Tesi sul tema "Tourisme urbain – Paris (France ; agglomération)"
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Devaux, François. "Les habitants temporaires dans l'espace métropolitain : une approche du sujet à travers l'hébergement touristique, la représentation des acteurs publics et la régulation spatiale dans la métropole parisienne". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024PA01H078.
Testo completoIn 2024, the Paris metropolitan area finds itself at a turning point in its development, marked not only by the Olympic and Paralympic Games but also by the gradual introduction of new transport infrastructures and ongoing debates concerning its governance. This dissertation explores the interaction between these metropolitan dynamics, urban tourism, and tourist accommodations. It is based on the hypothesis that tourism practices have evolved, increasingly blurring the boundaries between tourists and residents, and that tourist accommodation venues can significantly influence neighborhood life and metropolitan development. Short-term rental platforms like Airbnb have played a central role in transforming tourism practices. These rentals are often concentrated in already tourist-heavy neighborhoods, exacerbating issues of segregation and gentrification. Significant disparities thus exist across different areas of the Paris metropolitan region: some of them, already heavily impacted by tourism, require stricter protective measures to prevent excessive pressure on housing, while more peripheral areas present potential for tourism development. Drawing on interviews with actors from local authorities, on quantitative data, and on strategic documents, the study shows that spatial regulation of tourist accommodations emerges as a useful tool for local authorities. By dispersing tourist flows towards peripheral areas, the implementation of such regulation could mitigate the negative effects of “overtourism” and promote a more balanced distribution of activities within Greater Paris. However, the implementation of such regulations faces negative perceptions and institutional challenges, particularly due to the complexity of public action across various scales. These challenges could be alleviated by: - Moving beyond a binary perspective of support or opposition to short-term rentals, - Considering the function of “dwelling” within urban tourism, - And adopting an approach that integrates temporary residents within a holistic framework, which could notably help diversify territories. Such an approach could enable tourism, through accommodation, to become a true component of territorial strategies in a metropolitan context. This would entail the use of various urban planning and regulatory tools, some of which already exist, but would need to be applied in a territorially nuanced manner to better address the issue of competition between tourist accommodations and permanent housing while also capitalizing on the opportunities offered by tourist accommodations
Navarrete, Escobedo David. "La ville globale touristique : réflexion urbanistique sur les effets du tourisme urbain à Paris et Mexico". Thesis, Paris Est, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PEST3009.
Testo completoCantat, Olivier. "Contribution à l'étude des variations du bilan d'énergie en région parisienne : Essai sur les bilans d'énergie dans les grandes métropoles". Paris 4, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA040016.
Testo completoIn the Île-de-France region, the urban concentration, in contrast with the forests and rural environs, causes important local climatic modifications, due to the density of constructions and the emission of heat and pollution linked with urban activities. The ground mesurement network observations has been completed by an analysis of polar orbite satellite remove sensing datas, which allows a new micro-climatologic approach, by giving a quantification and a detailed visualisation of the surface thermal properties and of the albedo in several parts of the solar spectrum. The urbanization has mainly involved an alteration of the radiative exchanges, the development of a "plot of urban heat", a reduction of the humidity rate and the disappearance of the fogs. A contribution to studies of energy balance variations in the region of Paris: essay on energy balance in large cities
Gérardot, Maie. "Tourisme et métropole : analyser le lien entre tourisme, métropole, métropolisation et métropolité par le rythme : l'exemple de Paris". Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010635.
Testo completoTeissonnières, Gilles. "La tour Eiffel : ethnologie d'un espace touristique". Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05H050.
