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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Tempering"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 1 agosto 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Tempering"

1

Gonzalez-Pociño, Alejandro, Florentino Alvarez-Antolin e Juan Asensio-Lozano. "Improvement of Adhesive Wear Behavior by Variable Heat Treatment of a Tool Steel for Sheet Metal Forming". Materials 12, n. 17 (3 settembre 2019): 2831. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12172831.

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Vanadis 10 steel is a powder metallurgy (PM) processed tool steel. It is a ledeburitic steel with 8% Cr and 10% V. By deliberately varying the process parameters related to the quenching, tempering, and nitriding of these steels, the aim of this study is to determine which of these parameters have a significant influence on its adhesive wear resistance. The research methodology employed was a Design of Experiments (DoE) with six factors and two levels for each factor. The tempering temperature, number of temperings, and carrying out of a thermochemical nitriding treatment were found to have a significant effect. To increase adhesive wear resistance, austenitization at 1100 °C with air cooling is recommended, followed by three temperings at 500 °C and a subsequent nitriding treatment. It should be noted that the quench cooling medium does not have a significant influence on wear resistance. Furthermore, (Fe,Cr)7C3 (M7C3 carbides) are transformed into carbonitrides during nitriding. However, (Fe,V)C (MC carbides) are not affected by this nitriding process.

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2

Tawn, Nicholas G., e Gareth O. Roberts. "Accelerating parallel tempering: Quantile tempering algorithm (QuanTA)". Advances in Applied Probability 51, n. 03 (settembre 2019): 802–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/apr.2019.35.

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AbstractIt is well known that traditional Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods can fail to effectively explore the state space for multimodal problems. Parallel tempering is a well-established population approach for such target distributions involving a collection of particles indexed by temperature. However, this method can suffer dramatically from the curse of dimensionality. In this paper we introduce an improvement on parallel tempering called QuanTA. A comprehensive theoretical analysis quantifying the improved efficiency and scalability of the approach is given. Under weak regularity conditions, QuanTA gives accelerated mixing through the temperature space. Empirical evidence of the effectiveness of this new algorithm is illustrated on canonical examples.

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3

Jung, Min Su, Seok Jae Lee e Young Kook Lee. "Tempering Kinetics of S45C Martensitic Steel". Solid State Phenomena 118 (dicembre 2006): 375–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.118.375.

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The strain change during the tempering of S45C martensitic steel was examined at different heating rates using a dilatometer. Tempering stages 1 and 3 corresponding to the precipitations of transition carbide and cementite were observed. Tempering kinetics at each stage was investigated from the relation between the measured strain and atomic volume change during tempering. From the tempering kinetic data, continuous heating tempering diagram was constructed and the tempering kinetic model was proposed as Zener-Hillert type differential equation.

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4

Fisher, W., e S. Wesolkowski. "Tempering technostress". IEEE Technology and Society Magazine 18, n. 1 (1999): 28–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/44.752243.

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5

Larson. "Tempering Romance". Criticism 57, n. 1 (2015): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.13110/criticism.57.1.0137.

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6

Eaker, Lisa, e Ari Stantas. "Tempering Tenacity". International Journal of Applied Philosophy 21, n. 1 (2007): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ijap200721121.

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7

Wheelock, Stefan M. "Tempering Cosmopolitanism". American Literary History 32, n. 4 (2020): 804–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alh/ajaa026.

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8

Gramacy, Robert, Richard Samworth e Ruth King. "Importance tempering". Statistics and Computing 20, n. 1 (4 dicembre 2008): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11222-008-9108-5.

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9

Reinberger, Stefanie. "Tempering Tantrums". Scientific American Mind 19, n. 5 (ottobre 2008): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamericanmind1008-72.

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10

Bird, Lucy. "Tempering toxicity". Nature Reviews Immunology 5, n. 1 (gennaio 2005): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nri1542.

