Articoli di riviste: "Tomato peel extract"

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Alaa, Almasri, Azizieh Abdulhakim e Tlay Rawaa. "Potato and tomato peel extract – A natural antioxidant for retarding lipid peroxidation in lamb meat (Awassi) refrigerator storage". Journal of Food, Nutrition and Agriculture 2, n. 1 (22 aprile 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21839/jfna.2019.v2i1.179.

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This work examined the utilization of potato and tomato peels, as antioxidants natural source for retarding lipid oxidation in slices of lamb meat (Awassi). Meat slices treated with potato peel extract (PPE) and tomato peel extract (TPE) in two different concentrations (0.1%, 0.5%). Then, lipid peroxidation and pH was determined in samples at three different periods with 5 days. We found low levels of peroxide value in samples due to treatment with natural antioxidants. Potato peel extracts were less effective than tomato peel extracts due to lower phenolic content 96.66 mg of Gallic acid /100 g in potato peel extract vs 130.53 mg of Gallic acid /100 g. We suggest using tomato peel extract for retarding lipid peroxidation in chilled storage of lamb meat.

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Mostafa, Yasser S., Saad A. Alamri, Sulaiman A. Alrumman, Mohamed Hashem e Zakaria A. Baka. "Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Pomegranate and Orange Peel Extracts and Their Antifungal Activity against Alternaria solani, the Causal Agent of Early Blight Disease of Tomato". Plants 10, n. 11 (2 novembre 2021): 2363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10112363.

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This study aimed to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by pomegranate and orange peel extracts using a low concentration of AgNO3 solution to controlearly blight of tomato caused by Alternaria solani. The pathogen was isolated from infected tomato plants growing in different areas of Saudi Arabia. The isolates of this pathogen were morphologically and molecularly identified. Extracts from peels of pomegranate and orange fruits effectively developed a simple, quick, eco-friendly and economical method through a synthesis of AgNPs as antifungal agents against A. solani. Phenolic content in the pomegranate peel extract was greater than orange peel extract. Phenolic compounds showed a variation of both peel extracts as identified and quantified by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. The phenolic composition displayed variability as the pomegranate peel extract exhibited an exorbitant amount of Quercitrin (23.62 mg/g DW), while orange peel extract recorded a high amount of Chlorogenic acid (5.92 mg/g DW). Biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized using UV- visible spectroscopy which recorded an average wavelength of 437 nm and 450 nm for pomegranate and orange peels, respectively. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy exhibited 32x73.24, 2223.71, 2047.29 and 1972.46 cm−1, and 3260.70, 1634.62, 1376.62 and 1243.76 cm−1 for pomegranate and orange peels, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy showed spherical shape of nanoparticles. Zetasizer analysis presented negative charge values; −16.9 and −19.5 mV with average particle sizes 8 and 14 nm fin case of pomegranate and orange peels, respectively. In vitro, antifungal assay was done to estimate the possibility of biosynthesized AgNPs and crude extracts of fruit peels to reduce the mycelial growth of A. solani. AgNPs displayed more fungal mycelial inhibition than crude extracts of two peels and AgNO3. We recommend the use of AgNPs synthesized from fruit peels for controlling fungal plant pathogens and may be applied broadly and safely in place by using the chemical fungicides, which display high toxicity for humans.

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Cesare, Maria Michela, Francesca Felice, Veronica Conti, Luca Cerri, Ylenia Zambito, Marco Romi, Giampiero Cai, Claudio Cantini e Rossella Di Stefano. "Impact of Peels Extracts from an Italian Ancient Tomato Variety Grown under Drought Stress Conditions on Vascular Related Dysfunction". Molecules 26, n. 14 (15 luglio 2021): 4289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26144289.

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Background: Tomato by-products contain a great variety of biologically active substances and represent a significant source of natural antioxidant supplements of the human diet. The aim of the work was to compare the antioxidant properties of a by-product from an ancient Tuscan tomato variety, Rosso di Pitigliano (RED), obtained by growing plants in normal conditions (-Ctr) or in drought stress conditions (-Ds) for their beneficial effects on vascular related dysfunction. Methods: The antioxidant activity and total polyphenol content (TPC) were measured. The identification of bioactive compounds of tomato peel was performed by HPLC. HUVEC were pre-treated with different TPC of RED-Ctr or RED-Ds, then stressed with H2O2. Cell viability, ROS production and CAT, SOD and GPx activities were evaluated. Permeation of antioxidant molecules contained in RED across excised rat intestine was also studied. Results: RED-Ds tomato peel extract possessed higher TPC than compared to RED-Ctr (361.32 ± 7.204 mg vs. 152.46 ± 1.568 mg GAE/100 g fresh weight). All extracts were non-cytotoxic. Two hour pre-treatment with 5 µg GAE/mL from RED-Ctr or RED-Ds showed protection from H2O2-induced oxidative stress and significantly reduced ROS production raising SOD and CAT activity (* p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.005 vs. H2O2, respectively). The permeation of antioxidant molecules contained in RED-Ctr or RED-Ds across excised rat intestine was high with non-significant difference between the two RED types (41.9 ± 9.6% vs. 26.6 ± 7.8%). Conclusions: RED-Ds tomato peel extract represents a good source of bioactive molecules, which protects HUVECs from oxidative stress at low concentration.

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Miklavčič Višnjevec, Ana, Paul W. Baker, Kelly Peeters, Matthew Schwarzkopf, Dominik Krienke e Adam Charlton. "HPLC-DAD-qTOF Compositional Analysis of the Phenolic Compounds Present in Crude Tomato Protein Extracts Derived from Food Processing". Molecules 26, n. 21 (23 ottobre 2021): 6403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26216403.

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The conversion of raw fruits and vegetables, including tomatoes into processed food products creates side streams of residues that can place a burden on the environment. However, these processed residues are still rich in bioactive compounds and in an effort to valorize these materials in tomato by-product streams, the main aim of this study is to extract proteins and identify the main phenolic compounds present in tomato pomace (TP), peel and skins (TPS) by HPLC-DAD-ESI-QTOF. Forty different phenolic compounds were identified in the different tomato extracts, encompassing different groups of phenolic compounds, including derivatives of simple phenolic acid derivatives, hydroxycinnamoylquinic acid, flavones, flavonones, flavonol, and dihydrochalcone. In the crude protein extract (TPE) derived from tomatoes, most of these compounds were still present, confirming that valuable phenolic compounds were not degraded during food processing of these co-product streams. Moreover, phenolic compounds present in the tomato protein crude extract could provide a valuable contribution to the required daily intake of phenolics that are usually supplied by consuming fresh vegetables and fruits.

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Felice, Francesca, Maria Michela Cesare, Luca Fredianelli, Marinella De Leo, Veronica Conti, Alessandra Braca e Rossella Di Stefano. "Effect of Tomato Peel Extract Grown under Drought Stress Condition in a Sarcopenia Model". Molecules 27, n. 8 (15 aprile 2022): 2563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27082563.

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Tomatoes and their derivates represent an important source of natural biologically active components. The present study aims to investigate the protective effect of tomato peel extracts, grown in normal (RED-Ctr) or in drought stress (RED-Ds) conditions, on an experimental model of sarcopenia. The phenolic profile and total polyphenols content (TPC) of RED-Ctr and RED-Ds were determined by Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) analyses coupled to electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (ESI-HR-MS). Human skeletal muscle myoblasts (HSMM) were differentiated in myotubes, and sarcopenia was induced by dexamethasone (DEXA) treatment. Differentiation and sarcopenia were evaluated by both real-time PCR and immunofluorescent techniques. Data show that myosin heavy chain 2 (MYH2), troponin T (TNNT1), and miogenin (MYOG) were expressed in differentiated myotubes. 5 μg Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE/mL) of TPC from RED-Ds extract significantly reduced muscle atrophy induced by DEXA. Moreover, Forkhead BoxO1 (FOXO1) expression, involved in cell atrophy, was significantly decreased by RED-Ds extract. The protective effect of tomato peel extracts depended on their qualitative polyphenolic composition, resulting effectively in the in vitro model of sarcopenia.

