Tesi sul tema "Trouble à l’ordre public"
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Maugard, Thomas. "La lutte moderne contre les trafics de stupéfiants en France : entre réalités pénales et pratiques policières". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025BORD0038.
Testo completoThe fight against drug trafficking in France is, in general, run by the judicial and policing institutions. While they are doing everything possible to stop this scourge, they are overwhelmed by a set of constraints that creates distortions in their professional practices.As proven daily by the media that reports on societal issues, the French and European political commitment can no longer be questioned. Becoming more and more of a public order issue, the judicial investigation is formed by various acts of investigations that are devised by the French internal law, that is itself built on the jurisprudence from the European criminal law. The Poli-cing and judicial structures, despite having access to an arsenal of police units with an extensive investigation power from the delinquency procedures, fail to solve this global fight. Supported by examples from efforts made by Europe and France, the study shows that there is indeed a fight against drug trafficking, however lacking coordination of the means in use, especially when the strict laws in place against delinquents conflict from time to time with those of the Human rights
Gervier, Pauline. "La limitation des droits fondamentaux constitutionnels par l’ordre public". Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40058/document.
Testo completoThe dialectics of public order and freedoms has been traveling throughout legal thought since the 18th century. Sparked by new forms of delinquency and criminality, the strengthening of public order requirements leads to questioning the limitation of fundamental constitutional rights. Despite its crucible place between public order and freedoms, the limitation process remains undetermined in French law. This research, which aims at determining the limitations to protected rights, identifying the limitations to those limitations themselves, and then redefining fundamental rights through those limitations, not only helps to specify this mechanism, but also to identify the restrictions brought to the enjoyment of rights and freedoms. The Conseil constitutionnel self-restraint reveals a gradual shift in the protection of fundamental rights. Acknowledging the former leads to considering a supra legislative framework to the limitations to protected rights, and advocating in favor of the constitutional entrenchment of such a clause
Ripoche, Elléa. "La liberté et l’ordre public contractuels à l’épreuve des droits fondamentaux". Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA020061.
Testo completoFar from being exclusively hierarchical, the relationship between the contract and fundamental rights also appears to be dialectical. The phenomenon of the fundamentalization of the contract, leading to the restriction of contractual freedom, is met by an inverse phenomenon of the contractualization of fundamental rights, tending on the contrary to promote it. The emergence of fundamental rights disturbs as much as it exalts the contractual freedom, which constitutes therefore the core of the interactions between contract and fundamental rights. It is in the light of a renewed reflection on contractual public order that the solidarity of these two antagonistic phenomena can be tested, and their relationship systematized. Owing to reciprocal influences, the meeting of the contract and fundamental rights is indeed the source of a new contractual balance. Fundamental rights are gradually replacing public order and are changing both its structure and substance. More specifically, it is the articulation of contractual freedom and public order that operates differently, so that it appears, tested by fundamental rights, in a new light. Both an order to promote and limit freedom, contractual public order turns out to be, above all, an order to establish freedom
Alzu'bi, Hadeel. "Recherche sur le droit des attroupements et rassemblements "Contribution à l’étude de l’ordre public en droit français"". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0086.
Testo completoIn French law, the rules governing gatherings and assemblies sit at the crossroads of administrative and criminal law. They go beyond the right to protest, which is recognised and protected, whilst also being a new way for citizens to demonstrate their opinions, often conveyed via the internet. Such positions often share a spontaneous and immediate nature, as well as taking highly eclectic forms. Polysemous and constantly evolving in terms of its content, public order limits the freedom of demonstration of which it is a corollary. Consequently, a balance between the two is required, illustrated by tolerance on the part of the administrative authorities of a certain degree of disorder. It is currently the only way to reconcile the interests of public authority and gatherings mobilised in the streets. One of the main tasks of police forces is to maintain order. Preventive mechanisms and operations intended to re-establish public order must be guided by necessity and proportionality, which are recognised at European and national levels, thus ensuring the legitimacy of police intervention. The aim pursued by this research is to attempt to define a single set of rules governing gatherings, based on public order within a consistent and relevant system, which is an indicator of the level of democracy in modern systems. That guiding principle is based on legislation, case law and jurisprudence, as well as the practicalities of maintaining public order
Dechaud, Julien. "La lutte contre le dopage et les droits fondamentaux des athlètes : contribution à l'étude de l’ordre public sportif". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCF001.
