Articoli di riviste: "South African Burea of Standards"

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Lim Tung, Odile Juliette. "Organic Food Certification in South Africa: A Private Sector Mechanism in Need of State Regulation?" Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 19 (24 ottobre 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2016/v19i0a584.

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Organic production targets the development of a sustainable cultivation system and a variety of high-quality products with emphasis on environmental protection, biodiversity and high standards of animal protection. In South Africa, the organic sector pioneered private practices and systems in small informal groups to guide the public and private sectors on environmental and sustainability issues. A private certification system for organic products is applicable in the country consisting of network certification and third-party certification in collaboration with foreign and locally-based certification organisations. Local producers also use self-declaratory vendor claims associated with organic labels. A State auditor mechanism is nonetheless applicable with respect to the use of the term “free range” on labels for meat products. South African National Standards (SANS 1369) on Organic Agricultural Production and Processing (OAPP) have been drafted by the South African Bureau of Standards (SABS) but the final version has not yet been made public. There is presently no specific legislation on organic products in the country but draft regulations (under the Agricultural Product Standards Act) on the control and sale of organic products which have not yet been promulgated. With mainly a private organic food certification system, to what extent do South African organic food products respect rules of organic production? This paper looks into the organic food regulation in South Africa and examines how far this private sector mechanism for organic food certification is in need of State regulation.

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Mrema, Alex Lyatonga. "Assessment of Strength Compliance with Standards for Tanzania Eucalyptus Wood Poles Treated with Copper-Chromium-Arsenic Compounds". Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology 30, n. 2 (31 dicembre 2007): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.52339/tjet.v30i2.404.

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Samples of copper-chromium arsenic compounds (CCA) treated Eucalyptus poles for power transmission were sampledfrom a lot following Military Standard MIL-STD 105D, Single sampling, Tightened Inspection, Acceptable Quality Level(AQL) of 4 as provided for in the South African Standard SABS 754:1994 from lots containing 151-500 poles. Sampleswere randomly selected from a lot. Maximum fiber stresses were evaluated taking into account the actual taper in eachpole. The cantilever loading test was performed on the samples following SABS 754:1994. It was found out that theaverage taper for the poles was smaller than that assumed in the standard due to the different pole growthcharacteristics and environment in Tanzania and that the average modulus of elasticity obtained for the poles was lowerthan the average assumed in SABS 754:1994. The poles also showed excessive deflections at working loads. It isrecommended to the Tanzania Bureau of Standards that although SABS 754:1994 is meant to be used for eucalyptuspoles grown in Southern Africa south of the Sahara that are treated with creosote or CCA there is a need to review it totake into account the actual characteristics of the poles grown in Tanzania where they are normally grown in highlandareas with higher rainfall and colder climates.

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GOLDSMITH, RAINER. "A review of: “Proceedings of the First Annual Conference of the Ergonomics Society of Southern Africa”. (Pretoria: Design Institute of South African Bureau of Standards, 1985)." Ergonomics 29, n. 6 (giugno 1986): 843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00140138608968319.

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Tully, N. "Short-Term Performance of Integral Solar Water Heaters". Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 108, n. 1 (1 febbraio 1986): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3268067.

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The 8-hr daily test of solar integral or collector/storage domestic water heaters is considered. For the case of no draw-off, it is shown that a computer simulation gives results closely in agreement with an integral equation which involves the collector parameters, the total insolation and the daily temperation variation, but does not require the actual daily ambient temperature. The relationship of this test to integral unit performance when water is drawn off according to various demand patterns is investigated, and it is shown that the short-term efficiency is typically reduced to two thirds of the daily test result, but can be as low as one third. Thus a simple thermal test such as that specified by the South African Bureau of Standards, and other standards organizations, should at best be regarded as a comparison between various units of similar type, although even there the importance of optical efficiency is overemphasized. Simple tests do not provide a guide to performance in actual service.

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Jeffery, Chris. "Standards in South African English". English Academy Review 10, n. 1 (dicembre 1993): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10131759385310041.

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de Zwart, Pim. "South African Living Standards in Global Perspective, 1835–1910". Economic History of Developing Regions 26, n. 1 (giugno 2011): 49–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20780389.2011.583003.

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Viviers, Christa, e Gerda Gericke. "Verified standards of professional practice for South African dietetics professionals. Part 1: The standards". South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition 20, n. 4 (gennaio 2007): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2007.11734140.