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Kızılırmak Esmer, Özlem, Erinç Koçak, Alp Efe Cevrem e Orhan Kıcıkoğlu. "Alkali Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Tomato Peel: Optimization of Extraction Conditions and Investigation of Phenolic Profile by LC-MS/MS". Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 10, sp2 (30 dicembre 2022): 2966–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v10isp2.2966-2976.5646.

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With the increasing world population, the food need of humanity is increasing proportionally. Agricultural wastes constitute an important potential for the global economy as they contain components that are less preferred to be consumed as food due to their low bioavailability due to their indigestion in the human body or due to their sensory properties, but that may be beneficial to human health such as antioxidant substances and antimicrobial agents. The benefits of using these wastes in terms of economy and reducing environmental pollution are obvious. Tomato, which is one of the most used agricultural products in our country and the world, is processed by removing its skins in the processing of many products. Tomato skins cause serious environmental problems and economic losses unless they are valorized. In this regard, this study aims to optimize the extraction efficiency, the antioxidant capacity, and total phenolic content of the tomato peel extract according to the independent variables of temperature and time, while the alkaline extraction process applied to tomato skins is cheap and industrially applicable. Using response surface methodology, the highest extraction yield (28.77 g/100 g dry extract), total phenolic content (3819.32 mg GAE/100 g dry extract), and total antioxidant capacity (2737.82 µmoL Trolox/100 g dry extract) were obtained under extraction conditions at 100°C for 5.26 h. According to LC-MS/MS results, tomato skins treated with alkali contain various phenolic acids and some flavonoids. The phenolic component found in the highest amount in the tomato peel extract was determined as p-coumaric acid (429.99 ± 38.53 mg/100 g dry extract). Other important phenolic components are ferulic acid (12.44 ± 2.06); 4-hydroxy benzoic acid (7.13 ± 1.01) and vanillin (2.47 ± 0.22) mg/100 g dry extract.

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Rongai, Domenico, Patrizio Pulcini, Barbara Pesce e Filomena Milano. "Antifungal activity of pomegranate peel extract against fusarium wilt of tomato". European Journal of Plant Pathology 147, n. 1 (8 luglio 2016): 229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10658-016-0994-7.

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IBRAHIM, NURUL FAZIHA, NUR FAZLEEN SYUHADA ROSTAM, NOR AMIRA IZATI NOR AZMAN e SHAMSUL BAHRI ABDUL RAZAK. "EFFECTS OF KAFFIR LIME PEEL EXTRACT AND GINGER EXTRACT ON THE POSTHARVEST QUALITY OF TOMATO". Malaysian Applied Biology 49, n. 4 (25 dicembre 2020): 247–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v49i4.1628.

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Harvested tomatoes are very sensitive to changing environments and rough handling techniques. This practice becomes a major challenge to the sellers either for fresh market or long-distance market to maintain the quality and prolong its shelf life. Fungal disease and mechanical injuries due to improper handling practice will deteriorate the fruits, thus reducing the customer’s acceptability and its market value. This study was aimed to provide a low-cost technique by evaluating the potential of aqueous kaffir lime peel extract (KLE) and aqueous ginger extract (GG) in maintaining the quality of tomatoes. For this purpose, healthy tomatoes at stage 5 were dipped in 20% GG, 25% KLE and 50% KLE before incubated at room temperature. The data on postharvest parameters namely weight loss, firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), and lycopene content were recorded at two days intervals. The results show that 25% KLE and 50% KLE recorded a good promising agent to maintain the quality of tomatoes. Also, treatment of tomatoes with 50% KLE can significantly preserve the weight, firmness, TSS, and lycopene content of the fruits. None of the tomatoes treated with 20% GG showed significant results in this study. The output of this study will provide important information on the potential of KLE and GG in prolonging the shelf life of tomatoes.

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Faraone, Immacolata, Daniela Russo, Maria Ponticelli, Vincenzo Candido, Donato Castronuovo, Loriana Cardone, Chiara Sinisgalli, Fabiana Labanca e Luigi Milella. "Preserving Biodiversity as Source of Health Promoting Compounds: Phenolic Profile and Biological Activity of Four Varieties of Solanum lycopersicum L." Plants 10, n. 3 (26 febbraio 2021): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10030447.

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Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a precious source of specialized metabolites with a great role in human health. Many varieties of tomatoes characterize the south of Italy’s agronomic production and biodiversity, thanks to its warm temperatures and favorable weather. The preservation of biodiversity is a major goal of recent years, as each variety shows a peculiar phytochemical profile and provides a wide variety of metabolites with health-beneficial properties. Among the wide range of tomato varieties, literature focused on the most commercially-known types, including San Marzano and Datterino, while this study considered typical South Italy varieties for the first time, as well as Crovarese and Arsicolo. The aim of our work is to enrich the current knowledge about the tomato by evaluating the carotenoid content, the phytochemical profile by HPLC-DAD, and the biological activity of the different parts (peel, fruit, pulp, and seeds) of niche cultivars compared with commercial ones. Radical scavenging activity, assessed by the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, was higher in Crovarese peel extract, while Arsicolo possessed the highest lycopene content, underlying the importance of local ecotypes as a precious source of health promoting compounds. However, out of all of the varieties considered, peel extract was the most active one, opening new insights on their valorization in light of the circular economy.

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Quattrucci, A., E. Ovidi, A. Tiezzi, V. Vinciguerra e G. M. Balestra. "Biological control of tomato bacterial speck using Punica granatum fruit peel extract". Crop Protection 46 (aprile 2013): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2012.12.008.

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Ersoy, Şeyda Karaman, Esma Tütem, Kevser Sözgen Başkan e Reşat Apak. "Valorization of Red Onion Peels for Quercetin Recovery Using Quercetin-Imprinted Polymer". Journal of Chromatographic Science 58, n. 2 (9 dicembre 2019): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/bmz079.

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Abstract Quercetin (QC) is one of the most prominent dietary antioxidants present in vegetables/fruits, specifically in onions that rank second in consumption following tomato. QC with proven health benefits is now largely utilized as a nutritional supplement. In this work that aims to isolate QC from red onion peels forming a huge agricultural waste, a QC-molecularly imprinted polymer (QC-MIP) in a molar ratio of 1:4:20 (QC:4-vinylpyridine:ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) was prepared thermally through bulk polymerization. Molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction (MISPE) procedures were applied for the selective pre-concentration and purification of QC from both red onion peel methanolic extract with 58% recovery and from the extract hydrolyzate with 86% recovery. The hydrolysis process increased both the QC amount as expected and the recovery yield due to changing matrix components. The results demonstrated that onion peel can easily and efficiently be converted to a valuable product, QC, using QC-MIP as SPE sorbent.

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Tsague Donjio, Robin, Jean Aghofack Nguemezi, Mariette Anoumaa, Eugene Tafre Phounzong, Justine Odelonne Kenfack e Théophile Fonkou. "Using Response Surface Methodology to Optimize Edible Coating Formulations to Delay Ripening and Preserve Postharvest Quality of Tomatoes". Journal of Food Quality 2023 (15 febbraio 2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/1019310.