Testo completoThe phenomena of tourism is characterised by specific rythms linked with large quantities of mobility within a certain space. These characteristics necessitate an adapted methodology in order to attain a better understanding of the world, which in certain cases is demarcated less by specific territories. This research rests on ethnography of a touristic space called the Eiffel Tower. The subject of the study is situated in a town amongst a complex interplay of several animated activities. These factors must be taken into account in order to understand what the Eiffel Tower offers as a protean place and a condensed urban milieu. Using a diachronic perspective brings to light a model of a place that is consecrated as a central tourist space. In so far as world tourism is concerned, the Eiffel Tower is part of a transnational movement. It represents a paradigm of globalisation and the appoach of economic tourism, which drives and shapes the form it takes. The underlying implications and logic of this movement are analysed in a cross study of the area that concerns the behaviour and practices of its visitors in a place that is emblematic and defined by the groups that cross and come into contact with it. "The inventory of roles" that comes into play can be understood in a complex dynamic that is inherent in this specific movement. Any examination of these interactions that are established between different protagonists and the different territories superposed bring to the surface many questions in relationship to the "other". The transitory period in a tourist trip can be understood as a liminality phase that is linked to the idea of rites of passage. Taking everything into consideration the reoccurring behaviour of tourists associated and played out in a tourist setting can be understood and analysed as a secular ritual which makes the monument a transitional space in the city
Loisy, Marine. "La place des habitants dans le tourisme : ethnographie d’une forme de résistance sur le territoire parisien". Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0157.
Testo completoIn recent years, some European destinations have faced the emergence of protest movements denouncing the nuisances associated with tourism. Gradually, this phenomenon has, in part, brought inhabitants to the forefront of the tourist scene. This thesis examines the case of the Parisian metropolis, which is one of the leading destinations of world tourism. By putting into perspective the analysis of these developments and the emergence of so-called “participatory” tourism in the capital and in the inner suburbs, it examines the places occupied and the roles played by the inhabitants in the Parisian tourist scene. Based on a multi-site ethnographic survey of the metropolitan area, this research is based, in particular, on participant observation and semi-directive interviews with residents, professionals, and institutional and political representatives. The analysis of permanent residents’ adaptation strategies to the tourist presence thus reveals forms of protest against certain nuisances, signs of accommodation in their daily lives and the proposal of activities and services geared towards a quest for authenticity. Thus, this work proposes to analyse the inhabiting manifestations as a mirror of the rejections observed in other cities, such as Barcelona or Venice, and highlights the process of touristification of ordinary places. First, this thesis presents an overview of tourism in Paris, between a destination perceived as “eternal” and the emergence of inhabitant resistance practices. This allows for a cross-examination of conflictual cohabitation situations experienced by Parisians with the dimension of political issues. It also looks at the participation practices of residents, whose investment is based, in part, on individual choices and the strategies of professional actors. In a second step, the analysis focuses more particularly on the amateur guided tour as a device conducive to the observation of interactions between the visitor and the visited. The hypothesis presented in this research consists of an examination of inhabitant participation as a whole, and this practice of walking in particular, as forms of resistance to “classic” tourism. Finally, as part of a contemporary anthropology of tourism phenomena, this research focuses its attention on the inhabitants as actors involved in reception, orientation, accommodation or guidance. In this way, it looks at the images that the visitors form of the “other of the Other”, that is, of themselves
Rouchi, Camille. "Culture et tourisme à l'ouest du Grand Paris : gouvernance en réseaux pour une métropole culturelle multipolaire". Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H125.
Testo completoThis thesis proposes a geohistorical analysis of cultural policies and their entanglement with metropolisation: from the implementation of major suburban cultural facilities and the creation of new tourist destinations, to the absorption of the Suburbs into new political spheres. All of which compels us to rethink the relations between the Center and its periphery. In that perspective, the geopolitical dynamic, meaning the institutionalization of the “Grand Paris” (Greater Paris) project, undeniably impacts the Ile-de-France area. One only needs to observe the generalized success of polycentrism, the resort to strategies of polarization and clusters, to construe the metropolitan strategies at work. While several territories have embarked on this generalized enthusiasm, which propels culture into creative tropism, some of them possess greater resources. In that regard, the western suburban area acts as a model. The “Vallée de la culture”, with the “île Seguin” project as its figurehead, reiterates the desire to centralize a territory, whose early and continuous enrichment have been patiently built up. Similar dynamics with similar tools of public action are being used by the northern suburban area in an attempt to disrupt this shift of Parisian centrality to the West. Meanwhile, the cultural relegation of the outskirts seems to be ongoing. In that context, does the cultural metropolis constitute a system? How does metropolization create new cultural territories? What is the impact of public action on the metropolitan territory in terms of standardization and differentiation? And finally, what are the new political functions of culture at the time of the “Grand Paris”?
