Tesi sul tema "Terminalia spp"

This work presents a novel Peer to Peer (P2P) framework for Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) on Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET). SIP is a client-server model of computing which can introduce a single point of failure problem. P2P SIP addresses this problem by using a distributed implementation based on a P2P paradigm. However, both the traditional SIP and P2P SIP architectures are not suitable for MANETs because they are initially designed for infrastructured networks whose most nodes are static. We focus on distributed P2P resource lookup mechanisms for SIP which can tolerate failures resulting from the node mobility. Our target application is SIP-based multimedia communication in a rapidly deployable disaster emergency network. To achieve our goal, we provide four contributions as follows. The first contribution is a novel P2P lookup architecture based on a concept of P2P overlay network called a Structured Mesh Overlay Network (SMON). This overlay network enables P2P applications to perform fast resource lookups in the MANET environment. SMON utilizes a cross layer design based on the Distributed Hashing Table (DHT) and has direct access to OLSR routing information. Its cross layer design allows optimizing the overlay network performance during the change of network topology. The second contribution is a distributed SIP architecture on MANET providing SIP user location discovery in a P2P manner which tolerates single-point and multiple-point of failures. Our approach extends the traditional SIP user location discovery by utilizing DHT in SMON to distribute SIP object identifiers over SMON. It offers a constant time on SIP user discovery which results in a fast call setup time between two MANET users. From simulation and experiment results, we find that SIPMON provides the lowest call setup delay when compared to the existing broadcast-based approaches. The third contribution is an extended SIPMON supporting several participating MANETs connected to Internet. This extension (SIPMON+) provides seamless mobility support allowing a SIP user to roam from an ad hoc network to an infrastructured network such as Internet without interrupting an ongoing session. We propose a novel OLSR Overlay Network (OON), a single overlay network containing MANET nodes and some nodes on the Internet. These nodes can communicate using the same OLSR routing protocol. Therefore, SIPMON can be automatically extended without modifying SIPMON internal operations. Through our test-bed experiments, we prove that SIPMON+ has better performance in terms of call setup delay and handoff delay than MANET for Network Mobility (MANEMO). The fourth contribution is a proof-of-concept and a prototype of P2P multimedia communication based on SIPMON+ for post disaster recovery missions. We evaluate our prototype and MANEMO-based approaches through experimentation in real disaster situations (Vehicle to Infrastructure scenarios). We found that our prototype outperforms MANEMO-based approaches in terms of call setup delay, packet loss, and deployment time.

Introduce grauation work contains the detail characteristic of the marking of material elements incoming to store and work out from store. The main part of the work is aimed to shortening working time during material entry and work out from store. On ground ride out analyse has been suggested optimal soluti-on implementation marking of material elements into production company. Optimal type barcode has been designed and time schedule to implementation marking of material elements has been described. The technic-economical analysis proposed solution SAP console describing type and price component need to implementation this solution.

Thesis deals with design of acquisition system, working on developing platform STEMLab (Red Pitaya). Goal is possibility of monitoring analog signals with adjustable sampling frequency and length of acquisition. Software was created for both controlling part (Python application) and for platform itself (embedded C, Python) using the appropriate FPGA-HW design (HDL). Thesis describe how to work with platform ecosystem, control and behaviour of aplications created during the proces of getting acquainted with the platform and options how aplications could be created.

