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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Trade liberalisation"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 25 luglio 2025

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1

Ahmed, Gulzar, Muhammad Arshad Khan, Tahir Mahmood, and Muhammad Afzal. "Trade Liberalisation and Industrial Productivity: Evidence from Manufacturing Industries in Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 56, no. 4 (2017): 319–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v56i4pp.319-348.

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This study examines the impact of trade liberalisation on the industrial productivity for a panel of twenty seven 3-digit manufacturing industries in Pakistan over the period 1980-2006. Using a variant of the Cobb-Douglas production function for industrial sector, we estimated output elasticities. The results show positive output elasticities with respect to labour, capital and raw materials for the pre-trade liberalisation period (1981 –1995) as well as post-trade liberalisation period (1996-2006). For the pre-liberalisation period, we observe positive output elasticity with respect to energy

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2

Ali, Basit, Farhad Nazari, Kiran Mustafa, Kamaran Qader Yaqub, and Mazhar Ali Alyani. "Impact of Trade Liberalization on Economic Growth in Developing Countries." Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE) 13, no. 2 (2024): 1128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.61506/01.00472.

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In order to investigate the impact of trade liberalisation on economic growth, this paper analyses the existing research on trade liberalisation and growth, revises the well-used Sachs and Warner (1995) trade liberalisation index for 193 countries up to 2010, and applies a dynamic growth model to a substantial panel data set covering the years 1985 to 2010. The results suggest that the impact of trade liberalisation on economic growth differs depending on the industrial development level of a country. Lower-middle-income countries, on average, experience a minimum 3% greater advantage from the

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3

Ikpe, Marius, Richard Okey Ojike, and Kenneth Onyeanuna Ahamba. "Does Trade Liberalisation Policy Enhance Performance of Non-Oil Export Trade in Nigeria?" Foreign Trade Review 55, no. 2 (2020): 248–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0015732519894161.

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Decades after the trade liberalisation policy shift, poor performance problem of non-oil export in Nigeria (a net-oil exporting economy) persists. Against this backdrop, and given the lack of analytical depth among Nigerian-specific studies, this study empirically provided answer to the question of whether trade liberalisation policy enhances non-oil export trade in Nigeria. The study adopted an Autoregressive Distributed Lag model approach to the analysis of the impact of trade liberalisation policy on non-oil export trade. Evidence provided support for trade liberalisation policy as the grow

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4

Raza, Werner. "The WTO – a driving force for the liberalisation of public services in the EU?" Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 14, no. 2 (2008): 277–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425890801400208.

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Liberalisation of public services can be implemented not only through autonomous legislative action by individual countries, but also as a consequence of obligations arising from membership of supranational or international organisations. This article analyses how the process of the commodification of services at the level of the WTO, i.e. via the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), interacts with the politics of trade and services liberalisation in the European Union. Thus, we highlight the specific role of services negotiations in the WTO for the political dynamics of liberalising

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5

Dixon, Huw. "Trade Liberalisation and Growth." Economic Journal 108, no. 450 (1998): 1511–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0297.00357.

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6

Oslington, Paul. "Unemployment and Trade Liberalisation." World Economy 28, no. 8 (2005): 1139–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2005.00723.x.

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7

Bulagi, Mushoni, Tshepo Maxwell Lebepe, and Jan Johannes Hlongwane. "Economic Analysis of the Determinants of Citrus Exports in South Africa Post the Era of Trade Liberalisation." Wieś i Rolnictwo, no. 2 (199) (August 4, 2023): 137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.53098/wir022023/06.

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The purpose of the study was to analyse the determinants of South African citrus exports post era of trade liberalisations using secondary data from 1996 to 2018. The Johansen Cointegration model was used to test the long-run relationship between the citrus export and the determinants in the post era of trade liberalisation and Ordinary Least Squares regression was used to determine the relationship between citrus export in South Africa and the selected determinants post the era of trade liberalisation. The results of the Johansen Cointegration model show the existence of a long-run equilibriu

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8

Gboyega, Adegoju Samuel, Tella Sheriffdeen, and Oseni Isiaq Olasunkanmi. "The Impact of Trade Liberalisation On Corruption in Nigeria (1990-2022)." International Journal of Developing and Emerging Economies 12, no. 1 (2024): 94–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/ijdee.13/vol12n194108.