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Kessy, J. G., M. G. Alexander e H. Beushausen. "Concrete durability standards: International trends and the South African context". Journal of the South African Institution of Civil Engineering 57, n. 1 (2015): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2309-8775/2015/v57n1a5.

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Mason, R. J. "Deterioration in Standards of Professional Conduct in South African Archaeology". South African Archaeological Bulletin 41, n. 144 (dicembre 1986): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3888186.

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Currin, Brent, Nompilo Msibi, Tsebang Chuene e Andre Kruger. "An investigation into the ethical standards and values of registered property valuers in South Africa". Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences 7, n. 3 (31 ottobre 2014): 853–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jef.v7i3.241.

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Ethical issues and standards of property professions are being scrutinised. To date, no research has been carried out on the ethical standards in the property valuation profession in South Africa. This research compared the content of codes of ethics and professional conduct of the South African property valuation profession to international standards, and investigated the ethical standards and moral values held by registered valuers in South Africa. A self-administered survey, administered to 611 professional and professional associate valuers, was used. It measured five constructs of unethical behaviour layered into a survey adapted from Hoyt, Wright and Croft (2002). No statistically significant differences were found between different demographic factors in the ethical beliefs of South African valuers. A literature review comparing South Africa’s codes of conduct with those in the United States of America, Australia and New Zealand showed that the standards of ethics and professional practice in South Africa are not in line with international standards. South African valuers appear to be ethical and resist external pressures which could lead to unethical behaviour.

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Montanari, A., e E. A. Zietkiewicz. "Adolescent South African Ballet Dancers". South African Journal of Psychology 30, n. 2 (giugno 2000): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124630003000204.

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This paper is an attempt to address the severe paucity in both South African and international literature concerning eating disordered behaviour in young ballet dancers. Allegations suggest that for decades a conspiratorial silence has been maintained in the dancing world around the eating disordered behaviours of performers. The only serious suggestions alluding to high levels of eating disordered behaviour among performers in South Africa have appeared anecdotally in the popular media. Previous international research has suggested that dancers could not possibly maintain their sylph-like physiques with the amount of energy expended in daily training and simultaneously adhere to healthy nutritional standards. In fact, some studies cite high levels of malnutrition amongst members of the dance community (Peterson, 1984). The current research study confirms these findings showing highly significant differences in the drive for thinness in dancers compared with normative adolescent samples. Results also indicate tendencies to interpersonal distrust which could explain why this sensitive behaviour has been so difficult to identify and treat in the past. More detailed statistical analyses show that this sample of adolescent dancers exhibit strong similarities with eating disordered individuals, both anorexic and bulimic. These results provide the evidence required by interested parties to intervene in the neglected nutrition and psychological health of dancers.

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Ingham, L. A., T. Jones e A. Maneschijn. "Considerations for UAV design and operation in South African airspace". Aeronautical Journal 110, n. 1112 (ottobre 2006): 695–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000001561.

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Abstract At present, the lack of UAV regulations and standards precludes UAVs from being certified to operate commercially in un-segregated civilian airspace. Because of strategic, economical and security requirements, it is necessary to devise a method to operate UAVs in South African airspace within existing regulatory arrangements. This paper suggests specific UAV missions, viz; maritime patrol/boarder control, search and rescue, and cargo transport, together with design considerations and possible concepts of UAV; operations, maintenance and training, that will enable UAVs to satisfy the immediate South African strategic requirements whilst further UAV standards and regulations are being developed.

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Sherman, T., e M. De Klerk. "International financial reporting standards and foreign ownership in South African companies". Southern African Business Review 19, n. 1 (26 febbraio 2019): 72–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/1998-8125/5834.

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Previous literature suggests that the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) can facilitate cross-border capital flows, as it results in an increase in market liquidity and comparability benefits. Using foreign ownership levels in South African listed companies during the period 2003 to 2007, we test whether this association holds in a South African context when the top 40 South African companies mandatorily adopted IFRS. The results indicate that the adoption of IFRS did not have a significant positive association with foreign ownership levels during the sample period. We attribute the result to the harmonisation project undertaken in South Africa to align local accounting standards (SAGAAP) with the IFRS before the mandatory adoption thereof.

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Marishane, R. N. (Nylon). "South African Standards for Principals: Connecting Theory, Policy, Practice and Context". Journal of Social Sciences 49, n. 1-2 (ottobre 2016): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09718923.2016.11893593.

