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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Triticum turgidum subsp. durum"
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Clarke, J. M., R. E. Knox, R. M. DePauw, F. R. Clarke, M. R. Fernandez, T. N. McCaig e A. K. Singh. "Brigade durum wheat". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 89, n. 3 (1 maggio 2009): 505–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps08168.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Brigade durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] is adapted to the durum production area of the Canadian prairies. It combines yield similar to the checks, very strong gluten, and low grain cadmium concentration. Brigade has better straw strength than Strongfield, slightly later maturity, and Fusarium head blight resistance better than other currently registered Canadian durum cultivars.Key words: Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn., durum wheat, cultivar description, yield, protein, disease resistance
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Clarke, J. M., R. E. Knox, R. M. DePauw, F. R. Clarke, T. N. McCaig, M. R. Fernandez e A. K. Singh. "Eurostar durum wheat". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 89, n. 2 (1 marzo 2009): 317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps08129.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Eurostar durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] is adapted to the durum production area of the Canadian prairies. It combines high grain yield, high grain protein concentration, very strong gluten, and low grain cadmium concentration. Eurostar has similar straw strength to Strongfield, and slightly later maturity and similar disease resistance to other currently registered durum cultivars. Key words: Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn., durum wheat, cultivar description, yield, protein, disease resistance
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Singh, A. K., J. M. Clarke, R. M. DePauw, R. E. Knox, F. R. Clarke, M. R. Fernandez e T. N. McCaig. "Enterprise durum wheat". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 90, n. 3 (1 maggio 2010): 353–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps09147.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Enterprise durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] is adapted to the durum production area of the Canadian prairies. It combines high grain yield, grain protein concentration, test weight, yellow grain pigment, and low grain cadmium concentration. Enterprise has slightly weaker straw strength, similar days to maturity, and improved fusarium head blight resistance compared with strongfield. Key words: Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn., durum wheat, cultivar description, grain yield, yellow pigment, cadmium
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Tamburic-Ilincic, Lily, Arend Smid e Carl Griffey. "OAC Amber winter durum wheat". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 92, n. 5 (settembre 2012): 973–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2011-164.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Tamburic-Ilincic, L., Smid, A. and Griffey, C. 2012. OAC Amber winter durum wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 973–975. OAC Amber is the first winter durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum L.) cultivar registered for Ontario, Canada. It is an awned wheat with amber colored kernels, high test weight, kernel weight, and protein level with good winter hardiness. OAC Amber has good resistance to leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) but is moderately susceptible to powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis) and leaf blotch (Septoria tritici), and susceptible to Fusarium head blight (FHB). OAC Amber is well adapted for the winter wheat growing areas of Ontario.
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Singh, A. K., J. M. Clarke, R. E. Knox, R. M. DePauw, T. N. McCaig, M. R. Fernandez e F. R. Clarke. "Transcend Durum wheat". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 92, n. 4 (luglio 2012): 809–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2011-255.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Singh, A. K., Clarke, J. M., Knox, R. E., DePauw, R. M., McCaig, T. N., Fernandez, M. R. and Clarke, F. R. 2012. Transcend durum wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 809–813. Transcend durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] is adapted to the durum production area of the Canadian prairies. It combines high grain yield, grain protein concentration, test weight, yellow grain and dough pigment, and low grain cadmium concentration. Transcend has strong straw, slightly more days to maturity, and improved Fusarium head blight resistance compared to Strongfield.
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Fiore, Maria Carola, Sebastiano Blangiforti, Giovanni Preiti, Alfio Spina, Sara Bosi, Ilaria Marotti, Antonio Mauceri, Guglielmo Puccio, Francesco Sunseri e Francesco Mercati. "Elucidating the Genetic Relationships on the Original Old Sicilian Triticum Spp. Collection by SNP Genotyping". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, n. 21 (2 novembre 2022): 13378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113378.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Several Triticum species spread in cultivation in Sicily and neighboring regions over the centuries, which led to the establishment of a large genetic diversity. Many ancient varieties were widely cultivated until the beginning of the last century before being replaced by modern varieties. Recently, they have been reintroduced in cultivation in Sicily. Here, the genetic diversity of 115 and 11 accessions from Sicily and Calabria, respectively, belonging to Triticum species was evaluated using a high-density SNP array. Einkorn, emmer, and spelta wheat genotypes were used as outgroups for species and subspecies; five modern varieties of durum and bread wheat were used as references. A principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) and an unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) showed four distinct groups among Triticum species and T. turgidum subspecies. The population structure analysis distinguished five gene pools, among which three appeared private to the T. aestivum, T. turgidum subsp. Turgidum, and ‘Timilia’ group. The principal component analysis (PCA) displayed a bio-morphological trait relationship of a subset (110) of ancient wheat varieties and their wide variability within the T. turgidum subsp. durum subgroups. A discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) and phylogenetic analyses applied to the four durum wheat subgroups revealed that the improved varieties harbored a different gene pool compared to the most ancient varieties. The ‘Russello’ and ‘Russello Ibleo’ groups were distinguished; both displayed higher genetic variability compared to the ‘Timilia’ group accessions. This research represents a comprehensive approach to fingerprinting the old wheat Sicilian germplasm, which is useful in avoiding commercial fraud and sustaining the cultivation of landraces and ancient varieties.
