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1
Surdilovic, Tihomir. "Fuzzy Mouse Cursor Control System for Computer Users with Spinal Cord Injuries". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2006. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/cs_theses/49.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
People with severe motor-impairments due to Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) or Spinal Cord Dysfunction (SCD), often experience difficulty with accurate and efficient control of pointing devices (Keates et al., 02). Usually this leads to their limited integration to society as well as limited unassisted control over the environment. The questions “How can someone with severe motor-impairments perform mouse pointer control as accurately and efficiently as an able-bodied person?” and “How can these interactions be advanced through use of Computational Intelligence (CI)?” are the driving forces behind the research described in this paper. Through this research, a novel fuzzy mouse cursor control system (FMCCS) is developed. The goal of this system is to simplify and improve efficiency of cursor control and its interactions on the computer screen by applying fuzzy logic in its decision-making to make disabled Internet users use the networked computer conveniently and easily. The FMCCS core consists of several fuzzy control functions, which define different user interactions with the system. The development of novel cursor control system is based on utilization of motor functions that are still available to most complete paraplegics, having capability of limited vision and breathing control. One of the biggest obstacles of developing human computer interfaces for disabled people focusing primarily on eyesight and breath control is user’s limited strength, stamina, and reaction time. Within the FMCCS developed in this research, these limitations are minimized through the use of a novel pneumatic input device and intelligent control algorithms for soft data analysis, fuzzy logic and user feedback assistance during operation. The new system is developed using a reliable and cheap sensory system and available computing techniques. Initial experiments with healthy and SCI subjects have clearly demonstrated benefits and promising performance of the new system: the FMCCS is accessible for people with severe SCI; it is adaptable to user specific capabilities and wishes; it is easy to learn and operate; point-to-point movement is responsive, precise and fast. The integrated sophisticated interaction features, good movement control without strain and clinical risks, as well the fact that quadriplegics, whose breathing is assisted by a respirator machine, still possess enough control to use the new system with ease, provide a promising framework for future FMCCS applications. The most motivating leverage for further FMCCS development is however, the positive feedback from persons who tested the first system prototype.
2
Tsai, Dilys Tsai-Hsuan. "A usability assessment of a specific alternative computer input device for users with spinal cord injuries". Thesis, De Montfort University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/10708.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The salient point of this research was to investigate the key factors of assistive devices for people with severe physical disabilities, i.e. spinal cord injury, when selecting and using an input device. The area of study was also concerned with validating a new computer device to enable those individuals with upper-limb impairments to engage the benefits of computer technology, via both user-issue and scientific-based evaluations. A specific methodology, concermng both user-Issue and scientific-evidence, was proposed for the studies related to assistive technology outcome measures. In order to validate the proposed methodology, the research work began with an in-depth survey (Study A), to give an insight into the present selection and utilisation of input devices among those computer users with spinal cord injuries and identify their specific needs when using a computer. Following the findings of this contextual survey, a SCI users' needs hierarchy was proposed for input device selection and use. Specific touchscreen devices, which matched the criteria in the hierarchy, were suggested as a possible solution for users with severe upper-limb disorders. Then, a series of user-centred validation studies, involving a pilot simulation study associated with a dimensional issue of an input device (Study B), followed by usability evaluations at the introductory phase (Study C), after short-term use and training (Study D) and after longer-term use and outcome comparisons (Study E), were carried out. The user perspectives and scientific data obtained from the usability assessments form the SCI subjects were used not only to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the assistive device, but also to fill the gap between the merely psychological/psychosocial-based measures and the merely scientific-focus evaluation. By merging a specific research technique and a systematic measuring procedure, a conceptual model for evaluating assistive technology outcome measures has been provided for this field of study. Moreover, this research has shown that the integration of user-issue and scientific-evidence can increase the reliability and validity of this type of device outcome measures and, therefore, attain a good match between users and the technology employed.
3
Rathore, Khizr Iqbal. "Iron homeostasis in the injured spinal cord". Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=86672.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Iron is essential for life, but its redox activity can render it toxic under certain conditions. Mammalian cells and the organism as a whole have evolved several mechanisms to acquire and utilize iron. The dysregulation of these iron homeostatic mechanisms can cause a number of human diseases and is likely to be a contributing factor in many disorders of the nervous system. Traumatic injuries to the central nervous system (CNS) that result in hemorrhage and cellular disruption can also be associated with impaired iron homeostasis. However, little work has been done to understand the molecular control of iron homeostasis after CNS trauma. The main aim of my thesis research was to investigate the mechanisms underlying the handling of iron after spinal cord injury (SCI) and its impact on secondary pathology and locomotor recovery.In Chapter 2, I carried out a detailed assessment of the localization of iron, and the expression of proteins involved in its trafficking and storage after SCI in mice. This data revealed important and distinct roles for macrophages and astrocytes in iron homeostasis after SCI. In addition, the work showed that iron-loaded macrophages remain at the lesion site for extended periods of time and eventually release their iron, contributing to delayed toxicity. I also examined the role of ceruloplasmin in the iron homeostatic response to SCI using Cp-/- mice. These studies demonstrated that CP plays an important protective role in the injured spinal cord.
In Chapter 3, I sought to further investigate how inflammatory signals (cytokines) may regulate iron homeostasis in astrocytes and microglia. As SCI is known to be associated with a robust inflammatory response involving TNF-a and TGF-b1, I assessed the effects of these cytokines on iron homeostasis in astrocytes and microglia. The studies showed that these two glial cell types exhibit distinct iron homeostatic responses to TNF-a and TGF-b1, and help explain some of the in vivo results seen in SCI. The SCI work also revealed that macrophages phagocytose red blood cells (RBC) at the injury site. I therefore assessed the effects of RBC phagocytosis on the cytokine expression profile of macrophages in vitro. These results (presented in chapter 3) show that RBC phagocytosis results in a switch from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory cytokine expression; thus suggesting that macrophages that have phagocytosed RBCs in SCI may be anti-inflammatory and pro-fibrogenic in nature. Finally in Chapter 4, I examined the role of the iron binding protein Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) in SCI. In this chapter I show that the expression of Lcn2 and its receptor are increased in CNS cells, as well as certain types of invading immune cells after SCI. Using Lcn2-/- mice, I show that Lcn2 plays a detrimental role, and that it contributes to inflammation and secondary cell death after SCI.
Together the results presented in this thesis shed light on the iron homeostatic response and its interplay with inflammation in spinal cord injury.