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Bornstein, Lisa. "Management standards and development practice in the South African aid chain". Public Administration and Development 23, n. 5 (2003): 393–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pad.291.

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Strydom, Andries H., e Justice Noruwana. "Academic standards in South African universities and proposals for quality assurance". Higher Education 25, n. 4 (giugno 1993): 379–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01383842.

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Van der Zwan, Pieter, e Nico Van der Merwe. "The Message Conveyed By IFRS-Compliant Information: A South African Perspective". International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 12, n. 9 (30 agosto 2013): 1041. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v12i9.8051.

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South African companies must prepare financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) or other reporting standards modelled on IFRS. Literature suggests that the complexity of IFRS, which stems from detailed rules-based principles in these standards, may harm the ability of users of financial statements to understand financial information in a meaningful way. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate whether selected users and preparers of financial statements in South Africa interpret selected IFRS-compliant information prepared in accordance with rules-based principles in the manner intended by the standard-setters. The results of the study, which are based on data gathered by administering a questionnaire that contained selected IFRS-compliant note disclosures to accounting practitioners, accountancy students, and non-accountants in business, suggest that the participants of the study did not understand such IFRS-compliant information as intended by the standard-setters. Additional disclosure, the adoption of a simplified accounting framework for Small and Medium-sized Entities (SMEs) and the use of an output-based continuing professional education (CPE) system are identified as areas that warrant further research to overcome the threats posed by rules-based principles in IFRS.

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Uzoegbo, H. C. "Shear lag in steel angles: An investigation of the South African standards". Journal of Constructional Steel Research 46, n. 1-3 (aprile 1998): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0143-974x(98)00194-1.

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Turner, Christopher R., Gerald F. Ortmann e Michael C. Lyne. "Adoption of ISO 9000 quality assurance standards by South African agribusiness firms". Agribusiness 16, n. 3 (2000): 295–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1520-6297(200022)16:3<295::aid-agr3>3.0.co;2-p.

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Ingham, L. A., T. Jones e A. Maneschijn. "Considerations for flight testing of UAVs in South African airspace". Aeronautical Journal 110, n. 1114 (dicembre 2006): 803–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000001676.

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South Africa has strategic requirements for tasks such as maritime patrol and border control. Research on UAVs should be done in order to design, certify and operate UAVs in civil airspace to satisfy these requirements. If principles such as ‘equivalence’, initially proposed by Eurocontrol are to be adopted in South Africa, it then follows that similar standards used by manned aircraft should be used by UAVs. Similarly, because the process of creating UAV regulations has not kept up with the pace of UAV development, and because dedicated UAV regulations do not yet exist in South Africa, UAVs must be tested and evaluated in order to prove compliance with comparable manned aircraft regulations in the foreseeable future until regulations are created or modified to accommodate UAVs. Given the airspace restrictions, and lack of applicable standards and regulations, proper flight testing of UAVs can become a very specialised task. Most test techniques applied to testing of manned aircraft are fortunately equally applicable to UAVs. This is a research-based paper that provides guidance to flight testers, UAV developers and research organisations wishing to execute tests in South Africa by suggesting a number of considerations for testing of UAVs.

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Kritzinger, Elmarie. "Improving Cybersafety Maturity of South African Schools". Information 11, n. 10 (4 ottobre 2020): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11100471.

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This research investigated the current maturity levels of cybersafety in South African schools. The maturity level indicates if schools are prepared to assist relevant role players (teachers and learners) in establishing a cybersafety culture within the school environment. The research study measured the maturity levels of cybersafety in 24 South African schools by evaluating the four main elements that are needed to improve cybersafety within schools. These elements are (1) leadership and policies, (2) infrastructure, (3) education, and (4) standards and inspection. The study used a UK-approved measurement tool (360safe) to measure the cybersafety maturity of schools within South Africa, using five levels of compliance (Level 1: full compliance, to Level 5: no compliance). The data analysis clearly indicated that all the schools that participated in the study had a significantly low level of cybersafety maturity and compliance. Schools are starting to adopt technology as part of their educational and social approach to prepare learners for the future, but there is a clear lack of supporting cybersafety awareness, policies, practices and procedures within South African schools. The research proposed a step-by-step approach involving a ten-phase cybersafety plan to empower schools to create and grow their own cybersafety culture.

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Fernandez, Lovell, e Lukas Muntingh. "The Criminalization of Torture in South Africa". Journal of African Law 60, n. 1 (16 settembre 2015): 83–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855315000224.