Testo completoFundamental rights and freedoms are often exploited, either to denounce the threats weighing on them, or to affirm their existence in a more or less solemn manner. They are at the heart of an ideological discourse which aims to ensure their promotion, but which at the same time reveals the fragility of the very notion of “fundamental rights and freedoms”. Doping is inseparable from the logic of competition; the world of sport is in a logic of records. Doping consists, for athletes, of artificially improving their performance through the use of prohibited substances or methods; it is a practice which is not only likely to endanger the health of athletes, but which also constitutes a form of cheating contrary to the founding values and principles of competitive sport: fair competition and equality of competitors. If doping has no legal reality and is only sanctioned in sport, doping is present in all spheres of society. How many students, police officers and lawyers take drugs in order to improve their performance or keep up with the required work pace? In sport, the act of doping is initially defined based on a material criterion: the establishment by the results of the analysis of samples taken of the presence of prohibited substances or the use of a prohibited method. However, other behaviors are prohibited in terms of doping even though they do not consist of the ingestion of prohibited substances (failure to comply with localization obligations which weigh on certain athletes, the association, in a professional or sporting capacity, to a person who has been suspended or convicted for committing an anti-doping rule violation, etc.). Sport is therefore subject to a number of more or less restrictive obligations in order to make anti-doping effective. However, certain measures are also protective, as evidenced by the regime of authorization of use for therapeutic purposes in order to preserve the health of the athlete. It seems possible to draw a parallel between the fight against doping and the preservation of public order. Should we agree to cut back on this or that right in order to preserve or achieve this or that higher objective, however laudable it may be? Are restrictions on rights and freedoms within the sports movement as part of the fight against doping necessary and essential? Or, on the contrary, are these restrictions disproportionate, unjustified and therefore liberticidal? Likewise, are the protective measures sufficient and appropriate? For Machiavelli, the goal of politics is not morality but success: “the end justifies the means, when the end is good” (The Prince)
Xu, Chong. "Construction d’une administration de sécurité : défense et maintien de l’ordre public dans la Concession française de Shanghai, 1849-1919". Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IEPP0011.
Testo completoThis doctoral thesis focuses on a question that has been little studied by the historiography of modern China but that is nevertheless fundamental to the understanding of imperialism in the modern history of this nation. By positioning itself at the intersection of three historiographical camps that are connected and yet distinct—urban history, the history of empires, and the history of the forces of law and order—this thesis will seek to emphasise the idea that the circulation of the skills and knowledge-base of a modern state were an example of “statecraft” within the city of Shanghai, which occupied an intermediary position between the European empires and the Chinese state. The primary focus of the thesis is the issue of defence and the maintenance of public order in the French Concession of Shanghai as being indicative of the relations that existed between the French and local authorities, the possible tensions between the empires, the administrative hierarchy of the French Empire on the ground, and the distribution of the power of military command between the civil and military authorities. The objective is to shed light on the shaping of the municipal administration of Shanghai before the establishment of the Kuomintang municipal authority in 1927 on three levels: what form did relations between the three municipalities within the city take? How did the French authorities build a security administration on the ground? Lastly, how did this security administration respond to the challenges of war and military conflict?
Gee, Nicholas. "Trouble in the garden : exploring the ambivalence of public space and private property". Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2012. http://research.gold.ac.uk/7809/.
Testo completoRamírez, Reyes Santiago. "L’affinement des mécanismes liés à l’ordre public dans le choix de la loi applicable aux contrats internationaux : regards franco-mexicain". Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D088.