Jolly, Sylvie. "Tourisme et métropolisation : le cas de la méga-région touristique Paris-Reims". Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010630.
Testo completoTourism is now accepted as one of the factors that produce and help us to understand the process of metropolization. Metropolization is initiating profound changes in territories, and scientific research needs to take a fresh look at the problems of urbanisation on this much larger scale. In this context, the mega-region is an emerging urban system and an area of research that requires examination. However, whilst research into large metropolitan areas is on the rise, very little of this work looks at the mega-regional dimension, even though tourism is mentioned as a factor for development at this level. The aim of this research is to study the links between tourism and metropolization by considering tourism as a component that gives structure to mega-regional size metropolitan areas. Our research design is based on a study of the case that we call the “Paris-Reims mega-tourist region”, which includes the Disneyland Paris tourist area. We analyse the dynamics of tourism development within this area, and in particular study the interactions between the local tourist industry players. We concentrate first on the spatial practices and representations of the local authorities and tourist organisations. Then we analyse the international tourism strategies of player in the greater Reims area, and in particular the great Champagne houses, and at the Champagne wine region’s application to become a World Heritage Site
Chauvel, Jeanne. "La question du Grand Paris (2001-2012)". Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020079/document.
Testo completoThe Greater Paris in in 2001 an utopia. However this planning vision for Paris has brought major changes to the Ile-de-France governance regarding urban development from 2001 to 2012. Three processes jointly carried out illustrate this idea: 1- Since 2001 the City of Paris has been encouraging cooperation between local elected representatives. 2- The Ile-de-France regional development plan has been reviewed since 2004 and as of 2008 a governmental urban development project has been formulated. 3- A new governance project which includes the creation of a metropolitan government has been discussed. The Greater Paris project has led to a new ambitious public transportation plan for its suburbs (2010) and the creation of a metropolitan government(2014). All of these achievements are the result of institutional and political conflicts from the last decade.This monography on the Greater Paris illustrates the issue of urban change of scale in thecontext of increased competition between cities. It aims at understanding the standpoints of public actors (the City of Paris, local mayors, the Ile-de-France region, the State): how they intend to use the Greater Paris idea, how they build up their representations of it and what are the institutional resistance against a metropolitan government. The analytical frame of this study combines three change variables - interests, ideas and institutions – to better understand how the Greater Paris project has changed the regional governance (2001-2012)
Lepan, Laurie. "L'espace touristique de la grande ville : une approche par les pratiques et les mobilités touristiques. Le cas de la destination Paris". Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00940107.
Testo completoJégou, Anne. "Territoires, acteurs, enjeux des dynamiques de durabilité urbaine : le cas de la métropole parisienne". Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00681586.
Testo completoKim, Eun Hye. "Les transitions énergétiques urbaines du XIXe au XXIe siècle : de la biomasse aux combustibles fossiles et fissiles à Paris (France)". Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00999911.
Testo completoSimonet, Guillaume. "Enjeux et dynamiques de la mise en œuvre de stratégies d’adaptation aux changements climatiques en milieu urbain : les cas de Montréal et Paris". Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100076/document.
Testo completoDue to the inevitability of human-induced climate change, adaptation of human systems has become a priority of municipal political agendas. However, the implementation of actions on reducing the vulnerability of populations and territories to cope with impacts faces several barriers, including cognitive, organizational and institutional ones. As part of this doctoral research, the 83 semi-structured interviews conducted with professional actors in climate change between Paris and Montreal confirm the idea of a mosaic of social representations generated by the term "adaptation to climate change," which gives rise to various interpretations once implementation started. The qualitative analysis of field data, supported by lexicometric tool, allows to a better understanding regarding logic of actions, including some challenging municipal decisions or those behind organizational dynamics. From these results, the research wants to expose the advent of adaptation to climate change in an urban context of major industrialized countries such as Montreal or Paris can not be equated with a change paradigm, but more like a vehicle helping to implement the precepts of sustainable development, initiated by "sustainable" movements in Rio (1992). Thus, although currently specifically identified in the climate topic, adaptation could quickly become an essential tool for participation in the fabric of the city viable
Vaslin, Julie. "Esthétique propre : la mise en administration des graffitis à Paris : 1977-2017". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2096.