Ce travail de thèse s'intéresse à la conférence audio en Voix sur IP et plus précisément à son enrichissement au travers de l'amélioration de la qualité (bande élargie et traitement d'amélioration) et de la spatialisation sonore. Cette évolution de la conférence audio sera examinée à la lumière des architectures centralisée et distribuée de la conférence sur IP standard. L'objectif est d'étudier des solutions en termes d'architecture intégrant la spatialisation et des extensions pour gérer et contrôler cette spatialisation. Il conviendra aussi d'effectuer les tests montrant les qualités audio et de spatialisation résultantes. Notre première contribution a été de proposer des architectures permettant d'allier la conférence audio en voix sur IP, les méthodes de spatialisation retenues, les terminaux ou pont de conférence ainsi que les traitements d'améliorations connus (annulation d'écho ou de bruit, etc.). Nous avons montré qu'il semblait difficile par exemple d'utiliser conjointement la spatialisation et la commutation de flux. Par contre la solution utilisant un pont mixeur ne présentait pas d'inconvénient pour inclure la spatialisation tout en conservant l'ensemble des traitements de qualité. Par cette configuration, nous garantissons en plus l'interopérabilité avec les réseaux voix existants. Les solutions distribuées sont tout autant réalisables dans la théorie mais pâtissent actuellement des limites des terminaux. Pour une interopérabilité avec les autres réseaux voix, il est en plus nécessaire d'avoir une entité de mixage pour créer un contenu monophonique. Par la suite, nous avons souligné les avantages et les inconvénients de l'utilisation de pont de conférence de type mixeur et de type répliquant pour proposer une solution de pont mixte. Cette solution fonctionne tantôt en mode répliquant, tantôt en mode mixeur suivant les capacités des terminaux. Par ailleurs, nous avons validé une méthode de réduction de la bande passante d'un pont répliquant vers un terminal, basée sur le masquage auditif. La seconde contribution de nos travaux consiste en de nouvelles solutions protocolaires adaptées à la gestion et au contrôle de la spatialisation. Nous avons donc défini les extensions nécessaires à la gestion et au transport du son spatialisé. Nous avons tout d'abord défini les spécifications permettant de commander un positionnement de locuteurs dans une conférence audio spatialisée. Nous avons cherché à présenter toutes les solutions possibles pour les gestions automatique ou manuelle. Dans le cas de la spatialisation sur un pont de conférence, nous avons ainsi souligné le fait que cette gestion ne pouvait se faire par l'intermédiaire du protocole SIP, car ce n'est pas le rôle de ce dernier de transporter dans ses messages des informations sur les contenus ou des commandes de spatialisation. Nous avons proposé une solution basée sur ce qui se fait dans les conférences audio standard : une solution de web-pilotage certes propriétaire à chaque fournisseur de services mais en cohérence avec la gestion des protocoles de Voix sur IP. Pour la conférence avec un pont mixeur, nous avons établi les paramètres du protocole de signalisation SIP nécessaires au transport de flux asymétriques tout en garantissant une interopérabilité avec les terminaux existants. La nécessité de transporter ces flux asymétriques est due à notre hypothèse de départ concernant l'équipement des terminaux : prise de son monophonique et restitution sur casque ou deux haut-parleurs. Notre troisième contribution s'exprime au travers d'une campagne de tests pour valider nos solutions en termes de qualité audio et de qualité de spatialisation. Ces tests nous ont amené à définir des nouveaux protocoles adaptés à ces architectures audio spatialisées. Nous justifions dans un premier temps nos choix de codeurs et dans un second temps nos choix de tests. Nous avons montré dans un premier temps que les codeurs n'étaient pas perçus de la même façon suivant que l'on écoute en écoute monaurale ou en écoute diotique. Il ressort de ces tests que les codeurs G.711 (PCM) et G.722 (ADPCM) sont les plus adaptés à la conférence audio centralisée avec une qualité jugée nettement supérieure aux codeurs CELP. Ces deux codeurs sont de plus de faible complexité, robustes au transcodage, à la perte de trames, au transport de contenu binaural et au transport de contenus multi-locuteur. Quant aux codeurs CELP, ils sont à utiliser uniquement lorsque les contraintes de débit sont fortes. Concernant la conférence audio distribuée wideband, les codeurs AMR-WB à 23.85 kbits/s, G.729.1 à 32 kbits/s et G.722 à 64 kbits/s semblent les plus adaptés quelle que soit la perte de trames. Ils ont une qualité jugée équivalente. En narrowband, les codeurs G.711, AMR à 12.2 kbits/s et G.729.1 à 12 kbits/s obtiennent les meilleures notes de qualité, quelle que soit la perte de trames. Au final, dans tous les cas distribués, le choix du codeur dépendra des contraintes de l'application suivant un compromis complexité/débit.