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Tomato is a nutrient-rich but highly perishable fruit. In order to delay the rapid ripening and degradation of fruits and reduce postharvest losses, response surface methodology (RSM) was used as the optimizing method to formulate edible coating based on pineapple peel extract and Arabic gum of twenty concentrations of pineapple (0.5–0.83 kg/l) and 20 concentrations of Arabic gum (5–15%, w/v). Tomatoes were soaked for 10–30 min in any of the coating solution. Five parameters including ripening rate, chlorophyll a content, firmness, total flavonoid content, and titratable acidity of tomatoes were evaluated after 8 days of storage at 24 ± 0.5°C and 82 ± 1.5% relative humidity. Results showed that the experimental data could be adequately fitted into a second-order polynomial model with coefficient of determination (R2) ranging from 0.775 to 0.976 for all the variables studied. The optimum concentrations were predicted as 0.70 kg/l pineapple peel extract and 17.04% with 18.72 min optimum time. Under these conditions, predicted values of response variables are as follows: ripening rate (RR) 40.75, chlorophyll a (Chl a) 8.11, firmness (Fir) 4.00, total flavonoid content (TFC) 43.51, and titratable acidity (TA) 0.30. It is concluded that RSM can be used to optimize pineapple peel extract and Arabic gum-based edible coating formulation to extend the shelf life or delay the ripening process of tomato fruit at ambient conditions.

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Sitti Zubaydah, Wa Ode, e Selly Septi Fandinata. "Formulasi Sediaan Masker Gel Peel-Off dari Ekstrak Buah Tomat (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) Beserta Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan". Journal Syifa Sciences and Clinical Research 2, n. 2 (2 settembre 2020): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.37311/jsscr.v2i2.6980.

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Tomatoes are well-known as the source of antioxidants due to the content of lycopene, i.e., a potential free radical inhibitor. Gel peel-off masks are among the chemical products containing antioxidants. The first step of the study was extracting tomato fruits by macerating the fruits using alcohol solvents 96%. The obtained thick extract was used as the material of the gel mask; the percentage of the extract comprised 3% (F1), 5% (F2), and 7% (F3), and it used PVA basis 11% and viscolam 3%. According to the result, the gel peel-off masks meet the requirements of physical and storage stability evaluation. The result of the antioxidant test reveals that the IC50 value of the three masks is F1 189.22 µg/mL, F2 89.34 µg/mL, and F3 36.77 µg/mL. Further, the result of T-Test reveals that P-value = 0.019 (α = 0.05), indicating a difference in the result of the antioxidant test of the three formulae in day one (t0) and day 28 (t28).

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Nishizawa, Hideo, Masao Shigemura, Takashi Suzuki e Matazaemon Uchida. "Simple Cleanup Procedure for Analysis of Buprofezin Residues and Its Metabolite in Crops by Gas Chromatography". Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 77, n. 6 (1 novembre 1994): 1631–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/77.6.1631.

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Abstract An analytical method for determining residues of buprofezin (2-tert-butylimino-3-isopropyl-5-phenylperhydro- 1,3,5-thiadiazin-4-one) and its p-hydroxy metabolite (p-hydroxybuprofezin, one of its major metabolites in plants) in crops such as rice, citrus, and tomato was investigated. On the basis of the basicity of these compounds, a liquid–liquid partition, rather than column chromatography, was used for cleanup. Samples were extracted with acetone or methanol, and the concentrated extracts were partitioned between n-hexane and 1N HCI. After the aqueous layer was neutralized with 10N NaOH, the compounds were extracted with n-hexane, and the extract was analyzed with a gas-liquid chromatograph (GLC) equipped with an alkali flame ionization detector (AFID). p-Hydroxy- buprofezin was detected after acetylation with acetic anhydride–pyridine because its peak was broad and showed tailing on GLC. The limits of detection for buprofezin and p-hydroxybuprofezin were 0.005 ppm in hulled rice, citrus flesh, and tomato and 0.01 ppm in rice straw and citrus peel. Recoveries of both compounds fortified at 0.1 or 0.2 ppm were 75–97%.

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Mitsagga, Chrysanthi, Konstantinos Petrotos e Ioannis Giavasis. "Antimicrobial Properties of Lyophilized Extracts of Olive Fruit, Pomegranate and Orange Peel Extracts against Foodborne Pathogenic and Spoilage Bacteria and Fungi In Vitro and in Food Matrices". Molecules 26, n. 22 (21 novembre 2021): 7038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26227038.

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Several novel antimicrobials with different concentrations of olive, pomegranate, and orange fruit pulp extracts were produced from agricultural byproducts and, after lyophilization, their antimicrobial activity and potential synergistic effects were evaluated in vitro and in food samples against foodborne pathogenic and spoilage bacteria and fungi. The Minimum Inhibitory of the tested bacteria was 7.5% or 10%, while fungi were inhibited at a concentration of 10% or above. The optical density of bacterial and yeast cultures was reduced to a different extent with all tested antimicrobial powders, compared to a control without antimicrobials, and mycelium growth of fungi was also restricted with extracts containing at least 90% olive extract. In food samples with inoculated pathogens and spoilage bacteria and fungi, the 100% olive extract was most inhibitory against E. coli, S. typhimurium, and L. monocytogenes in fresh burger and cheese spread samples (by 0.6 to 1.8 log cfu/g), except that S. typhimurium was better inhibited by a 90% olive and 10% pomegranate extract in burgers. The latter extract was also the most effective in controlling the growth of inoculated fungi (Aspergillus niger, Penicillium italicum, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa) in both yogurt and tomato juice samples, where it reduced fungal growth by 1–2.2 log cfu/g at the end of storage period. The results demonstrate that these novel encapsulated extracts could serve as natural antimicrobials of wide spectrum, in order to replace synthetic preservatives in foods and cosmetics.

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OBIAZIKWOR, ONYEMAECHI, e Hakeem Olalekan SHITTU. "ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIZED USING CITRUS SINENSIS PEEL EXTRACT AGAINST PATHOGENS ISOLATED FROM DISEASED TOMATO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM L.)". Bacterial Empire 4, n. 1 (19 gennaio 2021): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.36547/be.2021.4.1.1-3.

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Among all the noble nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles have gained boundless interests because of their unique properties such as chemical stability, catalytic and most important antimicrobial activities. This study was carried out to investigate the antibacterial activity of phytosynthesized silver nanoparticles against bacteria pathogens isolated from diseased tomato plant leaves. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized using Citrus peel extract and the formation of nanoparticles was monitored using spectrophotometer. Diseased tomato plant leaves were obtained from a farm located at Ovia North-East Local Government Area, Edo State, Nigeria for the isolation of bacteria pathogens. The isolated bacteria include Pseudomonas sp. and Enterobacter sp. Antibacterial testing using the phytosynthesized silver nanoparticles was carried out via the agar well diffusion method on the test isolates. Zones of inhibition of 10 and 8 mm were obtained for Enterobacter and Pseudomonas species respectively by 100 µl nanoparticles treatment after 24 hours of incubation. This indicated that the phytosynthesized silver nanoparticles have antibacterial activity against the bacterial pathogens. Further studies should be carried out to determine the mode of action of silver nanoparticles and the potential of the test nanoparticles in plant disease management. The potential of members of the genus, Enterobacter as causative agents of plant diseases should be further investigated.

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Leontopoulos, Stefanos, Prodromos Skenderidis, Konstantinos Petrotos, Chrysanthi Mitsagga e Ioannis Giavasis. "Preliminary Studies on Suppression of Important Plant Pathogens by Using Pomegranate and Avocado Residual Peel and Seed Extracts". Horticulturae 8, n. 4 (28 marzo 2022): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8040283.

