Tesi sul tema "Théorie de la Localisation"
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Ndiaye, Malick M. "Efficience sous contraintes et théorie de la localisation". Dijon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DIJOS034.
Testo completoBouda, Ahmed. "Localisation de la symétrie BRST en théorie des cordes". Bordeaux 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR10531.
Testo completoFiszka, Christophe. "Diffusion et localisation de l'opérateur de Schrödinger à potentiel quasi-périodique". Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC023.
Testo completoAndreoletti, Pierre [Clément]. "Localisation et concentration de la marche de Sinai". Aix-Marseille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX22061.
Testo completoBauguion, Pierre-Olivier. "Décomposition de multi-flots et localisation de caches dans les réseaux". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TELE0010.
Testo completoStreaming requirements on internet network are even more driven by new actors, new services and new digital contents. This leads to high probability of congestion, latency and therefore, a critical decrease of quality of service and/or experience for customers. An internet service provider (ISP) whose goal is to guarantee a first-class performance, needs to take measures to constantly enhance the fluidity of the traffic streaming on its network. One way to face the problem, is to build a Content Delivery Network (CDN). A CDN mainly consists in the deployment of different devices on an existing network. First of all, this thesis presents dynamic programming approaches to tackle server location problems in tree networks. Then, we address a variation of the matroïd intersection algorithm to solve the k-server/cache location problem. We start by giving the definition and characteristics of transparent-caching, as well as the hypothesis that we will use it to build models for transparent cache location in tree network. We tract it to a Mixed Integer Program, and formulate a new paradigm of dynamic programming. We show the relevance of such approach for our problem, and to what extent it can be tractable in other related problems. From a more theoretical point of view, we manage to measure the capacity of a network which is given by the optimal routing strategy, and hence, to identify its critical links. We deal with the Maximum Concurrent Flow (MCF), a classical combinatorial optimization problem. We propose new models and formulations to solve this problem exactly, and more general multi-flows problems as well. A heuristic is also given, to adapt the model to the specific instance values. We experiment these formulations to show the improvements they can provide. Finally, we describe the first strongly polynomial algorithm to solve the maximum concurrent flow to optimality, in the single source case. We show the efficiency of such an approach, even compared to the best models previously presented
Nassreddine, Ghalia. "Estimation d'état par la théorie des fonctions de croyance : application à la localisation routière". Compiègne, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009COMP1833.
Testo completoThis thesis focuses on state estimation with application to dynamic vehicle localization. We first present an evidential approach in which uncertainties are represented by Dempster-Shafer mass functions with interval focal elements. We then handle the case of multiple-model systems using belief functions for modeling the transitions between models. Finally, a map matching method based on belief functions and a guaranteed representation of roads is developed, in order to compute a more accurate estimation of the vehicle position. Experimental results on the vehicle localization problem demonstrate the effectiveness and good performances of the methods presented in this thesis
Neering, Jan. "Techniques d’optimisation et de prédiction dans le contexte de la localisation acoustique passive". Paris, ENMP, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00426732.
Testo completoThe performance of acoustic passive source localization based on a multiple sensor system does not only depend on the chosen estimation algorithms, but is also strongly correlated to the geometry of the sensor network and the position of the source. This thesis approaches the optimization of theestimation procedure, by utilizing an optimal sensor setup. In order to carry out this optimization procedure for a “quasi-static” source, three performance measures, the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB), the Geometric Dilution of Precision (GDOP) and the condition number, are addressed, compared and evaluated. While the two former describe the influence of measurement noise, with known probability density function, the latter is a non-statistical measure. Considering zero-mean Gaussian noise and a linearized model estimator, it is shown that all three approaches lead to the same configuration. The performance measures are extended for a moving source proposing two approaches. The first one is to represent the surveillance area by multiple representative points. In order to assure a good coverage of the zone the average performance measure of all these points is minimized. The second, a dynamic approach, models the source's movement using a state-space representation. Recursive Bayesian estimators, such as the Kalman filter for linear systems, predict the most likely upcoming position of the source. Utilizing an adaptive microphone network, only those microphones, which minimize the cost function for this predicted position, are then selected to carry out the estimation procedure
Bihler, Frank. "Régularité des anneaux dans les problèmes d'excision en K-théorie algébrique". Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077016.
Testo completoGhienne, Pierre. "Sur le genre de Mislin". Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2001/50376-2001-103.pdf.
