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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Stroke/cerebral ischaemia"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 1 febbraio 2022

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1

Khan, Sibghat Ullah, Naveed Aslam Lashari, Nadia Irum Lakho, Ambreen Faisal, and Aamir Hussain. "CEREBRAL ISCHAEMIA AND STROKE;." Professional Medical Journal 24, no. 12 (November 29, 2017): 1823–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2017.24.12.564.

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Introduction: Colour Doppler sonography is a well-established widely available,noninvasive, cost effective and a reliable method for assessing cerebrovascular circulation.It has become a valuable completion of the sonographic workup in patients with cerebralischaemia and infarction. Its accuracy is close to angiography. Objectives: To determine thefrequency of significant carotid artery stenosis in patients of cerebral ischaemia/stroke and itscharacterized sonographic appearance of plaque. Study Design: Cross sectional study, basedon nonprobability convenience sample technique. Setting: Depart

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2

Inoue, Isao, Mari Fukunaga, Keiko Koga, Hong-Du Wang, and Makoto Ishikawa. "Scalp Acupuncture Effects of Stroke Studied with Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Different Actions in the Two Stroke Model Rats." Acupuncture in Medicine 27, no. 4 (December 2009): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/aim.2009.000430.

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Background Scalp acupuncture (SA) therapy on strokes has been empirically established and widely used in clinics in China. The evidence from clinical studies suggests that SA produces significant benefits for some patients with stroke. Methods The effect of scalp acupuncture was studied using MRI for two different stroke models: spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone (SHR-SP) rats and rats with transiently induced focal cerebral ischaemia by middle cerebral artery occlusion for 2 h (MCAO rats). Results Stroke onset in SHR-SP rats was characterised by a development of vasogenic oedema without

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3

Moxon, Joseph V., Alexandra F. Trollope, Brittany Dewdney, Catherine de Hollander, Domenico R. Nastasi, Jane M. Maguire, and Jonathan Golledge. "The effect of angiopoietin-1 upregulation on the outcome of acute ischaemic stroke in rodent models: A meta-analysis." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 39, no. 12 (October 4, 2019): 2343–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271678x19876876.

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Clinical studies report that low circulating angiopoietin-1 concentration at presentation predicts worse outcomes after ischaemic stroke. Upregulating angiopoietin-1 may therefore have therapeutic benefit for ischaemic stroke. This systematic review assessed whether upregulating angiopoietin-1 improved outcomes in rodent models of ischaemic stroke. Random-effects models quantified the effect of angiopoietin-1 upregulation on stroke severity in terms of the size of cerebral infarction and the extent of blood–brain barrier permeability. Eleven studies utilising rat and mouse models of ischaemic

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4

Chen, Lucia Y., Charlotte Ainscough, Mohamed Sayed, and Maneesh Bhargava. "Simultaneous treatment of ischaemic bowel and ischaemic stroke with intravenous thrombolysis therapy." BMJ Case Reports 11, no. 1 (November 2018): e227126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2018-227126.

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Novel treatment of simultaneous mesenteric and cerebral ischaemia with systemic thrombolysis. A 75-year-old man presented to the acute stroke team with aphasia, right-sided weakness and distressed with a pain he was unable to localise. He was treated with intravenous thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator for a left middle cerebral artery stroke. Decompensation on the ward during thrombolysis with worsening abdominal distension and pain, hypotension and tachycardia prompted a CT angiogram scan, which displayed proximal inferior mesenteric artery occlusion. Thrombolysis treatment result

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5

Schwaninger, M., I. Inta та O. Herrmann. "NF-κB signalling in cerebral ischaemia". Biochemical Society Transactions 34, № 6 (25 жовтня 2006): 1291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0341291.

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In acute stroke, neuronal apoptosis and inflammation are considered to be important mechanisms on the road to tissue loss and neurological deficit. Both apoptosis and inflammation depend on gene transcription. We have identified a signalling pathway that regulates transcription of genes involved in apoptosis and inflammation. In a mouse model of focal cerebral ischaemia, there is an induction of the cytokine TWEAK (tumour necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis) and its membrane receptor Fn14. TWEAK promotes neuronal cell death and activates the transcription factor NF-κB (nuclear facto

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6

Tang, LL, K. Ye, XF Yang, and JS Zheng. "Apocynin Attenuates Cerebral Infarction after Transient Focal Ischaemia in Rats." Journal of International Medical Research 35, no. 4 (July 2007): 517–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147323000703500411.

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This study investigated whether inhibition of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase attenuates cerebral infarction after transient focal ischaemia in rats. Focal ischaemia (1.5 h) was produced in male Sprague-Dawley rats (250 − 280 g) by middle cerebral artery occlusion. Some rats also received treatment with 50 mg/kg apocynin, a NADPH oxidase inhibitor, by intraperitoneal injection 30 min prior to reperfusion. Two hours after reperfusion, brains were harvested to measure NADPH oxidase activity and superoxide levels. After 24 h, the remaining brains were harvested

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7

Denorme, Frederik, and Simon F. De Meyer. "The VWF-GPIb axis in ischaemic stroke: lessons from animal models." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 116, no. 10 (2016): 597–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th16-01-0036.