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Lubna, Lubna, Sajjad Asaf, Rahmatullah Jan, Abdul Latif Khan, Waqar Ahmad, Saleem Asif, Ahmed Al-Harrasi, Kyung-Min Kim e In-Jung Lee. "The Plastome Sequences of Triticum sphaerococcum (ABD) and Triticum turgidum subsp. durum (AB) Exhibit Evolutionary Changes, Structural Characterization, Comparative Analysis, Phylogenomics and Time Divergence". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, n. 5 (3 marzo 2022): 2783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23052783.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The mechanism and course of Triticum plastome evolution is currently unknown; thus, it remains unclear how Triticum plastomes evolved during recent polyploidization. Here, we report the complete plastomes of two polyploid wheat species, Triticum sphaerococcum (AABBDD) and Triticum turgidum subsp. durum (AABB), and compare them with 19 available and complete Triticum plastomes to create the first map of genomic structural variation. Both T. sphaerococcum and T. turgidum subsp. durum plastomes were found to have a quadripartite structure, with plastome lengths of 134,531 bp and 134,015 bp, respectively. Furthermore, diploid (AA), tetraploid (AB, AG) and hexaploid (ABD, AGAm) Triticum species plastomes displayed a conserved gene content and commonly harbored an identical set of annotated unique genes. Overall, there was a positive correlation between the number of repeats and plastome size. In all plastomes, the number of tandem repeats was higher than the number of palindromic and forward repeats. We constructed a Triticum phylogeny based on the complete plastomes and 42 shared genes from 71 plastomes. We estimated the divergence of Hordeum vulgare from wheat around 11.04–11.9 million years ago (mya) using a well-resolved plastome tree. Similarly, Sitopsis species diverged 2.8–2.9 mya before Triticum urartu (AA) and Triticum monococcum (AA). Aegilops speltoides was shown to be the maternal donor of polyploid wheat genomes and diverged ~0.2–0.9 mya. The phylogeny and divergence time estimates presented here can act as a reference framework for future studies of Triticum evolution.
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Alfeo, Vincenzo, Barbara Jaskula-Goiris, Ginfranco Venora, Emanuele Schimmenti, Guido Aerts e Aldo Todaro. "Screening of durum wheat landraces (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum) for the malting suitability". Journal of Cereal Science 83 (settembre 2018): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2018.08.001.
Testo completo
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Ibba, Maria Itria, Alecia M. Kiszonas, Deven R. See, Daniel Z. Skinner e Craig F. Morris. "Mapping kernel texture in a soft durum (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum) wheat population". Journal of Cereal Science 85 (gennaio 2019): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2018.10.006.
Testo completo
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Brandolini, A., P. Vaccino, G. Boggini, H. Özkan, B. Kilian e F. Salamini. "Quantification of genetic relationships among A genomes of wheats". Genome 49, n. 4 (1 aprile 2006): 297–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g05-110.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The genetic relationships of A genomes of Triticum urartu (Au) and Triticum monococcum (Am) in polyploid wheats are explored and quantified by AFLP fingerprinting. Forty-one accessions of A-genome diploid wheats, 3 of AG-genome wheats, 19 of AB-genome wheats, 15 of ABD-genome wheats, and 1 of the D-genome donor Ae. tauschii have been analysed. Based on 7 AFLP primer combinations, 423 bands were identified as potentially A genome specific. The bands were reduced to 239 by eliminating those present in autoradiograms of Ae. tauschii, bands interpreted as common to all wheat genomes. Neighbour-joining analysis separates T. urartu from T. monococcum. Triticum urartu has the closest relationship to polyploid wheats. Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccum and T. turgidum subsp. durum lines are included in tightly linked clusters. The hexaploid spelts occupy positions in the phylogenetic tree intermediate between bread wheats and T. turgidum. The AG-genome accessions cluster in a position quite distant from both diploid and other polyploid wheats. The estimates of similarity between A genomes of diploid and polyploid wheats indicate that, compared with Am, Au has around 20% higher similarity to the genomes of polyploid wheats. Triticum timo pheevii AG genome is molecularly equidistant from those of Au and Am wheats.Key words: A genome, Triticum, genetic relationships, AFLP.