Testo completoLiu, Jiangxin. "Etude numérique de la localisation des déformations en géotechnique dans le cadre de la théorie micropolaire". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ECDN0005/document.
Testo completoMost of the progressive failures of geotechnical structures are associated with the strain localization phenomenon, which is generally accompanied by strength softening. Many experimental observationsshow that significant rear rangements and rotations of particles occur inside the shear bands. The aim of this thesis is to investigate numerically the strain localization phenomena of granular materials. Considering the mesh dependency problems in finite element analysis caused by strains oftening within the classical continuum framework, a sand model based on critical-state has been formulated within the framework of the micropolar theory, taking into account the micro rotations, and implemented into a finite element code for two dimensional problems. Then, the simulations of the shearband in biaxial tests are comprehensively studied in terms of onset, thickness, orientation, etc. At the same time, the efficiency of the micropolar approach, as a regularization technique, is discussed. This is followed by an instability analysis using the second-order work based on the micropolar continuum theory. Finally, for a wider application in simulating failures in geotechnical engineering, the 2D model has been extended to 3D model. Based on the entire study, both the 2D and 3Dmodel demonstrate obvious regularization ability to relieve the mesh dependency problems and to reproduce reasonably the shear bands in geostructures
Bustamante, Gabriel. "Mouvement actif pour la localisation binaurale de sources sonores en robotique". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30211/document.
Testo completoThis work takes place within the field of sound source localization from a binaural sensor (consisting of two microphones placed on a diffusing element) endowed with mobility. An "active" three-phase localization scheme is considered: (a) estimation of spatial primitives by a short-term analysis of the audio stream; (B) audio-motor localizatio! n by assimilation of these data and combination with the! motor commands of the sensor within a stochastic estimation scheme; (C) closed-loop control of the movement of the sensor in order to improve the quality of the location. The research focuses on the definition of "active motion" strategies constituting phase (c). The problem is formulated as the maximization over a receding horizon of an information criterion defined from the filtering pdfs of the relative sensor-to-source position (more exactly of the maximization of its expectation on the N observations that will be assimilated on this horizon conditionally to the past observations). This horizon can consist of the next time instant or the next N time instants, what gives rise to a "one-step-ahead" or "N-step-ahead" strategy, respectively. An approximation of this criterion by using the unscented transform and the automatic calculation of its gradient by using the dual numbers allow the determination of the control (therefore, in closed loop on the audio) to be applied to the sensor. The results were validated by realistic simulations and, for some of them, by experiments on an anthropomorphic head-and-torso simulator endowed with binaural perception and mobility
Sarrazola, Alzate Andrés. "Localisation de représentations localement analytiques admissibles". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAD017/document.
Testo completoLet G be a split connected, reductive group scheme over the ring of integers of a finite extension of the field of p-adic numbers.. An important theorem in group theory is the localization theorem, demonstrated by A. Beilinson and J. Bernstein, and by J.L. Brylinsky and M. Kashiwara. This is a result about the D-affinity of the flag variety of the generic fiber of G). In mixed characteristic an important progress is found in the work of C. Huyghe and T. Schmidt. They give a partial answer by considering algebraic characters. The first four chapters of this thesis are dedicated to extending this correspondence (the arithmetic localization theorem) for arbitrary characters. In chapters five and six, we will treat the principal objective of this thesis, which concerns admissible locally analytic representations. We will show that for an algebraic character, which is dominant and regular, the category of admissible locally analytic representations, with central character, it is equivalent to the category of coadmissible equivariant arithmetic modules over the family of formal models of the rigid flag variety
Florens, Serge. "Cohérence et localisation dans les systèmes d'électrons fortement corrélés". Paris 6, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005825.
Testo completoDADOUN, KARINE BEATRICE. "Modeles de localisation : "de l'equilibre strategique a la dynamique auto-organisee"". Paris, CNAM, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CNAM0388.
Testo completoZenou, Emmanuel. "Localisation topologique, amers visuels et treillis de Galois". Toulouse, ENSAE, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ESAE0020.
Testo completoSaidani, Nasreddine. "Localisation et conception de la qualité des établissements commerciaux dans un environnement concurrentiel". Troyes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TROY0005.