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Potential synergistic action of aqueous extracts of pomegranate peel (PP), avocado peel (AP), and avocado seed (AS) wastes isolated by microwave-assisted extraction were assessed in in vitro and in vivo assays as biocontrol agents against several plant pathogenic fungi. The study findings contribute to the utilization of a value-added industrial byproduct and provide significant value in advancing the development of new plant protecting compositions that benefit from the synergistic effects between two important plant species that contain several natural bioactive compounds. More specifically, the in vitro results proved that the use of 100%-pure (PP) extracted waste affected the mycelium growth of Penicillium expansum. Furthermore, mycelium growth of Aspergillus niger was decreased by 10.21% compared to control after 7 days of growth in medium agar containing 100% AP and extracted waste. Moreover, mycelium growth of Botrytis cinerea was affected by equal volume of avocado extraction wastes (50% peel and 50% seed) only at the first 3 days of the inoculation, while at the seventh day of the inoculation there was no effect on the mycelium growth. Equal volumes of the examined wastes showed decreased mycelium growth of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici by 6%, while Rhizoctonia solani mycelium growth was found to be the most sensitive in PP application. In addition, the in vivo assay shown that PP extract suppresses damage of tomato plants caused by R. solani followed by extracted wastes from AP. Based on the research findings, it can be argued that PP and AP extracts can be used as natural antifungals instead of dangerous synthetic antifungals to effectively treat phytopathogens that cause fruit and vegetable losses during cultivation.

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Firani, Novi Khila, Prasetyo Adi, Rafika Assalami e Revianti Anriz. "Tomato fruit (Solanum lycopersicum) peel extract improves fasting blood glucose and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes wistar rats". Medicinal Plants - International Journal of Phytomedicines and Related Industries 10, n. 2 (2018): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0975-6892.2018.00019.9.

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Tomar, Oktay, e Gamze Yıldırım. "Kırmızı Pancarın (Beta vulgaris var. Cruenta Alef.) Bazı Gıda Kaynaklı Patojenler Üzerindeki Antimikrobiyal Etkisi". Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 7, sp1 (10 dicembre 2019): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7isp1.54-60.2690.

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Red beet (Beta vulgaris var. Cruenta Alef.) it is a flowering plant belonging to the family of Amaranthaceae and is cultivated in the regions extending from the west of Europe to all the Mediterranean coasts In Turkey; especially in the Aegean and Marmara regions. In the World, it is used in the production of milk and milk products, fruit juices, sauces, soups, confectionery, jelly, tomato paste, breakfast products, sausages and sausage products. In Turkey, in addition to these, it is widely used, in producing the turnip juice and pickles. There beet is particularly rich in minerals such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium and phosphorus and also contains iron and selenium. Further; rich in antioxidant phenolic substances, betalain and flavonoid. In this study; antibacterial effect of extracts obtained from red beet outer shell and flesh inner part by using different solvents (ethanol, methanol and distilled water) on some food pathogens were determined by dise diffusion method. As a result of the research; the most antimicrobial effect was observed in the water extract obtained from the shell portion of red beet against Listeria monocytogenes with a 17 mm dilution diameter. This value was determined to be followed by methanol extract obtained from the interior of the red beet against Pseudomonas aeroginosa with a 16 mm dilution diameter. The lowest MIC and MBC values were on the Enterobacter aerogenes of beet peel methanol extract with values of 23.44and 31.25 μg / mL, respectively. All results were compared with the reference values of Eucastand CLSI laboratories and resistance and sensitivity were determined.

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Regaieg, Hajer, Mouna Bouajila, Lobna Hajji, Asma Larayadh, Noura Chiheni, Ilhem Guessmi-Mzoughi e Najet Horrigue-Raouani. "Evaluation of pomegranate (Punica granatum L. var. Gabsi) peel extract for control of root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica on tomato". Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection 50, n. 17-18 (3 novembre 2017): 839–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2017.1396721.

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Mellinas, Cristina, Ignacio Solaberrieta, Carlos Javier Pelegrín, Alfonso Jiménez e María Carmen Garrigós. "Valorization of Agro-Industrial Wastes by Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction as a Source of Proteins, Antioxidants and Cutin: A Cascade Approach". Antioxidants 11, n. 9 (1 settembre 2022): 1739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11091739.

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The use of agro-industrial wastes to obtain compounds with a high added-value is increasing in the last few years in accordance with the circular economy concept. In this work, a cascade extraction approach was developed based on ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) for tomato, watermelon, and apple peel wastes. The protein and antioxidant compounds were obtained during the first extraction step (NaOH 3 wt.%, 98.6 W, 100% amplitude, 6.48 W/cm2, 6 min). The watermelon peels (WP) showed higher proteins and total phenolic contents (857 ± 1 mg BSA/g extract and 107.2 ± 0.2 mg GAE/100 g dm, respectively), whereas the highest antioxidant activity was obtained for apple peels (1559 ± 20 µmol TE/100 g dm, 1767 ± 5 µmol TE/100 g dm, and 902 ± 16 µmol TE/100 g dm for ABTS, FRAP and DPPH assays, respectively). The remaining residue obtained from the first extraction was subsequently extracted to obtain cutin (ethanol 40 wt.%, 58 W, 100% amplitude, 2 W/cm2, 17 min, 1/80 g/mL, pH 2.5). The morphological studies confirmed the great efficiency of UAE in damaging the vegetal cell walls. WP showed a higher non-hydrolysable cutin content (55 wt.% of the initial cutin). A different monomers’ profile was obtained for the cutin composition by GC-MS, with the cutin from tomato and apple peels being rich in polyhydroxy fatty acids whereas the cutin extracted from WP was mainly based on unsaturated fatty acids. All of the cutin samples showed an initial degradation temperature higher than 200 °C, presenting an excellent thermal stability. The strategy followed in this work has proved to be an effective valorization methodology with a high scaling-up potential for applications in the food, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, cosmetics and biopolymer sectors.

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Kumar, Nishant, Neeraj, Pratibha e Anka Trajkovska Petkoska. "Improved Shelf Life and Quality of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) by Using Chitosan-Pullulan Composite Edible Coating Enriched with Pomegranate Peel Extract". ACS Food Science & Technology 1, n. 4 (17 marzo 2021): 500–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsfoodscitech.0c00076.

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Hassan, Fawzia A., Nabila Elkassas, Ibrahim Salim, Shawky El-Medany, Salama Mostafa Aboelenin, Mustafa Shukry, Ayman E. Taha, Soliman Peris, Mohamed Soliman e Khalid Mahrose. "Impacts of Dietary Supplementations of Orange Peel and Tomato Pomace Extracts as Natural Sources for Ascorbic Acid on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Plasma Biochemicals and Antioxidant Status of Growing Rabbits". Animals 11, n. 6 (5 giugno 2021): 1688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11061688.

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The effect of dietary orange peel (OPE) and tomato pomace extract (TPE) supplementations on growth performance, plasma biochemicals, carcass characteristics and antioxidant status of growing male rabbits were investigated. A total of 96 rabbits (5 weeks old) were distributed into four groups. The first group received untreated pelleted diet (control). The second group was fed a diet containing ascorbic acid (AA; 1.0 g/kg diet), while the third and fourth groups consumed diets supplemented with 200 gm of OPE or (TPE, respectively. Our results indicated that OPE and TPE contained 59, 14.03 mg ascorbic acid/100 g DM, respectively. Growth performance, except feed conversion ratio, and carcass weight were improved by dietary supplementations. Dietary supplementations decreased kidneys, abdominal, back fats and ether extract of meat. Plasma protein and globulin levels were high in rabbits fed AA and TPE-supplemented diets. Low plasma total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were observed in rabbits fed the supplemented diets. Plasma AA was increased in rabbits fed AA and OPE-supplemented diets. Rabbits fed OPE and TPE-supplemented diets had great SOD activity. The best economic efficiency was recorded by rabbits fed the supplemented diets. Dietary supplementations of OPE and TPE could effectively improve growth performance, antioxidative status, modulate AA level in plasma and meat and lower plasma total cholesterol and LDL.

