Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Stochastic accelerations"

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Stochastic accelerations"

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Borgas, M. S., and B. L. Sawford. "A family of stochastic models for two-particle dispersion in isotropic homogeneous stationary turbulence." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 279 (November 25, 1994): 69–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112094003824.

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A family of Lagrangian stochastic models for the joint motion of particle pairs in isotropic homogeneous stationary turbulence is considered. The Markov assumption and well-mixed criterion of Thomson (1990) are used, and the models have quadratic-form functions of velocity for the particle accelerations. Two constraints are derived which formally require that the correct one-particle statistics are obtained by the models. These constraints involve the Eulerian expectation of the ‘acceleration’ of a fluid particle with conditioned instantaneous velocity, given either at the particle, or at some
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Ding, Yanqiong, Yongbo Peng, and Jie Li. "A Stochastic Semi-Physical Model of Seismic Ground Motions in Time Domain." Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 12, no. 03 (2018): 1850006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793431118500069.

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A stochastic function model of seismic ground motions is presented in this paper. It is derived from the consideration of physical mechanisms of seismic ground motions. The model includes the randomness inherent in the seismic source, propagation path and local site. For logical selection of the seismic acceleration records, a cluster analysis method is employed. Statistical distributions of the random parameters associated with the proposed model are identified using the selected data. Superposition method of narrow-band wave groups is then adopted to simulate non-stationary seismic ground mo
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Kelly, Patrick, Manoranjan Majji, and Felipe Guzmán. "Estimation and Error Analysis for Optomechanical Inertial Sensors." Sensors 21, no. 18 (2021): 6101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21186101.

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A sensor model and methodology to estimate the forcing accelerations measured using a novel optomechanical inertial sensor with the inclusion of stochastic bias and measurement noise processes is presented. A Kalman filter for the estimation of instantaneous sensor bias is developed; the outputs from this calibration step are then employed in two different approaches for the estimation of external accelerations applied to the sensor. The performance of the system is demonstrated using simulated measurements and representative values corresponding to a bench-tested 3.76 Hz oscillator. It is sho
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Guo, Xiangying, Changkun Li, Zhong Luo, and Dongxing Cao. "Modal Parameter Identification of Structures Using Reconstructed Displacements and Stochastic Subspace Identification." Applied Sciences 11, no. 23 (2021): 11432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112311432.

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A method of modal parameter identification of structures using reconstructed displacements was proposed in the present research. The proposed method was developed based on the stochastic subspace identification (SSI) approach and used reconstructed displacements of measured accelerations as inputs. These reconstructed displacements suppressed the high-frequency component of measured acceleration data. Therefore, in comparison to the acceleration-based modal analysis, the operational modal analysis obtained more reliable and stable identification parameters from displacements regardless of the
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Nava, F. Alejandro. "Assessment of possible peak accelerations through stochastic variations." Terra Nova 3, no. 3 (1991): 289–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3121.1991.tb00146.x.

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de Jager, Cornells, Joost Carpay, Alex de Koter, Hans Nieuwenhuijzen, and Erik Schellekens. "Atmospheric dynamics of luminous stars." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 113 (1989): 211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100004474.

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AbstractA review is given of data and theories on the motion fields in super and hypergiants with special reference to LBV’s. We show that the radiative momentum flux is incapable of driving the episodical bursts of mass loss of these stars, and that there are several indications that the LBV-phenomenon is hydrodynamically driven. The sum of turbulent and radiative accelerations in the atmospheres of the most luminous stars compensates the gravitational acceleration for stars near the Humphreys-Davidson limit. This explains their atmospheric near-instability. The motion field in the atmosphere
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Vajedi, S., K. Gustavsson, B. Mehlig, and L. Biferale. "Inertial-particle accelerations in turbulence: a Lagrangian closure." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 798 (May 31, 2016): 187–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2016.305.

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The distribution of particle accelerations in turbulence is intermittent, with non-Gaussian tails that are quite different for light and heavy particles. In this article we analyse a closure scheme for the acceleration fluctuations of light and heavy inertial particles in turbulence, formulated in terms of Lagrangian correlation functions of fluid tracers. We compute the variance and the flatness of inertial-particle accelerations and we discuss their dependency on the Stokes number. The closure incorporates effects induced by the Lagrangian correlations along the trajectories of fluid tracers
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Yan, Guang Hui, and Shuo Zhang. "Research on Modeling and Optimization Control of Heavy Truck Cab Active Suspension System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 687-691 (November 2014): 359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.359.