Testo completoThe concepts of public policy and overriding mandatory rules are to be found within the vocabulary of the general theory of conflict of laws. It is legitimate to ask whether this statement of principle can be illustrated by a French-Mexican comparison. The relevance of such a comparison may seem doubtful, given France's participation in a more or less unifying process, due to its membership of the European Union; whereas Mexico, on the other hand, is organized around a "federal pact". However, the comparison remains relevant as we can observe that the relationship between the nation-state and private international law inexorably passes through the prism of sovereignty and that France and Mexico remain masters of their sovereignty at the international level. This analysis is made possible thanks to the existence of a common historical background and a common legal culture, contractual matters are specifically targeted due to their high level of sensitivity to the influence of public policy. However, private international law has evolved since the identification and construction of the broad categories of the public policy and overriding mandatory rules, which have led to a number of developments whose orientation will have to be verified. These specification elements as multiple as they are varied, such as fundamental rights, protection of the weaker party, constitutional review and proportionality, among others, renders this study an opportunity to highlight the evolving nature of mechanisms related to public policy in international private contract law
Oosterlinck, Kim. "Sovereign debts in trouble times". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211300.
Testo completoGardiner, Max. "The trouble with Translink? Assessing the forms of accountability in use within a Canadian public transit agency". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/63926.
Testo completoArts, Faculty of
Political Science, Department of
Graduate
Franco, Olivia. "L’ordre public, obstacle à l’harmonisation ou trait d’union entre les droits ? L’exemple du droit des sociétés et des procédures d’insolvabilité : étude de droit européen et de droit comparé". Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100098.
Testo completoPublic order is an evasive concept. In domestic legal systems as well as in the European legal system, it conveys diverse meanings. Nevertheless, it is a necessary concept. It is indeed irreducible to other similar concepts: unavailability, illegality and mandatory rules. Although it is hard to define, the concept of public order can be identified thanks to its singularity. Identification criteria such as the wording of the rule and its sanction are generally retained. They are however insufficient and can be usefully completed with the determination of the interest of the rule, the taking into account of its value and the putting of the rule into its context. Thus, the scope of public order being defined, this concept has undeniable advantages from a comparative viewpoint, which subject matter is the domestic legal systems of the European Union. It is a necessary notion for the harmonisation of law in general, and of commercial law in particular. Indeed, the harmonisation of commercial law has to abide by the rules of public order. These rules appear then as an element of explanation for past failures. Whether the obstacles to the harmonisation have been linked to a “structural public order” or to a “functional public order”, these obstacles can be explained by the diversity of the rules of public order. However more than an obstacle, the rules of public order constitute an element of union between the various domestic laws. The protection of some categories of individuals, the war against abuse and fraud, are indeed common goals that are better translated into rules of public order
Sykes, Justin. "The Trouble With Transfer Pricing, and How to Fix It". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/963.
Testo completoQuan, Wei. "Sino-US strategic and economic dialogue mechanism : is it a trouble-shooter or just empty talk?" Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2595576.
Testo completoNuʿaymī, Sulṭān Muḥammad Al. "Les opérations de maintien de l'ordre par les forces de police : problèmes récents de légitimité". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0107/document.
Testo completoThe maintenance of order is one of the main tasks of the police force, public order being a prerequisite for life in society. For nearly ten years, the legitimacy of law enforcement has been in question because of large-scale protest movements for political reasons such as the Arab spring, but also in the name of economic, social and environment developments, in Western countries. The law enforcement operations respond to the overflowing challenges. They are not intended to reduce freedom of expression. They frame the gatherings in the interest of the participants and protect the society against the actions of violent elements. Internationally recognized principles of necessity and proportionality ensure the legitimacy of police interventions. Excessive use of force sometimes leads to questioning the legitimacy of the police and more broadly that of the state. While all countries periodically face regrettable acts, some resort systematically to repression to reduce political opposition or protect personal interests. Contestation of the overflowing of law enforcement operations then becomes a reason for protest, fueling a permanent disorder. The maintenance of order has become a political issue that poses complex legal and technical challenges for police forces. The legitimacy of policing depends on the decisions of the executive, but also on the way these operations are conducted on the field. Legitimacy determines the effectiveness of the maintenance of order
Quiñón, Aarón, Almendra Rodríguez e Jair Alva. "Presidents in trouble: Presidential approval of Alan García (2005-2011) and Ollanta Humala (2011-2016)". Politai, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/91602.