Testo completoThis thesis studies the competitive facility location and design problem. When a retail firm locates new facilities in an existing market, it will typically stimulate certain reactions of other firms offering the same goods. To maximize its profit by optimizing the location and quality design of the new facilities, the entering firm must anticipate the reactions of the facilities already present in the market. We propose a two-stage approach to solve the problem, which takes into account the reactions of the existing facilities. The approach combines games theory techniques to determine the best qualities of all facilities with operational re-search methods to seek the best locations of the new facilities. The two-stage approach is first applied to the location and design of a single facility on the plane, where the location of the facility is determined by a branch and bound algorithm using intervals, whereas its quality is determined based on the Nash equilibrium of the corresponding quality game. The approach is then generalized and applied to the location of multiple facilities, with two meta-heuristics proposed for the location decision. One is a particle swarm optimization algorithm and the other is a genetic algorithm. Finally, this approach is adapted to the location and quality design of multiple facilities on a discrete space, where a branch and bound algorithm and a genetic algorithm are proposed for the location design. Numerical experiments on randomly generated instances show the effectiveness of the proposed approach and algorithms
Costoya-Ramos, Maria Cristina. "Catégorie de Lusternik-Schnirelmann et genre de Mislin". Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-7.pdf.
Testo completoCeleste, Francis. "Cartes incertaines et planification optimale pour la localisation d'un engin autonome". Phd thesis, Université Européenne de Bretagne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00483272.
Testo completoZair, Salim. "Détection de données aberrantes appliquée à la localisation GPS". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS313/document.
Testo completoIn this work, we focus on the problem of detection of erroneous GPS measurements. Indeed, in urban areas, acquisitions are highly degraded by multipath phenomena or signal multiple reflections before reaching the receiver antenna. In forest areas, the satellite occlusion reduces the measurements redundancy. While the algorithms embedded in GPS receivers detect at most one erroneous measurement per epoch, the hypothesis of a single error at a time is no longer realistic when we combine data from different navigation systems. The detection and management of erroneous data (faulty, aberrant or outliers depending on the different terminologies) has become a major issue in the autonomous navigation applications and robust localization and raises a new technological challenge.The main contribution of this work is an outlier detection algorithm for GNSS localization with an a contrario modeling. Two criteria based on number of false alarms (NFA) are used to measure the consistency of a set of measurements under the noise model assumption.Our second contribution is the introduction of Doppler measurements in the localization process. We extend the outlier detection to both pseudo-ranges and Doppler measurements, and we propose a coupling with either the particle filter SIR or the Rao-Blackwellized particle filter that allows us to estimate analytically the velocity.Our third contribution is an evidential approach for the detection of outliers in the pseudo-ranges. Inspired by the RANSAC, we choose among possible combinations of observations, the most compatible one according to a measure of consistency or inconsistency. An evidential filtering step is performed that takes into account the previous solution. The proposed approaches achieve better performance than standard methods and demonstrate the interest of removing the outliers from the localization process
Duchesne, Etienne. "La localisation en logique : géométrie de l'interaction et sémantique dénotationnelle". Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2009AIX22080.pdf.
Testo completoThis thesis deals with the existing links between two localized semantics of classical linear logic : indexed linear logic (LL(I)) of Bucciarelli and Ehrhard, and geometry of interaction (GoI) of Girard. First we introduce the localized relational semantics (RelLoc) in which exponentials are interpreted by nite families. We established a correspondance between families of elements of RelLoc and formulas of a variant of LL(I). The sequent calculus of this variant then represents the experiments for RelLoc. Next we dene the geometry of interaction for classical linear logic. Proofs are interpreted by sums of pairs made of a partial permutation interpreting an additive slice and a boolean identifying the slice. An operation of plunging enables to interpret the promotion. We detail the properties of this semantics, which is not an invariant of reduction. We can then establish a link between RelLoc and GoI, and make the partial permutations of GoI act on the elements of RelLoc. We proove that the ones invariant by the action of the GoI interpretation of a proof belongs to its interpretation in RelLoc
Öktem, Turgut Mustafa. "Localisation de Terminaux Mobiles par Exploitation d'Empreintes". Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00670218.
Testo completoEnnaime, Salah-Eddine. "Contribution à l'identification de structures mécaniques : localisation des défauts dominants et réanalyse ; estimation des forces extérieures". Besançon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BESA2034.
Testo completoGenest, Maxime. "Mesures de localisation et de dispersion et profondeur de Tukey en statistique directionnelle". Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27669/27669.pdf.
Testo completoMourad-Chehade, Farah. "Auto-localisation et suivi de cibles dans les réseaux de capteurs mobiles". Troyes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TROY0024.