Le fer est essentiel pour les organismes vivants. Toutefois, son pouvoir oxydoréducteur peut le rendre toxique dans certaines conditions. Les mammifères ont développé plusieurs mécanismes cellulaires pour capter et utiliser le fer, or le dérèglement de ces derniers peut mener à de nombreuses maladies chez l'homme. Plus spécifiquement, des défauts de l'homéostasie ferrique sont impliqués dans de nombreuses pathologies du système nerveux central (SNC), comme par exemple les lésions traumatiques menant à des hémorragies et des lyses cellulaires. Néanmoins, très peu d'études ont été entreprises à ce jour pour comprendre les mécanismes moléculaires contrôlant l'homéostasie du fer qui se mettent en place à la suite de traumatismes du système nerveux. Le but principal de ma thèse a été d'étudier les mécanismes moléculaires de prise en charge du fer après des lésions de la moelle épinière (LME), ainsi que leurs impacts sur les pathologies secondaires liées à ces lésions et le rétablissement de la locomotion.
Une évaluation détaillée de la localisation du fer et des protéines impliquées dans son transport et son stockage après induction de LME chez la souris a été entreprise (chapitre 2). Ces analyses ont révélé que les astrocytes et les macrophages jouent un rôle primordial et distinct dans l'homéostasie ferrique. En effet, cette étude a démontré que pour contribuer à retarder la toxicité, les macrophages chargés de fer demeurent sur le lieu de la lésion durant une période prolongée avant d'éventuellement relâcher leur fer. J'ai également examiné le rôle de la ceruloplasmine en utilisant des souris Cp-/-, révélant que cette dernière protège la moelle épinière lors de lésions.
Ensuite, j'ai poursuivi mes investigations pour savoir comment les signaux inflammatoires tels que les cytokines peuvent réguler l'homéostasie ferrique des astrocytes et des microglies (chapitre 3). Les LME sont connues pour être associées à une forte réponse inflammatoire qui implique les cytonkines TNF-a et TGFb1. En conséquence, j'ai évalué les effets de ces dernières sur l'homéostasie ferrique des astrocytes et des microglies. Ces études ont démontré que ces deux types de cellules gliales possèdent une homéostasie ferrique distincte en réponse au TNF-a et TGFb1, pouvant expliquer certains effets des LME observés in vivo. Les études sur les LME ont révélé que les macrophages peuvent phagocyter les globules rouges (GR) au niveau du site de la lésion. J'ai donc entrepris d'étudier les effets de la phagocytose des GR sur le profil d'expression des macrophages in vitro. Les résultats obtenus montrent que la phagocytose des GR induit un transfert d'expression de cytokines pro-inflammatoires à anti-inflammatoires. Cette observation suggère que les macrophages ayant phagocytés les GR lors de LME pourraient êtres de nature anti-inflammatoire et pro-fibrogène.
Finalement, j'ai examiné le rôle de la protéine Lipocaline2 (Lcn2) lors de LME (chapitre 4). Les Lcn2 sont des protéines complexant le fer. J'ai démontré que leur expression ainsi que celle de leurs récepteurs était augmentée dans le SNC suite à des LME, tout comme certains types de cellules envahissantes du système immunitaire. L'utilisation de souris Lcn2-/- m'a permis de démontrer que Lcn2 joue un rôle nuisible en contribuant à la mort cellulaire post- LME par des voies inflammatoires et secondaires. Les résultats présentés dans cette thèse ouvrent de nouvelles connaissances sur l'homéostasie ferrique et la réponse inflammatoire réciproque lors de lésions de la moelle épinière.
4
Seelen, Henricus Alexander Maria. "Reorganisation of postural control in spinal cord injured persons". Maastricht : Maastricht : Universiteit Maastricht ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1997. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5900.
Testo completo
5
Malone, Kathleen N. "The effect of body position on spinal cord injured swimmers". Virtual Press, 1990. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/722236.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of this study was to analyze specific biomechanical and physiological variables in disabled swimmers performing a functional backcrawl. The effect of selectively placed flotation devices on the body position, exercise heart rate, and perceived exertion of the swimmer was compared to swimming with no flotation. The participants in the study included eight able-bodied males 21.5 (+2.51) yrs. and four disabled males 29.25 (+2.22) yrs. Each subject performed the backcrawl for 3 consecutive lengths of a 25 meter pool under four separate trial conditions: free swimming, swimming with the hip flotation device, the knee flotation device, and the ankle flotation device. Immediately following each trial a post-exercise heart rate was taken and the subject was asked to rate perceived exertion. Full recovery was allowed after each trial. Trials were video taped and digitized to determine the mean angles at the neck, trunk, hip, and knee during one complete stroke cycle. The investigator recognizes that this generalization presents the possibility for a bias in the data and that further study would warrant the utilization of the different phases of the stroke for determination of body angles. The results of the study demonstrated that a significant difference did exist between the disabled and able-bodied hip angle during free swimming. Within the disabled group, no significant differences were evident when comparing the body angles during free swimming to the same angles while swimming with each of the flotation devices. Correlations between heart rate and ratings of perceived exertion for all subjects (n=12) were significant in each of the four trial conditions.School of Physical Education
6
Paulson, Thomas A. W. "Supporting the prescription of exercise in spinal cord injured populations". Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/13454.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Following a spinal cord injury (SCI), participation in regular exercise can enhance physical capacity and performance in activities of daily living. With this in mind, the use of subjective ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) may provide an easy-to-administer alternative to traditional methods of regulating exercise intensity (e.g. heart rate and power output (PO)). A physically active lifestyle is also associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, in part because exercise exerts anti-inflammatory effects. Examining the plasma response of inflammation-mediating chemical messengers, known as cytokines, to traditional and novel exercise modalities may help maximise the anti-inflammatory potential of regular exercise. Participants with a cervical level SCI successfully self-regulated a 20 min bout of moderate intensity wheelchair propulsion (Chapter three). No differences in physiological or PO responses were observed during the imposed-intensity and self-regulated wheelchair propulsion in the trained population group. In a non-SCI group of novice wheelchair-users, a differentiated RPE specific to the exercising muscle mass (RPEP) was the dominant perceptual signal during submaximal wheelchair propulsion (Chapter four). The novice group successfully self-regulated a 12 min bout of moderate intensity wheelchair propulsion, comprising of a discontinuous 3 x 4 min protocol, using differentiated RPEP. In contrast, a more accurate self-regulation of light intensity wheelchair propulsion was observed when employing traditional overall RPE compared to RPEP. Following strenuous wheelchair propulsion, plasma concentrations of the inflammation-mediating cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) were significantly elevated in non-SCI and thoracic level SCI participants (Chapter five). Impaired sympathetic nervous system (SNS) function was associated with a reduced IL-6 response in participants with a cervical level SCI. The plasma IL-6 response to 30 min moderate intensity (60% VO2peak) arm-crank ergometry (ACE) was associated with an elevation in the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) independent of SNS activation (Chapter six). Light intensity ACE resulted in a small, significant plasma IL-6 response but no IL-1ra response. The addition of functional electrical stimulation-evoked lower-limb cycling to concurrent hand cycling, termed hybrid exercise, resulted in a greater plasma IL-6 response compared to moderate intensity hand cycling alone in participants with a thoracic level SCI (Chapter seven).