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Tesi sul tema "Tempering"

1

Chang, L. "Tempering of martensite". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370313.

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2

Schaefer, Matthew David. "Microwave Tempering of Shrimp with Susceptors". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36251.

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Microwave tempering experiments were conducted on frozen blocks of shrimp (FSB) and the results were used to help determine if microwave tempering of FSB is an improved thawing method over the current, traditional method, water immersion. Results of the microwave tempering experiments were also used to help determine which microwave tempering method amongst those explored by this study is most effective. Complete thawing of a FSB in a microwave oven was found to be impractical; however, using a combination of microwave tempering followed by water immersion can successfully thaw a FSB. After a microwave tempering experiment was conducted, the final stages of thawing were completed by using the traditional water immersion method. The amount of time to complete the thawing was recorded and is referred to as the additional thawing time. The amount of shrimp cooked during microwave tempering was also recorded and calculated as a percent. The additional thawing time and the percentage of shrimp cooked were used as criteria to compare microwave tempering experiments and also to compare microwave tempering experiments with the current method. The first set of microwave tempering experiments explored the advantages of freezing a microwave susceptive material within the FSB before microwave tempering. FSBs with susceptors and FSBs without susceptors were tempered in a microwave oven. The FSBs were tempered in a 2450 MHz microwave oven at 255 W for 35 minutes and at 406 W for 22 minutes. The results showed that the addition of susceptors does improve the microwave tempering process. The percentage of cooked shrimp and the additional thawing time was less for FSBs with susceptors than for FSBs without susceptors. The susceptors seem to help distribute the microwave energy more evenly, which reduces runaway heating and in turn reduces the amount of shrimp cooked. When compared to the current method, microwave tempering with susceptors reduced the total thawing time by 45% while microwave tempering without susceptors reduced the total thawing time by 43%. Both microwave tempering methods, with and without susceptors, are an improvement over the current method. The addition of susceptors does improve the microwave tempering process; however, the improvements are not significant enough to justify its recommendation. The second set of microwave tempering experiments explored the advantages of pulse microwave tempering. During pulsed microwave tempering the microwave oven was set to a high power level and was turned ON for a period of time and then OFF for a period of time. The ON/OFF pattern was repeated throughout the microwave tempering process. Several pulsed tempering experiments were conducted at a microwave power level of 848 W and at a microwave power level of 993 W. The results showed that there is no significant advantage to using pulsed microwave energy during tempering as opposed to continuous, fixed microwave energy. The results showed that fixed microwave tempering is more effective than pulsed microwave tempering. The percentage of cooked shrimp was lower for fixed experiments than for pulsed experiments and the additional thawing time was slightly less for fixed experiments than for pulsed experiments. A mathematical model was developed to help predict he temperature profiles of a FSB during microwave tempering. Experimental temperature data were collected at four locations within the FSB during microwave tempering by using four Luxtron Fluoroptic temperature probes and a Luxtron Fluoroptic thermometer. Overall, the temperatures predicted by the model were within 2 oC of the experimental temperatures. After the first 500 seconds or so of microwave tempering, the temperatures predicted by the model were consistently less than the experimental temperatures. From this study it was determined that the most effective microwave tempering method, amongst those conducted in this study, of a 2.2 kg (5 lb) frozen block of shrimp was accomplished by setting the power output to 255 W and the microwave cooking (tempering) time to 35 minutes. As previously mentioned, the addition of susceptors does improve the process but the improvements are not significant enough to justify its recommendation. Pulse tempering is not an improved method over fixed tempering.
Master of Science

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3

Zemui, Simon. "Quenching and tempering hardness response of front axle steel beams : Different material properties during quenching and tempering". Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-62747.