Testo completoThis thesis addresses the problems of localization and target tracking in mobile sensor net-works. The resolution of these problems is per-formed in the interval framework, where un-certainties are represented by intervals. We first deal with the localization problem in perfect environments. We thus propose methods using connectivity measurements, with respect to anchors or non-anchor nodes. Two extended techniques are presented as well, using back-propagation or farther anchors. Other model-free approaches are then proposed. These techniques are more robust than connectivity-based ones since they perform a comparison of received signal strengths to define the observations. We then handle the localization problem in imperfect environments. We thus assume that the reliability of measurements is known. In the proposed method, the problem solution uses both the interval and the belief theories. We consider afterwards the target tracking problem in controlled mobility sensor networks. We thus present a mobility management strategy, aiming at optimizing the estimation of the position of the target. The proposed strategy relocates the sensors using a triangulation technique, followed by an ant colony optimization method
Ravanomanjato, Samiarilala. "Etude théorique et expérimentale de la faible localisation dans les gaz d'électrons bidimensionnels : application aux hétérojonctions GaAs-GaAlAs". Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20129.
Testo completoOhanessian, Gilles. "Étude théorique de la délocalisation électronique par la méthode Valence Bond". Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112218.
Testo completoFathallah, Mohamed. "Calcul et localisation de l'énergie d'une molécule : programmation informatique et applications en mécanique moléculaire, et essai de décomposition atomique en mécanique quantique". Aix-Marseille 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX30025.
Testo completoHalbwachs, Emmanuel. "Estimation à erreur bornée pour la génération d'hypothèses multiples de localisation d'un véhicule". Compiègne, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997COMP1021.
Testo completoMadiès, Thierry. "Concurrence fiscale, compétition entre collectivités locales et localisation des entreprises : modèles de jeux". Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010068.
Testo completoThe thesis deals with the effects of fiscal competition among local governments. The common, though not universal, view of tax competition is that localities set their business tax rates below the globally optimal rate to encourage capital formation in the localities. We provide empirical evidence of tax competition for the french local business tax (the "taxe professionnelle"). Next we use dynamic games from industrial organization to describe more generally competition between local governments and derive equilibrium subsidies. Empirical evidence relating to efficiency of these subsidies on firm location is provided from different audit office reports. We conclude with fiscal consolidation and leviathan problems
Bauguion, Pierre-Olivier. "Décomposition de multi-flots et localisation de caches dans les réseaux". Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TELE0010/document.
Testo completoStreaming requirements on internet network are even more driven by new actors, new services and new digital contents. This leads to high probability of congestion, latency and therefore, a critical decrease of quality of service and/or experience for customers. An internet service provider (ISP) whose goal is to guarantee a first-class performance, needs to take measures to constantly enhance the fluidity of the traffic streaming on its network. One way to face the problem, is to build a Content Delivery Network (CDN). A CDN mainly consists in the deployment of different devices on an existing network. First of all, this thesis presents dynamic programming approaches to tackle server location problems in tree networks. Then, we address a variation of the matroïd intersection algorithm to solve the k-server/cache location problem. We start by giving the definition and characteristics of transparent-caching, as well as the hypothesis that we will use it to build models for transparent cache location in tree network. We tract it to a Mixed Integer Program, and formulate a new paradigm of dynamic programming. We show the relevance of such approach for our problem, and to what extent it can be tractable in other related problems. From a more theoretical point of view, we manage to measure the capacity of a network which is given by the optimal routing strategy, and hence, to identify its critical links. We deal with the Maximum Concurrent Flow (MCF), a classical combinatorial optimization problem. We propose new models and formulations to solve this problem exactly, and more general multi-flows problems as well. A heuristic is also given, to adapt the model to the specific instance values. We experiment these formulations to show the improvements they can provide. Finally, we describe the first strongly polynomial algorithm to solve the maximum concurrent flow to optimality, in the single source case. We show the efficiency of such an approach, even compared to the best models previously presented
Pétrélis, Nicolas. "Localisation d'un polymère en interaction avec une interface". Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00068229.
Testo completosolvants (huile-eau). Ces modèles
donnent tous lieu à une transition entre une phase localisée et une phase délocalisée. Nous prouvons tout d'abord
plusieurs résultats de convergence de modèles discrets vers leurs modèles continus associés. Ces convergences
ont lieu dans le cas d'un couplage faible (haute température) et concernent l'énergie libre d'une part, et la pente
de la courbe critique à l'origine d'autre part. Pour cela, nous développons une méthode de
coarse graining
introduite par Bolthausen et den Hollander que nous généralisons au cas d'un copolymère soumis à un potentiel
d'accrochage aléatoire le long de l'interface huile-eau.