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Nasui, Liana, Dan Vodnar e Carmen Socaciu. "Bioactive Labels for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables". Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Food Science and Technology 70, n. 2 (20 novembre 2013): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-fst:9490.

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Pesticide residues and microbial load on the surface of fresh fruits and vegetables becomes a major concern due to the safety and quality of these products for consumer.In order to minimize these risk factors (pesticide residues and microbial load), were achieved labels for fruits and vegetables that are consumed with shell which disintegrates under the influence of water jet and thus reduce the amount of these contaminants. Were elaborated labels based on polymer (chitosan) at a concentration of 2%, which incorporate bioactive compounds from green tea with potential decontaminant of the peel of this products. Green tea extract was obtained by infusing 1 g of dried green tea in 100 ml water at 80° C for 10 minutes. The extract was filtered and then mixed with 2 g chitosan acidified with 0.7% glacial acetic acid and dilute to the mark with distilled water. Were identified bioactive compounds from green tea, using UV-VIS and HPLC. Then were elaborated the labels. These tags were used on pepper, tomato, apple and nectarine. Were quantified the microbial load and the pesticide residues on their surface unwashed, washed only with water and were monitored the influence of labels on these factors. Identified pesticides were mefenoxan and thiamethoxam, which were quantified by HPLC. In what it concerns the influence, were founded the absence of germs at pepper and a significant decrease at the other. In terms of the potential of reducing pesticide, the experimental results have indicated that the label can prove its effectiveness.

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Liana, Nasui, Dan Vodnar e Socaciu Carmen. "Bioactive Labels for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables". Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Food Science and Technology 70, n. 2 (31 marzo 2014): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-fst:9660.

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Abstract (sommario):

Pesticide residues and microbial load on the surface of fresh fruits and vegetables becomes a major concern due to the safety and quality of these products for consumer.In order to minimize these risk factors (pesticide residues and microbial load), were achieved labels for fruits and vegetables that are consumed with shell which disintegrates under the influence of water jet and thus reduce the amount of these contaminants. Were elaborated labels based on polymer (chitosan) at a concentration of 2%, which incorporate bioactive compounds from green tea with potential decontaminant of the peel of this products. Green tea extract was obtained by infusing 1 g of dried green tea in 100 ml water at 80° C for 10 minutes. The extract was filtered and then mixed with 2 g chitosan acidified with 0.7% glacial acetic acid and dilute to the mark with distilled water. Were identified bioactive compounds from green tea, using UV-VIS and HPLC. Then were elaborated the labels. These tags were used on pepper, tomato, apple and nectarine. Were quantified the microbial load and the pesticide residues on their surface unwashed, washed only with water and were monitored the influence of labels on these factors. Identified pesticides were mefenoxan and thiamethoxam, which were quantified by HPLC. In what it concerns the influence, were founded the absence of germs at pepper and a significant decrease at the other. In terms of the potential of reducing pesticide, the experimental results have indicated that the label can prove its effectiveness.

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26

Hoyos, Catalina Gómez, Angélica Serpa Guerra, Shaydier Argel Pérez, Jorge Velásquez-Cock, Mariana Villegas, Piedad Gañán e Robin Zuluaga Gallego. "An Edible Oil Enriched with Lycopene from Pink Guava (Psidium guajava L.) Using Different Mechanical Treatments". Molecules 27, n. 3 (3 febbraio 2022): 1038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27031038.

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According to the regulations of the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), organic solvents should be limited in pharmaceutical and food products due to their inherent toxicity. For this reason, this short paper proposes different mechanical treatments to extract lycopene without organic solvents to produce an edible sunflower oil (SFO) enriched with lycopene from fresh pink guavas (Psidium guajava L.) (FPGs). The methodology involves the use of SFO and a combination of mechanical treatments: a waring blender (WB), WB+ high-shear mixing (HSM) and WB+ ultrafine friction grinding (UFFG). The solid:solvent (FPG:SFO) ratios used in all the techniques were 1:5, 1:10 and 1:20. The results from optical microscopy and UV–vis spectroscopy showed a correlation between the concentration of lycopene in SFO, vegetable tissue diameters and FPG:SFO ratio. The highest lycopene concentration, 18.215 ± 1.834 mg/g FPG, was achieved in WB + UFFG with an FPG:SFO ratio of 1:20. The yield of this treatment was 66% in comparison to the conventional extraction method. The maximal lycopene concentration achieved in this work was significantly higher than the values reported by other authors, using high-pressure homogenization for tomato peel and several solvents such as water, SFO, ethyl lactate and acetone.

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Reshmitha, T. R., Sithara Thomas, S. Geethanjali, K. B. Arun e P. Nisha. "DNA and mitochondrial protective effect of lycopene rich tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) peel extract prepared by enzyme assisted extraction against H2O2 induced oxidative damage in L6 myoblasts". Journal of Functional Foods 28 (gennaio 2017): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2016.10.031.

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Concha-Meyer, Anibal, Iván Palomo, Andrea Plaza, Adriana Gadioli Tarone, Mário Roberto Maróstica Junior, Sonia G. Sáyago-Ayerdi e Eduardo Fuentes. "Platelet Anti-Aggregant Activity and Bioactive Compounds of Ultrasound-Assisted Extracts from Whole and Seedless Tomato Pomace". Foods 9, n. 11 (28 ottobre 2020): 1564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9111564.

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Tomato paste production generates a residue known as tomato pomace, which corresponds to peels and seeds separated during tomato processing. Currently, there is an opportunity to use tomato pomace to obtain a functional extract with antithrombotic properties, such as platelet anti-aggregant activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the yield and inhibitory activity of different extracts of tomato pomace on in vitro platelet aggregation, comparing this activity with commercial cardioprotective products, and quantify bioactive compounds. Aqueous or ethanolic/water (1:1) extracts of whole tomato pomace, seedless tomato pomace, tomato pomace supplemented with seeds (50% and 20%), and only seeds were obtained with different ultrasound-assisted extraction times. The inhibition of platelet aggregation was evaluated using a lumi-aggregometer. The quantification of bioactive compounds was determined by HPLC-MS. From 5 g of each type of tomato pomace sample, 0.023–0.22 g of a dry extract was obtained for the platelet aggregation assay. The time of sonication and extraction solvent had a significant role in platelet anti-aggregant activity of some extracts respect the control. Thus, the most active extracts decreased adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation from 87 ± 6% (control) to values between 26 ± 6% and 34 ± 2% (p < 0.05). Furthermore, different ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions of tomato pomace fractions had varied concentration of flavonoids and nucleosides, and had an effect on extract yield.

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Wijayanti, Ernanin Dyah, e Endang Susilowati. "Eksplorasi Ekstrak Etanol Beberapa Tumbuhan Berpotensi Sebagai Antiketombe". JRST: JURNAL RISET SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI 1, n. 2 (19 settembre 2017): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/jrst.v1i2.1671.