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The aim of this thesis was to investigate what the relation is between as-quench hardness and final surface hardness for steel beams is, depending on what tempering temperature is used. Also explain how chemistry, dimension and microstructure effects the final mechanical properties of the front axle beam. For this a review of literature concerning the effects was completed.Hardness measurement on the surface was performed on the ends of the beam (bottom and top). This hardness measurement was performed on 6 different front axle articles of the same material (41CrS4) and 2 different front axle articles of another material (40CrMo4). The relation diagram gives an estimation of what type of tempering temperature is needed to achieve the final hardness that is desired. Because the relation was done with some inconsistences it can’t be said to give a perfect answer. The relation diagrams only work for material 41CrS4 and 40CrMo4. For the core hardness test, 2 articles of 41CrS4 and one article of 40CrMo4 was measured on 5 different position on the cross-section, the beams for the respective articles were taken from quenched state and quenched+tempered. The beam dimensions have a significant effect when it comes to cooling down the part and achieve as close to uniform hardness as possible. Even though the Middle point of the I-section sample is one of the closest cores to the surface, it has a softer core compared with the other cores. While there exists hardness difference after quenching between different points in the core they even out after tempering. When comparing the core hardness with the surface hardness it can be said that the surface hardness is not as hard as the core because of decarburization. The microstructure analysis was done on 2 articles of 41CrS4 and one article of 40CrMo4. Samples from the 3 articles is taken from both the as-quenched state and quenched+tempered state. From the optical microscope it could be seen, that the surface of the beams decarbonizes leading to a higher amount of ferrite at the structure and softer surface. Because of this 15 mm into the material is harder than at-surface. Decarburization of the 41CrS4 steels made it so that what should have been a martensite and bainite dominated surface became a ferrite and bainite dominated.To decide the actual amount of retained austenite in the sample an XRD-analysis was performed. The XRD-analysis is done only for one article type of 41CrS4. From the front axle beam three samples of three different locations (bottom, middle, top) was taken for the analysis. For the theoretical calculation of the retained austenite vs the actual amount it can be said that is a very good representation of the total amount of retained austenite in the product. But the theoretical calculation deviates a bit from the actual amount at the top part of the beam.
Syftet med denna avhandling var att undersöka vad relationen är mellan härdat ythårdhet och slut ythårdhet för stålbalkar är, beroende på vilken anlöpnings temperatur som används. Tar också upp hur kemi, dimension och mikrostruktur påverkar de sista mekaniska egenskaperna hos framaxel balken. För detta genomfördes en genomgång av litteraturen om effekterna.Hårdhetsmätning på ytan utfördes på balkens ändar (botten och toppen). Denna hårdhetsmätning utfördes på 6 olika främre axelartiklar av samma material (41CrS4) och 2 olika främre axelartiklar av annat material (40CrMo4). Relationsdiagrammet ger en uppskattning av vilken typ av anlöpningstemperatur som behövs för att uppnå den slutliga hårdheten som önskas. Eftersom förhållandet gjordes med vissa inkonsekvenser kan det inte sägas ge ett perfekt svar. Relationsdiagrammen fungerar endast för material 41CrS4 och 40CrMo4.För kärnhårdhetstestet mättes 2 artiklar av 41CrS4 och en artikel av 40CrMo4 i 5 olika positioner på tvärsnittet, stålen för respektive artiklar togs från härdat tillstånd och härdat + anlöpt. Dimensionerna har en signifikant effekt när det gäller att kyla ner delen och uppnå så nära enhetlig hårdhet som möjligt. Även om mittpunkten i I-sektionsprovet är en av de närmaste kärnorna till ytan, så har det en mjukare kärna jämfört med de andra kärnorna. Det finns hårdhetsskillnad efter härdning mellan de olika punkter men de jämnar ut sig efter anlöpningen. När man jämför kärnhårdheten med ythårdheten kan man säga att ythårdheten inte är så hård på grund av avkolning.Mikrostrukturanalysen gjordes på 2 artiklar av 41CrS4 och en artikel av 40CrMo4. Prover från de 3 artiklarna tas från både härdat tillstånd och härdat + anlöpt tillstånd. Från det optiska mikroskopet kunde man se att stålbalkens yta har blivit utsatt för avkolning vilket leder till en högre mängd ferrit vid strukturen och en mjukare yta. På grund av detta, så är 15 mm in i materialet hårare än vid ytan. Avkolning av 41CrS4 stål gjorde så att det som borde ha varit ett martensit och bainit dominerat yta blev istället ferrit och bainit dominerat.XRD-analysen görs endast för en artikelart av 41CrS4. Från fram axelbalken togs tre prov från tre olika platser (botten, mitten, toppen) för analysen. För att bestämma den verkliga mängden restaustenit i provet utfördes en XRD-analys. För den teoretiska beräkningen av den rest austeniten jämfört med det faktiska beloppet kan man säga det är en mycket bra representation av den totala mängden kvarhållen austenit i produkten. Men den teoretiska beräkningen avviker lite från den faktiska mängden vid stålens övre del.