Nous prouvons ensuite un résultat trajectoriel, dans le cas d'un
copolymère soumis, en l'une de ses extrémités, à une force qui le tire loin de l'interface.
Nous montrons, en particulier
qu'à l'intérieur de la phase localisée, le polymère ne touche l'interface qu'un nombre fini de fois.
Enfin, nous étudions le cas d'un homopolymère hydrophobe au voisinage d'une interface (huile-eau) et
soumis également
a un potentiel aléatoire lorsqu'il touche cette interface. Par une méthode consistant à adapter la loi de
chacune des
excusions en dehors de l'interface à son environnement aléatoire local, nous prenons en compte le fait que le polymère
peut viser les sites
où il vient toucher l'interface. Ceci permet d'améliorer de façon quantitative la borne inférieure de la courbe
critique du modèle quenched donnée jusqu'alors par la courbe critique du modèle à potentiel constant.
Caputo, Luca. "Sur la structure des noyaux sauvages étales des corps de nombres". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13780/document.
Testo completoThe aim of the present work is to prove some results about étale wild kernels. Let $p$ be an odd prime. Etale wild kernels of a number field $F$ (which are denoted $WK^{ét}_{2i}(F)$ for $i\in \mathbb{Z}$) are cohomological generalizations of the $p$-part of the classical wild kernel $WK_{2}(F)$, which is the subgroup of $K_2(F)$ made up by symbols which are trivial for any local Hilbert symbol. Etale wild kernels are $\mathbb{Z}_p$-modules which are known to be finite if $i\geq1$ (and even if $i=0$, depending on the chosen convention): actually they are conjectured to be always finite (the Schneider conjecture). In the following we will suppose that this is always the case. Two problems are studied in detail. The first, which is analyzed in Chapter 2 and Chapter 3, is to determine which group structures are realizable for étale wild kernels. In other words, given a number field $F$, a finite abelian $p$-group $X$ and $i\in \mathbb{Z}$, one can ask if there exists a finite extension $E/F$ such that $WK^{ét}_{2i}(E)\cong X$. A similar problem has been studied for $p$-class groups and there are precise relations between the $p$-class group and étale wild kernels. Therefore one may expect to translate results from $p$-class groups to étale wild kernels. It is maybe useful to give here a short account on the classical realizability problem for $p$-class groups. Essentially two kind of techniques are used. On the one hand, for a fixed number field $F$, one studies the Hilbert $p$-class field tower of $F$: it has been shown by Yahagi that the Hilbert $p$-class tower of $F$ is infinite if and only if there is no finite extension $E/F$ whose $p$-class group is trivial. Furthermore, if the Hilbert $p$-class tower of $F$ is finite, then every finite abelian $p$-group structure appears as $p$-class group of some finite extension $E/F$. On the other hand, once we know that for a fixed number field $F$ there exists a finite extension whose $p$-class group is trivial, then class field theory and genus theory are used to exhibit, for any finite abelian $p$-group $X$, a finite extension $E/F$ such that the $p$-class group of $E$ is isomorphic to $X$. Actually, the translation of Yahagi's result in terms of étale wild kernels is not immediate: the relation between the class groups and étale wild kernels of a number field $F$ is expressed in terms of $\Gamma$-modules structures, where $\Gamma$ is the Galois group over $F$ of the cyclotomic $\mathbb{Z}_p$-extension of $F(\mu_p)$. The most natural way to approach the problem is then to consider the realizability problem for Iwasawa modules. This problem is studied (among many others) by Ozaki: he proved that for any finite $\Lambda$-module $X$, there exists a number field $k$ such that the Iwasawa module of $k$ (i.e. the projective limit of $p$-class groups along the cyclotomic $\mathbb{Z}_p$-extension) is isomorphic to $X$. The techniques used are inspired to those by Yahagi and actually Ozaki makes fundamental use of the fact that $p$ does not divide the class number of $\mathbb{Q}$. To get the translation of this result in terms of étale wild kernels one has to consider $\mathbb{Q}(\mu_p)$ -more precisely a suitable subfield of $\mathbb{Q}(\mu_p)$ depending on $i$- instead of $\mathbb{Q}$. Here the problem is that the class number of this suitable subfield is no more coprime with $p$ (as $p$ may be irregular). If this is not the case anyway, the proof of Ozaki can be adapted as it is shown in Chapter 2
Crochepeyre, Stéphane. "Contribution à la modélisation numérique et théorique de la localisation et de la post-localisation dans les géomatériaux". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10023.