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In order to meet the ride comfort of the heavy truck cab, the 1/2 heavy truck cab active suspension model established. Based on this model the LQG optimization control was selected for the active control of a 1/2 heavy truck cab suspension system. The road disturbance is integral white noise stochastic signal. By the example simulation in Matlab/Simulink, the results show that the cab active suspension with LQG control strategy can decrease the vertical accelerations, the roll angle and roll angle acceleration of the truck cab, the active suspension can improve both the ride comfort and drivin
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Kelly, Mark. "Flow acceleration statistics: a new paradigm for wind-driven loads, towards probabilistic turbine design." Wind Energy Science 10, no. 3 (2025): 535–58. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-535-2025.

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Abstract. A method is developed to identify load-driving events based on filtered flow acceleration, regardless of the event-generating mechanism or specific temporal signature. Low-pass filtering enables calculation of acceleration statistics per characteristic turbine response time; this circumvents the classic problem of small-scale noise dominating observed accelerations or extremes, while providing a way to deal with different turbines and controllers. Not only is the flow acceleration physically meaningful, but its use also removes the need for de-trending. Through consideration of the 9
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Chen, Na, Meng Wang, Tom Alkim, and Bart van Arem. "A Robust Longitudinal Control Strategy of Platoons under Model Uncertainties and Time Delays." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2018 (2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9852721.

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Automated vehicles are designed to free drivers from driving tasks and are expected to improve traffic safety and efficiency when connected via vehicle-to-vehicle communication, that is, connected automated vehicles (CAVs). The time delays and model uncertainties in vehicle control systems pose challenges for automated driving in real world. Ignoring them may render the performance of cooperative driving systems unsatisfactory or even unstable. This paper aims to design a robust and flexible platooning control strategy for CAVs. A centralized control method is presented, where the leader of a
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Tesi sul tema "Stochastic accelerations"

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Fossà, Alberto. "Propagation multi-fidélité d’incertitude orbitale en présence d’accélérations stochastiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse, ISAE, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ESAE0009.

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Le problème de la propagation non linéaire d’incertitude est crucial en astrodynamique, car tous les systèmes d’intérêt pratique, allant de la navigation à la détermination d’orbite et au suivi de cibles, impliquent des non-linéarités dans leurs modèles dynamiques et de mesure. Un sujet d’intérêt est la propagation précise d’incertitude à travers la dynamique orbitale non linéaire, une exigence fondamentale dans plusieurs applications telles que la surveillance de l’espace, la gestion du trafic spatial et la fin de vie des satellites. Étant donnée une représentation dimensionnelle finie de la
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Wolf, Christian [Verfasser]. "Advanced acceleration techniques for Nested Benders decomposition in stochastic programming / Christian Wolf." Paderborn : Universitätsbibliothek, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1046905090/34.

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McEvoy, Erica L., and Erica L. McEvoy. "A Numerical Method for the Simulation of Skew Brownian Motion and its Application to Diffusive Shock Acceleration of Charged Particles." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625664.

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Stochastic differential equations are becoming a popular tool for modeling the transport and acceleration of cosmic rays in the heliosphere. In diffusive shock acceleration, cosmic rays diffuse across a region of discontinuity where the up- stream diffusion coefficient abruptly changes to the downstream value. Because the method of stochastic integration has not yet been developed to handle these types of discontinuities, I utilize methods and ideas from probability theory to develop a conceptual framework for the treatment of such discontinuities. Using this framework, I then produce some si
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Wilhelm, Alina [Verfasser], Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Pohl, Christoph [Gutachter] Pfrommer, and Julia [Gutachter] Tjus. "Stochastic re-acceleration of particles in supernova remnants / Alina Wilhelm ; Gutachter: Christoph Pfrommer, Julia Tjus ; Betreuer: Martin Pohl." Potsdam : Universität Potsdam, 2021. http://d-nb.info/123972909X/34.

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Trimeloni, Thomas. "Accelerating Finite State Projection through General Purpose Graphics Processing." VCU Scholars Compass, 2011. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/175.