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4

Bhatnagar, Nayantara. "Annealing and Tempering for Sampling and Counting". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16323.

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The Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method has been widely used in practice since the 1950's in areas such as biology, statistics, and physics. However, it is only in the last few decades that powerful techniques for obtaining rigorous performance guarantees with respect to the running time have been developed. Today, with only a few notable exceptions, most known algorithms for approximately uniform sampling and approximate counting rely on the MCMC method. This thesis focuses on algorithms that use MCMC combined with an algorithm from optimization called simulated annealing, for sampling and counting problems. Annealing is a heuristic for finding the global optimum of a function over a large search space. It has recently emerged as a powerful technique used in conjunction with the MCMC method for sampling problems, for example in the estimation of the permanent and in algorithms for computing the volume of a convex body. We examine other applications of annealing to sampling problems as well as scenarios when it fails to converge in polynomial time. We consider the problem of randomly generating 0-1 contingency tables. This is a well-studied problem in statistics, as well as the theory of random graphs, since it is also equivalent to generating a random bipartite graph with a prescribed degree sequence. Previously, the only algorithm known for all degree sequences was by reduction to approximating the permanent of a 0-1 matrix. We give a direct and more efficient combinatorial algorithm which relies on simulated annealing. Simulated tempering is a variant of annealing used for sampling in which a temperature parameter is randomly raised or lowered during the simulation. The idea is that by extending the state space of the Markov chain to a polynomial number of progressively smoother distributions, parameterized by temperature, the chain could cross bottlenecks in the original space which cause slow mixing. We show that simulated tempering mixes torpidly for the 3-state ferromagnetic Potts model on the complete graph. Moreover, we disprove the conventional belief that tempering can slow fixed temperature algorithms by at most a polynomial in the number of temperatures and show that it can converge at a rate that is slower by at least an exponential factor.

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5

Alderdice, Corey. "Tempering Steel: Reapproaching the Mythos of Superman". TopSCHOLAR®, 2006. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/438.

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This study seeks to answer a question posed in Superman #156 and frequently throughout the history of the DC Comics Universe: Must there be a Superman? In answering this question, this study seeks to seam together over sixty years of Superman to better understand the mythology associated with these narratives as well as their impact on American culture. In an analysis of Mark Waid's Superman: Birthright (2003), the basic forms of the origin narrative are addressed as well as how Waid reconstructs the mythos for the twenty-first century. The second chapter addresses deconstructive narratives and the issue of shifting the context of Superman. This particular portion of the study examines Mark Waid's Kingdom Come (1996), Mark Millar's Superman: Red Son (2003) and Alan Moore's Whatever Happened to the Man of Tomorrow? (1986). The goal of this unit is to see how deconstructive narratives both break and adhere to the established continuity of the mythos and well as how the shift affects the audience's appreciation for Superman.. Despite almost a century in publication, Superman somehow retains a popular and cultural familiarity more so than other fictional icons. Authors such as Waid, Millar, and Moore have constructed versions of Superman capable of making sense in the twenty-first century yet adhering to the ideas established by Jerry Siegel and Joel Shuster in the 1930's.