Testo completoPagé, Vincent. "Développement et caractérisation de méthodes statistiques de détection et de localisation d'objets dans des images fortement bruitées". Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX30051.
Testo completoThe object of this thesis is to caracterise and improve the existing methods for locating and detecting objects of known shapes and unknown greylevel distribution in noisy images. We use parametric image models that are different from the classic gaussian additive noise and more adapted to realistic situations. From these models, we determine some detection algorithms based on the Generalised Likelihood Test (GLRT) that optimize the probability of detection for a given fase alarm ratio. These algorithms use a test window to scan the image. We analyse the influence of the size of this test window as a compromise between the quality of estimation of the parameters of the model and the robustness to the inhomogeneities of the background. We then generalise this approach to the case of unknown size, by estimating the size of the target
Vaquez, Philippe. "Localisation de la rupture à l'aide des splines en plasticité parfaite". Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112379.
Testo completoThis study presents the behaviour of Brevibacterium linens in a fermentor on a L-lactate and casamino acids medium. The first part consists of an experimental design used to point out the effect of 3 factors: the pH (7,5-8,5), the temperature (20-30°C) and the dissolved oxygen concentration (40-60% of the saturation), both of them controlled during the culture, on growth and metabolism parameters at different times: lag time, end of exponential growth, end of the falling back of growth and final time. The values of these times, the absorbance (D. O. ) of the culture, the concentration of lactate and amino acids, and produced ammonia at these times were analysed. The value of generation time was deduced from graphical response. The logistic law was used to improve growth data precision, and the following parameters were deduced: time to reach 2. 5, 35, and 80% of the maximal O. D. , value of this maximum, maximal and mean growth rate. Data obtained from the pH and dissolved oxygen controls at the same typical times were also analysed. The most important results were obtained from the variance analysis on the overall experimental conditions and on the generation time parameter: they showed an important quadratic effect of oxygen, an important interaction between the 3 factors, and positive effects. The generation time decreased between 40% and 50% of dissolved oxygen and increased beyond this level. The other parameters were less explained, but it appeared that the value of maximal growth is factors independent. The substrate consumption pointed out no factor effect, with the obtained precision, except a linear, quadratic and cubic effect of dissolved oxygen: tested at the levels 40 and 60%, this factor leads to incomplete substrate consumption, compared with the level 45-55%. But, is the maximal growth achieved in the case of these cultures? B. Linens produced ammonia which is absorbed with the amino acids, this fact pointed out by linear regressions statistically significant. A preferential consumption of a few amino acids (arginine, tyrosine and phenylalanine) has been detected, as ornithine production in some circumstances. His aroma production activities were pointed out qualitatively by sniffing. The freeze dryed suspension showed longer lag periods, and a greater oxygen consumption. The volumes of acid or alkali used to maintain the pH seemed to be more dependent on growth than on culture conditions. Some additional experiments presented in part 2, with mediums of different substrate concentrations showed that: - lactate is not limitant – some amino acids absorbed may be limitant, and decrease in growth rate may be explained by their removing – the low growth yields found in case of high lactate concentration medium may be explained by maintenances effects. Modelisation of biomass production and substrate consumption was tested, but the medium complexity prevented to do it
Xeridat, Olivier. "Étude expérimentale de la propagation, de la diffusion et de la localisation des ondes de Lamb". Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE4072.
Testo completoLes ondes élastiques qui se propagent dans les plaques minces constituent un outil performant pour l'étude de la propagation et de la diffusion des ondes en milieux complexes. Elles permettent d’élaborer des dispositifs expérimentaux de taille macroscopique, large bande et non invasifs lorsque la génération et la détection des ultrasons sont effectuées par laser. L’outil expérimental développé dans le cadre de cette thèse permet d’une part l’accès direct à la dynamique temporelle du champ de vibration normale des ondes de Lamb et d’autre part de dresser les cartographies spatiales d'amplitude et de phase des modes propres par traitement numérique. Les milieux complexes étudiés sont de deux types : les milieux homogènes chaotiques et les milieux hétérogènes diffusants. Pour les premiers, on s’intéresse aux effets de l’ouverture du système fermé vers l’extérieur sur les caractéristiques spectrales et spatiales des modes. Pour ce faire, une série d’expériences est réalisée à la surface d’un wafer de silicium de forme chaotique avec un taux de pertes locales variable. Une seconde étude a trait au problème complexe de la diffusion des ondes de Lamb par un trou non traversant : le trou « borgne ». Ses caractéristiques de résonateur basse fréquence permettent de disposer d’un grand nombre de diffuseurs efficaces dans un volume réduit. Dans de tels milieux désordonnés, les interférences entre les ondes multiplement diffusées peuvent bloquer la propagation des ondes : c’est le phénomène de "localisation d’Anderson" qui fait l’objet de la dernière partie de ce travail. On y décrit l’élaboration puis l’analyse d’un milieu localisant constitué d’une plaque de silicium contenant une collection aléatoire de trous borgnes
Fleury, Geneviève. "Effet de l'interaction Coulombienne sur la localisation d'Anderson dans le gaz bidimensionnel d'électrons". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00516820.