Testo completoEl Perú es un país presidencialista que ha sido, además, caracterizado como una democracia sin partidos y un sistema político escasamente institucionalizado. En este contexto, el liderazgo presidencial es importante para explicar la dinámica política del país. Desde el retorno a la democracia en el 2001, los presidentes ingresan con altos niveles de aprobación y culminan con niveles muy bajos. Paradójicamente, esta dinámica se desarrolla en un contexto de crecimiento económico y el boom de los commodities, discutiendo con las principales explicaciones de comportamiento político centradas en desempeño económico, la afiliación partidaria y liderazgo político. Sin embargo, poco se ha discutido sobre la relación entre el sistema político y la dinámica presente en la aprobación presidencial. A partir de un análisis de los procesos y dinámicas políticas de los gobiernos de Alan García (2005 -2011) y Ollanta Humala (2011-2016), la presente investigación sostiene que existe una estrecha relación entre el sistema político peruano post-Fujimori y los elevados niveles de desaprobación presidencial. En este sentido, la alta desaprobación presidencial será el reflejo de una clase política deslegitimada debido a la permanencia de un discurso antipartido, incumplimiento de las promesas electorales, ausencia de un aparato partidario sólido y un sistema económico poco redistributivo, siendo estas las características del sistema político post-Fujimori. Finalmente, la personalidad del presidente, su capacidad de gestión e iniciativa, y el manejo de las coyunturas políticas serán cruciales para demostrar la fragilidad de la figura presidencial. De esta manera, la dinámica de crecimiento económico ha evidenciado la precariedad institucional del sistema político peruano reflejándose en la desaprobación presidencial.
Doré, Francine. "Le trouble d'anxiété sociale à l'adolescence : traitement par exposition de la peur de parler en public par la réalité virtuelle". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2008. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2791.
Testo completoAnderson, Lindsey B. "Big Trouble for the Big Three: An Audience Perspective of the Appropriateness and Effectiveness of the Big Three Automakers’ Image Repair Strategies". Thesis, Connect to resource online, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/2184.
Testo completoTitle from screen (viewed on July 18, 2010). Department of Communication Studies, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): John Parrish-Sprowl, Kristina Horn Sheeler, Ronald Sandwina. Includes vitae. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 133-138).
Correia, Vincent. "L’Union européenne et l’ordre international de l’aviation civile : la contribution de l'Union européenne aux évolutions contemporaines du droit aérien international". Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR40050.
Testo completoThe way in which the Member States have redefined the conditions regarding how they exercise their air sovereignty, by progressively transferring power to the European Union, cannot be viewed solely as them removing and reducing their individual powers. The powers conferred to the European Union in aviation matters are resulting in an affirmation of the international role of Europe as a whole. This on-going, and as yet incomplete process, may be seen in a greater recognition of the specific European aspect regarding Civil Aviation. In spite of the hesitance of Member States and non-member States, the European Union has progressively taken its place among the key players, able to influence developments in modern aviation law, in the same way as other established aviation authorities and especially the United States. These new trends reveal the flexibility and elasticity of the Chicago Convention and the potential future developments in International Civil Aviation
Lockmer, Eric J. "Street-Level Bureaucrats Defining, Responding to, and Negotiating Trouble: CIT Officers’ and Mental Health Professionals’ Experiences in Defining and Responding to Crisis Situations with the Mentally Ill". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1306946250.
Testo completoDagnicourt, Éric. "Les gardiens de la cité : la Garde républicaine (1871-1914)". Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040186.