Tesi sul tema "Triticum turgidum subsp. durum"
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Oladzad, Abbasabadi Atena. "Identification and Validation of a New Source of Low Grain Cadmium Accumulation in Durum Wheat (Triticum Turgidum L. Subsp. Durum (Defs.))". Diss., North Dakota State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10365/25921.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal with no known biological function. The maximum level of Cd concentration allowed in the international market for wheat grain is 0.2 mg kg-1. Higher Cd levels in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum Desf) may threaten its export. To develop new durum wheat cultivars low in Cd uptake and speed up the selection process in breeding programs, this study attempted to identify SNP(s) associated with a low Cd uptake in the durum experimental line D041735. D041735 was developed from a cross between hexaploid (Sumai 3) and durum wheat by NDSU breeding program and has consistently shown low grain Cd levels. Therefore, this study sought 1) to identify SNP marker(s) tightly linked to Cd uptake and genetic dissection of the grain Cd content in a recombinant inbred line mapping population derived from D041735 and Divide (a high Cd accumulator cultivar) using wheat 90k SNP chips and 2) to test for alleles from detected Cd-linked markers among three sources of low Cd accumulators, including Strongfield, Haurani, and D041735. The QTL analysis performed in this study identified only a single major QTL for Cd uptake on chromosome arm 5BL. The QTL was detected in a 0.3 cM interval flanked by SNP markers RAC875_c20785_1219 and Kukri_c66357_357. Validation results using these flanking markers initially suggested the existence of a different gene or allele for low Cd uptake in the D041735 line as a new source for the durum breeding program at NDSU. The BLAST analysis of these flanking markers suggested the Aluminum Induced Protein Like Protein and heavy metal transporter ATPase 3 as candidate genes for the major QTL. Allelism testing revealed that the identified QTL in this study is novel and not the previously mapped QTL Cdu1on 5BL. This study therefore confirmed that the D041735 experimental line is a novel source of low Cd uptake in durum wheat germplasms, where the major QTL is most likely introduced from hexaploid wheat.
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Ben, Krima Safa. "Adaptation des champignons phytopathogènes à des peuplements hôtes génétiquement hétérogènes – cas du pathosystème blé dur – Zymoseptoria tritici". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASB004.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Les variétés traditionnelles sont génétiquement hétérogènes et constituent une source de diversité contribuant à la productivité et à la stabilité des agroécosystèmes. En effet, la diversité végétale fournit des services écosystémiques, dont la réduction globale des pressions parasitaires. Pour une meilleure gestion des maladies, la compréhension des mécanismes d’interaction plante-pathogène est primordiale. Dans cette optique, j’ai étudié l’adaptation entre variétés traditionnelles tunisiennes de blé dur et populations fongiques de Zymoseptoria tritici responsable de la septoriose. Dans un premier temps, le génotypage de 14 variétés traditionnelles dites «populations», à l'aide de 9 microsatellites, a montré que la diversité génétique était aussi importante au sein des populations (45%) qu'entre les populations (54%). Cette diversité est structurée en sept groupes génétiques qui s'expliquent en partie par la combinaison « nom de variété » x « localité ». La caractérisation de 15 traits phénotypiques, dont la résistance à la septoriose, a révélé que ces populations étaient également diversifiées phénotypiquement. La résistance à la septoriose est de nature qualitative (résistance majeure) dans deux populations mais plus généralement de nature quantitative dans les autres populations. Une comparaison Pst-Fst a démontré une adaptation locale des variétés traditionnelles, soulignant des trajectoires de sélection intimement liées au territoire et pratiques des agriculteurs les cultivant. Parallèlement, un génotypage SNP à haute densité (puce TaBW35K) d’un panel de 127 individus provenant de quatre populations portant le même nom de variété ‘Mahmoudi’ a mis en évidence deux groupes génétiques partagés par les quatre populations. Ce panel d’individus a été phénotypé au champ et en conditions contrôlées pour sa résistance à une souche tunisienne de Z. tritici, ce qui a permis de conduire une analyse GWAS. Cette analyse a mis en évidence 6 loci associés à la résistance contre la septoriose sur les chromosomes 1B, 4A, 5B et 7A, dont un locus sur le chromosome 1B associé à une résistance majeure de type qualitative. La fréquence des allèles favorables à la résistance oscille entre 6 et 46% dans le panel et est variable d’une population à une autre. Côté agent pathogène, quatre populations de Z. tritici collectées sur le cultivar moderne majoritaire en Tunisie ‘Karim’ et une population collectée sur une des variétés traditionnelles ‘Mahmoudi’ ont été génotypées à l'aide de 12 microsatellites. La faible différenciation génétique entre ces populations fongiques suggère l’existence de flux de gènes importants entre localités. La population collectée sur ‘Mahmoudi’ est apparue comme étant moins diversifiée et ayant une fraction clonale plus importante que les populations collectées sur ‘Karim’, suggérant un effet significatif de l’hôte sur la diversité de Z. tritici. Des tests d'inoculations croisées ont révélé une agressivité supérieure des isolats collectés sur ‘Mahmoudi’ sur les lignées de la variété ‘Mahmoudi’ que des isolats collectés sur le cultivar ‘Karim’, interprétée comme une adaptation locale des populations pathogènes à leur hôte sympatrique. Cette adaptation a été particulièrement marquée par la période de latence des isolats, soulignant à nouveau l’importance de la résistance quantitative dans les processus adaptatifs mis en évidence. Les variétés traditionnelles tunisiennes de blé dur sont des cas concrets de populations hôtes hétérogènes limitant efficacement les épidémies de l’agent pathogène responsable de la septoriose. Les résultats obtenus suggèrent que la combinaison de gènes de résistance, principalement à effet quantitatif et occasionnellement à effet majeur, à des fréquences variables d’une variété à une autre, est la clé de la robustesse sanitaire de ces