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SummaryStroke is a leading cause of death and long-term disability worldwide. Ischaemic stroke is caused by a blood clot that obstructs cerebral blood flow. Current treatment mainly consists of achieving fast reperfusion, either via pharmacological thrombolysis using tissue plasminogen activator or via endovascular thrombectomy. Unfortunately, reperfusion therapy is only available to a limited group of patients and reperfusion injury can further aggravate brain damage. Hence, there is an urgent need for better understanding of ischaemic stroke pathophysiology in order to develop novel therapeu

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8

Yamashita, T., K. Deguchi, K. Sawamoto, H. Okano, T. Kamiya, and K. Abe. "Neuroprotection and neurosupplementation in ischaemic brain." Biochemical Society Transactions 34, no. 6 (October 25, 2006): 1310–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0341310.

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Possible strategies for treating ischaemic stroke include: (i) neuroprotection (preventing damaged neurons from undergoing apoptosis in the acute phase of cerebral ischaemia), and (ii) neurosupplementation (the repair of broken neuronal networks with newly born neurons in the chronic phase of cerebral ischaemia). In this paper, we review our recent progress in development of these distinct new strategies for treatment of damaged brain following a stroke. Firstly, we investigated the role of endogenous IL-6 (interleukin-6), which is one of the cytokines drastically induced by ischaemic stimuli,

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9

Segan, Louise, Fiona Permezel, Wei Ch’ng, Ian Millar, Mark Brooks, Matt Lee-Archer, and Geoffrey Cloud. "Cerebral arterial gas embolism from attempted mechanical thrombectomy: recovery following hyperbaric oxygen therapy." Practical Neurology 18, no. 2 (December 28, 2017): 134–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/practneurol-2017-001828.

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Cerebral arterial gas embolism is a recognised complication of endovascular intervention with an estimated incidence of 0.08%. Its diagnosis is predominantly clinical, supported by neuroimaging. The treatment relies on alleviating mechanical obstruction and reversing the proinflammatory processes that contribute to tissue ischaemia. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is an effective treatment and has multiple mechanisms to reverse the pathological processes involved in cerebral arterial gas embolism. Symptomatic cerebral arterial gas embolism is a rare complication of endovascular intervention for acut

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10

McColl, Barry W., Nicola Rose, Fiona H. Robson, Nancy J. Rothwell, and Catherine B. Lawrence. "Increased Brain Microvascular MMP-9 and Incidence of Haemorrhagic Transformation in Obese Mice after Experimental Stroke." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 30, no. 2 (October 14, 2009): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2009.217.

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Obesity is an independent risk factor for stroke and is associated with poorer outcome after stroke. We investigated whether this poorer outcome is related to brain microvascular disruption. Focal cerebral ischaemia was induced in lean or obese ( ob/ob) mice by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. The incidence of haemorrhagic transformation and the volume of ischaemic brain damage were significantly greater in obese mice. Blood–brain barrier permeability and brain microvascular MMP-9 expression were also markedly increased in obese mice. These effects were independent of leptin or glyc

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11

Zhang, Pei-Lei, Hai-Tao Lu, Jun-Gong Zhao, and Ming-Hua Li. "Protective effect of dl-3n-butylphthalide preconditioning on focal cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury in rats." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 25, no. 1 (February 2013): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5215.2012.00649.x.

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ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of dl-3n-butylphthalide (NBP) on the protection of cerebral tissue and possible mechanism on ischaemia-reperfusion injury, and to find out whether NBP therapy can extend the reperfusion window in an experimental stroke model in rats.MethodsSeventy-two Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham operation, ischaemia-reperfusion and ischaemia-reperfusion with NBP groups. Focal cerebral ischaemia was induced using the modified intraluminal thread method and maintained for 2, 3 or 4 h. The ischaemia-reperfusion group received reperfusion immediately after

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12

Ploen, Robert, Markus Zorn, Li Sun, Wei Zhou, and Roland Veltkamp. "Anticoagulation with dabigatran does not increase secondary intracerebral haemorrhage after thrombolysis in experimental cerebral ischaemia." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 110, no. 07 (2013): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th12-12-0942.

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SummaryDabigatran etexilate (DE) has recently been introduced for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation, but management of acute ischaemic stroke during therapy with DE is a challenge. Thrombolysis is contrain-dicated because of a presumed increased risk of intracerebral haemorrhagic complications. We studied in different ischaemia models whether DE increases secondary haemorrhage after thrombolysis. C57BL/6 mice were anticoagulated with high-dose DE or warfarin. After 2 hour (h) or 3 h transient filament MCAO, rt-PA was injected. At 24 h after MCAO, secondary haemorrhage was quantified usi

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13

Nalamolu, Koteswara Rao, Bharath Chelluboina, Ian B. Magruder, Diane N. Fru, Adithya Mohandass, Ishwarya Venkatesh, Jeffrey D. Klopfenstein, David M. Pinson, Krishna M. Boini, and Krishna Kumar Veeravalli. "Post-stroke mRNA expression profile of MMPs: effect of genetic deletion of MMP-12." Stroke and Vascular Neurology 3, no. 3 (March 9, 2018): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/svn-2018-000142.