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Abstrak Ketombe merupakan salah satu masalah rambut yang disebabkan oleh fungi Malassezia furfur sehingga untuk pengendaliannya diperlukan agen antifungi. Beberapa tumbuhan telah digunakan secara empiris untuk terapi antiketombe antara lain: inggu (Ruta angustifolia), bambu tali (Gigantochloa apus), johar (Senna siamea), jintan hitam (Nigella sativa), apukat (Persea americana), dadap serep (Erythrina lithosprema), nagasari (Palaquium rostratum), pisang (Musa paradisiaca), sidaguri (Sida rhombifolia), tomat (Solanum lycopersicum), kethuk (Alocasia macrorrhiza) dan komak (Dolichos lablab). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan aktivitas antifungi ekstrak etanol tumbuhan uji dan menentukan nilai Kadar Hambat Minimum (KHM) dan Kadar Bunuh Minimumnya (KBM). Masing-masing simplisia tumbuhan uji diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 70% selama 5 hari. Pengujian aktivitas antifungi terhadap Malassezia furfur menggunakan metode difusi sumuran, yang dilanjutkan dengan penentuan KHM dan KBM dengan metode dilusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua ekstrak etanol tumbuhan uji memiliki aktivitas antifungi yang bervariasi terhadap Malassezia furfur. Aktivitas yang kuat ditunjukkan oleh ekstrak etanol kulit buah pisang, daun bambu tali, daun komak, biji jintan hitam dan daun inggu. Nilai KHM masing-masing ekstrak antara lain: kulit buah pisang, daun bambu tali dan daun komak (10%), biji jintan hitam (20%), daun inggu (30%), daun dadap serep dan daun johar (50%), daun tomat (60%), daun apukat dan daun nagasari (70%). Ekstrak etanol daun sidaguri dan daun kethuk tidak memiliki nilai KHM. Semua ekstrak etanol tumbuhan uji tidak memiliki nilai Kadar Bunuh Minimum (KBM). Kata kunci: antifungi, ekstrak etanol, ketombe Abstract Dandruff is one of hair problem caused by Malassezia furfur, which can be controlled by antifungal agents. Empirically, some plants have been used as antidandruff treatment: rue (Ruta angustifolia), bamboo tali (Gigantochloa apus), blackwood cassia (Senna siamea), black cummin (Nigella sativa), avocado (Persea americana), Indian coral tree (Erythrina lithosprema), gutta percha (Palaquium rostratum), banana (Musa paradisiaca), cuban jute (Sida rhombifolia), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), taro (Alocasia macrorrhiza) and lablab (Dolichos lablab). This research was aimed to observe antifungal activity, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) of these 12 potential plants against Malassezia furfur. Each of plant simplisia was extracted by immersion in 70% ethanol for 5 days. Antifungal activity assay against Malassezia furfur were conducted using agar well diffusion, followed by dilution method to determine MIC and MFC. The results showed that all of plant ethanolic extract have various antifungal activity against Malassezia furfur. Strong activity showed by banana peels extract, bamboo tali leaves extract, lablab leaves extract, black cumin seeds extract and rue leaves extract. MIC values obtained were 10 % for banana peels extract, bamboo tali and lablab leaves extract, 20% for black cumin seeds extract, 30% for rue leaves extract, 50% for Indian coral and blackwood cassia leaves extract, 60% for tomato leaves extract, 70% for avocado and gutta percha leaves extract. Whereas cuban jute and taro leaves extract did not show MIC values. All of plant ethanolic extracts did not show MFC values. Key words: antifungal, dandruff, ethanolic extract

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Carnés, J., M. López-Matas, A. Ferrer, C. Larramendi, J. Huertas, M. Casanovas e E. Fernández-Caldas. "Immunochemical Characterization of Tomato Peel and Pulp Extracts". Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 117, n. 2 (febbraio 2006): S302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2005.12.1192.

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Albanese, Donatella, Giuseppina Adiletta, Mariantonietta D′Acunto, Luciano Cinquanta e Marisa Di Matteo. "Tomato peel drying and carotenoids stability of the extracts". International Journal of Food Science & Technology 49, n. 11 (14 luglio 2014): 2458–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.12602.

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32

Szabo, Katalin, Zorița Diaconeasa, Adriana-Florinela Cătoi e Dan Cristian Vodnar. "Screening of Ten Tomato Varieties Processing Waste for Bioactive Components and Their Related Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities". Antioxidants 8, n. 8 (8 agosto 2019): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox8080292.

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Abstract (sommario):

Global tomato production is currently around 180 million tons, of which more than a quarter undergoes processing. The removed peels, seeds, and vascular tissues usually end up in landfills, creating environmental pollution. In order to highlight the alternative use of these vegetal wastes, our study investigated 10 tomato varieties in terms of carotenoids content, phenolic composition, and their related antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Tomato peels extracts were screened by high performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC/DAD) for qualitative and quantitative analyses. The extracts were tested against six bacterial strains to determine their antimicrobial effect; the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay was applied to estimate their antioxidant capacity. Total carotenoids content was significantly higher in Ţărănești roz, a local variety (5.31 ± 0.12 mg/100 g DW), while Mirsini, a commercial hybrid, presented significantly higher total phenolic content (155 ± 2 mg/100 g DW) compared to the mean value of all analyzed samples. The methanolic extracts of tomato peels presented acceptable antimicrobial activity against Staphilococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, and the mean antioxidant activity was 201 ± 44 µmol Trolox/100 g DW tomato peels. Considering that tomato peels have lycopene, β-carotene, lutein, and different phenolic compounds in their composition, tomato industrial by-products could represent a source of natural bioactive molecules with applicability in nutraceuticals and food industry.

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Friedman, Mendel, Christina C. Tam, Jong H. Kim, Sydney Escobar, Steven Gong, Max Liu, Xuan Yu Mao et al. "Anti-Parasitic Activity of Cherry Tomato Peel Powders". Foods 10, n. 2 (23 gennaio 2021): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10020230.

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Trichomoniasis in humans, caused by the protozoal parasite Trichomonas vaginalis, is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease, while Tritrichomonas foetus causes trichomonosis, an infection of the gastrointestinal tract and diarrhea in farm animals and domesticated cats. As part of an effort to determine the inhibitory effects of plant-based extracts and pure compounds, seven commercially available cherry tomato varieties were hand-peeled, freeze-dried, and pounded into powders. The anti-trichomonad inhibitory activities of these peel powders at 0.02% concentration determined using an in vitro cell assay varied widely from 0.0% to 66.7% against T. vaginalis G3 (human); from 0.9% to 66.8% for T. foetus C1 (feline); and from 0.0% to 81.3% for T. foetus D1 (bovine). The organic Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme (D) peels were the most active against all three trichomonads, inhibiting 52.2% (G3), 66.8% (C1), and 81.3% (D1). Additional assays showed that none of the powders inhibited the growth of foodborne pathogenic bacteria, pathogenic fungi, or non-pathogenic lactobacilli. Tomato peel and pomace powders with high content of described biologically active compounds could serve as functional food and feed additives that might help overcome adverse effects of wide-ranging diseases and complement the treatment of parasites with the anti-trichomonad drug metronidazole.

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Uchegbu, Nneka N., CN Ude, NA Obeta e CR Eze. "Characterization and optimization of carotenoid extracted from the peels of tomato Lycopersicon esculentum grown in Nigeria". African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 22, n. 106 (27 febbraio 2022): 19214–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.106.20620.

