." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 1, n. 11 (maggio 1991): 1236–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v1111236.

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Abstract (sommario):
We were able to confirm previous studies demonstrating that administration of thyroxine is capable of ameliorating the severity of acute nephrotoxic renal failure in the rat. Nephrotoxic acute renal failure was induced by the subcutaneous injection of potassium dichromate (6.25 mg/kg) into Sprague-Dawley rats. Twenty-four hours after this injection, rats received an intraperitoneal injection of either thyroxine (80 micrograms/kg body wt) or normal saline. Forty-eight hours after the potassium dichromate injection, renal clearance studies were performed. Inulin clearance was significantly higher in the thyroxine-treated than in the saline-treated acute renal failure rats: 1.12 +/- 0.13 (SEM) mL/g versus 0.75 +/- 0.07 mL/min/g kidney wt (P = 0.025). Thyroxine treatment also effected an increase of p-aminohippuric acid extraction from 0.23 +/- 0.03 to 0.33 +/- 0.02 (P = 0.011) and a decrease in the fractional excretion of sodium from 0.38 +/- 0.21 to 0.11 +/- 0.03% (P = 0.037 by Mann-Whitney U test). In order to investigate one potential mechanism of the beneficial effect of thyroxine we studied renal tubular regeneration in this model of acute renal failure. Renal cortical uptake of labeled thymidine into DNA was significantly increased 48 h after the injection of potassium dichromate, and thyroxine administration further enhanced this repair process: 53.9 +/- 3.6 versus 81.4 +/- 5.3 dpm/200 pg of DNA (P = 0.0033).
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45

Upadhyay, Juhi B., e Hitesh M. Parekh. "Resorcin[4]arene Schiff base derivatives: Synthesis, characterization, and extraction studies". Journal of Chemical Research 44, n. 11-12 (11 maggio 2020): 660–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747519820915871.

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Abstract (sommario):
Novel 2,6-dihydroxyacetophenone[4]arene derivatives with an electron-withdrawing group at the ortho-position are developed. The 2,6-dihydroxyacetophenone[4]arene derivatives are condensed with benzylamine in chloroform to give the Schiff base derivatives of resorcin[4]arene. The acetyl group of the 2,6-dihydroxyacetophenone[4]arenes is condensed with primary amine groups to form imines. The multifunctional target molecules are purified and isolated in good yields. The Schiff base derivatives are characterized by elemental analysis, 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. All the Schiff base compounds are successfully used for the extraction of toxic metals including Ni2+, Mn2+, Hg2+, Co2+, and Na+ using a liquid–liquid solvent extraction process. Among these tested metals, the percentage extraction of Hg2+ is the highest. As sodium dichromate has greater oxidative stability to transfer the HCr2O7− anion from an aqueous a protonated ligand solution, an anionic extraction study of dichromate is tested at various pH values.
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46

Raja, K. "Reaction of Sodium Nitroprusside and Potassium Dichromate on Benzaldehyde Di N-Butyl Acetal". Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 6, n. 4 (2 aprile 2019): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v6i4.369.

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Abstract (sommario):
The reaction of benzaldehyde di n-butyl acetal catalyzed by halomethanes in contrast to those catalyzed by Lewis acids, n-halocompounds, etc., has received only a little attention. Aliphatic acetal gives benzaldehyde and butyl benzoate as the main products. This reaction features induced the authors to take up the title investigations. Halomethanes are synthetically very useful reagents and vary widely in their acceptor synthon character and reactivity, hence their applications in the present work.
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47

BEKMUKHAMBETOV, Y., S. RAKHMANOV e A. ZHANABAYEVA. "IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF CARDIAC ANGIOGENESIS OF MICE EXPOSED TO SODIUM DICHROMATE AND LINDANE". Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 17, n. 2 (2019): 4515–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1702_45154525.

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48

Hfaiedh, Mbarka, Dalel Brahmi e Lazhar Zourgui. "Hepatoprotective effect ofTaraxacum officinaleleaf extract on sodium dichromate-induced liver injury in rats". Environmental Toxicology 31, n. 3 (1 ottobre 2014): 339–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tox.22048.

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49

WU, YUPING, e YUNFEN SHEN. "Genotoxic Effects of Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate, Sodium Pentachlorophenate and Dichromate onTetrahymena pyriformis". Journal of Protozoology 39, n. 4 (luglio 1992): 454–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1992.tb04831.x.

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50

Bagchi, D., E. A. Hassoun, M. Bagchi, D. F. Muldoon e S. J. Stohs. "Oxidative stress induced by chronic administration of sodium dichromate [Cr(VI)] to rats". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Endocrinology 110, n. 3 (marzo 1995): 281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0742-8413(94)00103-h.

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