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Background and purposeRecent reports from our laboratory demonstrated the post-ischaemic expression profile of various matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in rats and the detrimental role of MMP-12 in post-stroke brain damage. We hypothesise that the post-stroke dysregulation of MMPs is similar across species and that genetic deletion of MMP-12 would not affect the post-stroke expression of other MMPs. We tested our hypothesis by determining the pre-ischaemic and post-ischaemic expression profile of MMPs in wild-type and MMP-12 knockout mice.MethodsFocal cerebral ischaemia was induced in wild-typ

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14

Knight, Michael J., Bryony L. McGarry, Harriet J. Rogers, Kimmo T. Jokivarsi, Olli HJ Gröhn, and Risto A. Kauppinen. "A spatiotemporal theory for MRI T2 relaxation time and apparent diffusion coefficient in the brain during acute ischaemia: Application and validation in a rat acute stroke model." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 36, no. 7 (October 14, 2015): 1232–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271678x15608394.

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The objective of this study is to present a mathematical model which can describe the spatiotemporal progression of cerebral ischaemia and predict magnetic resonance observables including the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of water and transverse relaxation time T2. This is motivated by the sensitivity of the ADC to the location of cerebral ischaemia and T2 to its time-course, and that it has thus far proven challenging to relate observations of changes in these MR parameters to stroke timing, which is of considerable importance in making treatment choices in clinics. Our mathematical mo

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15

Komiyama, M., T. Morikawa, T. Ishiguro, Y. Matsusaka, and T. Yasui. "Anterior Choroidal Artery Variant and Acute Embolic Stroke." Interventional Neuroradiology 8, no. 3 (September 2002): 313–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/159101990200800312.

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The anterior choroidal artery has the cortical branches to the temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes in the early embryological stage, which later become the posterior cerebral artery distal to the posterior communicating artery (P2-4). Acute embolic stroke occurred in a 57-year-old man with an anterior choroidal artery having such a persistent embryonic branch to the temporal lobe. Recognition of this embryological form of the anterior choroidal artery is clinically important in acute cerebral ischaemia because the cerebral region between the territories supplied by the middle cerebral arte

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16

Viviani, Giorgio Luciano, Franco Dallegri, Alessandra Quercioli, Edvige Veneselli, François Mach, Marisol Mirabelli-Badenier, Vincent Braunersreuther, and Fabrizio Montecucco. "CC and CXC chemokines are pivotal mediators of cerebral injury in ischaemic stroke." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 105, no. 03 (2011): 409–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th10-10-0662.

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SummaryThe definition of ischaemic stroke has been recently updated as an acute episode of neurological dysfunction caused by focal brain, spinal cord, or retinal ischaemia in the presence of a cerebral infarction. This “tissular” definition has highlighted the importance of pathophysiological processes underlying cerebral damage. In particular, post-ischaemic inflammation in the brain and in the blood stream could influence crucial steps of the tissue injury/repair cascade. CC and CXC chemokines orchestrate the inflammatory response in atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability and cerebral infarct

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Yuan, Zhaohu, Zhiwu Yu, Yiyu Zhang, and Huikuan Yang. "Analysis of the Clinical Diagnostic Value of GMFB in Cerebral Infarction." Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 21, no. 10 (September 7, 2020): 955–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389201021666200210102425.

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Background: Glial Maturation Factor Beta (GMFB) is a highly conserved brain-enriched protein implicated in immunoregulation, neuroplasticity and apoptosis, processes central to neural injury and repair following cerebral ischaemia. Therefore, we examined if changes in neurocellular GMFB expression and release can be used to assess brain injury following ischaemia. Methods and Results: Immunofluorescence staining, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry and ELISA were used to measure GMFB in cultured neurons and astrocytes, rat brain tissues and plasma samples from stroke model rats and stroke p

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18

Školoudík, D., M. Král, D. Šaňák, I. Vlachová, P. Hluštík, K. Michálková, R. Herzig, and P. Kaňovský. "Thrombolytic treatment of ischaemic stroke occurring during a migrainous attack: A case report." Cephalalgia 30, no. 3 (June 1, 2009): 368–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2982.2009.01891.x.

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Authors report a case of young female suffering from the acute ischaemic stroke with right-sided hemiplegia, hemianopsia and hemihypoaesthesia during a migrainous attack without aura. Magnetic resonance imaging detected infarction in the left occipital lobe and occlusion of branches of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA). Combined treatment with systemic thrombolysis and sonothrombolysis was used, leading to the early PCA recanalization, and to a favourable clinical outcome after 1 month. Intravenous thrombolytic treatment administered within the therapeutic window may be useful in cerebral is

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Bordet, R., T. Ouk, O. Petrault, P. Gelé, S. Gautier, M. Laprais, D. Deplanque, et al. "PPAR: a new pharmacological target for neuroprotection in stroke and neurodegenerative diseases." Biochemical Society Transactions 34, no. 6 (October 25, 2006): 1341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0341341.