7
Alexander, Dennis Jay. "An exploration of factors useful in predicting avoidance behavior among the spinal cord injured /". The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148726460321865.
Testo completo
8
Ghasemlou, Nader. "Cellular and molecular characterization of inflammation in the injured spinal cord". Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111906.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in a well-orchestrated inflammatory response which causes secondary tissue damage. Activated macrophages contribute to this cytotoxic response, which includes damage to neurons, glia and myelin, and tissue loss that worsens functional outcomes after SCI. However, activated macrophages in the spinal cord under other conditions are not cytotoxic, such as after intraspinal injection of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), a potent demyelinating agent. Recovery from SCI may be optimized by reducing the detrimental effects of macrophages while promoting their beneficial ones. Therefore, I compared spinal cord tissue, as well as purified macrophages, from mice after SCI (cytotoxic response) and intraspinal LPC injection (non-cytotoxic response). As a first step to carry out this work, I characterized the injury parameters for SCI contusion injury (i.e. injury force and spinal cord displacement) in mice using the Infinite Horizons impactor (Chapter 2). This lesioning model was used in other work for the thesis. The role T cells may play in mediating macrophage activation after LPC microinjection and SCI was also assessed using Nude mice (Chapter 3). Next, Affymetrix GeneChip analysis was carried out on spinal cord tissue obtained at the peak of the macrophage response after SCI and intraspinal LPC injection to identify potential candidate genes that may control the divergent inflammatory responses (Chapter 4). Several potential genes were identified. I next characterized the expression and role of one of these genes, MAPK activated protein kinase 2 (MK2), and showed that it mediates secondary tissue damage after SCI via several mechanisms (Chapter 5). The differences in gene expression profiles of macrophages purified from the spinal cord after SCI and LPC-injection were also assessed (Chapter 6). This microarray analysis of macrophages led to the identification of 10 novel candidate genes, two of which were validated at the protein level. Finally, I also examined the expression and role of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) in SCI (Chapter 7). Using a combination of knockout/overexpressing transgenic mice and recombinant SLPI, I found that SLPI mediates protective anti-inflammatory effects after SCI. In conclusion, work done for this thesis has led to the identification of several novel molecules that influence the inflammatory response after injury and thus have led to the identification of potentially novel targets for the development of pharmacological approaches to treat acute SCI.
9
Wong, Sze-wing Julia. "Quality of life in spinal cord injured clients in Hong Kong". Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31973012.
Testo completo
10
Coulter, Elaine H. "Wheelchair and walking physical activity in the spinal cord injured population". Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.572802.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Physical Activity (PA) is widely accepted as a deterrent against all cause disease and is especially important for people with Spinal Cord Injury (SCI). People with SCI mobilise by using a wheelchair, walking or a combination of both. Current methods of objectively measuring wheelchair P A are positioned on the wrists or on the rear wheel of the wheelchair and rely on detecting bilateral repetitive wrist movements or are not capable of detecting all wheelchair movement. The main aim of this thesis was to investigate both walking and wheelchair Pain the spinal cord injured population in both the rehabilitation setting and capturing the key transition period of discharge into the community: A secondary aim was to explore the associations between objectively measured P A and clinically used outcomes in the spinal cord injured population. In order to achieve these aims a wheelchair monitoring system that was capable of accurately measuring wheel revolutions and distinguishing the direction of movement was required. A wheelchair monitoring system, consisting of a tri-axial accelerometer positioned on the rear wheel of a wheelchair and an analysis. algorithm as developed and validated. Wheelchair and walking PA levels of participants with acute SCI were measured in the rehabilitation setting and at six weeks and six months post discharge in a cross-sectional and longitudinal study and associations with clinically used outcome measures were assessed. The wheelchair monitoring system was a valid measurement tool capable of accurately measuring wheelchair P A. P A levels of people with SCI were found to vary greatly between participants. There was no statistically significant difference between PA accrued in the rehabilitation and community settings although there was a trend for PA to increase in the community. Associations were also found between wheelchair P A and age and outcome measures such as muscle strength, sensation, functional ability and physical performance. The studies within this thesis are the first to quantify and detail the wheelchair, walking and the combination of walking and wheelchair use of participants with a SCI in the rehabilitation and community settings, and to assess the associations between P A and clinically used outcome measures in the spinal cord injured population.
11
Kinikou, Maria. "Proprioceptive modulation of flexion withdrawal reflex in spinal cord injured subjects". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366795.
Testo completo
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Meacham, Kathleen Williams. "Selective surface activation of motor circuitry in the injured spinal cord". Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26571.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (Ph.D)--Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.Committee Co-Chair: Shawn Hochman; Committee Co-Chair: Stephen P. DeWeerth; Committee Member: Lena Ting; Committee Member: Robert J. Butera; Committee Member: Robert Lee; Committee Member: Vivian K. Mushahwar. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
13
Henwood, Penelope Kathleen. "Exploring perceptions of chronic neuropathic pain in spinal cord injured persons". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26653.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of this thesis was to explore the effects of chronic neuropathic pain (CNP) and the process of acceptance of pain as it relates to adjustment to CNP in spinal cord injured (SCI) persons. The participants in two qualitative studies were community-living SCI persons who have CNP. They were currently or had previously received treatment at the out-patient clinic of a regional rehabilitation center. The first study involved a constant comparative analysis of narrative data obtained during three focus groups with 24 SCI persons. The second study involved a grounded theory approach to develop a conceptual framework that describes the process of 'acceptance' of CNP in SCI persons. The data was obtained during in-depth interviews with seven SCI persons with CNP.