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The Nigerian economy needs more investment, even after adopting a policy of trade liberalisation. Foreign capital inflows could help, but corruption is a major barrier. This study focused on how trade liberalisation affects corruption in Nigeria from 1990 to 2022. Secondary data collected from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin report 2022. while data on control of corruption was sourced from World Governance Indicator and the data were analyzed applying the auto-regressive distributed lag model (ARDL). The results from the ARDL estimates demonstrated that in the short run at 5%

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9

Gnangnon, Sèna Kimm. "Effect of Aid for Trade Unpredictability on Trade Policy in Recipient-Countries." Arthaniti: Journal of Economic Theory and Practice 19, no. 2 (2019): 177–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0976747919876708.

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This article examines the effect of the unpredictability of Aid for Trade (AfT) flows on trade policy in 124 recipient-countries, of which 42 are least developed countries (LDCs), over the period 2002–2016. The analysis shows that while AfT flows exert a positive effect on trade policy liberalisation, AfT unpredictability induces the adoption of restrictive trade policies. These results apply to LDCs and other countries, although the magnitude of the negative effect of AfT unpredictability on trade policy liberalisation is higher for LDCs than for other countries. Furthermore, AfT unpredictabi

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10

McCaig, Brian, and Margaret S. McMillan. "Trade Liberalisation and Labour Market Adjustment in Botswana." Journal of African Economies 29, no. 3 (2019): 236–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jafeco/ejz027.

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Abstract We study the effects of domestic trade liberalisation on labour markets in Botswana. South Africa is the dominant member of the Southern Africa Customs Union. As such, when South Africa liberalised trade in the 1990s, this induced large and plausibly exogenous tariff reductions for the other customs union members, including Botswana. Using labour force surveys from Botswana spanning a decade, we find that trade liberalisation did not affect the relative size of industries in terms of employment. However, trade liberalisation had effects within industries. We find an increase in the pr

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11

Khan, Muhammad Arshad, and Abdul Qayyum. "Trade Liberalisation, Financial Sector Reforms, and Growth." Pakistan Development Review 45, no. 4II (2006): 711–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v45i4iipp.711-731.

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The relationship between trade liberalisation, financial reforms and economic growth has been well-documented in the economic literature. A considerable body of literature suggests a strong and positive link between trade liberalisation, financial development and economic growth. It has been argued that trade and financial liberalisation policies reduce the inefficiency in the production process and positively influence economic growth. This argument is strengthened by the fact that countries with more open trade and financial policies may grow faster than those with restricted trade and finan

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12

LEIGHT, JESSICA. "The Political Dynamics of Agricultural Liberalisation in the US-Chile Free Trade Agreement." Journal of Latin American Studies 40, no. 2 (2008): 225–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x08003970.

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AbstractThe 2003 US-Chile free trade agreement, regarded by many as consistent with Chile's long-held trade liberalisation strategy, nonetheless engendered a surprisingly vigorous debate focused on the proposed elimination of the bandas de precio protecting traditional agricultural crops. Opposition to the agreement, mounted by the conservative Alianza por Chile, offers an intriguing political case study that suggests that populist posturing surrounding free trade agreements may persist long after a trade liberalisation strategy has become well-established. This article argues that agricultura

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13

Iqbal, Javed, Misbah Nosheen, and Syed Nawab Haider Naqvi. "Trade Shocks and Labour Adjustment: Evidence from Pakistan’s Manufacturing Industries." Pakistan Development Review 54, no. 3 (2015): 197–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v54i3pp.197-214.