variétés. Les enseignements acquis au cours de cette étude pourront être mobilisés pour améliorer la gestion de la diversité cultivée dans d’autres environnementsTraditional varieties are heterogeneous and constitute a source of diversity, which contributes to the productivity and the stability of agroecosystems. Indeed, plant diversity provides services to a given ecosystem, including reducing disease pressure. Understanding the mechanisms underlying plant-pathogen interactions is fundamental to improve disease management. With this in mind, I studied the adaptation between traditional Tunisian durum wheat varieties and populations of Zymoseptoria tritici, the fungus responsible for Septoria Tritici Blotch (STB). Firstly, genotyping 14 traditional varieties, considered as populations, using 9 SSR, showed that genetic diversity is equally important within a population (45%) as it is between populations (54%). This diversity is structured in seven genetic groups that can be explained in part by the nested effect of the « variety name » and the « location ». 15 phenotypic traits, including resistance to STB, were characterized and showed that the populations were also phenotypically diverse. Resistance to STB is qualitative (major resistance) for two of the populations, but generally more quantitative for the other populations. A Pst-Fst comparison demonstrated a local adaptation of traditional varieties, underlining selection trajectories that are closely linked to the territory and the agricultural practices in place. Meanwhile, a high density SNP genotyping (TaBW35K array) of a panel of 127 individuals hailing from four populations all carrying the same variety name ‘Mahmoudi’ brought to light two genetic groups shared by the four populations. This panel of individuals was phenotyped for resistance to a Tunisian Z. tritici strain in a field trial and in controlled conditions. The resulting data was used in a GWAS analysis. This analysis led to the detection of 6 loci associated to STB resistance on chromosomes 1B, 4A, 5B and 7A, including a locus on chromosome 1B associated to a qualitative major resistance. The frequency of the resistant alleles oscillates between 6 and 46% and is variable between populations. On the fungus side, four populations of Z. tritici collected on modern cultivar ‘Karim’ widely cultivated in Tunisia and one population collected on traditional variety ‘Mahmoudi’ were genotyped using 12 SSR. A low level of genetic differentiation was identified between these fungal populations suggesting a significant gene flow between locations. The population collected on ‘Mahmoudi’ was less diversified and had a higher clonal fraction than the populations collected on ‘Karim’. This points towards host-effect on Z. tritici diversity. Cross-inoculation tests highlighted a higher aggressiveness of isolates collected on ‘Mahmoudi’ to ‘Mahmoudi’ lines than that of isolates collected on ‘Karim’, interpreted as a local adaptation of pathogen populations to their sympatric host. This adaptation was especially pronounced for the latency period of isolates, once again underlining the importance of quantitative resistance in the adaptive processes evidenced here. Traditional Tunisian durum wheat varieties are practical cases of heterogeneous host populations effectively limiting STB epidemics. Our results suggest that a combination of resistance genes, mainly quantitative and occasionally with a major effect, with variable frequencies from one variety to another, is key to the sanitary success of these varieties. Findings from this study can be utilized to improve our management of crop diversity in other environments
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Sobottka, Renata Pinheiro. "Moduladores naturais na proteção genética de trigo (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum) contra Fusarium spp. por técnica molecular e LC-MS. Aplicação de tecnologia NIR na predição de composição química de milho (Zea mays L.)". Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Alimentos, 2014. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000189591.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
O trigo (Triticum spp.) e o milho (Zea mays L.), pertencentes à Família Poaceae, são cereais fundamentais na alimentação mundial devido à importância socioeconômica, sendo amplamente utilizados para o consumo humano e animal. O trabalho avaliou o desenvolvimento fúngico, a produção de tricoteceno (desoxinivalenol, DON) e de moduladores naturais no contexto de proteção genética em cultivares de trigo. Em paralelo, foi avaliada a tecnologia NIR na predição de atividade de água, teor de proteína, umidade e cinzas em milho, visando aplicação de método rápido, capaz de subsidiar a técnica clássica (Capítulo 2). O capítulo 1 foi executado na França e consistiu em estudo com quatro cultivares de trigo com diferente sensibilidade à fusariose, procedendo com e sem inoculo de Fusarium culmorum, seguida de análise de grão em dois estágios de desenvolvimento (cinco dias após inoculação e na maturação). A análise em grãos de trigo consistiu na detecção de DON, composição em ácidos fenólicos (solúveis e ligados à parede celular) por LC/MS e determinação do gene Tri5 por PCR em tempo real. O cultivar de trigo resistente limitou significativamente o desenvolvimento de Fusarium culmorum e a contaminação por DON (p<0,05). Glumas de trigo de cultivar resistente apresentaram-se ricas em ácido clorogênico e flavonas, sugerindo participação na resistência contra Fusarium spp. e produção de DON. Estudo em moduladores naturais com potencial inibidor na biossíntese de tricotecenos deve ser prosseguido visando inocuidade de alimentos, enfocada também na minimização de agrotóxicos. O capítulo 2 avaliou a aplicação da tecnologia NIR na predição de atividade de água (aw), teor de proteína, umidade e cinzas de milho cultivado sob quatro diferentes populações de planta (densidade, 60, 75, 90 e 105 mil plantas ha-1) sob cinco doses de nitrogênio (0, 60, 120, 180 e 240 kg ha-1). O teor de proteína em milho cultivado sob mesma densidade de planta aumentou com os níveis de adubação (dose de nitrogênio, p<0,05). No entanto, não se observou diferença significativa entre grãos de milho tratado com a mesma dose de nitrogênio, mas com diferente densidade de planta (p<0,05). As amostras de milho foram digitalizadas na faixa do visível / NIR de 400 2500 nm. O melhor coeficiente de predição foi obtido para a proteína (R2cv=0,90), revelando uma