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The finite state projection algorithm provides modelers a new way of directly solving the chemical master equation. The algorithm utilizes the matrix exponential function, and so the algorithm’s performance suffers when it is applied to large problems. Other work has been done to reduce the size of the exponentiation through mathematical simplifications, but efficiently exponentiating a large matrix has not been explored. This work explores implementing the finite state projection algorithm on several different high-performance computing platforms as a means of efficiently calculating the matr
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Hall, Eric Joseph. "Accelerated numerical schemes for deterministic and stochastic partial differential equations of parabolic type." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8038.

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First we consider implicit finite difference schemes on uniform grids in time and space for second order linear stochastic partial differential equations of parabolic type. Under sufficient regularity conditions, we prove the existence of an appropriate asymptotic expansion in powers of the the spatial mesh and hence we apply Richardson's method to accelerate the convergence with respect to the spatial approximation to an arbitrarily high order. Then we extend these results to equations where the parabolicity condition is allowed to degenerate. Finally, we consider implicit finite difference a
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SANTOS, FELIPE SILVA PLACIDO DOS. "ACCELERATING BENDERS STOCHASTIC DECOMPOSITION FOR THE OPTIMIZATION OF PARTIAL BACKORDER CONTROL FOR PERIODIC REVIEW (R, S) INVENTORY SYSTEM WITH UNCERTAIN DEMAND." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2016. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=31326@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO<br>INSTITUTO MILITAR DE ENGENHARIA<br>CENTRO TECNOLÓGICO DO EXÉRCITO<br>Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta de aceleração da decomposição de Benders aplicada a uma versão mais geral e compacta (menos restrições e variáveis) do modelo de gestão de estoques, otimizado via programação estocástica de dois estágios que considera uma camada, um item, demanda incerta e política de controle (R, S). De maneira a ser possível considerar problemas de grande porte, foram aplicados os métodos L-Shaped tradicional com corte único e a sua forma estendida co
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Flammarion, Nicolas. "Stochastic approximation and least-squares regression, with applications to machine learning." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEE056/document.

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De multiples problèmes en apprentissage automatique consistent à minimiser une fonction lisse sur un espace euclidien. Pour l’apprentissage supervisé, cela inclut les régressions par moindres carrés et logistique. Si les problèmes de petite taille sont résolus efficacement avec de nombreux algorithmes d’optimisation, les problèmes de grande échelle nécessitent en revanche des méthodes du premier ordre issues de la descente de gradient. Dans ce manuscrit, nous considérons le cas particulier de la perte quadratique. Dans une première partie, nous nous proposons de la minimiser grâce à un oracle
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Kulunchakov, Andrei. "Optimisation stochastique pour l'apprentissage machine à grande échelle : réduction de la variance et accélération." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALM057.

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Cette thèse vise à explorer divers sujets liés à l'analyse des méthodes de premier ordre appliquées à des problèmes stochastiques de grande dimension. Notre première contribution porte sur divers algorithmes incrémentaux, tels que SVRG, SAGA, MISO, SDCA, qui ont été analysés de manière approfondie pour les problèmes avec des informations de gradient exactes. Nous proposons une nouvelle technique, qui permet de traiter ces méthodes de manière unifiée et de démontrer leur robustesse à des perturbations stochastiques lors de l'observation des gradients. Notre approche est basée sur une extension
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Rassou, Sébastien. "Accélération d'électrons par onde de sillage laser : Développement d’un modèle analytique étendu au cas d’un plasma magnétisé dans le régime du Blowout." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS066/document.

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Une impulsion laser intense se propageant dans un plasma sous-dense (ne&lt; 10¹⁸ W.cm⁻²) et de durée très courte (τ₀&lt; 100 fs), , on atteint le régime de la bulle. Les champs électriques dans ces bulles, de l’ordre de 100 GV/m, peuvent accélérer un faisceau d’électrons jusqu’au GeV sur des distances de l’ordre du centimètre. Dans ce régime, les électrons expulsés par la force pondéromotrice du laser forment une fine et dense couche à la surface d'une cavité d'ions restés immobiles. Les propriétés de ce régime sont examinées par l’intermédiaire d’un modèle analytique, que nous avons développé
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Libri sul tema "Stochastic accelerations"

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Möhl, Dieter. Stochastic Cooling of Particle Beams. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013.

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Möhl, Dieter. Stochastic Cooling of Particle Beams. Springer, 2013.

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Möhl, Dieter. Stochastic Cooling of Particle Beams. Springer, 2013.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Stochastic accelerations"

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Lisitsa, Valery S. "The Influence of Regular and Stochastic Accelerations on Atomic Spectra." In Atoms in Plasmas. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78726-3_12.