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AbstractThis article describes the politics related to the criminalization of torture in South Africa. It studies the differences between torture as an international crime and as a crime under international human rights law. The South African anti-torture law is analysed and critiqued against the standards and provisions set out in the United Nations Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. The article recommends amendments to the South African law, aimed at making the combating of torture more effective.

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Pieters, A., E. van Marle-Köster, C. Visser e A. Kotze. "South African developed meat type goats: A forgotten animal genetic resource?" Animal Genetic Resources Information 44 (aprile 2009): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1014233900002844.

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SummaryThere are mainly three locally developed meat type goat breeds in South Africa namely the South African Boer goat, the Savanna and the Kalahari Red. In order to maintain the characteristics of these breeds and to ensure that their unique traits are not lost through continuous selection and cross-breeding, it has become important to revisit current breed standards and introduce genetic characterization to obtain genetic diversity parameters. Both the Boer goat and Savanna breeds have established breeders associations while a breeders club was founded for the Kalahari Red goats. These associations have set breed standards and the breeds' morphometric traits have recently been described. The differences in morphometric traits among the breeds are fairly insignificant. Preliminary data on genetic diversity report heterozygosity values above 50% for each of the three breeds and they can be distinguished as separate breeds based on genotyping results with eighteen ISAG recommended microsatellite markers. There is however a need for a genetic characterization of both meat type and indigenous goats to ensure sufficient diversity within the breeds for long term conservation of the unique genetic resource.

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Balcomb, Anthony. "Nicholas Bhengu — The Impact of an African Pentecostal on South African Society". Exchange 34, n. 4 (2005): 337–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157254305774851475.

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AbstractNicholas Bhekinkosi Bhengu was founder and leader of the Back to God Crusade in South Africa. This movement started in the mid-1950s and became affiliated with the Assemblies of God in South Africa. But Bhengu's influence went far beyond the confines of the movement he started. His revivals impacted South African society in a profound way and he became internationally recognized as a powerful force for change in South Africa. Controversially, however, he did not enter into the political arena as such, even though he was at one stage of his life a member of the Communist Party of South Africa and even later on in his career continued to affirm the policies of this party. Though apparently apolitical his message had profound political consequences. For example he did much to promote the self-confidence and dignity of his people (despite the dehumanising influences of apartheid which he openly denounced), he insisted on reconciliation between the so-called 'red' people and the so-called 'school' people amongst South African black Africans, and he politely but veryfirmly rejected the standards imposed by white society on blacks. There were also very specific reasons — both theological, philosophical, and pragmatic — why he chose not to become a political activist. His is therefore a very significant case study of the socio-political influences of a ministry that was not overtly political.

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Brink, Sophia. "The accounting treatment of credit card rewards programmes: a South African perspective (Part 1)". Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences 10, n. 1 (6 giugno 2017): 107–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jef.v10i1.8.

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Credit card rewards programmes are a common phenomenon in the South African market. On 1 July 2007 the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) issued IFRIC 13 Customer Loyalty Programmes to give specific guidance to suppliers on the accounting treatment of customer loyalty programme transactions. Although credit card rewards programmes are specifically included in the scope of this Interpretation, in practice not all credit card rewards programmes currently account for award credits under the revenue deferral model (IFRIC 13). During May 2014 the IASB and the United States Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) published IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers intended to replace six existing Standards and Interpretations, including IFRIC 13. Currently there is uncertainty whether or not a credit card rewards programme transaction falls within the scope of IFRS 15. Despite concerns raised the Boards decided against providing any additional guidance to credit card rewards programmes and indicated that they leave it up to management

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van Aswegen, Heleen, Shane Patman, Natascha Plani e Susan Hanekom. "Developing minimum clinical standards for physiotherapy in South African ICUs: A qualitative study". Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 23, n. 6 (26 maggio 2017): 1258–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jep.12774.

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ALLEN, LARA. "SEEKING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF TWO ‘CLASSIC’ SOUTH AFRICAN JAZZ STANDARDS: SOUND, BODY, RESPONSE". English Studies in Africa 45, n. 2 (gennaio 2002): 91–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00138390208691317.

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Brink, Sophia. "The accounting treatment of credit card rewards programmes: a South African perspective (Part 2)". Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences 10, n. 2 (6 novembre 2017): 206–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jef.v10i2.14.