Testo completoThe Republican Guard, between 1871 and 1914, an atypical unit of the French Gendarmerie (military police), is comprised of joint military forces, combining horseback and foot patrols, which is mainly on duty in the city of Paris. The goals of this thesis are to specify its connection to the previously existing units, describe its specific character in terms of organization, operations and infrastructures, to decipher and dissect its domestic and municipal service in order to compare it with that of other French military regiments and Gendarmerie legions, to define the role of these “guardians of the city” within the Gendarmerie of this period and compare it with that of our current Republican Guard.Divided into three parts, this thesis consecutively examines :- the components of the Guard’s infantry and cavalry, its regimental organization and administration, its various inner mechanisms and composition, its recruitment, symbolism and uniforms;- its daily life, military and municipal training, barracks and discipline;- the public roadway police in Paris and the forces which ensure it, the influence of police headquarters on the Guard, its role in maintaining and reestablishing order.The working hypothesis is to show how different the Republican Guard of the Belle Epoque is compared to the current Guard, so similar to it in its shape, performances, traditions, and establishment, so far-removed in its sole purpose of presidential guard, guardian of the French Republic’s establishments
Taisne, Mylène. "Assistant numérique et trouble du spectre de l'autisme (TSA). Évaluation de Ben le Koala se brosse les dents auprès d'enfants avec et sans TSA dans le cadre familial". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPHF0001.
Testo completoBeyond the figures and definitions, the history of recognition of autism or autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is long and marked by suffering. Under pressure from families, screening and support for children with ASD has become a public policy concern. The development of new digital technologies has encouraged the emergence of innovative technical aids to support learning and socialisation. Against this backdrop, in 2013 a Lille-based association, Signes de sens, produced a digital application called Ben le Koala. Easily accessible, it has diversified over time to offer children mime-based tutorials or capsules on everyday life, sport and leisure activities. Using a working methodology based on the sociology of portraits, the thesis aims to evaluate this digital assistant in the "Ben the Koala brushes his teeth" scenario. Twelve families, and more specifically twelve mothers, agreed to take part in the study and tell us, through semi-directive interviews, about their own experience and that of their children with Ben the Koala. The verbatims show that the children have made undeniable progress in brushing their teeth, which is the primary effect sought. The evaluation also reveals the very positive collateral effects of the application for children with ASD in terms of autonomy, personal development and well-being. So the benefits of such an application go far beyond simply learning about hygiene, and improve the lives of children and their families in depth
Dagnicourt, Éric. "Les gardiens de la cité : la Garde républicaine (1871-1914)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040186.
Testo completoThe Republican Guard, between 1871 and 1914, an atypical unit of the French Gendarmerie (military police), is comprised of joint military forces, combining horseback and foot patrols, which is mainly on duty in the city of Paris. The goals of this thesis are to specify its connection to the previously existing units, describe its specific character in terms of organization, operations and infrastructures, to decipher and dissect its domestic and municipal service in order to compare it with that of other French military regiments and Gendarmerie legions, to define the role of these “guardians of the city” within the Gendarmerie of this period and compare it with that of our current Republican Guard.Divided into three parts, this thesis consecutively examines :- the components of the Guard’s infantry and cavalry, its regimental organization and administration, its various inner mechanisms and composition, its recruitment, symbolism and uniforms;- its daily life, military and municipal training, barracks and discipline;- the public roadway police in Paris and the forces which ensure it, the influence of police headquarters on the Guard, its role in maintaining and reestablishing order.The working hypothesis is to show how different the Republican Guard of the Belle Epoque is compared to the current Guard, so similar to it in its shape, performances, traditions, and establishment, so far-removed in its sole purpose of presidential guard, guardian of the French Republic’s establishments
Morton, Anne-luce. "Les politiques sécuritaires envers les populations d’origine antillaise et africaine de Brixton et Woolwich et leurs incidences sociales à Londres, (2005-2008)". Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040064.