In Study 1, four interrelated themes emerged that illustrate the multidimensional impact of CNP in SCI. These themes include 'nature of pain', 'coping', 'medication failure', and 'pain impact'. In Study 2, the basic social process to describe acceptance of pain was 'moving forward with pain'. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
14
Mirbagheri, M. Mehdi (Mohammad Mehdi). "Intrinsic and reflex stiffness in normal & spastic spinal cord injured subjects". Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36823.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The contributions of stretch reflexes to overall joint stiffness are unknown in normal and pathological function. The main reason for this is difficulty in distinguishing the mechanical contributions of the two mechanisms. We used a new non-linear system identification technique to achieve this and address three specific objectives.First, we identified intrinsic and reflex contributions to dynamic ankle stiffness over a wide range of tonic voluntary contraction levels and ankle positions in healthy human subjects (normals). Intrinsic and reflex dynamic stiffness were strongly modulated with operating points; reflex mechanisms made their largest relative contribution to ankle stiffness at low levels of contraction and near the mid-positions. In some cases, reflexes contributed significantly to overall torque indicating that stretch reflexes have a potential to play a significant role in control of posture and movement.
Second, we examined the nature and origin of mechanical abnormalities associated with spasticity in chronic spinal cord injured subjects (SCIs). Reflex and intrinsic stiffness were larger in SCIs than normals. The magnitude and relative size of the changes were strongly dependent on joint position and contraction state. Overall joint stiffness was abnormally and significantly high in SCIs and stretch reflexes contributed strongly to it.
Third, we explored the effects of long-term FES-assisted walking on intrinsic and reflex dynamic stiffness in SCIs. Both reflex and intrinsic stiffness decreased substantially following long-term (>16 months) FES-assisted walking. The results indicate that this rehabilitation approach may cause spastic joint mechanics to become closer to normal behavior, and consequently could be useful for treatment as well as restoring function.
15
Wong, Sui-to. "Migratory cells that upregulate chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in the injured spinal cord /". View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31495503.
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Thota, Anil Kumar. "NEUROMECHANICAL CONTROL OF LOCOMOTION IN INTACT AND INCOMPLETE SPINAL CORD INJURED RATS". UKnowledge, 2004. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/195.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Rodent models are being extensively used to investigate the effects of traumatic injuryand to develop and assess the mechanisms of repair and regeneration. We presentquantitative assessment of 2D kinematics of overground walking and for the first time3D joint angle kinematics of all four limbs during treadmill walking in the intact and inincomplete spinal cord contusion injured (iSCI) adult female Long Evans rats. Phaserelationship between joint angles on a cycle-by-cycle basis and interlimb footfalls areassessed using a simple technique. Electromyogram (EMG) data from major flexor andextensor muscles for each of the hindlimb joints and elbow extensor muscles of theforelimbs synchronized to the 3D kinematics is also obtained in intact rats. EMG activityindicates specific relationships of the neural activity to joint angle kinematics. We findthat the ankle flexors as well as the hip and elbow extensors maintain constant burstduration with changing cycle duration. Overground walking kinematics providesinformation on stance width (SW), stride length (SL) and hindfoot rotation (Rot). SW andRot increased in iSCI rats. Treadmill walking kinematics provides information on jointangle trajectories. In iSCI rats double burst pattern in ankle angle as seen in intact ratsis lost and knee extension and range are reduced. Intra and interlimb coordination isimpaired. Left-right interlimb coordination and forelimb kinematics are not alteredsignificantly. In iSCI rats, maximum flexion of the knee during swing occurs in phasewith the hip as opposed to knee flexion preceeding hip flexion in intact rats. A mildexercise regimen in intact rats over eight weeks does not alter the kinematics.
17
Wong, Sui-to, e 黃瑞濤. "Migratory cells that upregulate chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in the injured spinal cord". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45010493.
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18
Nock, Bonnie J. (Bonnie Jean). "Echocardiographic Assessment of the Left Ventricle in the Spinal Cord Injured Patient". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500420/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Ten caucasian male quadriplegics were compared with eight sedentary caucasian male controls in regards to left ventricular dimensions and mass obtained from echocardiograrns. The interventricular septum (IVS), left ventricular posterior wall (LVPW) and left ventricular internal diameter (LVII) were within normal limits for both groups. However, the INS in the SCI were significantly thicker than controls (p <0.05). Myocardial thickness was larger in SCI subjects (p <0.05). Absolute left ventricular mass (LVM) and total left ventricular volume was not different ( p > 0.05), but SCI subjects had significantly greater LVM to lean body mass ratios. Echocardiographically, SCI patients demonstrate concentric hypertrophy. This suggests adaptive response to chronic increase in afterload pressure secondary to their daily activities and muscle spasticity.
19
Horner, Philip John. "Dynamic metabolic and vascular considerations of fetal spinal tissue grafted into the traumatically injured spinal cord /". The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487863429095884.
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Chen, Yi. "Re-educating the injured spinal cord by operant conditioning of a reflex pathway". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1147873519.
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Roshan, Moniri Nazanin. "Vascular changes in spinal cord injured animals with repetitive episodes of autonomic dysreflexia". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43531.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that not only leads to paralysis, but also causes dramatic changes in cardiovascular function. Individuals with cervical or high thoracic SCI commonly suffer from a life threatening condition known as autonomic dysreflexia (AD). AD is characterized by episodic hypertension─ an exaggerated sympathetic response triggered by irritating stimulus below the level of injury e.g. distended bladder. As a lifespan of SCI patients increases, cardiovascular-related illnesses become more prevalent. Recent studies suggest marked vascular dysfunction within the critical splanchnic vascular bed. Mesenteric arteries from rats with chronic high-thoracic SCI are hypersensitive to the α₁-adrenoceptor agonist PE. The hypersensitivity of splanchnic vascular bed in response to PE develops over time after SCI and may contribute to the development of AD. In this dissertation, I examined the morphological changes in peripheral vasculature following repetitive episodes of AD in animals with high SCI. I hypothesized that recurrent episodes of AD will trigger an inward eutrophic remodeling in peripheral resistance arteries of SCI rats. In this study, male Wistar rats with complete spinal cord transection at third (T3) thoracic segment were utilized. At 2 weeks after the injury, AD was induced in rats with T3 SCI using CRD. 4 weeks following injury superior mesenteric (SMA) arteries and primary branches (PMA) were collected from T3 SCI-only, T3+CRD and control uninjured rats. Morphological characteristics such as media thickness, lumen diameter, wall-to-lumen ratio and wall cross sectional area (CSA) of the arteries were evaluated. Results suggest that AD induced through CRD lead to structural remodeling of PMAs, but no changes were observed in SMAs of CRD group. Media thickness, wall-to-lumen ratio significantly increased in PMAs of CRD group; lumen diameter and CSA of PMAs in CRD did not change when compared to T3 SCI-only and uninjured groups. The data support eutrophic (no change in CSA) remodeling of PMAs in CRD group, but failed to show a reduction in lumen diameter (inward changes) of these arteries. The findings of the study highlight the underlying effect of AD on structural remodeling of vasculature following an injury.