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PPARs (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors) are ligand-activated transcriptional factor receptors belonging to the so-called nuclear receptor family. The three isoforms of PPAR (α, β/δ and γ) are involved in regulation of lipid or glucose metabolism. Beyond metabolic effects, PPARα and PPARγ activation also induces anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in different organs. These pleiotropic effects explain why PPARα or PPARγ activation has been tested as a neuroprotective agent in cerebral ischaemia. Fibrates and other non-fibrate PPARα activators as well as thiazolidinediones and

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Freret, Thomas, Valentine Bouet, Jérôme Toutain, Romaric Saulnier, Palma Pro-Sistiaga, Ebeline Bihel, Eric T. MacKenzie, Simon Roussel, Pascale Schumann-Bard, and Omar Touzani. "Intraluminal Thread Model of Focal Stroke in the Non-Human Primate." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 28, no. 4 (November 14, 2007): 786–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600575.

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The common marmoset ( Callithrix jacchus), a New World monkey, has recently been used as a model of focal cerebral ischaemia. Here, we sought to develop a stroke model in this species using an intraluminal approach to occlude the middle cerebral artery (MCA). This technically simple procedure allows both transient and permanent ischaemia with minimal morbidity. Ten common marmosets underwent either transient (3 h) or permanent ischaemia by the insertion of a nylon filament through the external carotid artery up to the origin of the MCA. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was monitored by the laser-Dopp

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Khan, Sibghat Ullah. "CEREBRAL ISCHAEMIA AND STROKE; ROLE OF CAROTID DOPPLER." PROFESSIONAL MEDICAL JOURNAL 24, no. 12 (December 1, 2017): 1823–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17957/tpmj/17.4001.

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Catarci, Teresa. "Occipital ischaemic stroke after visual snow phenomenon – a case report." Cephalalgia 41, no. 7 (January 12, 2021): 871–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102420985444.

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Background Persistent migraine with aura and neuroimaging examinations revealing ischaemia in the contralateral cortex may be associated with migrainous infarction. Despite being a neurological symptom that is distinct from migraine with aura, the visual snow phenomenon may also be associated with cerebral ischaemia. Here we describe a patient who reported short-lasting daily symptoms of visual snow that affected his entire visual field before becoming continuous and left-sided following acute occipital brain ischaemia. Case report In February 2017, a 74-year-old retired male was referred to o

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Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Pravin Mundada, Amogh Narayan Hegde, Marcus Tan, and Darren Ng. "Post-Traumatic Carotid Artery Dissection Begins at the Skull Base: A Case Report." Case Reports in Neurology 12, Suppl. 1 (December 14, 2020): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000504567.

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Cervical artery dissection is a rare complication of head and neck trauma. Though it is an infrequent cause of ischaemic stroke, it is more common among the young with cerebral ischaemia. The usual location of carotid dissection is just beyond the carotid bulb. We report a case of post-traumatic internal carotid dissection that began at the base of the skull after blunt head trauma from a road traffic accident. The patient is a 25-year-old right-handed lady who, 2 days after the accident, developed dysphasia and right-sided limb weakness. She had no significant past medical history. Magnetic r

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Rewell, Sarah SJ, Amy L. Jeffreys, Steven A. Sastra, Susan F. Cox, John A. Fernandez, Elena Aleksoska, H. Bart van der Worp, Leonid Churilov, Malcolm R. Macleod, and David W. Howells. "Hypothermia revisited: Impact of ischaemic duration and between experiment variability." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 37, no. 10 (January 13, 2017): 3380–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271678x16688704.

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To assess the true effect of novel therapies for ischaemic stroke, a positive control that can validate the experimental model and design is vital. Hypothermia may be a good candidate for such a positive control, given the convincing body of evidence from animal models of ischaemic stroke. Taking conditions under which substantial efficacy had been seen in a meta-analysis of hypothermia for focal ischaemia in animal models, we undertook three randomised and blinded studies examining the effect of hypothermia induced immediately following the onset of middle cerebral artery occlusion on infarct

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Grassi, Mario, Elisabetta Del Zotto, Alessia Giossi, Irene Volonghi, Paolo Costa, Armin Grau, Mauro Magoni, Alessandro Padovani, Christoph Lichy, and Alessandro Pezzini. "Do common prothrombotic mutations influence the risk of cerebral ischaemia in patients with patent foramen ovale?" Thrombosis and Haemostasis 101, no. 05 (2009): 813–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th08-11-0747.

