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1

Mason, I. J. "Gene expression during mouse development and teratocarcinoma differentiation". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47226.

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2

Bonner, Allison E. "Organ development and tumorigenesis a molecular link /". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1073936508.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xviii, 183 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Co-advisors: , Ming You and Christoph Plass, Dept. of Medical Microbiology and Immunology. Includes bibliographical references (p. 172-183).
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3

Smith, Janet. "The developmental genetics of mouse teratocarcinoma and embryonal cells". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20199.

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4

Roach, Sherry L. "The molecular analysis of the differentiation of human testicular teratocarcinoma". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239291.

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5

McGowan-Jordan, I. Jean. "Suppression of tumorigenicity of the PA-1 human teratocarcinoma cell line". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0011/NQ28358.pdf.

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6

Su, Dan. "Microarray screening and identification of RARgamma regulated genes in F9 teratocarcinoma stem cells /". Access full-text from WCMC:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1428838881&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=8424&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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7

Gorbea, Carlos M. "Glycolipids in mouse F9 teratocarcinoma cells : some changes associated with retinoic acid-induced differentiation /". Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08142009-040425/.

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8

Gillespie, Robert Francis. "Transcriptional regulation of retinoic acid : responsive genes in F9 wild type and F9 retinoic acid receptor deficient teratocarcinoma stem cells /". Access full-text from WCMC:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1432771291&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=8424&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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9

Bonner, Allison E. "Organ development and tumorigenesis: a molecular link". The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1073936508.

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10

Podrygajlo, Grzegorz. "Differentiation of human teratocarcinoma cell line into motor neurons: investigation of cellular phenotype in vitro and in transplantation studies". Hannover Bibliothek der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1000125572/34.

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11

Podrygajlo, Grzegorz [Verfasser]. "Differentiation of human teratocarcinoma cell line into motor neurons : investigation of cellular phenotype in vitro and in transplantation studies / Grzegorz Podrygajlo". Hannover : Bibliothek der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1000125572/34.

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12

Amat, Roca Miguel. "Utilidad de los teratocarcinomas para el estudio de los linajes embrionarios". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/585941.

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Esta tesis doctoral se integra en una línea de investigación centrada en el estudio del crecimiento y de la diferenciación celulares analizados mediante el modelo de los cuerpos embrioides cavitados (BC1) y simples (BS1) derivados del teratocarcinoma murino OTT6050. El objetivo de la tesis es comprobar las determinaciones de las células de carcinoma embrionario mediante un estudio comparativo inmunológico entre unos cuerpos embrioides y otros. Los cuerpos embrioides se separan mediante una centrifugación en un gradiente de Ficoll 400, se usan como inmunógeno y se administran, con y sin adyuvante de Freund, mediante dos pautas distintas a conejos diferentes. Acabada la inmunización se extrae la sangre y se descomplementa. Los antisueros se analizan mediante las técnicas de Elisa, “inmunoblotting” e inmunohistoquímica. La técnica de Elisa demuestra que el suero anti-BC1 deja de presentar actividad a la dilución 1/9600 y el suero anti-BS1 presenta actividad a la dilución 1/51200. El suero anti-BC1 identifica una proteína de 90000 daltons en los tejidos adultos murinos probados, mientras que al antisuero anti-BS1 presenta afinidad por una amplia gama de proteínas de diversos pesos moleculares en los tejidos analizados. El suero anti-BC1 marca el ectodermo extraembrionario y el endodermo visceral de embriones murinos de 6 y de 7 días; el antisuero anti-BS1 reacciona con derivados de las tres hojas embrionarias. Los resultados indican que las células de los cuerpos embroides BC1 son más pluripotentes que las células de los cuerpos embroides BS1. El modelo estudiado permitiría en estudios futuros la obtención de anticuerpos monoclonales de gran utilidad tanto para la obtención de marcadores embrionarios como tumorales.
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13

Boy-Lefèvre, Marie-Laure. "Etude de la differenciation cartilagineuse et osseuse a partir de lignees cellulaires osteoprogenitrices issues de teratocarcinome de souris". Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA07GA18.

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14

Griep, Anne Elizabeth. "Molecular aspects of retinoic acid induced cellular differentiation early events in differentiating F9 teratocarcinoma cells /". 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/13431529.html.

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15

Zheng, Ywen. "Function of PIWIL3 in stem cells". Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/48764.