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The present study is an attempt to explore the impact of trade liberalisation on employment and wages of production and non-production workers in large scale manufacturing industries of Pakistan. We use a sample of 18 industrial establishments with a time series data covering a period 1970-71 to 2005-06. In order to account for endogeniety problem, this study uses the Generalised Method of Moments (GMM). The study comes up with the findings that trade liberalisation has significantly negative impact on employment of both production and non-production workers. On the other hand, trade liberalis

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14

Siddiqui, Rizwana, and A. R. Kemal. "Remittances, Trade Liberalisation, and Poverty in Pakistan: The Role of Excluded Variables in Poverty Change Analysis." Pakistan Development Review 45, no. 3 (2006): 383–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v45i3pp.383-415.

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This paper explores the impact of two shocks, trade liberalisation policies and decline in remittances, on welfare and poverty in Pakistan. It begins by reviewing the economy, which reveals that during the Nineties although import tariffs were reduced by 55 percent, poverty however remained higher in this period than in the Eighties. At the same time, Pakistan has experienced a slow down in the inflow of remittances, which reduces the incomes of households and puts pressure on the exchange rate resulting in reduction in the inflow of imports despite a reduction in import duties. Thus, in the a

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15

Pacheco-López, Penélope, and Anthony P. Thirlwall. "HAS TRADE LIBERALISATION IN POOR COUNTRIES DELIVERED THE PROMISES EXPECTED?" PANORAMA ECONÓMICO 4, no. 8 (2017): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.29201/pe-ipn.v4i8.86.

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Trade liberalisation has not lived up to its promises. But the basic logic of trade –its potential to make most, if not all, better off– remains. Trade is not a zero-sum game in which those who win do so at the cost of others; it is, or at least can be, a positive-sum game, in which everybody is a winner. If that potential is to be realised, first we must reject two of the long-standing premises of trade liberalisation: that trade liberalisation automatically leads to more trade and growth, and that growth will automatically “trickle down” to benefit all. Neither is consistent with economic th

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16

Lloyd, Peter J. "Sector-Based Negotiations in APEC and the WTO." International Area Review 3, no. 1 (2000): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/223386590000300102.

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This paper looks at the APEC process of trade liberalisation and, in particular, at the Early Voluntary Sector Liberalisation approach to industrial trade liberalisation and facilitation. It also examines the GATTAVTO experience with sector-based negotiations. The experience in both APEC and the GATTAVTO is that sector-based negotiations make it more difficult to achieve trade-offs in negotiations. The paper finds that the EVSL proposal is very limited in its scope and likely benefits, and the experiment should not be repeated.

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17

Loots, Elsabe. "Globalisation and economic growth in South Africa: Do we benefit from trade and financial liberalisation?" South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 6, no. 2 (2003): 218–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v6i2.3311.

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This article investigates whether the process of globalisation, through trade and financial liberalisation, benefits economic growth in emerging market economies in general and in South Africa in particular. The analysis of trade openness and liberalisation in emerging market economies reveals that trade volume has a relative small impact on GDP per capita, while trade liberalisation led to an approximate 50 per cent increase on GDP per capita. The analysis of the financial dimension showed that capital account openness is associated with a 34 per cent increase in real GDP per capita growth ov

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18

Yasmin, Bushra, and Aliya H. Khan. "Trade Liberalisation and Labour Demand Elasticities: Empirical Evidence for Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 44, no. 4II (2005): 1067–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v44i4iipp.1067-1089.

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Trade has predominantly contributed in the development of world economies for more than mere agricultural development and industrialisation. Trade involves many regions across the globe. The more the regions involved, the more will be the benefits. Trade is an interaction between economies for the exchange of goods, services, skills, knowledge and expertise, which is required for bringing in the desired changes like increase in the availability of choices, reduction of extreme poverty, and enhancement of physical and mental capability. As the wave of market oriented moves has spread over the e

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19

Bashir, Zulfiqar. "The Impacts of Economic Reforms and Trade Liberalisation on Agricultural Export Performance in Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 42, no. 4II (2003): 941–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v42i4iipp.941-960.