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SummaryConflicting results are available on the association of prothrombotic genetic abnormalities with patent foramen ovale (PFO)-related cerebral ischaemia. We comprehensively sought and identified studies of the association of both the factor V Leiden (FVG1691A mutation) and the prothrombin mutation (PTG20210A mutation) with PFO-related cerebral ischaemia and did meta-analyses to assess the evidence for such a relation. We analysed data from six eligible studies in 856 cases and 1,001 control subjects. Additional unpublished data from a new series including 463 subjects were also entered in

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Xu, Kaiyu, Xuxuan Gao, Genghong Xia, Muxuan Chen, Nianyi Zeng, Shan Wang, Chao You, et al. "Rapid gut dysbiosis induced by stroke exacerbates brain infarction in turn." Gut 70, no. 8 (February 8, 2021): 1486–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323263.

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ObjectiveStroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Neuroprotective approaches have failed in clinical trials, thus warranting therapeutic innovations with alternative targets. The gut microbiota is an important contributor to many risk factors for stroke. However, the bidirectional interactions between stroke and gut microbiota remain largely unknown.DesignWe performed two clinical cohort studies to capture the gut dysbiosis dynamics after stroke and their relationship with stroke prognosis. Then, we used a middle cerebral artery occlusion model to explore gut dysbiosis post

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Seiffge, David J., Duncan Wilson, Gareth Ambler, Gargi Banerjee, Isabel Charlotte Hostettler, Henry Houlden, Clare Shakeshaft, et al. "Small vessel disease burden and intracerebral haemorrhage in patients taking oral anticoagulants." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 92, no. 8 (March 19, 2021): 805–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2020-325299.

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ObjectiveWe investigated the contribution of small vessel disease (SVD) to anticoagulant-associated intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH).MethodsClinical Relevance of Microbleeds in Stroke-2 comprised two independent multicentre observation studies: first, a cross-sectional study of patients with ICH; and second, a prospective study of patients taking anticoagulants for atrial fibrillation (AF) after cerebral ischaemia. In patients with ICH, we compared SVD markers on CT and MRI according to prior anticoagulant therapy. In patients with AF and cerebral ischaemia treated with anticoagulants, we compa

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Thow, Lisa A., Kathleen MacDonald, William M. Holmes, Keith W. Muir, I. Mhairi Macrae, and Deborah Dewar. "Hyperglycaemia does not increase perfusion deficits after focal cerebral ischaemia in male Wistar rats." Brain and Neuroscience Advances 2 (January 2018): 239821281879482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2398212818794820.

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Background: Hyperglycaemia is associated with a worse outcome in acute ischaemic stroke patients; yet the pathophysiological mechanisms of hyperglycaemia-induced damage are poorly understood. We hypothesised that hyperglycaemia at the time of stroke onset exacerbates ischaemic brain damage by increasing the severity of the blood flow deficit. Methods: Adult, male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to receive vehicle or glucose solutions prior to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. Cerebral blood flow was assessed semi-quantitatively either 1 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion usi

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Murphy, S., and C. L. Gibson. "Nitric oxide, ischaemia and brain inflammation." Biochemical Society Transactions 35, no. 5 (October 25, 2007): 1133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0351133.

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Cerebral ischaemia results in the activation of three isoforms of NOS (nitric oxide synthase) that contribute to the development of and recovery from stroke pathology. This review discusses, in particular, the role of the transcriptionally activated NOS-2 (inducible NOS) isoform and summarizes the outcomes of experimental stroke studies with regard to the therapeutic utility of nitric oxide donors and NOS inhibitors.

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Liao, Boya, Leiluo Geng, Fang Zhang, Lingling Shu, Ling Wei, Patrick K. K. Yeung, Karen S. L. Lam, et al. "Adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein exacerbates cerebral ischaemia injury by disrupting the blood–brain barrier." European Heart Journal 41, no. 33 (April 29, 2020): 3169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa207.

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Abstract Aims Adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP) is an adipokine implicating in various metabolic diseases. Elevated circulating levels of A-FABP correlate positively with poor prognosis in ischaemic stroke (IS) patients. No information is available concerning the role of A-FABP in the pathogenesis of IS. Experiments were designed to determine whether or not A-FABP mediates blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption, and if so, to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying this deleterious effects. Methods and results Circulating A-FABP and its cerebral expression were increased in mice

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Hoffmann, Michael, and Peter Corr. "Posterior circulation positional transient ischaemic attacks due to persistent primitive hypoglossal artery with redundancy." South African Journal of Radiology 1, no. 2 (May 31, 1996): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v1i2.1614.

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A persistent primitive hypoglossal artery was the sole identifiable stroke risk factor for a patient presenting with positional, posterior circulation ischaemic episodes. Diagnosis was made by magnetic resonance arteriography and verified by conventional angiography. Tortuosity and coiling of the hypoglossal artery was also present. Dynamic transcranial Doppler sonography was normal and SPECT brain scanning revealed an area of posterior hemisphere hypoperfusion. Redundancy of the primitive hypoglossal artery is the postulated mechanism of cerebral ischaemia.

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Baird, A. E. "Blood genomic profiling: novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for stroke?" Biochemical Society Transactions 34, no. 6 (October 25, 2006): 1313–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0341313.