forte relação entre informação espectral e teor de proteína. Os modelos para três parâmetros (proteína, aw e umidade) apresentaram a razão de erro padrão de calibração e desvio padrão (RPD) entre 2,4 e 4,2. Com exceção de cinzas, os modelos obtidos apresentam perfil adequado para o rastreio de constituintes proteína, aw e umidade em milho, no contexto de monitoramento rápido em planta de processamento industrial.Wheat (Triticum sp.) and maize (Zea mays L.), belonging to the Poaceae family, are important cereals on the global socio-economy, being widely used for human and animal consumption. The study evaluated the fungal growth and trichothecene production (deoxynivalenol, DON) in wheat cultivars on the genetic protection context (Chapter 1). In parallel, it was evaluated the application of NIR technology for prediction of water activity, protein, moisture and ash contents in maize, seeking the application of this rapid method being capable for subsidizing the classical technique (Chapter 2). Chapter 1 was executed in France and evaluated four wheat cultivars with different sensitivity to Fusarium infection, with and without inoculum of Fusarium culmorum, followed by analysis of grains in two stages of development (five days after inoculation and at maturity stage). The analysis of wheat grains was the determination of DON, phenolic acids composition (soluble and bound to the cell wall) by LC/MS and the Tri5 gene determination by real-time PCR. The resistant wheat cultivar significantly limited the development of Fusarium culmorum and DON contamination (p <0.05). Glumes of resistant wheat cultivar showed high content on chlorogenic acid and flavones, suggesting involvement on resistance against Fusarium sp. and DON production. Study on natural modulators with potential inhibitor on the biosynthesis of trichothecenes should be pursued in order to ensure food safety, also focused on reduction of pesticide application. Chapter 2 evaluated the application of NIR technology for prediction of water activity (aw), protein, moisture and ash contents in maize from four different plant density (60, 75, 90 and 105 thousand plants ha-1) with five doses of nitrogen (0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg ha-1). Maize samples from the same plant density had their protein content increased with levels of fertilization (doses of nitrogen, p <0.05). However, no significant difference was observed among maize treated with the same dose of nitrogen, but with different plant density (p <0.05). The maize samples were scanned in the visible / NIR range of 400 - 2500 nm. The best coefficient of prediction was obtained for protein (R2cv=0.90), which revealed a strong relationship between spectral information and protein content. The models for three parameters (protein, moisture and aw) showed the ratio of standard error of calibration and standard deviation (RPD) between 2.4 and 4.2. Except for ash, the models obtained showed satisfactory for screening purposes of constituents - protein, aw and moisture - in maize, under the context of rapid monitoring of industrial processing plant.
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Mir, Ali N. "Protein improvement in Triticum turgidum var. durum (Desf.) by induced mutations and hybridization with Triticum turgidum var. diccoides (Korn.)". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377457.
Testo completo
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Forster, Shana M. "Agronomic Practices that Impact Grain Quality Factors of Durum Wheat (Triticum Turgidum L. Var. Durum Desf.)". Diss., North Dakota State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10365/25850.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Durum wheat is a type of wheat primarily used for pasta production. North Dakota is the leading producer of durum wheat in the US with average yields of 2700 kg ha-1. Durum wheat price discounts are common and occur due to disease, heavy metal contamination, and environmental issues that impact grain quality. Studies were conducted in order to determine how agronomic approaches might impact durum quality. Experiments were conducted in order to determine what impact planting date, cultivar, and seeding rate had on the agronomic performance and quality of end-use traits. In general, a delay in planting date resulted in a significant decrease in yield and test weight for all cultivars. Cultivars differed for many of the end-use traits evaluated such as protein content, falling number, and vitreous kernel. Seeding rate had little impact on the traits evaluated. No combination of planting date and cultivar was identified that consistently resulted in grain marketed as US Grade 1 hard amber durum (HAD), or ?choice durum?. Cultivar selection remains the best option for maintaining end-use traits. The effect of Zn fertilizer source and placement on grain Cd were evaluated. Treatments evaluated had no negative impact on grain yield or test weight. The foliar application of 1.1 kg Zn ha-1 Zn-EDTA in combination with 33 kg N ha-1 in the form of UAN applied at Feekes 10 growth stage (boot stage) resulted in the lowest grain Cd, and highest grain Zn, Fe and protein and represents an approach of biofortification for durum wheat.North Dakota Wheat Commission
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Salsman, Evan Lee. "Validation of Molecular Markers Associated with Grain Cadmium in Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum Desf.)". Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27980.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Durum wheat is capable of accumulating cadmium, a toxic heavy metal, in the grain at levels that have been deemed unsafe. Previous studies have identified genetic variation in durum wheat that can be exploited to create low Cd cultivars. In this study, six KASP markers were validated on 4,178 durum wheat samples from preliminary and advanced yield trials grown in 2013 and 2014 at Langdon, Minot, and Williston, North Dakota. One marker on chromosome 5B was polymorphic in all crosses between high and low Cd parents and had r? values ranging from 0.38-0.85. Two other markers on the same chromosome predicted similar levels of variation in many trials; however these were not polymorphic in all populations. Two markers linked to the grain Cd locus on chromosome 5B are suitable for marker assisted selection due to the more widely shared polymorphism of one and the closer linkage distance of the other.