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6

Tawn, Nicholas. "Towards optimality of the parallel tempering algorithm". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/99796/.

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Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques for sampling from complex probability distributions have become mainstream. Big data and high model complexity demand more scalable and robust algorithms. A famous problem with MCMC is making it robust to situations when the target distribution is multi-modal. In such cases the algorithm can become trapped in a subset of the state space and fail to escape during the entirety of the run of the algorithm. This non-exploration of the state space results in highly biased sample output. Simulated (ST) and Parallel (PT) Tempering algorithms are typically used to address multi-modality problems. These methods flatten out the target distribution using a temperature schedule. This allows the Markov chain to move freely around the state space and explore all regions of significant mass. This thesis explores two new ideas to improve the scalability of the PT algorithm. These are implemented in prototype algorithms, QuanTA and HAT, which are accompanied by supportive theoretical optimal scaling results. QuanTA focuses on improving transfer speed of the hot state mixing information to the target cold state. The associated scaling result for QuanTA shows that under mild conditions the QuanTA approach admits a higher order temperature spacing than the PT algorithm. HAT focuses on preserving modal weight through the temperature schedule. This is an issue that can lead to critically poor performance of the PT approach. The associated optimal scaling result is useful from a practical perspective. The result also challenges the notion that without modal weight preservation tempering schedules can be selected based on swap acceptance rates; an idea repeatedly used in the current literature. The new algorithms are prototype designs and have clear limitations. However, the impressive empirical performance of these new algorithms, together with supportive theory, illustrate their substantial improvement over existing methodology.

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Peet, Mathew James. "Transformation and tempering of low-temperature bainite". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609018.

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Gaude-Fugarolas, Daniel. "Modelling of transformations during induction hardening and tempering". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/218539.

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There are many circumstances in industry where steel components are locally heated into the austenite phase field, and then quenched rapidly to produce a hardened region. Induction hardening is one such process used widely in the manufacture of automobile components, in particular to enhance the wear and contact-fatigue resistance of rubbing surfaces.

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Zheng, Zhongrong. "Analysis of swapping and tempering Monte Carlo algorithms". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0006/NQ43460.pdf.

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10

Aydiner, Cahit Can Ustundag Ersan. "Investigation of thermal tempering in bulk metallic glasses /". Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 2004. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-04192004-120604.

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Più fonti

Libri sul tema "Tempering"

1

Monette, Sarah. The tempering of men. New York: Tor, 2011.

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2

Nolan, Mary G. The pre-tempering of tool steels. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1998.

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3

Woodworth, Joseph Vincent. Hardening, Tempering, Annealing and Forging of Steel: A treatise on the Practical Treatment and Working of High and Low Grade Steel. Bradley, IL, USA: Lindsay Publications, 1990.

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Cheng, Liu. Phase transformations in iron-based interstitial martensites. Delft, Netherlands: Technische Universiteit Delft, 1990.

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5

1940-, Crawford Dianna, a cura di. The tempering blaze: Freedom’s Holy Light Book #3. Wheaton, Ill: Tyndale House Publishers, 1995.

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6

Cain, Tubal. Hardening, tempering and heat treatment for model engineers. Swanley, Kent: Nexus Special Interests, 1998.

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7

1933-, Krauss George, Repas Paul E, Iron and Steel Society of AIME. Product Physical Metallurgy Committee. e Mechanical Working & Steel Processing Conference (34th : 1992 : Montreal, Que.), a cura di. Gilbert R. Speich symposium proceedings: Fundamentals of aging and tempering in bainitic and martensitic steel products : an international symposium held at the 34th Mechanical Working and Steel Processing Conference, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, October 25-28, 1992. Warrendale, PA: The Society, 1992.

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Conry, M. J. Culm crushers: Edge-runner grinding stones for tempering culm. Carlow: Chapelstown Press, 1999.