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The application of synthetic colourants to foods, snacks, and beverages has increased within the past 50 years, and up to a 500% increase has been reported in Nigeria. Consumers of coloured foods and beverages have been showing worries about the possible health hazards of such products over time. Hence, researchers have shifted attention to alternative and natural colourants that are harmless. Extraction of carotenoid from tomato peel by-product will not only solve the problem associated with consuming synthetic colourant but solve the pollution problem connected with tomato processing. This research was conducted to study the kinetics and determine the thermodynamics of carotenoid extraction from tomato peel (Lycopersicon esculentum) using ethanol. Tomato peel by-product was collected, cleaned, oven-dried, and ground. It was characterized to determine the proximate and phytochemicals composition. The carotenoid extraction process parameters were optimized using response surface methodology, and the carotenoid extracted was analysed using a gas chromatograph-mass spectrophotometer. The kinetics and thermodynamics of extraction were studied using a first-order mass transfer model and thermodynamics to determine energy changes involved in the extraction. The result of the proximate analysis showed the following values; crude protein (0.69%), Fibre (20.63%), Ash (17.40%), Fat (8.53%), Moisture (8.13%), and Carbohydrate (44.62%). The phytochemical analysis showed that the tomato peel contains terpenoid, alkaloid, saponin, and flavonoid. The optimal conditions for carotenoid extraction were 0.306 mL/g solvent/solid ratio, 20 minutes extraction time, and temperature of 36 °C with the optimal yield of 82.35%. The result indicates that tomatoes contain 82.35 g of carotenoid. It is observed that the carotenoid contains lutein 1.89%, lycopene 88.11%, β- carotene 2.25%, cis-ζ-carotene 2.41%, γ-carotene 1.23%, cis-lycopene 0.89%, phytofluene 0.62%,ζ-carotene 1.2% and phytoene 1.52%. Therefore, among the components, lycopene is the most dominant with the composition of 88.11% yield, and the extraction was endothermic, spontaneous, and feasible. Ethanol is a good solvent for the extraction of carotenoid from tomatoes peel. Key words: Carotenoid, optimization, extraction, phytochemicals, lycopene, ethanol, flavonoid, saponin, alkaloid

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Elbadrawy, Elsayed, e Amany Sello. "Evaluation of nutritional value and antioxidant activity of tomato peel extracts". Arabian Journal of Chemistry 9 (novembre 2016): S1010—S1018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2011.11.011.

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Mzibra, Abir, Abderrahim Aasfar, Mehdi Khouloud, Youssef Farrie, Rachid Boulif, Issam Meftah Kadmiri, Ahmed Bamouh e Allal Douira. "Improving Growth, Yield, and Quality of Tomato Plants (Solanum lycopersicum L) by the Application of Moroccan Seaweed-Based Biostimulants under Greenhouse Conditions". Agronomy 11, n. 7 (6 luglio 2021): 1373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11071373.

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Background: Seaweed-derived extracts have gained popularity in agriculture as bioproducts with phytostimulatory effects on plant growth and development. Methods: This study assessed the effect of polysaccharide-enriched extracts (PEEs) derived from six Moroccan seaweeds on tomato growth, yield, and fruit quality. PPEs were applied to tomato plants as soil drench in a greenhouse experiment. Growth parameters including plant height (cm) and number of leaves, flowers, and flower buds were recorded every 15 days. Yield and quality parameters of the harvested fruits were also recorded after each harvest. Results: The obtained results showed that all PEEs improved the growth, yield, and fruit quality of treated tomato plants. According to principal component analysis, the presence of SO4, galactose, glucose, and maltose in the characterized polysaccharides was closely associated with their effect on plant growth, yield, and fruit quality parameters. Conclusions: PEEs obtained from Gelidium crinale,Schizymenia dubyi, Fucus spiralis, and Bifurcaria bifurcata exhibited the highest biostimulant effects and could be used as bioproducts for improved tomato yield and fruit nutritional quality.

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Fuentes, Eduardo, Reinhold Carle, Luis Astudillo, Luis Guzmán, Margarita Gutiérrez, Gilda Carrasco e Iván Palomo. "Antioxidant and Antiplatelet Activities in Extracts from Green and Fully Ripe Tomato Fruits (Solanum lycopersicum) and Pomace from Industrial Tomato Processing". Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/867578.

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Abstract (sommario):

The consumption of fruits and vegetables is accepted to be one of the strategies to reduce risk factors for these diseases. The aim of this study was to examine potential relationships between the antioxidant and the antiplatelet activities in green mature and fully ripe (red) tomatoes and of lycopene-rich byproducts of tomato paste processing such as pomace. The total phenol content of tomato components was the highest in peels, pulp, and in the mucilaginous myxotesta covering the tomato seeds with values36.9±0.8,33.3±00.5, and17.6±0.9 mg GAE/100 g, respectively (P<0.05). Tomato peels had the highest antioxidant activity, both, as measured by the FRAP (46.9±0.9 μmol Fe+2/g,P<0.05) and the DPPH assays (97.4±0.2%, 1000 μg/mL,P<0.05). Pomace extracts showed the highest antiplatelet activity induced by ADP, collagen, TRAP-6, and arachidonic acid. While the maturation stage of the tomato fruit affected the antioxidant effect, antiplatelet activity was independent of fruit ripeness. Finally, based on the present results, tomato and its byproducts may be considered as a valuable source of antioxidant and antiplatelet activities.

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Mihalcea, Liliana, Oana Crăciunescu, Ionica Gheonea (Dima), Ana-Maria Prelipcean, Elena Enachi, Vasilica Barbu, Gabriela Elena Bahrim, Gabriela Râpeanu, Anca Oancea e Nicoleta Stănciuc. "Supercritical CO2 Extraction and Microencapsulation of Lycopene-Enriched Oleoresins from Tomato Peels: Evidence on Antiproliferative and Cytocompatibility Activities". Antioxidants 10, n. 2 (2 febbraio 2021): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10020222.

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Abstract (sommario):

Tomato peels are used as a valuable material to extract lycopene-rich oleoresins by supercritical CO2 extraction. The extraction involves continuous circling of CO2 to the extractor after removing the solute in the separators, S40 and S45, where the solvent power of the CO2 is reduced by reducing pressure down to 20 MPa in S40 and 5 MPa in S45, respectively, leading to two extracts. Lycopene is found to be the major compound, representing 93% and 76% of the total carotenoids in S40 and S45 extracts, respectively. The two extracts are microencapsulated in whey protein concentrate and acacia gum by complex coacervation and freeze-drying, leading to corresponding P40 and P45 powders, with antioxidant activity of 8.57 ± 0.74 and 9.37 ± 0.48 mMol TEAC/g DW in P40 and P45, respectively. Different structural and morphological patterns are observed, with finer microparticles of 1–2 µm in P45. Both powders show dose and time-dependent antiproliferative activity. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration values are 100 µg/mL for P40 and 750 µg/mL for P45 sample, indicating a higher antiproliferative effect of P40 over P45 in HT-29 cell culture. The powders have an extended range of cytocompatibility, up to 1000 µg/mL, in L929 normal cells, stimulating the cell growth. Lycopene retention is tested, and values of 48% and 29% in P40 and P45 are found after 21 days at 25 °C, with the degradation rate in P45 significantly higher, due to the higher content of the surface lycopene, which favored its degradation.

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Simões, Andreia, Isabel M. Coelhoso, Vítor D. Alves e Carla Brazinha. "Recovery and Purification of Cutin from Tomato By-Products for Application in Hydrophobic Films". Membranes 13, n. 3 (23 febbraio 2023): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13030261.