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Most credit card issuers offer their card holders participation in a customer loyalty programme. On 1 July 2007 the IASB issued IFRIC 13 Customer Loyalty Programmes to give specific guidance to suppliers on the accounting treatment of customer loyalty programme transactions. Despite the fact that credit card rewards programmes are specifically included in the scope of this Interpretation, in practice not all credit card rewards programmes currently account for award credits under the revenue deferral model (IFRIC 13). These divergent practices make one question the relevance of the current guidance provided in IFRIC 13 to credit card rewards programmes; otherwise what is the reason behind credit card rewards programmes accounting for these transactions differently? During May 2014 the IASB and the United States Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), published IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers intended to replace six existing Standards and Interpretations, including IFRIC 13. The aim of IFRS 15 is to streamline accounting for revenue across all industries and to correct inconsistencies in existing Standards and practices. Credit card rewards programme respondents raised many queries and uncertainties based on the proposed model but despite these concerns the Boards decided against providing any additional guidance to credit card rewards programmes. They indicated that they leave it up to management

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Ernstberger, Jürgen, Christian Heinze e Oliver Vogler. "The value and accounting premium for South African-listed shares". Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences 2, n. 2 (31 ottobre 2008): 187–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jef.v2i2.354.

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In the last decade, empirical research has found strong evidence that value stocks provide higher returns than growth stocks (value premium). Firms with a high ratio of book value of equity to market value of equity are regarded as value stocks; a low ratio identifies growth stocks. Most research is tailored to the market in the United States of America. Only a few studies consider country-specific distinctions. This research analyses the value premium for the South African market and compares its magnitude to the findings for the US market. Moreover, the effects of the introduction of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) for companies listed at the JSE Limited are examined. The adoption of IFRS is used to demonstrate that investors award an accounting premium for voluntary compliance with this new accounting standard.

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Kebonang, Zein. "African Peer Review Mechanism: An Assessment". India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 61, n. 2 (aprile 2005): 138–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097492840506100206.

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In 2002 at the inaugural Summit of the African Union (AU) held in Durban, South Africa, the African Heads of State and Government committed themselves to adhere to international standards on democracy, good governance (political, economic and corporate), peace, the rule of law, and respect for human rights. They also agreed to hold each other accountable through African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM). The present paper examines whether the APRM constitutes a viable peer review mechanism; and, if not, how it can be strengthened?

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Harris, HC, e DLW Krueger. "Implementing energy efficiency policy in housing in South Africa". Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 16, n. 3 (1 agosto 2005): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2005/v16i3a3114.

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The Thermal Insulation Association of South Africa (TIASA) is supporting government measures to promote energy efficiency in South African buildings. The research document titled: ‘New standards of thermal design to provide comfort and energy efficiency in South African housing’, has been adopted by TIASA, and details an objective basis for a standard. The S.A.N.S. 283 titled: ‘Energy efficiency for naturally ventilated buildings’ has as its premise, the same assumptions and methodologies as the research document. The provision of comfort in all housing in South Africa, including the problematic 30/36 m2 subsidy house – can be a reality with the proposals.

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Viviers, Christa, e Gerda Gericke. "Verified standards of professional practice for South African dietetics professionals. Part 2: The indicators". South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition 20, n. 4 (gennaio 2007): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2007.11734141.

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Coetzee, Stephen A., Cecile Janse van Rensburg e Astrid Schmulian. "Differences in students’ reading comprehension of international financial reporting standards: a South African case". Accounting Education 25, n. 4 (28 giugno 2016): 306–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09639284.2016.1191269.

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Makgato, Stanford S., e Evans M. Nkhalambayausi Chirwa. "Waterberg coal characteristics and SO 2 minimum emissions standards in South African power plants". Journal of Environmental Management 201 (ottobre 2017): 294–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.06.049.

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Seebregts, Christopher, Pierre Dane, Annie Neo Parsons, Thomas Fogwill, Debbie Rogers, Marcha Bekker, Vincent Shaw e Peter Barron. "Designing for scale: optimising the health information system architecture for mobile maternal health messaging in South Africa (MomConnect)". BMJ Global Health 3, Suppl 2 (aprile 2018): e000563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000563.