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9

Sames, Gary P. Coal mine air tempering: Effectiveness, design, and roof support. Pittsburgh, Pa: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1985.

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Silke, Neil Edward. Modelling of Coanda ejectors for their utilisation in glass tempering systems. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 2000.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Tempering"

1

Windhab, Erich J. "Tempering". In Beckett's Industrial Chocolate Manufacture and Use, 314–55. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118923597.ch13.

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Xiaochun, Wu, e Xu Kuangdi. "Tempering". In The ECPH Encyclopedia of Mining and Metallurgy, 1–2. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0740-1_904-1.

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Thompson, David A. "Thermal Tempering". In Inorganic Reactions and Methods, 126–27. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470145333.ch86.

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Nelson, R. B. "Pumps and tempering". In Industrial Chocolate Manufacture and Use, 167–210. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2111-2_12.

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Scully, Terence. "Tempering Medieval Food". In Food in the Middle Ages, 3–23. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315048437-1.

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Wei, Li, e Xu Kuangdi. "Quenching and Tempering". In The ECPH Encyclopedia of Mining and Metallurgy, 1. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0740-1_897-1.

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Lynne, Gary D. "Financial Policy: Tempering Greed". In Palgrave Advances in Behavioral Economics, 139–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50601-8_7.

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Bornn, Luke. "PAWL-Forced Simulated Tempering". In The Contribution of Young Researchers to Bayesian Statistics, 61–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02084-6_12.

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Andrade, Julio. "Assimilating Supererogation, Tempering Demandingness". In Morally-Demanding Infinite Responsibility, 41–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61630-4_3.

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Madras, Neal. "Umbrella Sampling and Simulated Tempering". In Numerical Methods for Polymeric Systems, 19–32. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1704-6_2.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Tempering"

1

Daghofer, M. "Perfect Tempering". In BAYESIAN INFERENCE AND MAXIMUM ENTROPY METHODS IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING: 24th International Workshop on Bayesian Inference and Maximum Entropy Methods in Science and Engineering. AIP, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1835233.

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Adámek, Karel, Miloš Pavlů e Milan Bandouch. "Solar ventilation and tempering". In XIX. THE APPLICATION OF EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUID MECHANICS AND ENERGETICS 2014: Proceedings of the International Conference. AIP Publishing LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4892697.

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3

LI, YAOHANG, CHARLIE E. M. STRAUSS e ANDREY GORIN. "PARALLEL TEMPERING IN ROSETTA PRACTICE". In Proceedings of the International Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812702098_0035.

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4

Angelopoulos, Nicos, e James Cussens. "Tempering for Bayesian C&RT". In the 22nd international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1102351.1102354.

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5

Rogers, Kantwon, e Ayanna Howard. "Tempering Transparency in Human-Robot Interaction". In 2023 IEEE International Symposium on Ethics in Engineering, Science, and Technology (ETHICS). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ethics57328.2023.10154942.

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6

Cai, Xiaoqing, Richard Sisson e Lesley D. Frame. "The Effects of Heating Rates on the Tempering of 4140 Steel". In HT 2017. ASM International, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.ht2017p0305.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract Martensitic steels must be tempered to increase their toughness and ductility. The tempering process requires heating from room temperature to the desired tempering temperature. In this paper, the effects of heating rates on carbide precipitate size distribution, chemistry, and precipitate density will be discussed. As-quenched martensite in AISI 4140 steel was heated to selected tempering temperatures in air furnaces as well as by induction. The heating rates for tempering vary from 30 seconds to 20 minutes. The experimental results are presented, and carbides were characterized using an extraction technique.

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7

Jang, Eun, Jeffrey Stewart, Yuxiang Luo, Shijie Qu, Boian Alexandrov, Steven L. McCracken, Jonathan Tatman, Darren Barborak e Jorge A. Penso. "Tempering Efficiency Evaluation for Dissimilar Weld Overlays". In ASME 2020 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2020-21708.