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Tese de mestrado, Biologia Molecular e Genética, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2021
In humans, genome integrity is continuously threatened by exogenous and endogenous agents. Encoded within our own genetic material we express transposable elements, a major contributor to DNA instability. These elements are nucleic acid sequences that are able to move from chromosomal locationto another, a process known as transposition. Within the family of transposable elements, retrotransposons are the only acknowledged active members in humans. Their transposition is recognised to be shaping our genome throughout evolution by contributing to genetic polymorphism. However, in the majority of the cases it introduces mutations with detrimental effects that can result in diseases. Nearly 35% of human DNA mass is composed by retrotransposons and therefore, cells have evolved many regulatory mechanisms to defend the hazards of unfettered retrotransposition. This is particularly important in germ cells where mutations can be carried through to the next generation. Usually retrotransposons are epigenetically methylated, but in germ cells where the epigenetic reprogramming events take place, the silencing marks are erased and subsequently an increase in transposition rate is detected. During this process, cells have indeed to protect their genome and one of the most notorious mechanism to regulate transposable elements are a group of proteins named Pelement induced wimpy testis (PIWIs), a subfamily of Argonaute proteins which are key players in gene silencing. The members of this family have three main motifs that are responsible to associate with small non-coding RNAs, which are responsible to conduct the complex to target mRNAs by base pairing, and to disrupt these target sequences with their catalytic domain. In flies and rodents, these proteins are mostly restricted to the germline, where they interact directly with PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). piRNAs are short sequences derived from piRNA clusters. These clusters are composed by several inactive and/or defective fragments of transposable elements, which means that piRNAs originated from theses clusters are mapped to target their respective transposon. In germ cells, PIWI/piRNA complex is primarily associated to inhibit transposition. Besides that, these elements are also key players in germ cell maintenance and differentiation. We humans and other mammals, express four copies of PIWI proteins – PIWIL1-4. Interestingly, organisms from the Muridae family do not express an ortholog for PIWIL3 which delayed our understanding of its roles and importance in mammals, more specifically in humans. All PIWI proteins have been associated with cancer. However whether they act as an oncogene or as tumour suppressor depends on the nature of the tumour. A recent report demonstrated that PIWIL3 is present in bovine oocytes and early stage embryos in a complex with Tudor and KH domain-containing (TDRKH) protein docked on the mitochondria. TDRKH is a Tudor protein that is often characterized by its physical interaction with other proteins. In female germ cells of bovine, PIWIL3/TDRKH complex formation is crucial for piRNA maturation. Half of the piRNA sequences associated with the complex were described to target retrotransposons. The roles of the other half remain unknown. Since the functions of PIWI proteins are conserved throughout evolution, we expect that PIWIL3 follows the same functional profile in the human teratocarcinoma germ NT2 cell line as in bovine oocytes and early stage embryos. Additionally, it was found that PIWI proteins are not restricted to the germline, as they are also expressed in somatic cells. In particular, this protein family was identified in neurons of flies, rodents and nematodes where they play key roles in regeneration, regulation of long-term memory, neuronal development, etc. Here we demonstrate that PIWIL3 is expressed in NT2 cells, a human testicular teratocarcinoma cell line. Moreover, TDRKH is also present and localizes on the mitochondria. However, using immunocytochemistry and co-immunoprecipitation techniques TDRKH co-localization and interaction with PIWIL3 was shown to be non-existent, inconsistent to what is seen in bovine oocytes. This result implies that PIWIL3 is not associated with piRNA processing pathway. Further examination through PIWIL3 knockdown revealed a role for this protein in supressing the activity of retrotransposons, including short and long interspaced repeat elements and human endogenous retrovirus, in NT2 cells. Lastly, PIWIL3 expression does not seem to be necessary for the differentiation process of NT2 into neuronal cells.
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16

Κουρτίδης, Κωνσταντίνος. "Μελέτη της έκφρασης των συνθασών του υαλουρονικού οξέος και του υποδοχέα CD44 σε κυτταρικές σειρές όγκων όρχεων". 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10889/5103.