22
Ruckstuhl-Knüsel, Heidi. "Mechanics of the shoulder complex and clinical investigation in spinal cord injured individuals /". Zürich : ETH, 2008. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17638.
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Milligan, Maureen Susan. "Postinjury marriage to spinal cord injured men, women's perspective on making a commitment". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq20842.pdf.
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Leroux, Alain. "Locomotor and postural adaptations to inclined walking in healthy and spinal cord injured subjects". Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=37762.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This research project investigated locomotor and postural strategies to adapt to uphill and downhill treadmill walking in healthy and spinal cord injured (SCI) subjects. In the first experiment, subjects from both groups walked uphill at three different inclinations (5, 10 and 15º) while holding on to the handrails on the treadmill. The goal of this first experiment was to characterize changes in lower limb movements and muscle activity patterns required for up-slope walking. The results showed that the key mechanism when adapting to uphill walking in healthy subjects was to lift up the swinging limb by performing a simultaneous increase in hip and knee flexion of that limb. An increase in ankle dorsiflexion was also required to place the foot properly on the inclined surface. Modifications in lower limb movements were accompanied by progressive increases in the peak amplitude of electromyographic activity of lower limb muscles as the treadmill grade went steeper. The most important increase was observed in the plantarflexor muscles during push off. This increase in muscle activity was necessary to propel the body forward and upward and counteract the resistance due to gravity in uphill conditions. In SCI subjects, a similar trend of adaptation was found only at the hip during uphill walking. Furthermore, the majority of lower limb muscles, including ankle plantarflexors, showed very limited adaptation during uphill walking. The limited changes observed in lower limb movements and muscle activity suggest that SCI subjects have to used different strategies than healthy subjects to adapt to uphill walking. These strategies could involve movements from the trunk and pelvis to compensate for lower limb deficits.The second experiment specifically focused on the role of the trunk and pelvis in the strategies of adaptation to uphill and downhill treadmill walking in healthy and SCI subjects. Results from healthy subjects showed that walking on an inclined surface required modifications in trunk and pelvic vertical alignment in the sagittal plane. Uphill walking induced a progressive forward inclination of both trunk and pelvis whereas the opposite trend was found in downhill conditions. These modifications in trunk and pelvic alignment are necessary to counteract the effects of gravity on forward momentum at different slope conditions. In contrast to healthy subjects, SCI subjects with minor deficits in lower limb kinematic patterns showed a greater forward inclination of both trunk and pelvis during level and inclined walking, especially in downhill conditions where both segments were maintained at similar inclination as in level gait. SCI subjects with major deficits revealed analogous (but more pronounced) feature in trunk and pelvic orientation during walking. The whole group of subjects with SCI seemed to adopt this anterior posture to benefit from greater stability during level and inclined walking. Results from frontal and transverse plane motions revealed that compensatory movements from trunk and pelvis were performed only by subjects with SCI showing severe mobility dysfunctions. These compensatory movements were maintained similar across treadmill grades. Results from subjects with SCI and healthy subjects did not show any significant changes in trunk and pelvic total angular excursions in the three planes of motion when comparing level and inclined walking. This absence of changes suggests that lower limbs are mainly responsible for generating or absorbing more energy during uphill and downhill walking in these two groups of subjects.
25
Davies, Diane Susan. "Effects of lifestyle risks on three major disease outcomes in spinal cord injured adults". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq22296.pdf.
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26
Pepper, Melinda Dorothy. "THE EFFECT OF RELAXATION THERAPY ON MUSCLE SPASTICITY IN THE SPINAL CORD INJURED INDIVIDUAL". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275427.
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Kunzmann, Richard. "The self-concept of spinally-injured people : the role of frequent internet communication within cyber-communities". Pretoria : [s.n.], 2002. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10132005-122701/.
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28
Joghtaei, Mahmoud. "Regulation of FES parameters for reduced muscle fatigue in long term spinal cord injured individuals". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5008/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a medical condition that occurs as a result of trauma, sickness or brain injury and as a result the connection between the brain and some part of the body is lost. This will result in tremendous changes in the daily life of the individual affected. Secondary complications arising from SCI are of very importance as well since some of them if left unattended, will result in life treating conditions. Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is one of the methods developed by researchers in order to get paralysed limbs functional with the help of electrical stimulation once again but the issue of muscle fatigue is limiting the efficiency of this method. In this thesis the primary and secondary matters arising from SCI are discussed and a CAD-based VN4D humanoid model integrated with Matlab/ Simulink, for use as a platform for analysis, design and evaluation of the developed strategies and approaches in this research is developed. Muscle models using different methodologies are developed in order to represent the reaction of the paralysed muscle to electrical stimulation and their output torque once moved. It was decided that the best model to represent the muscle is the proposed ANFIS model which was then integrated into the VN4D model. One of the main limitations of FES which is rapid muscle fatigue is studied in depth and the stimulation parameters which are having the greatest impact on the muscle fatigue are identified. It was determined that frequency modulation results in faster muscle fatigue therefore the controlled parameter is set to be pulse width after an experiment on 15 SCI individuals. Different control methodologies, including PID, fuzzy, adaptive neuro-fuzzy and iterative learning control (ILC) to move the simulated paralyzed model previously build using VN4D are explained and has been suggested that fuzzy and PID resulted in fatigue happening later once compared with adaptive and iterative learning control. This is made possible by the study of the trend of changes in pulse width and the amount of energy induced to the muscles. While all four control methods are showing great results once compared to a reference trajectory, adaptive and ILC controllers have induced greater amount of energy to the muscles resulting in faster fatigue. Two practical FES exercise activities including FES leg extension exercise and FES rowing are designed and controlled in a feedback control setting. It is realised that by employing mechanical facilitators in an FES activity a smoother performance is derived and less fatigue is induced in the muscles resulting in the individual being able to exercise for a longer period of time without damaging any tissue or bone. In summary, this work resulted in development of a new generalised accurate muscle model which was then used to display that how the issue of premature fatigue is affecting the performance of an FES exercise machine and how the control parameters and the choice of control strategy will result in different amount of energy induced in the muscles which in return results in fatigue showing in the earlier cycles of the movement. Further experiments are carried out on a group of spinal cord injured individuals and two FES exercise facilities, FES leg extension exercise machine and FES rowing machine, are further developed.