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AbuHammad, Wesam Ali. "Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with a Low Cadmium Uptake Gene in Durum Wheat (Triticum Turgidum L. Var. Durum)". Diss., North Dakota State University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27088.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The main objective of durum wheat breeding is to identify lines that are low in Cadmium accumulation by using linkage mapping. 178 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from across between Grenora ? Haurani were used to identify QTL for Cadmium (Cd) tolerance. A total of 1,132 polymorphic loci (1,111 SNP and 21SSR loci) were used for linkage map analysis. Among these, 330 (29 percent) markers were successfully integrated into the linkage maps at a LOD score of 3.0. The linkage map had a total genetic distance of 720.2 cM with an average distance of 2.2 cM between adjacent markers distributed on 14 chromosomes. Quantitative trait loci analysis was conducted using composite interval mapping (CIM). A Single putative QTL associated with Cd uptake was detected on Chromosome 5B. This QTL increased Cd uptake by the presence of alleles from Grenora. The additive effect of the Grenora allele was 0.02 mg/kg. The variation in Cd accumulation explained by this QTL (r2) was 54.3 percent.
Association mapping was also used to analyze two durum wheat collections consisting of advanced breeding lines from the North Dakota wheat breeding program to discover markers associated with the amount of Cd accumulated in the grains. For the 2009 collection, one major QTL that explains 3 percent of phenotypic variation was identified on Chromosome 2B at 7.25 cM which could cosegregate with a height locus identified earlier. For the 2010 collection, one QTL that explains 34 percent of phenotypic variation was identified on Chromosome 5B at 165.7cM and one other at 178.3cM that explains 27 percent of phenotypic variation. Because of the complexity of Cd accumulation in wheat grains, the identification of additional QTL will require a better coverage of markers and a larger collection of genotypes. This will help breeding for low Cd using MAS.
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Johnson, Marina. "Association Mapping and Genetic Diversity Studies of Agronomic and Quality Traits in Durum Wheat [Triticum turgidum L. var. durum (Desf.)]". Diss., North Dakota State University, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27462.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Genetic diversity studies in breeding programs are important to identify parental lines for hybridization and introgression of desirable alleles into elite germplasm. The genetic diversity analysis of 283 North Dakota State University (NDSU) advanced durum wheat breeding lines developed during the last 20 years indicated that the population was structured according to its breeding history. Total genetic diversity analysis (HT = 0.334) showed adequate level of genetic variation. The results will help in breeding efforts to broaden the genetic base and select lines for crossing as well as for genetic and genomic studies to facilitate the combination of desirable alleles. The quantitative nature of important target traits, combined with environmental effects, makes it difficult to bring the desirable improvement in durum wheat to meet the expectations of all the stakeholders involved in the durum wheat industry. With an objective to identify molecular markers for marker-assisted breeding (MAB), the present study attempted to identify marker-trait associations for six agronomic and 29 quality traits using a genome-wide association study (GWAS) mapping approach. The study used two types of phenotypic datasets, a historic unbalanced dataset belonging to a total of 80 environments collected over a period of 16 years and a balanced dataset collected from two environments, to identify the applicability of historic unbalanced phenotypic data for GWAS analysis. A total of 292 QTL were identified for agronomic and quality traits, with 10 QTL showing major effects (R2 >15%). Over 45% of QTL for agronomic and quality traits were present in both the unbalanced and balanced datasets, with about 50% of those present in both environments in the balanced dataset. Genome-wide association mapping studies identified several candidate markers for use in marker-assisted selection (MAS) for height, gluten strength, distribution of small kernels, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, and yield.
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Berkelaar, Edward. "Accumulation of cadmium by durum wheat (Triticum turgidum), influence of solution chemistry and root morphology". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0025/NQ51031.pdf.