This thesis is devoted to reveal the negative regulators in IGF-1 (Insulin like growth factor 1) stimulated growth of a human breast adenocarcinoma cell line. It is a well established fact that increased circulating levels of IGF-1 correlate with increased risk of breast cancer. IGF-1 activation of its receptor, IGF-1R, is implicated in the progression of breast cancer, where IGF-1 stimulation leads to proliferative and anti-apoptotic responses by stimulating MAPK Erk and PI3K, respectively. In this study, IGF-1 stimulated MCF-7 cells proliferated more in the absence of MAPK JNK, implicating the involvement of MAPK JNK in the negative regulation of IGF-1 stimulated cell growth. In this research study, we show for the first time that IGF-1 stimulation of breast cancer cells induces SHP-1-expression by activating JNK, which in turn, activates RFX-1 and AP-4 transcription factors to allow them to bind to the high-expression region of the SHP-1 P-1 promoter in breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cells. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

Le marché des radiocommunications de proximité évolue entre autres vers des applications soit à très basse consommation, soit à très haut débit. Bénéficiant d'une largeur de bande instantanée au moins cent fois plus grande que celle des systèmes large bande actuels, la technologie ultra large bande (ULB) se positionne naturellement sur ces deux créneaux. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'améliorer la compréhension et la performance des antennes ULB fonctionnant sur plusieurs gigahertz tout en répondant aux contraintes spécifiques des applications grand public. Dans un premier temps, la réduction de l'encombrement et du coût des antennes est le point de mire du travail de conception. Cependant ces réductions vont en général de pair avec une dégradation des performances qu'il faut pouvoir quantifier. Pour caractériser la performance de l'antenne sur une telle bande, les outils usuels (gain, phase) dans le domaine fréquentiel sont peu adaptés. Particulièrement pertinent pour le mode impulsionnel, des descripteurs temporels sont donc introduits. Entre autres, la distorsion de la forme d'onde rayonnée par l'antenne est étudiée. Elle permet d'analyser et de quantifier l'influence sur la qualité de la liaison, d'un comportement d'antenne variant en fonction de la fréquence. Dans un second temps, la distorsion qu'apporte l'antenne est mise en regard de celle apportée par les autres éléments de la chaîne de communication. Des campagnes de mesures du canal de propagation et de l'impact de l'intégration sur un terminal multimédia ont été réalisées.

Goal of this thesis is to describe the warehouse management systems with focus on the engineering solution, software development and innovation. The evolution of warehouse management systems is very similar to that of many other software solutions. Initially a system to control movement and storage of materials within a warehouse, the role of WMS is expanding to including light manufacturing, transportation management, order management, and complete accounting systems. General point of view of this thesis is suggest the method how to implement modular (standard) solution on the premises. Project is specialized on PDA terminals and wireless access points settings. Introductory chapter of thesis offer extensive background, which reach out reader with system SAP and logistics processes. Practical part of project can divided to two parts. First one analyze software and develop system in cooperation with supplier and ITC department of ABB corporation. Follow part describe reports and dynamic programmes in programming language ABAP with a view to adoption architecture of system SAP. In fine author intend about future development of modern technology in ABB corporation and potential development of object identification method.