29
Love, Janine Ann. "Respiratory management of the mechanically ventilated spinal cord injured patient in a critical care unit". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008451.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Spinal Cord Injuries (SCIs) are traumatic, life-changing injuries that can affect every aspect of an individual's life and can lead to death if not treated timeously and appropriately. Respiratory complications occur frequently after the SCI and are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity. Respiratory complications are predictable based on the neurological level of impairment of the spinal cord lesion; the higher the neurological injury, the more severe the respiratory complication. Changes in pulmonary function, poor cough, hypersecretion, immobility and bronchospasm all contribute to the development of respiratory complications. If the patient is unable to protect his/her airway or if respiratory failure occurs, mechanical ventilation is often required. Many patients require prolonged ventilation and subsequently need to go for tracheostomies. The critical care nurse plays an important role in the early identification of complications and can, therefore, act to limit and prevent these complications, which may be a direct result from the injury or treatment modality such as mechanical ventilation. Respiratory management has been promoted in preventing and treating respiratory complications and is associated with better prognosis in the SCI patient. Design and method: The research study aims to explore and describe existing literature and to make recommendations for the respiratory management of a mechanically ventilated spinal cord injured patient in a critical care unit (CCU). A systematic review was undertaken with clear inclusion and exclusion criteria. Ethical principles were maintained throughout the study. The quality of the study was ensured by critically appraising data that was utilized in the systematic review. It is envisaged that the results from this systematic review will improve the respiratory management of the SCI patient and prevent any variations in practice. Results: Were presented under the following themes: priorities of care for the SCI patient in the acute phase, during the critical care phase and preventative care. Conclusion: The SCI patient regardless of the neurological level or completeness of injury should be admitted to the CCU for intensive ventilatory, cardiopulmonary support and hemodynamic monitoring in order to detect and prevent respiratory complications. The use of larger tidal volumes is associated with improved comfort and less dyspnea however if a patient has acute lung injury or ARDS the use of low tidal volumes 6ml/kg is recommended. Prevention and early identification of respiratory complications is associated with improved outcomes for the SCI patient.
30
Spilker, Mark H. (Mark Henry) 1971. "The effect of a porous collagen-glycosaminoglycan matrix on healing of the injured rat spinal cord". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44483.
Testo completo
31
Pennycott, Andrew. "The application of estimation and control techniques in 2 modes of exercise for the spinal cord injured". Thesis, Connect to e-thesis, 2008. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/185/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Glasgow, 2008.Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Glasgow, 2008. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.
32
Demchak, Timothy J. "Efficacy of functional electric stimulation cycle ergometry training on lower limb muscles in spinal cord injured individuals /". The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486397841222992.
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33
Kamper, Derek Gary. "Evaluation and modeling of the seated postural control of spinal cord-injured individuals exposed to sustained disturbances /". The Ohio State University, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487945015615727.
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34
Middleton, Devon. "ACQUISITION, PROCESSING, AND ANALYSIS OF DIFFUSION TENSOR IMAGING AND ATROPHY MRI IN THE INJURED PEDIATRIC SPINAL CORD". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/470546.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
BioengineeringPh.D.
Spinal cord injury has the potential to be debilitating, particularly in the pediatric population. Identification of the exact injury level can be difficult from conventional structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans, and younger children often have difficulty in participating in the clinical examinations that define neurologic damage. Because of limitations of existing clinical examinations and conventional imaging, more advanced quantitative imaging techniques are important for improvement in diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of spinal cord injury. A quantitative characterization of the full spinal cord injury from both a functional and structural perspective has not been performed in pediatric subjects and has potential to provide important diagnostic and prognostic information. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) gives a non-invasive quantification of water diffusion in the spinal cord and can provide insight into white matter integrity, while high resolution volumetric imaging can determine cord cross sectional area reflecting atrophy occurring post injury. Multiple challenges exist in analysis of pediatric spinal cord data, including physiological motion, low signal-to-noise, thermal noise and image artifact, and cumbersome measurements of cord morphology. In this work, a complete pipeline for the acquisition and analysis of both functional DTI data and high resolution structural data is designed, tested, and implemented including MR image acquisition, motion correction, diffusion tensor estimation, region of interest analysis, and semi-automated cord cross sectional area measurement. Data for both healthy subjects and subjects with spinal cord injury is collected and significant correlations are shown between DTI and cord morphology metrics. This characterization of the injured spinal cord using both structural and functional data has the potential to offer important new information for examination of spinal cord injury.
Temple University--Theses
35
Špakauskas, Bronius. "Trauminio nugaros smegenų pažeidimo ir stuburo kanalo susiaurėjimo sąsajų tyrimas". Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070305_122159-82453.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The tasks of the study were as follows: to investigate histological findings of the spinal cord two hours after a trauma; to investigate the influence of the narrowing of spinal canal on the histological changes development of the injured spinal cord; to estimate the influence of the spinal cord surgical decompression performed within twenty hours after the cervical spine trauma on its clinical signs of the changes of the injury; to determinate the relationship between the duration of the cervical spinal cord compression and its clinical signs of changes of the injury. The main results: The hemorrhages in the gray matter and within the perivascular spaces of the spinal cord and beneath it dura mater, blood stasis in the vessels of the spinal cord gray matter and the thrombosis of the superficial spinal cord vessels, ischemic neurons were established in axial sections of the spinal cord two hours after the experimental trauma. The degree of pericellular edema established in axial sections of the spinal cord stained with hematoxylin and eosin by light microscopy two hours after the experimental trauma was more severe for the laboratory animals which underwent reduction of vertical diameter of the spinal canal by 50 % followed by spinal cord compression. The cervical spinal cord decompression performed within twenty four hours after trauma provided significant neurologic recovery twelve months after surgical intervention. The decompression of the injured spinal cord manifested... [to full text]
36
Price, Michael James. "Thermoregulatory responses of spinal cord injured and able-bodied athletes to prolonged upper body exercise and thermal stress". Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338486.
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37
Basta, Susan Marie. "Pressure sore prevention self-efficacy and outcome expectations in the spinal cord-injured : a validity and reliability study /". The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487775034176634.