Testo completoIn this PhD, the “graffiti” refers negatively to every practice of wall/mural inscription, which contributes to degrade the “aesthetic order of a city produced by the public authorities. This expression encompasses both the notion of order, that is the political power which is troubled by any graffiti and the aesthetic dimension of this power, something that overtakes the only public expression regulation and is part of the broader government of public spaces. With such a definition, graffiti refers not only to a message, a deviance, a degradation, a cultural practice or even an art, but it also becomes an operating concept for a political science study. This definition as an « aesthetic disorder » leads us to examine the public policies measures which contribute to produce an aesthetic order proper to the city. This reflection also allows to question categorisations, public problems and their effects on common sense constructions, graffiti representations and on the physical, material, aesthetic aspect of the city.As a socio-historical study on public policies, this PhD traces the history of the graffitis’ “administrativisation” in Paris, the production of an aesthetic order in this city from 1977 to 2017. The local council of Paris regulates those paintings as stains, through cleaning policies, with erasure measures, but it also regulates graffitis as cultural objects, through many cultural measures, carried by different sectors of the administration (urban planning, cultural and touristic policies). Tracing the genesis of those measures in the public local administration, we try to understand how the coherence between several administration areas is built, and we show how the graffiti becomes a public problem in this context. Degradation, visual pollution, source of insecurity, popular culture or urban art: from 1977 to 2017, the public problem of “graffiti” has been built around several definitions by local actors. Based on archives, interviews, observations and photographs, this work attempts to outline the diversity of the public local actors’ roles, the problem redefinition’s conditions and its successive agenda settings. In this socio-history of the graffiti’s “administrativisation”, our hypothesis is the following: the graffiti seizure by local authorities is revealing their ambition to monopolise a legitim definition of “the beautiful” public space, a legitim city image. The aim of this PhD is then to identify this legitimacy construction, its historical, social and political conditions of appearance. The demonstration is built on two parts, tracing chronologically the history of two aspects of the graffiti public problem. First, we clarify how local public authorities try to standardize (to norm) the aesthetic of public spaces through cleaning policies that tag the graffiti as a deviance, a source of disorder. Secondly, this analyse will focus on how different public cultural measures progressively promote some forms of graffitis and lead to a normalisation of the urban aesthetic. Finally, we show how urban actors organise the control of urban aesthetic, and which are the social and political issues hold into the production of a certain aesthetic order
Simon, Gwendal. "Pratiques touristiques dans la métropole parisienne : une analyse des mouvements intra-urbains". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00601277.
Testo completoAlbecker, Marie-Fleur. "Recycler les premières couronnes des villes globales : politiques d'aménagement urbain et restructurations des banlieues de Paris et New York". Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010564/document.
Testo completoIn the core of Paris’ and New York metropolitan areas, former industrial spaces have undergone a massive restructuring of their productive and social profile. Global cities have dramatically changed for the past 30 years : their centres have regained economic power, and been gentrified. In particular, “peri-central spaces” or “first suburbs” faced a period of decline and deindustrialization, losing jobs and population, facing pauperization and unemployment. However, from the 1980s on, they are being restructured in connection with their specific spatial position neighbouring the center and are confronted with the impacts of globalization. Most spaces are oriented towards production, attracting office development and business services. Some poles of excellence have particularly gained from this restructuring while their population gentrified, and are competing fiercely for investment. Others are destructured urban areas where the economic and social evolutions are diverging (economic redevelopment versus increased poverty of the residents). Finally, other spaces remain more residential, with diverging social evolutions. Urban policies had a key impact on the evolution of first suburbs, the conjunction of private and public strategies creating the conditions for their redevelopment. This thesis shows that the recent transformation of these territories does not only depend on the local context, but also on long-term heritages and therefore on the choices implemented by local public strategies, be it in two very different contexts. As a matter of facts, urban policies tend to produce similar effects and urban landscapes, mostly because of the dominance of the growth paradigm
Campobenedetto, Daniele. "L’Atelier Parisien d’Urbanisme tra rénovation e forma urbana (1967-1989) : il ruolo di un’agenzia pubblica nella trasformazione dello spazio urbano a Parigi : i casi delle Halles e del secteur de La Villette". Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PEST1091.