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Economic reforms and trade liberalisation policies have been widely adopted in developing countries in recent years. Pakistan is no exception. This paper focuses on the effects of economic reform policies on the agricultural export performance. A number of studies have investigated the effects of trade liberalisation on export growth in developing countries, and have reached inconclusive results. Some studies have identified positive effects of trade liberalisation on export performance [Krueger (1997); Bleaney (1999); and Ahmed (2002)], others confirmed an insignificant or even a negative rel

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20

SAUNDERS, CAROLINE, and SELIM CAGATAY. "TRADE AND THE ENVIRONMENT: ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF GLOBAL DAIRY TRADE LIBERALISATION." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 06, no. 03 (2004): 339–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333204001766.

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This paper presents a partial equilibrium model of dairy sector international trade which has been extended to include physical dairy production systems and their effect on water quality. This combined model, LTEM (Lincoln Trade and Environment Model), is then used to simulate the effects of liberalisation policies on trade flows, dairy production systems and groundwater nitrate levels across different countries. The results show expected variation in price and production impacts, but also varying effects on groundwater quality between and within countries. More specifically, whilst liberalisa

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21

Shakti Kumar, Shakti Kumar. "Trade Liberalisation and its Impact on the Economy." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 9 (2012): 99–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/sep2013/36.

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22

Chile, Love, and D. Talukder. "Agricultural trade liberalisation and price volatility in Bangladesh and Tanzania: a comparative analysis." Africanus: Journal of Development Studies 44, no. 2 (2015): 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/0304-615x/70.

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This paper examines the impacts of agricultural trade liberalisation on the welfare of smallholder farmers in Bangladesh and Tanzania. Using secondary data for the pre and postliberalisation periods for two main agricultural crops from Bangladesh (rice) and Tanzania (maize) we analysed the correlation between domestic and international prices of rice and maize to investigate impacts of agricultural trade liberalisation on price stability/volatility and food security with a view to analysing the economic benefits of trade liberalisation for smallholder farmers. To understand price volatility, w

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23

Chhikara, Komal. "Trade Liberalisation and Poverty Reduction: A Systematic Literature Review." Journal of Commerce and Accounting Research 14, no. 2 (2025): 29–50. https://doi.org/10.21863/jcar/2025.14.2.004.

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This study explores the relationship between trade liberalisation and poverty reduction in developing countries. Advocates argue that increased trade liberalisation can drive economic growth, create employment opportunities, and improve living standards for the poor. However, critics express concerns about potential negative consequences, such as increased income inequality and job losses. The study aims to answer three key questions: 1) To what extent does trade liberalisation contribute to poverty reduction? 2) What are the specific channels through which trade liberalisation influences pove

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24

Glebe, Thilo, and Uwe Latacz-Lohmann. "Agricultural multifunctionality and trade liberalisation." Cahiers d'Economie et sociologie rurales 82, no. 1 (2007): 57–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/reae.2007.2045.

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25

Motta, Massimo. "Sunk Costs and Trade Liberalisation." Economic Journal 102, no. 412 (1992): 578. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2234294.

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26

Horn, Henrik, and James Levinsohn. "Merger Policies and Trade Liberalisation." Economic Journal 111, no. 470 (2001): 244–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0297.00607.

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27

Amiti, Mary. "Trade Liberalisation of Intermediate Inputs." Australian Economic Review 33, no. 4 (2000): 299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8462.00160.

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Baldwin, Richard E., and Rikard Forslid. "Trade liberalisation and endogenous growth." Journal of International Economics 50, no. 2 (2000): 497–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1996(99)00008-2.

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29

Forteza, Alvaro, and Rossana Patrón. "Trade Liberalisation with Costly Adjustment." Journal of Applied Economics 6, no. 1 (2003): 95–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15140326.2003.12040587.

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Stratford, Jean Slemmons, Juri Stratford, and Vivienne Monty. "Trade liberalisation: Global economic implications." Journal of Government Information 21, no. 5 (1994): 496–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1352-0237(94)90027-2.

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31

Buckwell, Allan, and John Medland. "The effects of trade liberalisation." European Economic Review 35, no. 2-3 (1991): 552–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-2921(91)90157-e.

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Nguyen, Trien T., and Randall M. Wigle. "Trade liberalisation with imperfect competition." European Economic Review 36, no. 1 (1992): 17–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-2921(92)90014-n.