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38
Schizas, Nikos. "Neuroprotection in the Injured Spinal Cord : Novel Strategies using Immunomodulation, Stem cell Transplantation and Hyaluronic acid Hydrogel carriers". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Ortopedi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-251477.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The overall aim of this thesis was to establish strategies to minimize secondary damage to the injured spinal cord. Secondary damage that follows spinal cord injury (SCI) involves inflammatory and excitotoxic pathways. Regulation of these pathways using immunomodulatory and neuroprotective substances potentially protects the injured spinal cord from further damage. We also developed and studied resorbable biomaterials to be used as carriers for potential neuroprotectants to the injured spinal cord. We used transversal spinal cord slice cultures (SCSCs) derived from postnatal mice as a model. SCSCs were maintained on different biomaterials and were studied after treatment with immunomodulatory and/or neurotrophic factors. They were further excitotoxically injured and subsequently treated with interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL1RA) or by neural crest stem cell (NCSC)-transplantation. The results show that biocompatible and resorbable hydrogels based on hyaluronic acid (HA) preserved neurons in SCSCs to a much higher extent than a conventional collagen-based biomaterial or standard polyethylene terephthalate (PET) membrane inserts. Glial activation was limited in the cultures maintained on HA-based hydrogel. The anti-inflammatory factor IL1RA protected SCSCs from degenerative mechanisms that occur during in vitro incubation, and IL1RA also protected SCSCs from excitotoxic injury induced by N-Methyl-d-Aspartate (NMDA). IL1RA specifically protected neurons that resided in the ventral horn, while other neuronal populations such as dorsal horn neurons and Renshaw cells did not respond to treatment. Finally, transplantation of NCSCs onto excitotoxically injured SCSCs protected from neuronal loss, apoptosis and glial activation, while NCSCs remained undifferentiated. The results presented in this thesis indicate that carriers based on HA seem to be more suitable than conventional collagen-based biomaterials since they enhance neuronal survival per se. The observed neuroprotection is likely due to biomechanical properties of HA. IL1RA protects SCSCs from spontaneous degeneration and from NMDA-induced injury, suggesting that excitotoxic mechanisms can be modulated through anti-inflammatory pathways. Different neuronal populations are affected by IL1RA to various degrees, suggesting that a combination of different neuroprotectants should be used in treatment strategies after SCI. Finally, NCSCs seem to protect SCSCs from excitotoxic injury through paracrine actions, since they remain undifferentiated and do not migrate into the tissue during in vitro incubation. It seems that combinations of neuroprotectants and carrier substances should be considered rather than one single strategy when designing future treatments for SCI. Incorporation of neuroprotectants such as IL1RA combined with stem cells in injectable biocompatible carriers based on HA is the final goal of our group in the treatment of SCI.
39
Narayan, Sreenath. "REANIMATION OF A DENERVATED MUSCLE USING UPPER MOTONEURON INJURED LOWER MOTONEURONS IN SPINAL CORD INJURY PATIENTS: A RAT MODEL". online version, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=case1133754830.
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40
Groutsi, Filitsa. "Highly disabled Herpes Simplex Virus 1 vectors : applications in CNS regeneration with emphasis on the chronically injured spinal cord". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1443959/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Regeneration of injured CNS tracts poses a significant clinical challenge due to the multifactorial nature of the degenerative processes that ensues and technically complex delivery of therapeutic molecules. To circumvent these problems, highly disabled Herpes Simplex 1 (HSV1) based vectors were used to deliver NT3, BDNF and CNTF to the injured rat CNS. The ability of these vectors to promote the regeneration of corticospinal (CST), rubrospinal (RST) and optic nerve tracts was evaluated. Transgene expressing constructs were based on the backbone HSVl.pR19CMV that carries a combination of essential and non-essential gene deletions. These render it replication incompetent in vivo whilst allowing it to maintain transgene expression in the long term via expression cassettes that employ HSV1 latency associated transcript promoters. Via retrograde transport, a single spinal cord inoculation results in widespread, stable transgene expression in neurons throughout the CNS, from spinal cord to hypothalamus. In spinal cord regeneration experiments, NT3-expressing vector alone failed to promote regeneration in the chronically injured CST. In combination with transplanted embryonic day-14 spinal cord segments however, it led to enhanced CST sprouting and axon elongation up to 600ujn within the lesion site. In the chronically injured RST, BDNF and CNTF-expressing vectors produced no significant regeneration. In the optic nerve crush model however, both robust transduction and substantial axonal regeneration resulted from inoculation of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) targets. A combination of CNTF, BDNF, bFGF and Neurturin-expressing vectors induced regeneration of injured RGC axons in optic nerve, up to 1000 pjn distal to the crush site. Further vector development led to less-disabled vectors that supported strong transgene expression and targeted spinal cord, RGCs and even CST neurons, with high efficiency. By counteracting the host's immune response, minimally disabled ILlO-expressing vectors supported long-term expression of transgenes in DRG neurons following footpad inoculation. HSV1-based vectors are therefore powerful and versatile gene therapy tools for CNS regeneration.
41
ROHRER, JAMES RANDAL. "FACTORS IN THE MARITAL ADJUSTMENT OF COUPLES AFTER THE SPINAL CORD INJURY OF ONE OF THE PARTNERS". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin990815314.
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42
Melis, Ellen H. "Biomechanical study of the interaction between ambulatory assistive devices and spinal cord injured subjects gait-trained with functional electrical stimulation". Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22859.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
External forces exerted on ambulatory assistive devices by spinal cord injured subjects gait-trained with functional electrical stimulation were measured during a twelve-week period to determine the contribution of devices to gait. Impulse, applied force, and contact time quantified the propulsive, restraining, supporting and stabilizing functions of devices and lower extremities. Peak axial force on devices and ground reaction force on lower limbs reached between 30 to 40 and 88 to 100 percent of subjects' total body weight respectively. Variables assessed varied with the gait pattern and assistive device employed. Results contribute towards a better understanding of assisted gait and represent a first step towards the formulation of clinical guidelines for device progression. The use of ambulatory assistive devices with functional electrical stimulation as a gait-training strategy could facilitate the achievement of independent locomotion of physically impaired subjects as well as improve their quality of life.