Testo completoRouy, Sandra. "Modélisation mathématique et numérique d'écoulements diphasiques compressibles : application au cas industriel d'un générateur de gaz". Toulon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOUL0004.
Testo completoAhriz, Iness. "Application des techniques d'apprentissage à la géolocalisation par radio fingerprint". Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066355.
Testo completoMpe, A. Guilikeng Albert. "Un système de prédiction/vérification pour la localisation d'objets tridimentionnels". Compiègne, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990COMPD286.
Testo completoTouil, Khalid. "Contribution de la fusion multi-capteurs par approche probabiliste et de croyance pour la localisation". Littoral, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009DUNK0257.
Testo completoThe work presented in this thesis, is focused on the contribution of multisensor fusion by probabilistic and belief approaches for localization. In fact, two problems of multisensor fusion for improving the navigation of land vehicles in dense urban environment have been addressed. As a first step, we proposed a new solution for the integration of navigation systems : GPS and inertial (INS). The reason for the integration is to exploit the advantages of each system used. This solution is based on new nonlinear and nonparametric filters. In a second step, two solutions based on the transferable belief model (TBM) have been proposed to resolve the divergence of the filter in case where these sensors are potentially failing. The first is to introduce an annex sensor in characteristics are known (digital map). The exploitation of digital map information is made by a correlation between the position of the vehicle and the geometric elements representing the roads on the map known as map-matching. A new algorithm for map-matching based on the TBM has been proposed to identify the most credible road that the vehicule is to be suciptible. The second is to propose an algorithm of information fusion to take into account the context. This incorporation allows to select at any time that the relevant measures and to reduce the importance or simply to exclude measures that could disrupt information
Guillo, Pierre-Alain. "Le développement spatial d'un réseau d'enseigne : une application de la théorie de la percolation dans le commerce associé discompte". Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN1G014.
Testo completoDuring the development stages of a sales outlet network, distributors put growth at the top of their priority list. Ground must be won and opportunities seized, preferably before the competitors get there. During the mature stage, growth slows down and necessitates that achievements be consolidated. In order to avoid a complex organisation costly to run, it is essential to aim for a cohesive approach so as to rationalise functioning procedures in the network thus developed. This objective can be achieved by the reticulation of sales outlets which generates creativity and innovation due to the increase of connections. However, many spatial strategies exist and geographical installation of shops in a area need not necessarily imply even distribution. Consequently, problems may arise in terms of the transmission of signals. Or the diffusion theory assumes that spatial homogeneity applies in this case. This model does not however take account of the imperfect area in which the network is set up and offers no suggestion as to why the process sometimes comes to a standstill. Percolation theory provides an interesting alternative perspective with which to address this phenomenon in a random environment
Hanus, Jean-Luc. "Contribution à l'étude de la localisation des déformations dans des matériaux et structures élasto-(visco)-non-linéaires". Poitiers, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999POIT2336.
Testo completoEl-Hassan, Assoum Nada. "Modélisation théorique et numérique de la localisation de la déformation dans les géomatériaux". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10112.
Testo completoDevys, Oscar. "Localisation spectrale à l'aide des polynômes de Faber et équation de cobord". Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10008/document.
Testo completoThis is a thesis in functional analysis and operator theory. We consider a bounded linear operator in a Banach space. In the first part, we give some conditions to ensure that the spectrum of this operator is included in a domain delimited by a Jordan curve. We use for this purpose a tool from complex analysis, the Faber polynomials. The second part is dedicated to the coboundary equation and the existence of solutions of this equation depending on the operator, this problem is dealt with an ergodic point of view
Karamanov, Nasko. "A propos de la cohomologie du deuxième groupe stabilisateur de Morava : Application aux calculs de π* (Lk(2)V(0)) et du groupe Pic2 de Hopkins". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/KARAMANOV_Nasko_2006.pdf.