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DEGHATS, MAHMOUD. "Comparaison de methodes et d'itineraires de selection de ble (triticum turgidum l. Var. Durum et triticum aestivum) en conditions semi-arides". Paris 11, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA112216.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
L'efficacite de trois methodes de selection pour la resistance a la secheresse (pedigree, bulk modifiee et filiation unipare) a ete evaluee sur dix croisements de ble. Des itineraires differents, crees en alternant les stations, ont aussi permis d'etudier l'effet du milieu sur la valeur des lignees retenues. Les resultats indique que: -la methode pedigree a ete plus efficace que la methode bulk modifiee pour la selection de lignees productives; -la methode pedigree a ete efficace pour la selection sur la hauteur de la paille et la precocite de l'epiaison; -la methode fup est intermediaire entre la methode pedigree et la methode bulk modifiee pour la selection sur le rendement en grains; -l'effet de la methode fup sur la hauteur de la paille, la precocite de l'epiaison, l'indice de recolte, le poids specifique et le poids de mille grains varie d'un croisement a l'autre; -la correlation entre generations est tres frequente pour la precocite de l'epiaison, moins frequente et moins elevee pour la hauteur de la paille et plus ou moins elevee mais constante pour le poids de mille grains; -il n'y a pas de correlation entre rendements des bulks et rendements des lignees tirees de ces bulks; -les differents itineraires de selection ont eu en general le meme effet; -la selection en conditions seches est sujette a de grands risques
Libri sul tema "Triticum turgidum subsp. durum"
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Abdennadher, Mourad. Estimates of genetic variability resulting from single, top, and double cross populations in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum). 1990.
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Ammar, Karim. Nature of the inheritance of gluten strength and carotenoid pigment content in winter by spring and durum wheat crosses (Triticum turgidum L. Var. durum). 1990.
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Rezgui, Salah. Estimates of genetic variability and efficiency of early generation selection for grain yield and protein content in durum wheat crosses (Triticum turgidum. L. var. durum). 1993.
Cerca il testo completoCapitoli di libri sul tema "Triticum turgidum subsp. durum"
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Yacoubi, Inès, Emna Khanfir, Karama Hamdi e Faïçal Brini. "Recent advancement of molecular breeding for improving salinity tolerance in wheat." In Molecular breeding in wheat, maize and sorghum: strategies for improving abiotic stress tolerance and yield, 39–50. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245431.0003.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract This chapter provides an outline of the mechanisms of wheat salinity tolerance and discusses the challenges of several breeding programmes that are in progress with regard to durum (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum) and bread wheats using the integration of trait-based and molecular selection for delivering improved wheat varieties adapted to saline conditions.
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Pereira, Jorge Fernando. "Molecular breeding for improving aluminium resistance in wheat." In Molecular breeding in wheat, maize and sorghum: strategies for improving abiotic stress tolerance and yield, 116–45. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245431.0007.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract This chapter aims at describing the main physiological mechanisms associated with aluminium (Al) resistance in wheat and how the research about these mechanisms has evolved to its current status. Practical aspects of phenotyping and using the molecular basis to increase Al resistance, which can be easily introduced in breeding programmes, are detailed. This chapter discusses the reliability of methods to screen root growth under Al stress, the allelic variation of genes associated with the main Al resistance mechanism in wheat, the quantitative trait loci and genomic regions that might contain minor Al tolerance genes, the use of wheat wild relatives, the uncertainties of developing transgenic wheat for greater Al resistance and the development of Al-resistant lines of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum).
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De Vita, Pasquale, e Francesca Taranto. "Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) Breeding to Meet the Challenge of Climate Change". In Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Cereals, 471–524. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23108-8_13.
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Jamjod, S., J. G. Paull, B. J. Brooks e A. J. Rathjen. "Genetic variation in the tolerance of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var durum) to high concentrations of boron". In Boron in Soils and Plants, 111–15. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5564-9_21.
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Khabaz-Saberi, H., S. J. Barker, R. D. Graham e A. J. Rathjen. "The Application of Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) for Breeding MN Efficiency in Durum Wheat (Triticum Turgidum L. Var. Durum)". In Plant Nutrition — Molecular Biology and Genetics, 409–16. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2685-6_48.
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"Genetic Bases of Resistance to Abiotic Stresses in Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum)". In Durum Wheat Breeding, 287–322. CRC Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482277883-18.
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Mañas, Pilar, e Jorge de las Heras. "Sewage Sludge to Fertilise Durum Wheat: Effects on Crop and Soil". In Humic Substance [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95896.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The vast quantities of degradable waste generated in urban areas may negatively influence the environment if improperly managed. This study examines effects on soil properties, yield and morphological performance of winter wheat (Triticum turgidum L. cv. Vitron) after applying composted and air-dried sewage sludge. The experiment was conducted on the field scale in two different farm soil plots Toledo, (central Spain) with different characteristics, especially salinity, concentration of chlorides, sulphates and pH. Three fertiliser treatments were considered: commercial fertiliser; air-dried sewage sludge and composted sewage sludge. Sewage sludge promoted better yields than the commercial fertiliser, and preserved soil physico-chemical characteristics. The sewage sludge application (air-dried and composted) to soil improved the results of the morphological characteristics of the studied wheat in relation to the commercial fertiliser. In the saline soil plot, air-dried sewage sludge improved the morphological characteristics of spikes (length, weight, number of grains per spike), but not final grain weight and, consequently, yield. These were upgraded with the composted sewage sludge. Use of sewage sludge for winter wheat production was the better studied option and proved a sustainable approach to recycle such waste on land.