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Abstract (sommario):

Tomato pomace is a low-cost, renewable resource that has been studied for the extraction of the biopolyester cutin, which is mainly composed of long-chain hydroxy fatty acids. These are excellent building blocks to produce new hydrophobic biopolymers. In this work, the monomers of cutin were extracted and isolated from tomato pomace and utilized to produce cutin-based films. Several strategies for the depolymerization and isolation of monomeric cutin were explored. Strategies differed in the state of the raw material at the beginning of the extraction process, the existence of a tomato peel dewaxing step, the type of solvent used, the type of alkaline hydrolysis, and the isolation method of cutin monomers. These strategies enabled the production of extracts enriched in fatty acids (16-hydroxyhexadecanoic, hexadecanedioic, stearic, and linoleic, among others). Cutin and chitosan-based films were successfully cast from cutin extracts and commercial chitosan. Films were characterized regarding their thickness (0.103 ± 0.004 mm and 0.106 ± 0.005 mm), color, surface morphology, water contact angle (93.37 ± 0.31° and 95.15 ± 0.53°), and water vapor permeability ((3.84 ± 0.39) × 10−11 mol·m/m2·s·Pa and (4.91 ± 1.33) × 10−11 mol·m/m2·s·Pa). Cutin and chitosan-based films showed great potential to be used in food packaging and provide an application for tomato processing waste.

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Colucci Cante, Rosa, Marianna Gallo, Lorenzo Varriale, Isidoro Garella e Roberto Nigro. "Recovery of Carotenoids from Tomato Pomace Using a Hydrofluorocarbon Solvent in Sub-Critical Conditions". Applied Sciences 12, n. 6 (9 marzo 2022): 2822. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12062822.

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The enrichment of oils with nutraceutical bioactive phytomolecules allows the achievement of functional oil-based products of great interest in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic fields. Carotenoids, such as lycopene and β-carotene, are available at a high concentration in tomatoes and tomato waste products, as peels, seeds, and pulp; their recovery is recently attracting growing interest and economic importance in the food industry, and also in consideration of the huge amount of industrial waste produced. The aim of this work is to study the production of an oil functionalized with carotenoids from tomato peels. The extractions were carried out using an innovative process based on the use of commercial Norflurane as solvent in subcritical conditions. Extraction trials were performed on dried tomato peels, with the addition of tomato seeds or wheat germ flour as sources of oily co-solvents, capable of also preserving the biological characteristics of the carotenoids extracted. Although lycopene solubility in Norflurane is quite low, the solvent recirculation and regeneration were allowed to reach a concentration in the oily extracts of approximately 0.3 mg/goil after 2 h of the process. The enrichment in β-carotene was more pronounced, and concentrations of 0.733 mg/goil and 0.952 mg/goil were observed in wheat germ and tomato seed oils, respectively. The results obtained in this study were compared with those obtained by traditional and supercritical CO2 extraction methods.

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Dutta, K. "Substrate Inhibition Growth Kinetics for Cutinase Producing Pseudomonas cepacia Using Tomato-peel Extracted Cutin". Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Quarterly 29, n. 3 (14 ottobre 2015): 437–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15255/cabeq.2014.2022.

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42

(Dima), Ionica Gheonea, Iuliana Aprodu, Gabriela Râpeanu e Nicoleta Stănciuc. "Binding mechanisms between lycopene extracted from tomato peels and bovine β-lactoglobulin". Journal of Luminescence 203 (novembre 2018): 582–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2018.07.017.

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43

Horuz, Tuğba İnanç, e K. Bülent Belibağlı. "Nanoencapsulation of carotenoids extracted from tomato peels into zein fibers by electrospinning". Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 99, n. 2 (22 agosto 2018): 759–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.9244.

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44

Gabriel, Alonzo A., Marie Jo J. Dela Rosa e Hannah P. Madriaga. "Combinatorial Bacteriostatic Activities of Garlic Bulb-, Lemon Peel- and Orange Peel Extracts Against Common Foodborne Bacteria in a Tomato-Based Pasta Meat Sauce". Food Science and Technology Research 23, n. 2 (2017): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3136/fstr.23.169.

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45

Sadallah, Mead, e Thamer Alhaji. "EFFECT OF FREEZE STORAGE ON THE QUALITY OF LAMB MEAT TREATED WITH TOMATO PEEL AND SUMAC EXTRACTS". Mesopotamia Journal of Agriculture 49, n. 1 (9 aprile 2021): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.33899/magrj.2021.129557.1117.

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46

Ferrer, A., C. Larramendi, J. Huertas, J. García-Abujeta, C. Andreu, R. Tella, M. Cerdà et al. "Prevalence of Skin Test Reactivity to Tomato Peel and Pulp Extracts in the Mediterranean Coast of Spain". Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 117, n. 2 (febbraio 2006): S302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2005.12.1191.

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47

Hayat, Sikandar, Kai Wang, Bo Liu, Yue Wang, Fangjie Chen, Pufang Li, Kashif Hayat e Yongqing Ma. "A Two-Year Simulated Crop Rotation Confirmed the Differential Infestation of Broomrape Species in China Is Associated with Crop-Based Biostimulants". Agronomy 10, n. 1 (21 dicembre 2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10010018.

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In Yanqi County of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, broomrape species (Orobanche cumana Wallr and Phelipanche aegyptiaca Pers.) contribute to significant losses of processing tomato and sunflower. During the past decades, a significant infestation pattern was observed between these broomrape species with no scientific peer-reviewed explanation. A two-year pot experiment simulating the crop rotation and an independent hydroponic experiment were performed to address the problem and indicate the main reason behind the differential infestation pattern. Different varieties of three crops (sugar beet, pepper, and wheat) were grown in rotation with tomato and sunflower to identify a crop-rotation induced control mechanism on these two broomrape species. Germination bioassays were performed in vitro to identify stimulation of plant biochemicals collected as methanolic shoots/roots extracts and root exudates on the germination patterns of broomrape seeds. Results indicated that sunflower broomrape soil seed banks reduced during the two-year crop rotation; however, Egyptian broomrape seed banks did not alter and the resulting parasitism significantly reduced tomato growth. Seed germination bioassays confirmed that the methanolic shoot/root extracts successfully stimulate sunflower broomrape seeds germination but fail to stimulate Egyptian broomrape seeds germination. Root exudates collected from hydroponically grown crops also confirmed differential germination patterns in both broomrape species. Current results are of vital importance to explain the control effect of a crop rotation system and moreover, lay the foundation to study the genetic evolution of broomrape species that results in their differential germination responses to natural stimuli.

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48

RIZK, EFAT M., SALAH H. BEDIER e MANAL A. EL_GENDY. "UTILIZATION OF CAROTENOID PIGMENTS EXTRACTED FROM TOMATO PEEL AS NATURAL ANTIOXIDANTS AND COLORANTS IN SUNFLOWER OIL AND SPAGHETTI". Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research 92, n. 1 (5 marzo 2014): 309–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejar.2014.154836.

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49

Zhang, Kun Sheng, Hong Jiang e Yun Xia Ren. "The Effect of Technical Parameters on Lycopene Extraction in Supercritical Fluid Extraction From Freeze-Dried Tomato Pomace (Peels and Seeds)". Advanced Materials Research 236-238 (maggio 2011): 2868–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.2868.

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Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of lycopene from freeze-dried tomato pomace(peels and seeds) with CO2 was explored. The effect of different technical parameters, such as temperature (40°C, 50°C, 60°C), pressure (35MPa, 40MPa, 45MPa) and particle size (three degree index), on the extraction yield and the content of lycopene in extracts was determined with statistical analysis.The product obtained by supercritical CO2 extraction at over 35MPa contained the highest concentration of lycopene, while the product rich in β-carotene and lutein was obtained at below 30MPa.The product obtained by supercritical CO2 extraction at 40MPa and 60°C contains the highest concentration lycopene of 32.52±1.02g/100g dry material.

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50

İnanç Horuz, Tuğba, e K. Bülent Belibağlı. "Nanoencapsulation by electrospinning to improve stability and water solubility of carotenoids extracted from tomato peels". Food Chemistry 268 (dicembre 2018): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.06.017.

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