Fungal diseases of trees are serious impediments to forest expansion and productivity. While the adverse effects of diseases of non-native plantation forest trees are increasingly recognized in Africa, the health of native trees has been virtually ignored. This is especially acute as many commercially propagated trees are related to native woody plants and recurrent movement of pathogens between native and non-native trees is increasingly being recorded. The genus Terminalia accommodates important indigenous tree species in Africa that provide a variety of valuable wood and non-wood products. Despite the importance of Terminalia spp., very little information has been recorded on their health problems. Research for this dissertation aimed at studying some of the fungal diseases of native and non-native Terminalia species in Africa. Special reference was provided to fungi in the Botryosphaeriaceae, a group of pathogens that infect host plants without always producing clear symptoms. A literature review, presented in Chapter One, highlighted the limited information available on the pathogens and pests associated with these trees. Most disease reports include minimal detail. Often the causal agents had been identified based only on morphology and were not classified to the species level. Studies performed in chapter two compared the assemblages of endophytic species of the Botryosphaeriaceae from T. catappa in Cameroon, South Africa and Madagascar. Five species were identified and two of these are new to science and provided with the names N. batangarum and L. mahajangana. The assemblage of the Botryosphaeriaceae varied from one country to another, however, colonization patterns in the three areas were similar. Greenhouse inoculation trials performed on young T. catappa trees showed variation among isolates tested, with L. pseudotheobromae being the most pathogenic. Chapter three represents the first investigation of the Botryosphaeriaceae on native Terminalia trees in Cameroon and Africa. Morphological and DNA sequence data were used to identify these species as L. theobromae, L. pseudotheobromae, L. parva and E. endophytica. Pathogenicity trials performed on young T. mantaly and T. catappa trees revealed that L. pseudotheobromae was the most virulent species. In chapter four, species of Botryosphaeriaceae on native Terminalia spp. in Southern Africa were studied. Nine species were identified from T. sericea and T. sambesiaca. Seven of these, L. crassispora, L. pseudotheobromae, D. alatafructa, P. olivaceum, N. parvum, N. kwambonambiense and N. vitifusiforme represented previously described species and two, L. cryptotheobromae and N. terminaliae, were described as new. The genetic analyses of populations of L. theobromae and L. pseudotheobromae presented in chapter five showed clear genetic divergence between L. theobromae and L. pseudotheobromae supporting their distinction as separate species. Both L. theobromae and L. pseudotheobromae populations possessed high gene diversity, moderate degrees of genotypic diversity, and high levels of gene flow between isolates from T. cacao and Terminalia spp. Both sexual and asexual modes of reproduction were found. The last chapter of this dissertation presents the description of a new genus in the Cryphonectriaceae, Aurifilum marmelostoma, using a combination of molecular and morphological tools. This fungus is the second genus in this family described from Terminalia spp. Pathogenicity tests conducted to assess its ability to cause disease revealed that the fungus is a possible pathogen of this tree. An extensive number of potentially pathogenic fungi, including five new species were found associated with native and non-native Terminalia spp. in Africa. As some of these fungal species could serve as sources of inoculum onto economically important crops, research presented in this dissertation provides a foundation for understanding health issues affecting Terminalia and related genera in selected regions in Africa. Hopefully, results of this study will serve as valuable tools in forestry management in Africa. Copyright
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Plant Production and Soil Science
Unrestricted

碩士
國立交通大學
資訊科學與工程研究所
94
With rapid development of widespread multi-function mobile devices and a variety of real-time services, seamless terminal mobility support becomes the most significant requirement in mobility management. Based on Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) over Wireless LAN, there exist two critical issues from the perspective of interdomain handoff, including packet loss and call failure, greatly diminishing the quality of service. These issues arise from Mid-Call Mobility Problem, Home Registrar Failure Restoration Problem, and Pre-Call Mobility Problem, respectively. In this article, we propose a systematic mobility scheme, “STAMP”, to achieve not only fast handoff but also smooth handoff, by means of extracted knowledge from mobile user behavior mining. The moving pattern here is endowed with the nature of IP network as an assistant to forward packets timely to the right place. Through 4 phases composed of 7 modules, each of the three problems is solved adaptively via an exclusive path in “STAMP” with effective and efficient sequential pattern mining processes. Above all, we enhance the quality of real-time SIP services. We also analytically compare the delay and disruption time for signaling associated with Shadow Registration and our solution.