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Η νεοπλασία των όρχεων, αν και σχετικά αποτελεί μια σπάνια μορφή νεοπλασίας (1- 2% όλων των νεοπλασμάτων του άνδρα), είναι ο πιο συχνός όγκος στις ηλικίες 20-40 ετών, αποτελώντας την τρίτη κατά σειρά αιτία θανάτου στις ηλικίες αυτές. Περίπου το 95% των όγκων όρχεων προέρχεται από τα βλαστικά κύτταρα. Η αλληλεπίδραση των κυττάρων με άλλα κύτταρα ή με συστατικά του εξωκυττάριου χώρου, καθώς και η μετακίνηση στο ενδοθήλιο των αρτηριών και στο εξωφλεβικό ιστό, είναι εξαρτημένη από την ενεργότητα των μορίων προσκόλλησης όπως οι ιντεγκρίνες, οι σελεκτίνες και μέλη της υπεροικογένειας των ανοσοσφαιρινών, καντχερίνες και ο CD44. Ο CD44 είναι μια γλυκοπρωτεΐνη και αποτελεί τον κύριο υποδοχέα του ΗA. Η ισομορφή που δεν περιέχει ενδιάμεσα εξώνια ονομάζεται CD44s, ενώ όλες οι υπόλοιπες ισομορφές προκύπτουν με εναλλακτικό μάτισμα δέκα διαφορετικών εξωνίων, παράγοντας πληθώρα διαφορετικών μορίων του CD44. Πληθώρα μελετών υποστηρίζει ότι ο μεμβρανικός υποδοχέας CD44 και το ΗΑ υπερεκφράζονται σε πολλές κακοήθειες και η αλληλεπίδρασή τους διεγείρει σειρά λειτουργιών στα κύτταρα του όγκου που συντελούν στην πρόοδο της νόσου. Η κύρια ισομορφή CD44s εκφράζεται ευρέως στους ιστούς και υπερεκφράζεται σε διάφορους τύπους καρκίνου όπου και συνυπάρχει με το ΗΑ, ενώ κάποιες ισομορφές όπως η CD44v5, CD44v6, παίζουν σημαντικό ρόλο στην επιθετικότητα μερικών τύπων καρκίνου. Η έκφραση του CD44 έχει μελετηθεί μερικώς στους όγκους όρχεων και έχουν δημοσιευθεί αντικρουόμενα ευρήματα, ενώ δεν υπάρχουν διαθέσιμα στοιχεία για την έκφραση των ενζύμων που συνθέτουν το ΗΑ. Στόχος της μεταπτυχιακής εργασίας ήταν να διερευνηθεί η έκφραση των ισομορφών του CD44 και των συνθασών του ΗΑ σε τρεις κυτταρικές σειρές όγκων όρχεων (Σεμίνωμα, Εμβρυϊκό καρκίνωμα, Τερατοκαρκίνωμα). Η μελέτη του υποδοχέα CD44 πραγματοποιήθηκε με RT-PCR και ανοσοαποτύπωση. Σε επίπεδο mRNA βρέθηκε πως η κύρια ισομορφή του CD44 που εκφράζεται στο σεμίνωμα καθώς και σε μη- σεμινωματώδεις όγκους είναι η ισομορφή CD44s. Ακόμη στην κυτταρική σειρά σεμινώματος όρχεων εκφράζονται και άλλες ισομορφές, κυρίως όμως εκφράζονται οι ισομορφές CD44v7-v10, CD44v8-v10, CD44v9-v10 και CD44v10. Στις κυτταρικές σειρές μη σεμινωματωδών όγκων (εμβρυϊκό καρκίνωμα και τερατοκαρκίνωμα) εκτός της CD44s ισομορφής που είναι η κυρίαρχη ισομορφή εκφράζονται και κάποιες άλλες ισομορφές του CD44. Στο εμβρυϊκό καρκίνωμα εκφράζονται οι ισομορφές CD44v5,v8, CD44v9-v10 και CD44v10, ενώ στο τερατοκαρκίνωμα παρατηρείται η έκφραση κυρίως της CD44v5,v8, ενώ εκφράζονται και οι CD44v5,v9, CD44v5, CD44v8-v10, CD44v9-v10 και η CD44v10. Η μελέτη του CD44 σε επίπεδο πρωτεΐνης με το αντίσωμα Hermes-3 κατέδειξε πως η κύρια ισομορφή που εκφράζεται στην κυτταρική σειρά σεμινώματος είναι η CD44s με μοριακό βάρος~90kDa. Ακόμα φάνηκε πως υπάρχει έκφραση και κάποιων ισομορφών και θραυσμάτων του CD44 με μικρότερο μοριακό μέγεθος. Αντίθετα στις κυτταρικές σειρές εμβρυϊκού καρκίνωματος και τερατοκαρκινώματος παρατηρήθηκε η έκφραση μόνο της CD44s ισομορφής. Αντίθετα με την υψηλή έκφραση του CD44s στην κυτταρική σειρά σεμινώματος, παρατηρήθηκε μικρή έκφραση του CD44s στην κυτταρική σειρά εμβρυϊκού καρκινώματος και μια ελάχιστη έκφραση στην κυτταρική σειρά του τερατοκαρκινώματος. Η μελέτη του υποδοχέα CD44 σε επίπεδο ιστού έδειξε ότι η πρωτεΐνη του CD44 εκφράζεται στα κύτταρα του όγκου. Η σηματοδοτική δράση του ΗΑ στα καρκινικά κύτταρα μέσω του υποδοχέα CD44 έχει προταθεί ως βασικό βήμα για την ανάπτυξη και πρόοδο της νόσου. Οι συνθάσες του HA είναι τα ένζυμα που βιοσυνθέτουν το ΗΑ και διακρίνονται σε τρεις ισομορφές τις HAS- 1, HAS-2, HAS-3α, και HAS-3β. Στα πλαίσια της μεταπτυχιακής διατριβής βρέθηκε πως η κυτταρική σειρά σεμινώματος εκφράζει μόνο την ισομορφή HAS-3α, ενώ οι κυτταρικές σειρές εμβρυϊκού καρκινώματος και τερατοκαρκινώματος εμφανίζουν ισχυρή έκφραση της ισομορφής HAS-3α και μικρή έκφραση της HAS-2.