Testo completoThis research focuses on the safety policies regarding the black communities in Brixton and Woolwich (Woolwich Riverside and Woolwich Common wards) during the years 2005-08. It explores how the local authorities managed to adjust and adapt the national policies and laws to their own priorities and goals. First, the ethnicity and social background of the population in those two areas are studied (Part I). Then, it focuses on the different kinds of anti-social behaviour and criminality and determines how the black communities are involved, either as victims or perpetrators (Part II). What tools the local authorities have at their disposal, what kind of partnerships they establish to fight against anti-social behaviours, crime and violence are analysed in the last part of this work (Part III). This research is mainly focused on the years 2005-2008, but the riots in August 2011 as well as the last census results (2011) will be discussed. The local safety policies in Brixton prove to be more originals than in Woolwich, which can be partly explained by the recent history of the area
Le, Gal Sébastien. "Origines de l'état de siège en France (Ancien Régime-Révolution)". Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30098.
Testo completoIn France, following previous Constitutions, the state of siege gained acceptance under the Constitution of the Fifth Republic (art. 36); many countries abroad adopted it. This fact leaves a gaping paradox: even if France adopts the first emergency legislation, it does not mean that it provides an in depth reflection on what is the state of emergency. The study of the genesis and history of the state of siege reveals the reasons for such a paradox. Originally, the state of siege was a technical measure of military law (law of July 8-10, 1791), which provided that in certain circumstances, public order and police would transfer from the civil authority, competent on principle, to the military authority. Thus, law foresaw the reversal of the principle according to which the civil authority takes precedence over the military. During the Revolution, this measure was used to suppress the violent unrest that became more frequent inside the territory. Throughout the nineteenth century, successive governments had also recourse to it until the Supreme Court put an end to this practice in 1832. Consequently ,the legislator was forced to pass a bill - the Law of August 9, 1849 - which would frame precisely its use. This law truly is an emergency law, which means that it contravenes a principle enshrined in the constitutional order, depending on specific circumstances, for a circumscribed time and place. It also gives to the military authority enlarged powers which restrict civil liberties, and establishes the jurisdiction of military courts to judge non-military courts
Hebbadj, Leila. "L’avenir du droit de l’enfance délinquante". Thesis, Lille 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL2D015/document.
Testo completoThe French juvenile justice system isbased on a speciallawwhichwaswrittenin 1945. The first philosophy of thistextwas to protect and not onlypunish the juvenileoffenders. However, severalrecentlaws have changedthisphilosophy and the lisibility of the currentjuvenile justice system. Our thesis serve twopurposes. In one hand, wewant to demonstratethat the international and the constitutionalnorms about the juveniledeliquency have someweaknesseswhichexplain the current situation. We propose some solutions in order to reinforcethesesupremnorms. In the other hand, wepresentsome propositions and arguments about the future French juvenile justice system reform
Panel, Louis N. "« Forcer, au besoin, leur obéissance » ? : la Gendarmerie nationale et la Grande Guerre des Français (1914-1918)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040072.
Testo completoBecause of its long duration as much as because of the vast number of troops engaged, the First World War posed the problem of maintaining order and discipline in the French armies in a particularly acute form. The task fell in a large part to the Gendarmerie, detachments of which were stationed in the armies’ sector since the outbreak of war. On several occasions the Gendarmerie had been reorganized. After having supervised the mobilization, it provided security for army movements and was responsible for traffic control. In the troop encampments the gendarmes of the military police enforced obedience to orders and ensured the implementation of directives from the (army) command. During the battle, they were arranged in roadblocks to repress deserters, whom they pursued up to the inland. Among their duties, there was also the administration and surveillance of military prisons, a task soon recognised to be a ‘nightmare’ for the service. In certain circumstances, when large masses of troops were jam-packed together, the Gendarmerie even assumed responsibility for soldiers’ personal hygiene and welfare. However, by the end of the war, the men’s respect for the Gendarmerie had declined markedly, evidenced by the spreading of the legend of gendarmes hanged by the rank-and-file
Panel, Louis N. "« Forcer, au besoin, leur obéissance » ? : la Gendarmerie nationale et la Grande Guerre des Français (1914-1918)". Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040072.