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MomConnect is a national initiative coordinated by the South African National Department of Health that sends text-based mobile phone messages free of charge to pregnant women who voluntarily register at any public healthcare facility in South Africa. We describe the system design and architecture of the MomConnect technical platform, planned as a nationally scalable and extensible initiative. It uses a health information exchange that can connect any standards-compliant electronic front-end application to any standards-compliant electronic back-end database. The implementation of the MomConnect technical platform, in turn, is a national reference application for electronic interoperability in line with the South African National Health Normative Standards Framework. The use of open content and messaging standards enables the architecture to include any application adhering to the selected standards. Its national implementation at scale demonstrates both the use of this technology and a key objective of global health information systems, which is to achieve implementation scale. The system’s limited clinical information, initially, allowed the architecture to focus on the base standards and profiles for interoperability in a resource-constrained environment with limited connectivity and infrastructural capacity. Maintenance of the system requires mobilisation of national resources. Future work aims to use the standard interfaces to include data from additional applications as well as to extend and interface the framework with other public health information systems in South Africa. The development of this platform has also shown the benefits of interoperability at both an organisational and technical level in South Africa.

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Edlund, Karl Kilbo, Felicia Killman, Peter Molnár, Johan Boman, Leo Stockfelt e Janine Wichmann. "Health Risk Assessment of PM2.5 and PM2.5-Bound Trace Elements in Thohoyandou, South Africa". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n. 3 (2 febbraio 2021): 1359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031359.

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We assessed the health risks of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) ambient air pollution and its trace elemental components in a rural South African community. Air pollution is the largest environmental cause of disease and disproportionately affects low- and middle-income countries. PM2.5 samples were previously collected, April 2017 to April 2018, and PM2.5 mass determined. The filters were analyzed for chemical composition. The United States Environmental Protection Agency’s (US EPA) health risk assessment method was applied. Reference doses were calculated from the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, South African National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), and US EPA reference concentrations. Despite relatively moderate levels of PM2.5 the health risks were substantial, especially for infants and children. The average annual PM2.5 concentration was 11 µg/m3, which is above WHO guidelines, but below South African NAAQS. Adults were exposed to health risks from PM2.5 during May to October, whereas infants and children were exposed to risk throughout the year. Particle-bound nickel posed both non-cancer and cancer risks. We conclude that PM2.5 poses health risks in Thohoyandou, despite levels being compliant with yearly South African NAAQS. The results indicate that air quality standards need to be tightened and PM2.5 levels lowered in South Africa.

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Mncayi, Precious, e Jacques de Jongh. "Factors that affect discouragement: A South African labour market analysis". 11th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 11, n. 1 (9 dicembre 2020): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2020.11(90).

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Abstract (sommario):

Labour markets across the world have in recent years been characterised by instability and scare employment opportunities. Despite the fact that the 21st century has carried with it massive technological change and a rise in the significance of education for better employment prospects, it has moreover brought about expanded vulnerability which has neglected to ensure employment for work-searchers. For those who want to work, the inability to find employment has been a source of enormous adversities both personally and economically. This is not unique to South Africa as the country is plagued with very high unemployment rates across all age categories and continually rising numbers of discouraged work-seekers. Although unemployment indicators have to a great extent followed international standards, the failure to incorporate those who have abstained from searching has inadvertently contributed to a lack of understanding regarding the nature of discouragement in the labour market. Keywords: Employment, discouragement; work-seekers, labour markets, South Africa, unemployment.

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38

GRANT, EVADNÉ. "HUMAN RIGHTS, CULTURAL DIVERSITY AND CUSTOMARY LAW IN SOUTH AFRICA". Journal of African Law 50, n. 1 (aprile 2006): 2–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855306000039.

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In the joined cases of Bhe v. Magistrate Khayelitsha and Others; Shibi v. Sithole and Others; South African Human Rights Commission and Another v. President of the Republic of South Africa and Another (2005(1) B.C.L.R. 1 (CC)), the South African Constitutional Court held unanimously that the male primogeniture rule according men rights to inheritance not enjoyed by women enshrined in the South African Customary Law of Succession violated the right to equality guaranteed under section 9 of the South African Constitution. On one level, the decision can be seen as a triumph for the universality of human rights norms. On another level, however, the case raises difficult questions about the relationship between human rights and culture. The aim of this paper is to assess the judgment critically in the context of the ongoing debate about the application of international human rights standards in different cultural settings.

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39

Turner, C. R., e G. F. Ortmann. "Quality management amongst South African agribusiness firms: The role of ISO 9000 Quality Assurance Standards". South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 2, n. 3 (30 settembre 1999): 451–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v2i3.2591.