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33

Ryan, Cillian. "Trade Liberalisation and Financial Services." World Economy 13, no. 3 (2008): 349–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.1990.tb00600.x.

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Kneller, Richard, C. W. Morgan, and Sunti Kanchanahatakij. "Trade Liberalisation and Economic Growth." World Economy 31, no. 6 (2008): 701–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2008.01101.x.

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Nielsen, Max. "Modelling fish trade liberalisation: Does fish trade liberalisation result in welfare gains or losses?" Marine Policy 33, no. 1 (2009): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2008.03.010.

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Osiemo, Onsando. "A Bridge Too Far: Africa’s Food Security and the WTO Agreement on Agriculture." African Journal of International and Comparative Law 32, no. 4 (2024): 478–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ajicl.2024.0501.

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Food and agriculture were largely treated as exceptions from the GATT disciplines. The GATT Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) initiated a long-term process of trade liberalisation in agriculture. Food security is among the objectives of the AoA. Trade liberalisation in agriculture, the removal of protectionism, and tariffs in agricultural trade are envisioned as food security enhancing. However, although African countries embraced the WTO AoA, they have failed to liberalise their agricultural trade in line with the disciplines of the AoA. African countries have missed out on the ben

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Permani, Risti. "The Impacts of Trade Liberalisation and Technological Change on GDP Growth in Indonesia: A Meta Regression Analysis." Global Economy Journal 11, no. 4 (2011): 1850242. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1524-5861.1782.

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Twelve selected studies investigating effects of trade liberalisation in Indonesia resulting in 25 point estimates are included in the Meta Regression Analysis to assess the growth-enhancing effects of trade liberalisation and technological change. Given high variation across studies, this study finds no robust evidence of the positive impacts of a tariff cut on economic growth rates. However, it finds robust evidence of the growth-enhancing effects of technological change. This study also finds that studies which are published assuming increasing return to scale, focusing on non-agricultural

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Azhar, Usman, Samina Khalil, and Mohsin Hasnain Ahmed. "Environmental Effects of Trade Liberalisation: A Case Study of Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 46, no. 4II (2007): 645–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v46i4iipp.645-655.

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Within today’s global economy countries now trade more intensively and frequently than in the past. Trade has become an increasingly important global economic activity, with annual trade volumes increasing sixteen fold over the last fifty years and the ratio of world exports to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) now approaching twenty percent. With this recent acceleration of global trade, countries throughout the world have benefited from more investment, industrial development, and employment and income growth. Other positive effects include increased mobility of capital, increased ease of movemen

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Derado, Dražen. "THE EFFECTS OF TRADE LIBERALISATION AMONG THE SOUTH EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES." Tourism and hospitality management 12, no. 1 (2006): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20867/thm.12.1.1.

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Trade liberalisation brings long-term benefits. Nonetheless, in order to be able to realise those benefits, a creation of a competitive economic structure is required, which would make it possible to successfully participate in the international division of labour. Building from this fact, this paper analyzes the effects of trade liberalisation between the SEEC. To that end, a method of intra-industry trade has been applied on the example of Croatia, in order to establish dynamic effects of changes in trade flows. Low level of trade integration and weak midterm growth prospects in inter-sector

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Selvarajan, Sonia Kumari. "The Nexus between Economic Liberalisation and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from ASEAN, China, and India." Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business 3, no. 2 (2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17687/jeb.v3i2.38.

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The main objective of this paper is to examine the impact of economic liberalisation on economic growth. This paper also explores the relationship between trade and financial liberalisation. The analysis focuses on all ASEAN countries as well as China and India. Using the Generalised Method of Moment (GMM) dynamic panel data analysis, this paper finds that economic liberalisation is significantly related to economic growth in ASEAN6 and CLMV. For ASEAN, China, and India as a whole, trade openness has no significant impact on economic growth. However, a strong financial growth nexus exists. In

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Selisho, Joseph, and Professor Jotham C. Momba. "Contribution of the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa in Poverty Alleviation: A Case of Trade Liberalisation in Zambia." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VIII, no. I (2024): 2137–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2024.801157.