Testo completoBetween the end of the 1960s and the 1980s, the city of Paris faced a period of extensive urban transformation and a change in the strategies of this transformation at the same time, in comparison with the heroic Trente Glorieuses. The analysis of these architectural and urban changes and the processes of implementation, are often based on a morphological or a policiy-oriented perspective. Moreover, in France, the study of decision-making processes and urban transformation falls within the scope of social sciences. This has resulted in an unfortunate separation of academic approaches: one focusing on finding the link between the theories of the architectural community or policies and the projects, while the other taking the already transformed urban space as a starting point for social analysis. This research aims to investigate the gap between these two methodological approaches, both influential in France during the 1970s and 1980s, through an urban history-oriented study. The main goal of the thesis is to explore the role of the Atelier Parisien d'Urbanisme (hereafter APUR), a bureaucratic entity charged of several different tasks, within the shift from urban renovation to urban form, concerning the city of Paris.Between 1967 and 1989, the APUR had an essential part in translating the aforementioned shift into operative terms, in connection with those institutions that had the power to transform large areas of the French capital. This was possible thanks to a negotiation process involving different institutions , as well as architects and urban designers, in which APUR took a major role. In this context the research will also investigate the relationship between the cultural references and the processes through which urban spaces have been converted. Two case studies allow an analysis of these urban changes and of the role played by the APUR: the transformations of the Halles Centrales of Paris, and the projects for the secteur de la Villette, especially those for Place Stalingrad (Bernard Huet, 1985-89) and Parc de la Villette during the first competition organized by APUR (1976).These two cases are intertwined. On one hand, they illustrate a cultural point of view; on the other hand, they give an account of institutional and political processes, showing a transformation that occurred throughout the whole city. Finally, they cross the trajectory of some of the most emblematic figures in French architecture at that time. One of them was Bernard Huet, a teacher, theorist, critic and designer who played an fundamental role in the definition of a new cultural paradigm. The research shows a change in the process of transformation of urban space in Paris. The practices shifted from projects which were generated through vivid debate, strongly linked to contemporary French social sciences, to a later standardization of urban projects and urban imaginaire and a cultural legitimation of APUR. The central role of APUR in the two case studies is analysed by comparing the Atelier's archives, the ones of the architects involved in the urban projects as well as the ministerial and presidential ones. Oral sources are restricted to a control role. In the end this work aims to highlight the process of city-making trough the role of a public bureaucracy within urban transformations: an active contribution which led, between 1967 and 1989, to the definition of the contemporary conception of the city of Paris
Peiffer-Smadja, Océane. "Gouvernance foncière et développement commercial en périphérie de Paris et Londres : quels impacts sur les formes urbaines et sur les inégalités territoriales ?" Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLA021.
Testo completoMy work deals with land governance and control of urban expansion in the peripheral areas of large metropolis. I address the following issues: what public tools and modalities of action do public authorities use to control urban development in peripheral territories? What impacts do land policies have on urban patterns and do they contribute to tackling spatial inequalities? While presenting and taking into account the institutional and legal frameworks of land management in both countries, the study focuses on public tools used in the peripheral areas of London and Paris. My methodology includes a comparative analysis of land use policies and land governance systems in France and England. I use spatial statistics and econometric methods and we have chosen to investigate public tools dedicated to retail development in order to bring some concrete insights into land use policies. The first article deals with land use conflicts in France and England. I then study land policies dedicated to retail in order to assess what use local authorities make of them (article 2), their impacts on urban patterns (article 3) and their role in fighting against spatial inequalities (article 4)
Rideau, Géraldine. "L'esprit de la ville. Regards croisés sur la place parisienne. Du temps des embellissements à celui de la science de villes, XVIIIEME - XXEME siècles". Thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VERS021S.