Testo completoBecause of its long duration as much as because of the vast number of troops engaged, the First World War posed the problem of maintaining order and discipline in the French armies in a particularly acute form. The task fell in a large part to the Gendarmerie, detachments of which were stationed in the armies’ sector since the outbreak of war. On several occasions the Gendarmerie had been reorganized. After having supervised the mobilization, it provided security for army movements and was responsible for traffic control. In the troop encampments the gendarmes of the military police enforced obedience to orders and ensured the implementation of directives from the (army) command. During the battle, they were arranged in roadblocks to repress deserters, whom they pursued up to the inland. Among their duties, there was also the administration and surveillance of military prisons, a task soon recognised to be a ‘nightmare’ for the service. In certain circumstances, when large masses of troops were jam-packed together, the Gendarmerie even assumed responsibility for soldiers’ personal hygiene and welfare. However, by the end of the war, the men’s respect for the Gendarmerie had declined markedly, evidenced by the spreading of the legend of gendarmes hanged by the rank-and-file
Lopez, Laurent. "Gendarmes et policiers, coacteurs de la sécurité publique sous la Troisième République (1870-1914)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040058.
Testo completoThis doctoral thesis aims at studying the professional relationships established between the police forces and the gendarmes in terms of both judicial police and law enforcement during the 1870-1914 period in France, including the Paris area.The relationships at stake relate to the Sûreté Générale officers-special railway police and judicial police mobile squads as well as municipal police-officers especially those from the Paris Prefecture de Police (main areas police headquarters), with the Department brigade gendarmes, including those of the Seine company, and also the Republican Guard.Understanding this relationship, in terms of both complementing and opposing, may only result from putting in perspective the social profiles of the gendarmes and police-officers we have focused on, so as to try to single out the individual elements that may influence their professional relationships. Describing the different ways the police-officers and gendarmes worked impels us to go back to the ways those two institutions perceived each other during various periods. Taking into account the way gendarmes perceived police-officers, and vice versa, enables one to explain why the relationship established in the field either succeeded or failed, as far as judicial policing or law enforcement were concerned. The information relating to the way they pictured one another mainly comes from the reading of memoirs written by some police-officers as well as pamphlets written by some gendarmes as expressed in their respective presses
Le, Gal Sébastien. "Origines de l'état de siège en France (Ancien régime - Révolution)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30098.
Testo completoIn France, following the previous Constitutions, the State of Siege has gained acceptance under the Constitution of the Fifth Republic (art. 36); abroad, many countries have adopted it. This fact leaves a gaping paradox: if France adopts the first emergency legislation, it does not mean that the country provides an in depth reflection on what is the state of emergency. The study of the origins and history of the siege reveals the reasons for such a paradox. Martial law was originally a technical provision of military law (law of July 8-10, 1791), which provides that in certain circumstances, public order and police are transferred from the civil authority, naturally competent to the military authorities. Thus, the law provides for the reversal of the principle that the civil authority takes precedence over the military. During the Revolution, this provision is used to suppress the violent unrest that become more frequent inside the territory. During the nineteenth century, successive regimes also use it until the Supreme Court in 1832, provides a stop to this practice. The legislator is forced to enact – the Law of August 9, 1849 – which regulates precisely its use. This law is truly an emergency law, in the meaning that it contravenes a principle enshrined in the constitutional order, depending on specific circumstances, for a circumscribed time and place. It also gives to the military authority enlarged powers that restrict civil liberties, and establishes the jurisdiction of military courts to try non-military
Lopez, Laurent. "Gendarmes et policiers, coacteurs de la sécurité publique sous la Troisième République (1870-1914)". Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040058.