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Background: This study was undertaken due to high levels of poverty in the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) Member States. The overall objective of the study was to explore the contribution of COMESA in the fight against poverty in Africa, a case study of Zambia from 2010-2021. The specific objective in this article was to explore the Contribution of the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa in Poverty Alleviation, a case of trade liberalisation in Zambia. The study employed qualitative approach with an exploratory research design and critical case sampling to cho

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Wang, Yu-Ter, Bih-Jane Liu, and Pan-Long Tsai. "Trade Policy and Economic Integration in a Cournot Duopoly Model." Pakistan Development Review 43, no. 3 (2004): 239–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v43i3pp.239-251.

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This paper investigates the policy and welfare implications of forming an economic region in the context of a Cournot duopoly model. Some theoretical results are obtained. First, the economic region lowers the external tariff (against non-partner countries) less than its pre-integration level when a sufficiently large subsidy on the imports from the partner is carried out. Second, economic integration reduces the non-partner country’s welfare. Third, although the region still gains from integration even under some partial trade liberalisation regimes, complete trade liberalisation within the r

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Salman, Zara, and Mariam Javed. "The Impact of Trade Liberalisation on Wage Inequality: Case of Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 50, no. 4II (2011): 575–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v50i4iipp.575-595.

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This paper examines whether trade liberalisation played a role in shaping the wage structure of Pakistan in the late 1990s and early 2000. It uses manufacturing workers data from LFS supplemented by external information to analyse the impact of trade liberalisation. In general, the results show that trade liberalisation, measured through import penetration ratio, export penetration ratio and relative prices of each industry, not only impacted wages but also increased wage inequality across skill levels from 1996-97 to 2005-06. The econometrics analysis confirms that increase in import penetrat

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Stern, Robert M. "Trade in Financial Services—Has the IMF been Involved Constructively?" Margin: The Journal of Applied Economic Research 5, no. 1 (2011): 65–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097380101000500105.

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This paper considers the key policy issues related to liberalisation of trade in financial services that the International Monetary Fund (IMF) should be concerned with, and the role the IMF has played in advising on policies related to trade in financial services in its bilateral and multilateral surveillance and in conditionality attached to lending programmes. The IMF staff were generally aware of the literature and country experiences showing the benefits of financial liberalisation. But Fund advice in support of liberalisation can be best interpreted to be in support of country unilateral

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Klimczak, Łukasz. "Trade Liberalisation and Export Performance of the Western Balkans." MONTENEGRIN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 12, no. 2 (2016): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14254/1800-5845.2016/12-1/3.

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Kirkpatrick, Colin, Clive George, and Serban S. Scrieciu. "Trade Liberalisation in Environmental Services: Why So Little Progress?" Global Economy Journal 6, no. 2 (2006): 1850089. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1524-5861.1174.

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Abstract (sommario):

WTO-led trade liberalisation in environmental services is often seen as having considerable potential for generating 'win-win' outcomes for the economy and the environment. Despite this, progress in liberalising environmental services within the GATS framework has been limited. This paper argues that a major barrier to progress in environmental services liberalisation is uncertainty about the development impact of environmental services liberalisation in developing countries. We develop this argument using the example of water services, where market opening needs to be accompanied by effective

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Oberti, Martina. "THE OTHER SIDE OF TRADE LIBERALISATION." Amsterdam Law Forum 13, no. 1 (2021): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.37974/alf.401.

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Gnangnon, Sèna Kimm. "Multilateral Trade Liberalisation and Financial Openness." Economic Affairs 38, no. 3 (2018): 325–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecaf.12310.

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Bressie, Kent, Michael Kende, and Howard Williams. "Telecommunications trade liberalisation and the WTO." info 7, no. 2 (2005): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14636690510587199.

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Rattso, J., and R. Torvik. "Zimbabwean trade liberalisation: ex post evaluation." Cambridge Journal of Economics 22, no. 3 (1998): 325–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.cje.a013719.

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