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Findings from gene expression profiling studies are leading to new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies that can be applied in medical practice, especially in the field of oncology. Promising results of gene expression profiling of the peripheral blood in patients with ischaemic stroke have been obtained in recent pilot studies, demonstrating a partially reproducible gene signature of acute cerebral ischaemia. However, questions remain. Given that blood is at least in part a surrogate tissue for ischaemic stroke, the specificity of these signatures needs to be evaluated. Furthermore, it needs

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Burggraf, Dorothe, Milan Vosko, Marion Schubert, Jean-Marie Stassen, and Gerhard Hamann. "Different therapy options protecting microvasculature after experimental cerebral ischaemia and reperfusion." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 103, no. 05 (2010): 891–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th09-07-0500.

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SummaryRecombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) is successfully used in human stroke, but often shows serious drawbacks. To find an alternative, we hypothesised that the novel thrombolytic microplasmin would have fewer adverse effects on haemoglobin extravasation and microvascular damage compared with the effects of rt-PA and tenecteplase (TNK). A constant period of ischaemia (3 hours) was induced in a rat suture model followed by reperfusion (24 hours). Mikroplasmin (10 mg/kg), TNK (5 mg/kg), rt-PA (9 mg/kg) and saline (control), were administered. The volume of the ischaemic lesion w

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Ilic, Miodrag, Slobodan Tanaskovic, Nenad Ilijevski, and Djordje Radak. "Acute reversible ischaemic neurological deficit induced by internal carotid artery kinking: Case report." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 139, no. 1-2 (2011): 92–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh1102092i.

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Introduction. Internal carotid artery (ICA) kinking is a pathological malformation with angulation of the vessel?s axis of 90? or less. It is known that kinking causes the reduction of flow within the vessel that may be exacerbated by progressive head rotation up to the point that causes complete cessation of flow. In this article, we report on the case of acute reversible ischaemic deficit induced by internal carotid artery kinking and immediate neurological recovery following surgical reconstruction. Case Outline. A 64-year-old woman was admitted to Vascular Surgery Clinic due to severe dizz

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Li, Ce, Tingting Zhang, Kewei Yu, Hongyu Xie, Yulong Bai, Li Zhang, Yi Wu та Nianhong Wang. "Neuroprotective Effect of Electroacupuncture and Upregulation of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α during Acute Ischaemic Stroke in Rats". Acupuncture in Medicine 35, № 5 (жовтень 2017): 360–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/acupmed-2016-011148.

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Background Acupuncture is a traditional method that has been widely used in various fields of medicine with therapeutic effect. However, evidence of effectiveness to support the application of electroacupuncture (EA) during the process of ischaemia is scarce. Objectives To investigate dynamic changes in hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α expression as well as its association with neurological status in rats subjected to acute ischaemic stroke and EA intervention. Methods Forty adult male rats were randomly divided into three groups that received sham surgery (Control group, n=10) or underwent m

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Patabendige, Adjanie, Ayesha Singh, Stuart Jenkins, Jon Sen, and Ruoli Chen. "Astrocyte Activation in Neurovascular Damage and Repair Following Ischaemic Stroke." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 8 (April 20, 2021): 4280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22084280.

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Abstract (sommario):

Transient or permanent loss of tissue perfusion due to ischaemic stroke can lead to damage to the neurovasculature, and disrupt brain homeostasis, causing long-term motor and cognitive deficits. Despite promising pre-clinical studies, clinically approved neuroprotective therapies are lacking. Most studies have focused on neurons while ignoring the important roles of other cells of the neurovascular unit, such as astrocytes and pericytes. Astrocytes are important for the development and maintenance of the blood–brain barrier, brain homeostasis, structural support, control of cerebral blood flow

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Lu, C. Z., and B. G. Xiao. "G-CSF and neuroprotection: a therapeutic perspective in cerebral ischaemia." Biochemical Society Transactions 34, no. 6 (October 25, 2006): 1327–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0341327.

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Abstract (sommario):

In several experimental studies of cerebral ischaemia, G-CSF (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) exerted neuroprotective effects through different mechanisms, including mobilization of haemopoietic stem cells, anti-apoptosis, neuronal differentiation, angiogenesis and anti-inflammation. Hence, G-CSF not only inhibits neuron death, but also generates ‘new’ neural tissue formation. A small pilot trial reports on the safety and feasibility of G-CSF therapy in stroke patients. According to this evidence, we can speculate that G-CSF, being used either alone or in combination with another agent,

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Jia, Jia, Jie Li, and Jian Cheng. "H2S-based therapies for ischaemic stroke: opportunities and challenges." Stroke and Vascular Neurology 4, no. 2 (June 2019): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/svn-2018-000194.