Testo completoThe square is part of the representation of the city that each human group develops during a specific time in a specific place. It became a prestigious urban form under the influence of an intellectual and cultural idea which took shape in the high spheres of society during the modern era. Stemming from this premise, this thesis aims to understand what the square, as reflected in its representations, stood for from the second half of the 18th century to the beginning of the 20th century. The corpus is based on texts which vary from architectural theory to visitors’ guides. In order to better decipher changes as well as permanencies and to question their archetypal or paradigmatic value, the Parisian square is observed through texts published during two moments of expectations, interrogations and urban projections: 1740-1840 and 1890-1920, two moments which border a short and intense time of structural transformations. This research aims to explore whether and how the square participated in the notion of embellishment in the sense used since the 18th century. Another aim is to measure the role the authors give to the square in the restructuring of the city and in its valorisation, the extreme form being the survival of the myth of Paris as “the most beautiful city of the Universe”. These multiples narratives reflect the image of a polysemic square which underwent different kinds of transformations. At each moment, the square tells a specific idea of urban space related to anticipation or reactive action. Thus, this thesis takes into account this dialectic relation and hopes to help understanding how the discourse on the square is a commentary on urban being at large
Bognon, Sabine. "Les transformations de l'approvisionnement alimentaire dans la métropole parisienne : trajectoire socio-écologique et construction de proximités". Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010578.
Testo completoCities are not meant to produce their own livelihood, and so, they are an interesting starting point to the study of the food system. Based on a threefold theoretical framework – territorial ecology, socio-ecological paths and transitions, and proximity strategies – this thesis aims at a multidisciplinary analysis attesting how the food system has been evolving inside the Paris metropolis. The thesis gives a detailed account of the food supply’s socio-ecological trajectory, from the end of the Ancien Régime to the present day. The 2010-2011 turning point settles new initiatives aiming at proximity foodsheds – which had hitherto been ignored altogether or considered marginal and minor. Reterritorialization of the supply is the result of social constructions of geographical and organized proximities. This work also investigates the policies of three food-system stakeholders (public, community and private) regarding an impending transition in the socio-ecological pathway that would imply a merger between production and consumption foodsheds
Hascoet, Yannick. "Vers une modification de l'image de la cite d'habitat social ? : lisières métropolitaines et détours « récréa(r)tistes » (Marseille, Paris, Montréal)". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2163/document.
Testo completoThis thesis concerns the development of tourism and art practices in the metropolitan outskirts, in particular in the social housing projects (1950-1970). The central question addressed is : how can tourism and art be a factor of promotion of districts stigmatized by media and political discourse ? Are the studied practices pioneering ? To answer these questions, we selected three fieldworks: the northern suburbs of Marseille, the Northern and South-Eastern suburbs of Paris and a Canadian public housing project, the Habitations Jeanne-Mance in Montréal. Our qualitative study explains that the development of tourism and art practices in the edge of the metropolis questions the production of knowledge on stigmatized areas. Therefore, they involve political, aesthetic and economic issues
Lee, Chang-Woon. "L'impact de l'efficacité du transport urbain sur la productivité de la ville". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523622.
Testo completoBréville, Benoît. ""Inner city" montréalais et banlieue parisienne, politiques et stratégies de lutte contre la pauvreté urbaine : la politique de la ville à Hochelaga-Maisonneuve (Canada) et Saint-Denis (France), années 1960-début des années 2000". Thèse, Paris 1, 2011. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5483/1/D2407v1.pdf.
Testo completoLehec, Elisabeth. "La remise en cause des services urbains en réseau : une approche par la technique : le cas du compostage des déchets en pied d'immeuble à Paris". Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H081/document.