Testo completoKaddour, Mahmoud. "Contribution à la surveillance et au contrôle de l'intégrité d'un système de localisation GNSS". Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10126/document.
Testo completoThe current decade has marked the irresistible and irreversible arrival of the GNSS systems in society by making it accessible and essential to many users. Improved performance and reliability of GNSS systems is among the factors that contribute to the exponential development of the field of GNSS applications and services. This improvement is based on the use of estimation methods of geo-positioning which ensures a very high level of integrity. For this, these methods must incorporate a layer of well-developed autonomous integrity monitoring. In this work, we propose approaches for autonomous integrity monitoring of position estimation using GNSS measurements. We have chosen to develop approaches based on an informational formalism: Informational filter on the one hand and tools of the information theory of the other. Residuals based on mutual information are developed. With an appropriate thresholding, these residuals can detect and exclude GNSS erroneous measurements. In this context, other ideas were also developed in order to robustify the developed methods as the projection of GNSS observations in the information space and the development of optimization function in order to ameliorate the prediction of a filter. The proposed methods are tested and validated with real data acquired with an experimental vehicle with several open GNSS systems
Triki, Mahdi. "Quelques contributions au traitement statistique du signal et applications au débruitage audio et à la localisation des mobiles". Paris, ENST, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENST0027.
Testo completoA random or stochastic process is a mathematical model for a phenomenon that evolves in an unpredictable manner. If prior information on the signal structure or statistics is available, the accuracy of the statistical signal processing significantly increases by an appropriate exploitation of such prior. We investigate three kinds of prior: spectral, spatial, and statistical information. First, we investigate the structural representation of audio signals. The proposed model exploits both the sparsity and the time-frequency correlation of the audio signal. We have considered the application of our model to audio enhancement and separation. Simulations reveal that the proposed approach is suitable for the analysis of music and speech signals and outperforms the classic matching pursuit schemes in terms of separation accuracy and robustness. Then, we investigate blind dereverberation of audio signals. A multichannel linear prediction based equalizer is proposed, exploiting spatial, temporal, and spectral diversities. Simulations show that the proposed equalizer outperforms the classic beamformer. The last part of the thesis focuses on Bayesian parameter estimation. Classical Bayesian approaches lead to useful MSE reduction, but they also introduce a bias (often annoying for several applications). We introduce the concept of Component-Wise Conditionally Unbiased parameter estimation, in which unbiasedness is forced for one parameter at a time. The more general introduction of the CWCU concept is motivated by LMMSE channel estimation, for which the implications of the concept are illustrated in various ways. Application to mobile localization is investigated in more details
Willot, François. "Contribution à l'étude théorique de la localisation plastique dans les poreux". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00134643.
Testo completoSeye, Alioune. "Localization in the quantum Hall effect : a magnetic localization approach". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IPPAX149.
Testo completoThis thesis explores the localization properties of solutions to the disordered potential magnetic Schrödinger eigenvalue problem, modeling the quantum Hall effect (QHE) in the single-particle framework. Focusing on the first Landau level, we compare numerically computed eigenstates to predictions derived from the Magnetic Localization Landscape (MLL).Localization plays a pivotal role in the Integer Quantum Hall Effect (IQHE), where strong magnetic fields enable semiclassical simplifications for estimating energy and current, providing insight into plateau transitions. However, our understanding of localization beyond the large magnetic field regime remains incomplete. To address this, we introduce the localization landscape (LL) theory and its magnetic extension, the MLL, which incorporates magnetic effects into the deterministic framework of the LL, enabling a new perspective on localization in disordered magnetic systems.Using a gauge-invariant finite element method, we solve the magnetic Schrödinger eigenvalue problem numerically and analyze the localization properties of the eigenstates. The MLL offers an effective potential that can be interpreted semiclassically in regimes where magnetic intensity and disorder strength are comparable. Eigenstates localize on the wells and hills of this effective potential, with their energies closely matching the effective potential values at points of maximal probability density. Moreover, the MLL-based Agmon distance provides a reliable estimate of the exponential decay for low-energy eigenstates.Our findings suggest that the MLL effectively describes the potential seen by the center of orbit associated to eigenstates, offering a simplified yet insightful model to describe localization of such magnetic disordered systems