Testicular tumors are present in men aged 15-35 years with increasing incidence in the last 40 years. Approximately 95% of these tumors arise from germ cells. The interaction of cells with other cells or with components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), as well as their locomotion on blood vessel endothelium and extravascular tissue, are substantially dependent on the activity of adhesion molecules such as integrins, selectins, members of the immunoglobulin superfamily, addressins, cadherins, and CD44. CD44 is a glycoprotein and represents the major receptor for HA. The isoform with no variant exons is named CD44s, whereas the other isoforms arise from alternative splicing of the 10 variant exons of the CD44 mRNA, producing a huge variety of diverse CD44 molecules. A lot of studies supports that the membrane receptor CD44 and HA are overexpressed in several malignancies and their interaction trigger fuctions in tumour cells, which conduce to the disease progression. The major isoform is the CD44s which is expressed widely in tissues, whereas is overexpressed in several types of tumours ,coexisting with HA. The expression of CD44 has been partly studied in testicular tumours but controversial findings have been published, whereas no data about the enzymes which synthesize HA are available. The aim of this thesis was to examine the expression of CD44 isoforms and HA synthases in three cell lines (seminoma, embryonic carcinoma, teratocarcinoma). The study of CD44 was conducted by RT-PCR analysis and western blotting. It was found that in mRNA level, the major isoform that is expressed in seminoma and nonseminomas is the CD44s isoform. Moreover, in seminoma cell line, other isoforms are also expressed, namely CD44v7-v10, CD44v8-v10, CD44v9-v10 and CD44v10 isoforms. In nonseminomas cell lines CD44s is expressed as the major isoform , but also other isoforms are expressed. CD44v5,v8, CD44v9-v10 and CD44v10 isoforms are expressed in embryonic carcinoma , whereas in teratocarcinoma the expression mainly of the CD44v5,v8 isoform is observed, together with CD44v5,v9, CD44v5, CD44v8-v10, CD44v9-v10 and CD44v10 isoforms. The study of CD44 in protein level conducted by western blotting using the monoclonal antibody Hermes-3. It was shown that the major isoform expressed in seminoma cell line is CD44s with a molecular mass approximately 90kDa. Moreover it was shown that other CD44 isoforms and CD44 fragments with smaller molecular mass are expressed. On the other hand, in embryonic carcinoma and teratocarcinoma cell lines, the expression only of CD44s isoform was observed. The study of CD44 in tissue level revealed that CD44protein is expressed in tumour cells. The signaling effect of HA in tumor cells through CD44 has been stated to be a crucial step in the development and progression of the disease. The synthases of HA are the enzymes that produce HA and represent three distinct isoforms HAS-1, HAS-2, HAS-3a, and HAS-3b. The findings of this study revealed that seminoma cell line express only HAS-3a isoform, whereas embryonic carcinoma and teratocarcinoma cell lines showed high expression of HAS-3a isoform and low expression of HAS-2 isoform.
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