Testo completoThis thesis studies collective composting devices in Île-de-France (Paris region). As the traditional network infrastructure of waste disposal has coped with the reduction of waste flows with difficulty, local governments in charge of waste management have developed alternative collective composting systems since the beginning of the 2000s. Composting bins allowing users to recycle bio-waste locally were seen as a solution to current problems in urban services transformation. As a starting point, this work observes that service users involved in local composting are particularly motivated, and that the technical process they are involved in seems more complex than selective sorting. Thus, the thesis argues that collective composting cannot any longer be considered as a waste management device, but as a technology, in the anthropological meaning of the term. In that way, composting appears as a socialized action in which inhabitants take biological matters in charge, transforming them into compost for a variety of reasons and objectives analyzed in this thesis. First, this work shows how the French State and local governments developed collective composting more like a communication tool than a real technological device, as if institutions involved in waste management were trapped in a traditional urban technical network while still trying to transform it. As a result, alternative waste devices were disqualified from the field of serious technological solutions. The second part of this thesis offers a technological study of collective home composting in order to understand how it precisely works. This thesis uses the anthropological concept of “chaînes opératoires” which allows to examine every stage of the composting process, by studying how biological matters (in this case, bio-waste) are transformed, with which kind of tool (shovel, composting bins, garden)
Riboulot-Chetrit, Mathilde. "Les habitants et leur jardin : relations au vivant, pratiques de jardinage et biodiversité au coeur de l'agglomération parisienne". Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H058.
Testo completoThis thesis investigates the role of inhabitants and their garden in the management of ordinary biodiversity, based on three towns located within the Greater Paris. This core issue leads us to explore the inhabitants-gardeners' sensitivity towards the living world, to assess the connection between this sensitivity and gardening techniques and, more fundamentally, to consider the link between this sensitivity towards the living, gardening practices and the biodiversity that exists in domestic gardens. This study is based on a database mainly composed of a questionnaire survey (585), enriched by iconographic material (110 pictures taken by the respondents) and by 59 botanical surveys conducted by ecologists. Thus, we demonstrate that inhabitants develop a multidimensional connection with their garden in which nature, order and aesthetics play a central role. Within these plural connections, we identify as biophilic the respondents who justify their interest for the garden by a specific care for the living. Domestic gardens are thus the support to a particular connection to biodiversity distinguished by gardening techniques more considerate of the living. We implement an Index to gauge the state of the Potential Biodiversity in Gardens (IPBG). This index reveals that gardens, areas undertaken by inhabitants-gardeners, are also areas of biodiversity, furthermore when their owners are considered as biophilic. With the aim of improving biodiversity in private green areas, we propose to overstep the connection to nature advocated in several scientific work and by governmental policies, and to encourage a connection to the living and a new aesthetic of the garden
Vergopoulos, Hécate. "Tourisme et curiosités : approche communicationnelle du légendaire dans les guides de voyage imprimés". Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00585410.
Testo completoThébault, Emma. "La ville à fleur d'eau : doctrines, techniques et aménagements de l'eau de pluie et des cours d'eau dans l'agglomération parisienne, 1970-2015". Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H100.
Testo completoSince the 2010s, strategic local policies concerning urban resilience and biodiversity support are being promoted, focusing on ways to renew urban water management. Research points however, to the low effectiveness or efficiency of such urban environmental policies, and questions the need of renewing the relationship between the environment and the city. Other researches put forward that a major change occurs in urban rainwater management since the 1970s. We follow the idea of an ecological and climatic transformation of rainwater and urban rivers management since the 1970s. Three hypotheses underlie this thesis. First, based on ecological and climatic principles, a technical management doctrine transforms the urban water engineering. Secondly, urban hydrology has experienced a shift, carried out by new techniques. Thirdly, this technical doctrine has extended to urban planning and design. We tested the hypotheses by the study of a corpus of guides and technical documents produced between 1970 and 2015; of an inventory of techniques; and of five case-studies, completed with interviews with professionals. The study found that ecology is present, but as an auxiliary to sanitation principles. An ecological ethic is incorporated into technical doctrines : the use of living organisms in engineering is partially based their supposed superior effectiveness in spatial planning. The hydrology of the Paris metropolitan area seems to be marginally evolving. Urban neighborhoods are not transformed by water management : urban water spaces and facilities remain tenuous, discontinuous, underlying and preceded by other logics of spatial organization
Burnet, Valérie. "Profil de la métropole culturelle : évaluation des indicateurs à travers les cas de Marseille et Montréal". Mémoire, 2013. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5974/1/M13171.pdf.
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