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Ingram, Keith T. "Drought-Related Characteristics of Important Cereal Crops". In Monitoring and Predicting Agricultural Drought. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195162349.003.0008.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Humans cultivate more than 200 species of plants, but this chapter reviews responses of 5 important cereal crops to drought. These crops are maize (Zea mays L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum and Triticum turgidum L. var. durum), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench), and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br), which provide the majority of food in the world. In general, farmers cultivate millet in the most drought-prone environments and sorghum where a short growing season is the greatest constraint to production. Some sorghum cultivars set grain in as short as 50–60 days (Roncoli et al., 2001). Rice is grown under a wide range of environments, from tropical to temperate zones, from deep water-flooded zones to nonflooded uplands. Rice productivity is limited mostly by water (IRRI, 2002). Drought limits, to a varying extent, the productivity of all of these crops. Although water is likely the most important manageable limit to food production worldwide, we should recognize that water management cannot be isolated from nutrient, crop, and pest management. Life on earth depends on green plants, which capture solar energy and store chemical energy by the process of photosynthesis. Although plants use a small amount of water in the reactions of photosynthesis and retain small amounts of water in plant tissues, as much as 99% of the water that plants take up is lost through transpiration (i.e., gaseous water transport through the stomata of leaves). Stomata, which are small pores on leaf surfaces, must open to allow carbon dioxide to enter leaf tissues for photosynthesis and plant growth, but open stomata also allow water to escape. In addition to transpiration, there are several other avenues of water loss from a crop system. Water may exit the crop system by evaporation from the soil, transpiration of weeds, deep drainage beyond the root zone, lateral flow beneath the soil surface, or runoff. We can sum the daily additions and losses of water to form a water balance equation: . . . S = G + P + I − E − T − Tw − D − L − R [2.1] . . .
Atti di convegni sul tema "Triticum turgidum subsp. durum"
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Henkrar, Fatima, Kenza Stira e Sripada Udupa. "Selection of Salt-Stress-Tolerant Genotypes during Germination, Growth, and Development in Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp., durum Desf.)". In LAFOBA2. Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2022016034.
Testo completoRapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Triticum turgidum subsp. durum"
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Dubcovsky, Jorge, Tzion Fahima e Ann Blechl. Positional cloning of a gene responsible for high grain protein content in tetraploid wheat. United States Department of Agriculture, settembre 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7695875.bard.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
High Grain Protein Content (GPC) is a desirable trait in breadmaking and pasta wheat varieties because of its positive effects on quality and nutritional value. However, selection for GPC is limited by our poor understanding of the genes involved in the accumulation of protein in the grain. The long-term goal of this project is to provide a better understanding of the genes controlling GPC in wheat. The specific objectives of this project were: a) to develop a high-density genetic map of the GPC gene in tetraploid wheat, b) to construct a T. turgidum Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) library, c) to construct a physical map of the GPC gene and identify a candidate for the GPC gene. A gene with a large effect on GPC was detected in Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides and was previously mapped in the short arm of chromosome 6B. To define better the position of the Gpc-B1 locus we developed homozygous recombinant lines with recombination events within the QTL region. Except for the 30-cM region of the QTL these RSLs were isogenic for the rest of the genome minimizing the genetic variability. To minimize the environmental variability the RSLs were characterized using 10 replications in field experiments organized in a Randomized Complete Block Design, which were repeated three times. Using this strategy, we were able to map this QTL as a single Mendelian locus (Gpc-B1) on a 2.6-cM region flanked by RFLP markers Xcdo365 and Xucw67. All three experiments showed that the lines carrying the DIC allele had an average absolute increase in GPC of 14 g/kg. Using the RFLP flanking markers, we established the microcolinearity between a 2.l-cM region including the Gpc-B1 gene in wheat chromosome 6BS and a 350-kb region on rice chromosome 2. Rice genes from this region were used to screen the Triticeae EST collection, and these ESTs were used to saturate the Gpc-B1 region with molecular markers. With these new markers we were able to map the Gpc-B1 locus within a 0.3-cM region flanked by PCR markers Xucw83 and Xucw71. These flanking markers defined a 36-kb colinear region with rice, including one gene that is a potential candidate for the Gpc-B1 gene. To develop a physical map of the Gpc-B1 region in wheat we first constructed a BAC library of tetraploid wheat, from RSL#65 including the high Gpc-B1 allele. We generated half- million clones with an average size of l3l-kb (5.1 X genome equivalents for each of the two genomes). This coverage provides a 99.4% probability of recovering any gene from durum wheat. We used the Gpc-BI flanking markers to screen this BAC library and then completed the physical map by chromosome walking. The physical map included two overlapping BACs covering a region of approximately 250-kb, including two flanking markers and the Gpc-B1 gene. Efforts are underway to sequence these two BACs to determine if additional wheat genes are present in this region. Weare also developing new RSLs to further dissect this region. We developed PCR markers for flanking loci Xucw79andXucw71 to facilitate the introgression of this gene in commercial varieties by marker assisted selection (httQ://maswheat.ucdavis.edu/ orotocols/HGPC/index.hlm). Using these markers we introgressed the Gpc-B1 gene in numerous pasta and common wheat breeding lines.