43
Burton, Alexander Robert Clinical School Prince of Wales Hospital Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Nociception, pain and the sympathetic nervous system: neural and effector organ responses in healthy and spinal cord injured human subjects". Awarded By:University of New South Wales. Clinical School - Prince of Wales Hospital, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/44517.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Relatively few studies have examined the effects of nociception pe se on sympathetic nerve activity in awake healthy human subjects. Painful stimuli can produce differential responses from cutaneous and muscle postganglionic sympathetic neurones in the anaesthetised cat, and some animal and human studies suggest that nociceptive stimuli originating in different tissues may produce differential sympathetic effects- deep nociception causing vasodepressive and superficial nociception triggering an excitatory effect on cardiovascular state. It is important to understand how the sympathetic nervous system responds to nociception in healthy subjects in order to make more meaningful comparisons with the behaviour which occurs following damage to sympathetic pathways, e.g. nerve lesions (chronic regional pain syndromes) and spinal cord injury (autonomic dysreflexia (AD)). Additionally, it has been suggested that muscle spindles afferents may play a role in chronic pain, most notably the 'vicious cycle' of pain. While this has been investigated in animal studies, it has not been thoroughly investigated in healthy human subjects. Muscle spindle and sympathetic nerve activity from muscle and skin postganglionic neurones were directly recorded in healthy awake human subjects using microneurography; effector organ responses (blood pressure, heartrate, skin blood flow and sweat release) were recorded in both healthy and spinal cord injured subjects. Deep and superficial nociception was induced by intramuscular and subdermal injections of hypertonic saline given at unexpected times and in quasi-random order. Regardless of the origin of nociception (deep or superficial), general responses tended to be excitatory with increases seen in muscle and skin sympathetic nerve activity, heartrate, blood pressure and sweat release. A gender effect was noted regarding skin blood flow, with males largely showing decreases and females increases. No changes were noted in spindle firing rates and painful stimuli did not significantly increase effector organ responses in spinal cord injured subjects. Contrasting with previous studies, we did not see a differential sympathetic response or change in spindle firing rate to painful stimuli originating in different tissues. While it is believed that noxious stimuli trigger AD, we did not see exaggerated sympathetic responses in spinal cord injured subjects. More investigation is required regarding innocuous triggers of AD.
44
Ashworth-Beaumont, Jim. "The effect of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on spatial motor skill learning in healthy and spinal cord injured humans". Thesis, Brunel University, 2012. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7376.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is an intervention which is thought to enhance motor learning in healthy and stroke-injured states, when applied adjunctively during skill learning. We set out to investigate whether anodal tDCS might enhance functional rehabilitation from incomplete tetraplegic SCI. To address current limitations in the measurement of task-dependent skill, a novel integrated skill training and measurement task, the Motor Skill Rehabilitation Task (MSRT) was designed and developed. Measures of performance from this task delivered the functional measure of spatial motor skill learning, Task Productivity Rate (TPR). TPR was analysed and validated as a univariate dependent outcome, which is of potential importance to the future development of clinical measures measuring goal-directed motor skills. The MSRT was included alongside conventional behavioural measures in a repeated-measures RCT pilot study, the first to investigate the effect of anodal tDCS on rehabilitation of motor skill from chronic spinal cord injury. Adjunctive application of anodal tDCS had a statistically significant benefit upon retention of skill in the incomplete spinal cord injured population, but only when the independent factor of sensory acuity was included in the analysis. Differences between the development of task-dependent skill and generic dexterity over time suggested that spatial skill development was subject to an interaction of short-term and lasting effects. A larger study in healthy persons further investigated these phenomena, also applying Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)–evoked measurements to investigate intervention-dependent effects upon the excitability of projections between the primary motor cortex and muscles involved in the prehension task. The findings revealed that active tDCS did not enhance skill learning at 7 days beyond the training period, but did significantly alter the development of motor skill following a period of learning and subsequent skill consolidation which was associated with underlying perturbation of motor control strategy. Significant and divergent patterns of cortical plasticity were evoked in projections to muscles necessary for reaching and grasping. The main findings of this thesis do not support anodal tDCS as an effective adjunctive means of enhancing spatial motor skill in rehabilitation from incomplete tetraplegic SCI. If applied in patient populations, the clinical benefits of anodal tDCS may be contingent both on the nature of the sensorimotor deficit affecting upper limb function and the spatial demands of the behavioural task. The findings of this project serve to inform further research in relation to the effect of anodal tDCS on the brain and behavioural outcomes, the potential for efficacy in target patient groups and the sensitivity of outcome measures to spatial and temporal dimensions of practical motor skills.
45
Tüngler, Victoria [Verfasser]. "Progesterone's activity in the central nervous system : a murine model study on Gliotoxin injured Myelin of the spinal cord / Victoria Tüngler". Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1029846049/34.
Testo completo
46
Blunt, Robert A. (Robert Andrew). "Influence of body weight support on soleus H-reflex modulation in normal and spinal cord injured human subjects during standing and walking". Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59826.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The soleus H-reflex modulation pattern was measured in 8 normal and 8 spastic paretic subjects during standing and walking, under the conditions of 0% and 40% body weight support (BWS). In standing, both the normal and patient groups showed no significant difference (p $<$ 0.01) in the H-reflex amplitude between 0% and 40% BWS. Normal subjects had a phase dependent modulation of the H-reflex during gait, there being no significant difference (p $<$ 0.001) in this modulation with 40% BWS. The patients had an abnormally elevated H-reflex throughout the step cycle, although five showed some modulation. In the patient group, 40% BWS produced a decrease of the H-reflex amplitude mainly in the push-off phase. BWS produced a decrease in electromyographic (EMG) mean burst amplitude of the lower limb muscles investigated, with more appropriate EMG activity timing. BWS improved knee and ankle angular displacements in patients, which were associated with an improved locomotor pattern. However, these improvements in locomotor pattern were not reflected clearly by changes in the H-reflex modulations. Thus the relationship between H-reflex amplitude, EMG activity, and ankle position under 0% and 40% BWS, needs to be further investigated.
47
Younesian, Ali. "Effects of arm cranking exercise, training and thermal stress on indices of cardiovascular risk in spinal cord injured and able-bodied individuals". Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440200.
Testo completo
48
Ohta, Masayoshi. "Bone marrow stromal cells infused into the cerebrospinal fluid promote functional recovery of the injured rat spinal cord with reduced cavity formation". Kyoto University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/143827.
Testo completo
49
Williams, Matthew R. "Evaluation of 2D and 3D Command Sources for Individuals with High Tetraplegia". Cleveland, Ohio : Case Western Reserve University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1238682202.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Case Western Reserve University, 2009Abstract Title from OhioLINK abstract screen (viewed on 13 April 2009) Department of Biomedical Engineering Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center
50
Asada, Yoshiyuki. "Neural repair of the injured spinal cord by grafting : comparison between peripheral nerve segments and embryonic homologous structures as a conduit of CNS axons". Kyoto University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/149743.
Testo completo