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Petrosian, Vahé. "Stochastic Acceleration by Turbulence." In Particle Acceleration in Cosmic Plasmas. Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6455-6_17.

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Schwaha, P., M. Nedjalkov, S. Selberherr, J. M. Sellier, I. Dimov, and R. Georgieva. "Stochastic Formulation of Newton’s Acceleration." In Large-Scale Scientific Computing. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43880-0_19.

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Bogdan, T. J., and R. Schlickeiser. "Stochastic Electron Acceleration in Stellar Coronae." In Radio Stars. Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5420-5_2.

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Schlickeiser, Reinhard. "Stochastic Particle Acceleration in Cosmic Objects." In Cosmic Radiation in Contemporary Astrophysics. Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5488-5_2.

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Yang, J. N., Z. Li, and S. C. Liu. "Instantaneous Optimal Control with Acceleration and Velocity Feedback." In Stochastic Structural Dynamics 2. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84534-5_16.

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Minty, Michiko G., and Frank Zimmermann. "Cooling." In Particle Acceleration and Detection. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08581-3_11.

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AbstractMany applications of particle accelerators require beam cooling, which refers to a reduction of the beam phase space volume or an increase in the beam density via dissipative forces. In electron and positron storage rings cooling naturally occurs due to synchrotron radiation, and special synchrotron-radiation damping rings for the production of low-emittance beams are an integral part of electron-positron linear colliders. For other types of particles different cooling techniques are available. Electron cooling and stochastic cooling of hadron beams are used to accumulate beams of rare
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Dröge, W. "Stochastic Particle Acceleration at Magnetohydrodynamic Shock Waves." In Interstellar Magnetic Fields. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72621-7_43.

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Yang, J. N., Z. Li, and S. C. Liu. "Optimal Aseismic Hybrid Control of Nonlinear and Hysteretic Structures using Velocity and Acceleration Feedbacks." In Nonlinear Stochastic Mechanics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84789-9_46.

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Pollock, Sara. "Anderson Acceleration for Degenerate and Nondegenerate Problems." In Deterministic and Stochastic Optimal Control and Inverse Problems. CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003050575-9.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Stochastic accelerations"

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Xie, Tong, Yixuan Hu, Renjie Wei, et al. "ASCEND: Accurate yet Efficient End-to-End Stochastic Computing Acceleration of Vision Transformer." In 2024 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/date58400.2024.10546691.

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Ma, Kun, Qilong Han, Jingzheng Yao, Changmao Wu, and Yuntao Zhang. "DDA: Distillation-Driven Acceleration of the Reverse Diffusion Process for Stochastic Multi-Ship Trajectory Prediction." In ICASSP 2025 - 2025 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp49660.2025.10889007.

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He, Peng, Philippe Cardou, and André Desbiens. "Estimating the Orientation of a Game Controller Moving in the Vertical Plane Using Inertial Sensors." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-70446.

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This paper presents a novel method of estimating the orientation of a rigid body in the vertical plane from point-acceleration measurements, by discerning its gravitational and inertial components. In this method, a simple stochastic model of the human-hand motions is used in order to distinguish between the two types of acceleration. Two mathematical models of the rigid-body motion are formulated as distinct state-space systems, each corresponding to a proposed method. In both two cases, the output is a nonlinear function of the state, which calls for the application of the extended Kalman fi
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Amirouche, Farid M. L., Rick T. Tong, and L. Palkovics. "Human Body Vibration Control and Ride Comfort: A Two State Semi-Active Suspension Design for Cabs and Seats." In ASME 1996 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-1115.

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Abstract This paper presents a computer controlled cab and driver’s seat suspension model for heavy trucks and off-road vehicles. There are two models representing the vehicle with a cab suspension and a seat with an operator modeled as a lumped mass system. The vehicle is modeled as an 8 degrees-of-freedom lumped mass with suspension characteristics of 3 axles vehicle and three tires with masses and stiffnesses. The seat is supported by linear spring and damper whose characteristics are time dependent. The ride comfort is measured by an index of relative acceleration between parts of the driv
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Türkay, Semiha, and Aslı S. Leblebici. "Vibration Control of a Rigid and Flexible High-Speed Railway Vehicle." In 2020 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2020-8096.