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Worldwide, the ISO 9000 quality assurance standards have received considerable support from firms seeking to improve their competitiveness. A postal survey was conducted amongst 92 South African agribusiness firms to determine the extent of the adoption of ISO 9000, reasons for certification and to identify the costs and benefits of adopting these standards. About 36 percent of the respondent firms were certified. The desire to improve customer service, a basis for quality improvement and the need to improve operational efficiency were the most important factors influencing certification. Respondents reported financial, managerial and production benefits following certification. Broadly speaking, certified firms operate as private or public companies, have parent company affiliations, are involved in manufacturing, and are established firms with large annual turnovers.

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Essack, Zaynab, e Douglas R. Wassenaar. "South African Research Ethics Committee Review of Standards of Prevention in HIV Vaccine Trial Protocols". Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics 13, n. 3 (9 aprile 2018): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1556264618763422.

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HIV prevention trials provide a prevention package to participants to help prevent HIV acquisition. As new prevention methods are proven effective, this raises ethical and scientific design complexities regarding the prevention package or standard of prevention. Given its high HIV incidence and prevalence, South Africa has become a hub for HIV prevention research. For this reason, it is critical to study the implementation of relevant ethical-legal frameworks for such research in South Africa. This qualitative study used in-depth interviews to explore the practices and perspectives of eight members of South African research ethics committees (RECs) who have reviewed protocols for HIV vaccine trials. Their practices and perspectives are compared with ethics guideline requirements for standards of prevention.

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41

van der Werf-Davelaar, Titia. "Facilitating scholarly communication in African Studies". Africa Bibliography 2004 (dicembre 2005): vii—xvii. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/abib.2004.vii.

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Web publishing and its technical possibilities, and the open access movement that has accompanied it, have resulted in a number of tendencies with mixed implications for scholarly communication. This article examines the impact of these changes in the field of the African studies, where the North-South divide in scientific publishing poses an additional challenge to the issues at stake. It looks at several initiatives taken by the Africanist scholarly community in the Netherlands to bridge the divide, in particular the establishment of a digital platform for African studies. It concludes that these initiatives are all geared towards redressing the balance and establishing open scholarly communication on an equal footing, but that true open access can only be achieved if practised both ways (by North and South) and not at the expense of academic quality standards. In addition, it requires the active commitment of each and every individual scholar. This commitment still needs to grow in Africanist circles.

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Cloete, Nico, e Johan Muller. "South African higher education reform: what comes after post-colonialism?" European Review 6, n. 4 (ottobre 1998): 525–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798700003653.

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Since the fall of the apartheid regime South African higher education has begun to undergo a process of fundamental transformation. First-world universities, which were beneficiaries (however unwilling) of past racial inequalities, have had to adapt to the urgent needs of what is a post-colonial and, for the majority of its citizens, a third-world society. South Africa, therefore, provides a particularly sharp example of the encounter between a higher education system established within the European tradition, in terms of both its institutional and its academic culture, and a society in the process of radical change. This encounter has been mediated through the work of the National Commission on Higher Education which attempted to produce a compromise that would enable South African higher education to be both ‘Western’ (in terms of academic values and scientific standards) and also ‘African’ (in terms of its contribution to building the capacities of all the people of South Africa). The tension between the university's claims to represent universal knowledge and the counter-claims that ‘local’ knowledge traditions should be accorded greater respect, therefore, is much sharper than in Europe.

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Du Toit, Mariette, Johanita R. Burger, Dorcas M. Rakumakoe e Malie Rheeders. "Standards of aminoglycoside therapeutic drug monitoring in a South African private hospital: perspectives and implications". Ghana Medical Journal 53, n. 1 (10 marzo 2019): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gmj.v53i1.2.

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44

Ebrahim, Hasina Banu. "Foregrounding silences in the South African National Early Learning Standards for birth to four years". European Early Childhood Education Research Journal 22, n. 1 (30 ottobre 2012): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1350293x.2012.738869.

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45

Thurik, A. Roy. "Productivity in Small Business: An Analysis Using African Data". American Journal of Small Business 11, n. 1 (luglio 1986): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104225878601100103.

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Abstract (sommario):

Labor and floorspace cost functions are derived for small business trade. Relationships are proposed between average volume of labor or average floorspace per establishment on the one hand, and average size per establishment, average rental paid, percentage selling space, and indicators of business type and location on the other. Promising estimation results are reported using South African data of 1979/1980. The method however Is not restricted to the South African case. A productivity business support system can be developed providing productivity standards for any area in the small (service) business. An analysis similar to the one presented here, but relating to the area in question, should precede the development of such a system.