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Abstract (sommario):

Stroke is a cerebrovascular disease displaying high mortality and morbidity. Despite extensive efforts, only very few therapies are available for stroke patients as yet. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is thought to be a signalling molecule that is endogenously produced and plays functional roles in the central nervous system. Currently, numerous studies show that H2S impacts stroke outcomes in animal and cellular models. Here, we review the recent research regarding the effects of endogenously produced H2S as well as exogenous H2S donors on stroke pathology, focusing on the potential of H2S-based ther

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İyigün, İ., and Y. Bakirci. "Plasma Concentrations of C-Reactive Protein and Fibrinogen in Ischaemic Stroke." Journal of International Medical Research 30, no. 6 (December 2002): 591–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147323000203000607.

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This study investigated how fibrinogen and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels change in response to neural damage occurring after ischaemia, and the relationship between the distribution of the arterial lesion, the disease prognosis and the levels of these substances. Fibrinogen and CRP levels were measured in blood samples obtained from 83 patients admitted to hospital within 72 h of a first ischaemic stroke. The patients were evaluated clinically with the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS), and results were compared with 43 age-matched controls. The fibrinogen and CRP levels in unconscious patients wi

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Faller, Kiterie M. E., Joshua Leach, Pamela Johnston, William M. Holmes, I. Mhairi Macrae, and Bruno G. Frenguelli. "Proof of concept and feasibility studies examining the influence of combination ribose, adenine and allopurinol treatment on stroke outcome in the rat." Brain and Neuroscience Advances 1 (January 1, 2017): 239821281771711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2398212817717112.

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Abstract (sommario):

Background: Cerebral ischaemia results in a rapid and profound depletion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of the cell. This depletion leads to disruption of cellular homeostasis and cell death. Early replenishment of ATP levels might therefore have a neuroprotective effect in the injured brain. We have previously shown that the ATP precursors, D-ribose and adenine (RibAde), restored the reduced ATP levels in rat brain slices to values similar to those measured in the intact rodent brain. The aim of this study was to assess whether RibAde, either alone or in combination with

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Rothwell, Peter M., and Charles P. Warlow. "Familial frequency of ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack in relation to clinical subtype and intermediate phenotypes." Stroke 32, suppl_1 (January 2001): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/str.32.suppl_1.321-a.

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28 Susceptibility to cerebral ischaemia is influenced by genetic factors. However, although a number of rare Mendelian syndromes have been characterised, there have been few studies of the genetic epidemiology of the common forms of ischaemic stroke and TIA. Previous studies have not reported familial frequency in the specific clinical subtypes of ischaemic stroke, and have not assessed the extent to which familial susceptibility is related to intermediate phenotypes such as hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidaemia. We studied family history of stroke in 544 ischaemic strokes (Oxfordshire Co

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Bahor, Zsanett, Jing Liao, Malcolm R. Macleod, Alexandra Bannach-Brown, Sarah K. McCann, Kimberley E. Wever, James Thomas, et al. "Risk of bias reporting in the recent animal focal cerebral ischaemia literature." Clinical Science 131, no. 20 (October 13, 2017): 2525–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20160722.

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Abstract (sommario):

Background: Findings from in vivo research may be less reliable where studies do not report measures to reduce risks of bias. The experimental stroke community has been at the forefront of implementing changes to improve reporting, but it is not known whether these efforts are associated with continuous improvements. Our aims here were firstly to validate an automated tool to assess risks of bias in published works, and secondly to assess the reporting of measures taken to reduce the risk of bias within recent literature for two experimental models of stroke. Methods: We developed and used tex

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Hebel, Kazimiera, Przemysław Kowiański, and Katarzyna Rogoza. "Assessment of the Functional Status of Patients with Ischaemic Stroke Receiving Thrombolytic Treatment." Journal of Neurological and Neurosurgical Nursing 9, no. 1 (March 2020): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15225/pnn.2020.9.1.2.

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Abstract (sommario):

Introduction. Intravenous thrombolysis is a gold standard in the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke. It causes reperfusion in the region of ischaemia and as a result it has a positive effect on functional outcomes of patients. The sooner this treatment is introduced the higher efficacy can be expected. Aim. The study objective was to assess the functional status of patients with ischaemic stroke, undergoing thrombolytic treatment and the incidence of thrombolysis complications. Material and Methods. Retrospective studies were conducted on a group of 109 patients hospitalised due to ischaemic

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Sablot, Denis, Faouzi Belahsen, Fabrice Vuillier, Jean-François Cassarini, Pierre Decavel, Laurent Tatu, Thierry Moulin, and Elisabeth Medeiros de Bustos. "Predicting Acute Ischaemic Stroke Outcome Using Clinical and Temporal Thresholds." ISRN Neurology 2011 (September 6, 2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/354642.

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Abstract (sommario):

Background. Few studies have analysed the natural course of cerebral ischaemia for predicting outcome. We aimed to determine the early clinical findings and the thresholds for deficit severity and symptom duration that make it possible to stratify outcome. Methods. We included 154 patients with transient ischaemic attack or ischaemic stroke. Stroke profiles and neurological status were assessed from onset to 24 hrs, on admission, at 48 hrs, and at discharge. Outcomes were evaluated using the modified Rankin Scale. Positive and negative predictive values were calculated for the different thresh

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Krishna, Smriti Murali, Alexandra Fay Trollope, and Jonathan Golledge. "The relevance of epigenetics to occlusive cerebral and peripheral arterial disease." Clinical Science 128, no. 9 (January 27, 2015): 537–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20140491.