碩士
國立交通大學
資訊科學與工程研究所
94
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) supports application layer mobility. In this thesis, we will investigate SIP-based mobility across IPv4 and IPv6 networks. The architecture designs based on two SIP libraries for SIP terminal mobility are described, and the performance of SIP User Agents are measured from empirical experiments in IPv4-only, IPv6-only and IPv4/IPv6 networks. The results show that SIP terminal mobility across IPv4 and IPv6 networks can be efficiently supported.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
森林環境暨資源學研究所
103
The main purpose of this study was to measure the seasonal change of sap flow on the transpiration rate in two tree species (Terminalia catappa and Pterocarpus indicus) at Wanlong Farm in Pingtung. Nowadays, sap flow measurement could be the robust technique for measuring the transpiration of individual tree-scale. However, previous studies reported that significant spatial variations in sap flow within-tree would increase the difficulties to estimate the transpiration of individual tree. This study was conducted from September of 2013 to August of 2014, in order to (1) clarify the main factor which effect sap flow velocity (V), (2) examine the azimuthal variations in sap flow, and (3) determine the impact of azimuthal variation on the tree-scale transpiration estimations (ET). The average annual rate of sap flow in T. catappa (4.77 cm h-1) and P. indicus (4.81 cm h-1) were similar, and there is a significant seasonal variation. For both species, V was faster in wet season (May to September). Soil moisture content during the dry season was lower than that in the wet season. We inferred that soil moisture was the most important limiting environmental factor of T. catappa and P. indicus transpiration while the soil water content is below 15% and 13%. The two species differ in transpiration characteristic, P. indicus V was faster than the T. catappa from July to November; T. catappa V was faster than P. indicus from February to April. Among the environmental factors the saturated vapor pressure difference is the most important factor which affects the daily sap flow variation of the two species, followed by net radiation and temperature, while soil moisture content and wind speed play only a slight significant role. In addition to environmental factors, variety of LAI between two species is an important factor of V. There was no clear pattern in the direction in which the lowest and highest V occurred in all individuals. The coefficient of variation (CV) of the sap flow velocities measured at four directions ranged from 15% to 19% (mean=16.6%) in T. catappa, while in P. indicus ranged from 10% to 30% (mean=19.5%). The experimental results showed that omitting azimuthal variations in V would effect the ET estimations by 17.3% in T. catappa, and 15.7% in P. indicus. The sample size of sap flow velocity probe which estimated the evapotranspiration increased from 1 to 2 and 3 would decrease the errors to 6.4% and 5.1%, respectively in T. catappa, and 7%, 3.5%, respectively in P. indicus. Thus, the most suitable numbers of sap flow velocity probe would vary between different species.

碩士
國立成功大學
電腦與通信工程研究所
95
Mobile hosts may change addresses to connect to networks when experiencing communication handoffs. The address change incurs problems of locating mobile hosts and communication discontinuity. Against the problems resulting from the address change in communication handoffs, we propose the SIP-based Mobility Scheme (SMS) in this thesis. The SMS utilizes SIP to locate mobile hosts and maintain their communication continuity after handoffs, no matter whether the mobile hosts move simultaneously or not. The SMS makes applications work without any modification when mobile hosts roam through networks. Besides, the SMS hardly incurs communication overheads according to the results of the experiments in this thesis.

Thesis (MTech. degree in Architecture Applied Design)--Tshwane University of Technology, 2008
The need for upgrading Lanseria International Airport is becoming increasingly important; not only to lighten the load of the overflowing OR Tambo International Airport, but also to establish a viable alternative commercial airport facility for the Gauteng region. This study was started by analysing the most recent statistical data relevant to the context of the project, augmented by the studying of three diverse international precedents. These revealed and highlighted the major design challenges inherent in designing a new terminal servicing both domestic and international air traffic. The process of sizing accurately, and planning and designing this facility appropriately, resulted in uncovering a proliferation of related architectural issues to be researched as generators for the design of this specific building typology.

M. Tech. Business Administration
Technology has become an integral part of the marketplace and customers are increasingly given the option or are being driven to access services by themselves through the use of Self-Service Terminal. The purposes of this study is to investigate factors that influences customer perceptions and associated value of self-service terminals machines within the South African banking context and particular within the province of Gauteng, as well as understand the influences of demographic variables that lead to acceptance and usage of self-service terminals in Gauteng.

8 1 ABSTRACT (EN) This thesis is focused mainly on understanding mechanisms of regulatory roles of C-terminal Src kinase (CSK) and phosphoprotein associated with glycosphingolipid- enriched microdomains (PAG) in the high-affinity IgE receptor (FcɛRI)-mediated signaling of murine mast cells. FcɛRI activation is initiated by aggregation of the receptor by complexes of multivalent antigen with IgE, followed by activation and enhanced activities of protein tyrosine kinases, phosphatases, adaptor proteins and number of other signal transduction molecules. The signaling events result in mast cell degranulation and release of variety of proinflammatory mediators, responsible for initiation of allergy and other inflammatory diseases. Understanding the function of key regulatory molecules controlling FcεRI-mediated mast cell activation, degranulation, and cytokines production could have therapeutic impact. CSK is a major negative regulator of Src family tyrosine kinases (SFKs) that play a critical role in various immunoreceptor signaling events. However, its function in mast cell activation has not been completely understood. Because of its cytoplasmic localization, CSK was assumed to be brought to the vicinity of the plasma membrane- bound SFKs via binding to membrane-bound adaptors and PAG was a major candidate....