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Abstract In this paper, the vertical carbody dynamics of the railway vehicle excited by random track inputs are investigated. The multi-objective ℋ∞ controllers for carbody weight of the actual, heavy and a mass confined in a polytopic range have been designed with the aim of reducing the wheel forces, heave, pitch and roll body accelerations of the vehicle. Later, the carbody mass is modelled as a free-free Euler Bernoulli beam and the low frequency flexural vibrations of the train body are examined. An omnibus ℋ∞ controller is synthesized to suppress both the rigid and low frequencies flexib
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Poursina, Mohammad. "An Efficient Application of Polynomial Chaos Expansion for the Dynamic Analysis of Multibody Systems With Uncertainty." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-35226.

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In this paper the mathematical framework of an advanced algorithm is presented to efficiently form and solve the equations of motion of a multibody system involving uncertainty in the system parameters and/or the excitations. The uncertainty is introduced to the system through the application of the polynomial chaos expansion. In this scheme, states of the system, nondeterministic parameters, and the constraint loads are expanded using modal values as well as orthogonal basis functions. Computational complexity of the application of traditional methods to solve the stochastic equations of moti
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Georgiadis, L., A. M. Ruiz-Teran, and P. J. Stafford. "Comparison of the Structural Behaviour between Under-Deck Cable-Stayed and Under-Deck Suspension Footbridges under Pedestrian Action." In IABSE Symposium, Wroclaw 2020: Synergy of Culture and Civil Engineering – History and Challenges. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/wroclaw.2020.0765.

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&lt;p&gt;Under-deck cable-stayed (UDCS) and under-deck suspension (UDS) footbridges are slender structures supported by cables located below the deck and, despite the similarities in their appearance, they represent two different engineering concepts. In the present work, their structural behaviour has been investigated in detail and their response under static and dynamic pedestrian loading has been compared. A static analysis has been conducted first. Then a modal analysis has been performed, followed by a full time-history dynamic analysis under the action of a stochastic pedestrian load mo
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Miller, James A., and Reuven Ramaty. "Stochastic acceleration in impulsive solar flares." In Particle acceleration in cosmic plasmas. AIP, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.42732.

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Yu, Xiaotian, Irwin King, Michael R. Lyu, and Tianbao Yang. "A Generic Approach for Accelerating Stochastic Zeroth-Order Convex Optimization." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/422.

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In this paper, we propose a generic approach for accelerating the convergence of existing algorithms to solve the problem of stochastic zeroth-order convex optimization (SZCO). Standard techniques for accelerating the convergence of stochastic zeroth-order algorithms are by exploring multiple functional evaluations (e.g., two-point evaluations), or by exploiting global conditions of the problem (e.g., smoothness and strong convexity). Nevertheless, these classic acceleration techniques are necessarily restricting the applicability of newly developed algorithms. The key of our proposed generic
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Fitzgerald, P. C., E. J. OBrien, A. Malekjafarian, and L. J. Prendergas. "Acceleration-based Bridge Scour Monitoring." In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational Stochastic Mechanics (CSM 8). Research Publishing Services, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-11-2723-6_24-cd.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Stochastic accelerations"

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Carr, Dustin Wade, and Roy H. Olsson. A digital accelerometer array utilizing suprathreshold stochastic resonance for detection of sub-Brownian noise floor accelerations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/920745.

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Burby, J. W. The Hamiltonian Mechanics of Stochastic Acceleration. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1087712.

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Dimits, A. M., and J. A. Krommes. Stochastic particle acceleration and statistical closures. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5111904.

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Geiger, Cathleen A., Chandra Kambhamettu, S. L. McNutt, and Mani Thomas. Stochastic Analysis of Satellite-derived Arctic Sea Ice Information and Acceleration Proposal to Support N00014-02-1-0244. Defense Technical Information Center, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada615525.

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Hair. L52003 Application of the Crack Layer Theory for Understanding and Modeling of SCC in High Pressure. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010893.

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Abstract (sommario):
A stochastic features of SCC colony, such as corrosion pit distribution, SC crack initiation from the pits and SC crack aspect ratio, SC crack cluster formation, SC cluster interaction and instability, are observed and characterized. A concept of a single crack equivalent to a cluster of cracks is introduced to simplify computational work on clusters evolution and instability. Various criteria of equivalence for different stages of clusters evolution are discussed. An accelerated test with a number of accelerating factors has been designed and performed for simulation of individual SC crack gr
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