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Abstract (sommario):

Athero-thrombosis of the arteries supplying the brain and lower limb are the main causes of stroke and limb loss. New therapies are needed to improve the outcomes of athero-thrombosis. Recent evidence suggests a role for epigenetic changes in the development and progression of ischaemic injury due to atherosclerotic occlusion of peripheral arteries. DNA hypermethylation have been associated with cardiovascular diseases. Histone post-translational modifications have also been implicated in atherosclerosis. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein regulated pro-inflammatory gene expression within endoth

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Clarkson, Andrew N., Lily Boothman-Burrell, Zita Dósa, Raghavendra Y. Nagaraja, Liang Jin, Kim Parker, Petra S. van Nieuwenhuijzen, et al. "The flavonoid, 2′-methoxy-6-methylflavone, affords neuroprotection following focal cerebral ischaemia." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 39, no. 7 (January 29, 2018): 1266–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271678x18755628.

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Abstract (sommario):

Tonic inhibitory currents, mediated by extrasynaptic GABAA receptors, are elevated at a delay following stroke. Flavonoids minimise the extent of cellular damage following stroke, but little is known about their mode of action. We demonstrate that the flavonoid, 2′-methoxy-6-methylflavone (0.1–10 µM; 2′MeO6MF), increases GABAA receptor tonic currents presumably via δ-containing GABAA receptors. Treatment with 2′MeO6MF 1–6 h post focal ischaemia dose dependently decreases infarct volume and improves functional recovery. The effect of 2′MeO6MF was attenuated in δ−/− mice, indicating that the eff

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Hayon, Yael, Olga Dashevsky, Ela Shai, David Varon, and Ronen Leker. "Platelet lysates stimulate angiogenesis, neurogenesis and neuroprotection after stroke." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 110, no. 08 (2013): 323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th12-11-0875.

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Abstract (sommario):

SummaryPlatelets contain chemo-attractants and mitogens that have a major role in tissue repair. Therefore we hypothesised that tissue regeneration secondary to activation of endogenous neural stem cells (eNSC) can be enhanced by delivering platelets to the ischaemic brain. To examine these potential therapeutic effects we injected platelet-poor plasma (PPP), fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) and platelet lysate (PLT) to the lateral ventricles after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (PMCAO) in rats. The animals were tested with the neurological severity score, and infarct volumes were m

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Akhmedov, Alexander, Nicole R. Bonetti, Martin F. Reiner, Remo D. Spescha, Heidi Amstalden, Mario Merlini, Daniel S. Gaul, et al. "Deleterious role of endothelial lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 in ischaemia/reperfusion cerebral injury." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 39, no. 11 (August 3, 2018): 2233–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271678x18793266.

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Abstract (sommario):

Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) is implicated in cardiovascular disease by modulating apoptosis and oxidative stress. We hypothesized that LOX-1 may be involved in pathophysiology of stroke by mediating ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R)-dependent cell death. Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) was performed in wild-type (WT) mice, endothelial-specific LOX-1 transgenic mice (eLOX-1TG) and WT animals treated with LOX-1 silencing RNA (siRNA). In WT mice exposed to tMCAO, LOX-1 expression and function were increased in the MCA. Compared to WT animals, eLOX-

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Lucaci, Paul, Marius Neculaes, and Danisia Haba. "The Contribution of Imaging and Functional Diagnosis to the Rehabilitation of Patients with Stroke." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 8 (September 15, 2019): 2847–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.8.7440.

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Abstract (sommario):

The research conducted is based on the clinical evaluation through magnetic resonance and on functional testing using the stabilometric platform, of a sample of 23 subjects with a stroke ischemic localised in the area of the middle cerebral artery. With the help of magnetic resonance, the structural changes of the ischaemic focus were determined. At the same time, the evolution in time of the ischaemia and the alteration at the level of the ischaemic area were monitored. By using the stabilometric platform GPS 400, the distribution of the load at the level of the lower limbs was analysed, as w

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Percie du Sert, Nathalie, Alessio Alfieri, Stuart M. Allan, Hilary VO Carswell, Graeme A. Deuchar, Tracy D. Farr, Paul Flecknell, et al. "The IMPROVE Guidelines (Ischaemia Models: Procedural Refinements Of in Vivo Experiments)." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 37, no. 11 (August 11, 2017): 3488–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271678x17709185.

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Abstract (sommario):

Most in vivo models of ischaemic stroke target the middle cerebral artery and a spectrum of stroke severities, from mild to substantial, can be achieved. This review describes opportunities to improve the in vivo modelling of ischaemic stroke and animal welfare. It provides a number of recommendations to minimise the level of severity in the most common rodent models of middle cerebral artery occlusion, while sustaining or improving the scientific outcomes. The recommendations cover basic requirements pre-surgery, selecting the most appropriate anaesthetic and analgesic regimen, as well as int

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