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46

Vermeulen, M., e Y. Yaffar. "Consolidation of the number of treasury shares: The South African experience". South African Journal of Business Management 45, n. 1 (31 marzo 2014): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v45i1.118.

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Unlike most other values found in companies’ annual reports, there are no accounting standards that prescribe the calculation of market capitalisation and net asset value per share. These two figures play quite a significant role whenvaluing and comparing different companies. It is also frequently used in determining when a company should repurchase its own shares. In South Africa the number of the holding company’s shares can differ from the total number of the group’s shares after consolidation, as subsidiaries and share trusts are allowed to hold shares in their holding company. The published financial statements of a sample of JSE-listed companies were investigated to determine which number of shares companies use to calculate net asset value per share and market capitalisation, and if it is used consistently. Eight different combinations of consolidated and unconsolidated numbers of shares were found in the calculations of market capitalisation and net asset value per share showing inconsistency in application across the JSE-listed companies

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47

Dimi, Lucien O., Nirupa Padia e Warren Maroun. "The usefulness of South African annual reports as at December 2010". Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences 7, n. 1 (30 aprile 2014): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jef.v7i1.129.

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This article provides an account of the extent to which South African annual reports, as at the end of 2010, comply with the fundamental and enhancing qualitative characteristics of decision-useful information. Using the frameworks provided by the International Accounting Standards Board and Integrated Reporting Committee of South Africa, the research provides a normative assessment of the quality of South African annual reports at the transition to integrated reporting, which can be used by future researchers wishing to study the effect of an integrated reporting model on corporate reporting. Based on the views of a selection of corporate reporting experts, the article finds that certain aspects of South African companies’ corporate reports are regarded as providing useful information to users. There are also areas in need of improvement, most notably the disclosure of non-financial information and the integration of this information with the financial performance and strategic vision of the organisation.

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Kleynhans, Carina, e Joseph Roberson. "Barriers to the practice of benchmarking in South African restaurants". Problems and Perspectives in Management 15, n. 2 (26 luglio 2017): 255–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.15(2-1).2017.09.

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The main purpose of this study is to find the barriers of benchmarking use in independent full-service restaurants in South Africa. The global restaurant industry entities operate in a highly competitive environment, and restaurateurs should have a visible ad¬vantage over competitors. A competitive advantage can be achieved only if the quality standards in terms of food and beverage products, service quality, relevant technology and price are comparable to the industry leaders. This study has deployed a descriptive, quantitative research design on the basis of a relatively large sample of restaurateurs. The data was collected through the SurveyMonkey website using a standardised questionnaire The questionnaire was mailed to 2699 restaurateurs, and 109 respondents returned fully completed answer sheets. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The main findings were as follows: 43% of respondents had never done benchmarking; only 5.5% respondents considered themselves as highly knowledgeable about benchmarking; respondents thought that the most significant barriers to benchmarking were difficulties with obtaining exemplar (benchmarking partner) best-practice information and adapting the anomalous (own) practices to derive a benefit from best practices. The results of this study should be used to shape the knowledge about benchmarking practices in order to develop suitable solutions for the problems in South African restaurants.

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49

Hastings, Thomas. "Leveraging Nordic links: South African labour’s role in regulating labour standards in wine global production networks". Journal of Economic Geography 19, n. 4 (20 giugno 2019): 921–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbz010.

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Abstract There are established difficulties in upholding private standards within global production networks (GPNs) through the use of multi-stakeholder initiatives (MSIs). Taking the case of wine production in South Africa, the article examines labour’s role in leveraging new approaches to labour regulation in the interests of improved working standards and opportunities for labour organising. To do this, the paper adopts an extended take on the GPN framework which focuses on labour’s own networked capabilities. The role of worker agency in forging international connections and new relational geographies between unions and civil society organisations across wine GPNs (in particular between South Africa and Scandinavia) is explored. By applying pressure within and through these networks, workers are shown to encourage new approaches to private governance in the interests of improved worker rights on the ground.

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Machingaidze, Shingai, Babalwa Zani, Amber Abrams, Solange Durao, Quinette Louw, Tamara Kredo, Karen Grimmer e Taryn Young. "Series: Clinical Epidemiology in South Africa. Paper 2: Quality and reporting standards of South African primary care clinical practice guidelines". Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 83 (marzo 2017): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.09.015.

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