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Abstract The objective of this work was to develop a procedure for evaluation and quantification of the tempering efficiency of corrosion resistant weld overlays used in the power generation and oil and gas industries. Three two-layer weld overlays of Alloy 625 on Grade 22 steel plates were produced using GTAW cold wire procedures. Typical welding parameters corresponding to low, medium, and high heat input were utilized. The overlays consisted of nine beads on the first layer and five to seven beads on the second layer. The weld thermal histories experienced in the coarse-grained heat affected zone (CGHAZ) were measured with Type K thermocouples and recorded with a 55 Hz sampling rate. Two rows of seven thermocouples were used in each overlay: one row located in a mid-bead position beneath the center bead of the overlay and the other row located in the nearest bead overlap position. Additionally, one Type C thermocouple was plunged into the weld pool of a second layer weld bead. The acquired thermal histories and the CGHAZ hardness at the thermocouple locations were evaluated to quantify the tempering efficiency in each welding procedure. The weld thermal histories with peak temperatures between 500°C, assumed as the minimum tempering temperature, and the base metal AC1 temperature were considered as tempering thermal cycles. The number of tempering thermal cycles and the sum of tempering cycle’s peak temperatures in each thermocouple location, as well as the corresponding hardness were used to quantify the tempering response efficiency for each of the three welding procedures. The results of this study will be used for validation of a computational model-based approach for prediction of tempering response and optimization of temper bead welding procedures.

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8

De Moor, Emmanuel, e Igor Vieira. "Tempering Response of Martensitic and Bainitic Microstructures". In The 4th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering. Avestia Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/mmme18.1.

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9

Cong, J., Tianming Kong, Dongmin Xu, Faming Liang, J. S. Liu e Wing Hung Wong. "Relaxed simulated tempering for VLSI floorplan designs". In Proceedings of the ASP-DAC '99 Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference 1999 (Cat. No.99EX198). IEEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aspdac.1999.759698.

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10

Canale, Lauralice C. F., Jianfeng Gu, Xin Yao e George E. Totten. "History And Advances In Tempering Parameter Development". In 2006 SAE Brasil Congress and Exhibit. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2006-01-2807.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Tempering"

1

Rintoul, Mark Daniel, Steven James Plimpton e Mark P. Sears. Parallel tempering Monte Carlo in LAMMPS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), novembre 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/918289.

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2

Scartascini, Carlos, Fernando G. Cafferata e Daniel W. Gingerich. Tempering the Taste for Vengeance: Information about Prisoners and Policy Choices in Chile. Inter-American Development Bank, agosto 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002575.

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3

Chi, Y. C., S. H. Lee, K. Cho e J. Duffy. The Effects of Tempering and Test Temperature on the Dynamic Fracture Initiation Behavior of an AISI 4340 VAR Steel. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, agosto 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada201606.

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4

Groeneveld. L51676 Evaluation of Modern X70 and X80 Line Pipe Steels. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), aprile 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010158.

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Abstract (sommario):

Nine sections of advanced high strength line pipes, Grades X70 and X80 have been evaluated during this study. Six of those pipes were Grade X70 and three were Grade X80. Four of the X70 pipes were fabricated from microalloyed steels that were controlled rolled; the other two X70 pipes were controlled rolled plus accelerated cooled. Two of the controlled-rolled X70 pipes were produced from plates from the same slab of continuously cast steel; one was fabricated by the pyramid-rolling process and the other was fabricated by the U-O-E process. Two of the Grade X80 steels were produced from plate that was controlled rolled; one of those was accelerated cooled after controlled rolling. The third X80 pipe was produced from a microalloyed steel plate that was fabricated into pipe, ERW welded, and then heat treated by austenitizing, spray quenching, and tempering. The information obtained from the evaluations of these pipes is summarized in the following sections.

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