Testo completoThis doctoral thesis aims at studying the professional relationships established between the police forces and the gendarmes in terms of both judicial police and law enforcement during the 1870-1914 period in France, including the Paris area.The relationships at stake relate to the Sûreté Générale officers-special railway police and judicial police mobile squads as well as municipal police-officers especially those from the Paris Prefecture de Police (main areas police headquarters), with the Department brigade gendarmes, including those of the Seine company, and also the Republican Guard.Understanding this relationship, in terms of both complementing and opposing, may only result from putting in perspective the social profiles of the gendarmes and police-officers we have focused on, so as to try to single out the individual elements that may influence their professional relationships. Describing the different ways the police-officers and gendarmes worked impels us to go back to the ways those two institutions perceived each other during various periods. Taking into account the way gendarmes perceived police-officers, and vice versa, enables one to explain why the relationship established in the field either succeeded or failed, as far as judicial policing or law enforcement were concerned. The information relating to the way they pictured one another mainly comes from the reading of memoirs written by some police-officers as well as pamphlets written by some gendarmes as expressed in their respective presses
Laramée, Philippe. "Directives nationales et évaluation des technologies de santé : la justesse des processus nationaux d’évaluation des technologies de Santé et des éléments d’évidences développés pour l’optimisation des bénéfices de Santé Publique, et l’application à la gestion des troubles liés à la consommation d’alcool associée à la précision méthodologique du développement d’évidences". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10028.
Testo completoThe current thesis discusses national processes of Health Technology Assessment (HTA) in Europe, Australia and Canada, with a central reference to the one proposed by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in England. This is with a focus on the manner decisions about healthcare technologies are taken, based on which considerations and evidence, and with which weight the evidence elements are interlinked with regard to public health implications. The thesis analyses the development of recommendations of care to allow access to the most clinicallyand cost-effective treatments available, based on the best and most up-to-date evidence, and on the consensus from collaboration between clinicians, scientists, health economists, health service managers, as well as patients. Additionally, is discussed the value of covering all components of a disease evolution in assessing in continuum the different steps of disease management. This aims to allow the optimal generation of public health benefits in interlinking appraisals across different stages of disease for a generalist assessment of care, considering that recommendations in some aspects of care can call for more flexibility or constraints in other aspects. With an application to the management of alcohol use disorders, alcohol dependence and attributable harmful consequences, the thesis contextualizes and analyses decisions in the development of health economics and outcomes research evidence, the choice of methodology and directions taken, and their interpretation for optimal generation of public health benefits
Zhukova, Olga. "Agenda politique et régime de genre : comparaison socio historique des évolutions en Russie et en France". Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40020/document.
Testo completoThis thesis discusses the gender order of two national cases studies – Russia and France. The current situations with regards to gender order are specific to each country and have evolved from differing contexts. However, this thesis proposes that the development of gender order has passed through similar stages, both in Russia and France, despite different historical backgrounds and political systems. In addition, it is proposed that resemblances in the development of gender order are primarily affected by public policy in both countries which supports an order of gender equality. This politically-influenced gender inequality is reflected by the political structure which forms a pyramid structure. The gender order model provides a heuristic theoretical framework in which to analyse gender-relations in the contemporary societies and institutions of each country; along with the opportunity to examine gender-relations from an historical perspective. The aim of this research is to investigate the different facets of the development of gender-relations within a political context in Russia and France. The research methodology incorporates a consideration of the theoretical background to gender-relations, the impact of each country’s development on gender order from an historical viewpoint, and reviews of contemporary case studies. Importantly, a comparative study of this kind allows the idea of national identity to be appraised from an objective viewpoint
Joubert, Didier. "Libertés, Droit, Désordres : les violences émeutières dans l'espace urbain, dynamique des phénomènes et organisation de la réponse sociale". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3021.
Testo completoThe object of the research is to highlight that rioting violence cannot be dealt with without an evolution of the legal framework and public-order policing inherited from our History. Our way to manage public-order policing is particularly suitable to our French traditional demonstration pattern. It is significant and exemplary in many respects but that alone cannot close the debate about the forms of social reaction that would be necessary to answer the various forms of the repertoire of protest especially the complex dynamics of rioting disorders.Even though the demonstration, its framing by the police and its legal framework are both an order issue and a cultural issue, rioting acts of violence are a natural irascible behaviour of the human nature. Riots are an object and an issue which translate into in recurring urban crises and the difficulty to satisfactorily deal with them.From an operational point of view and from a judicial one, there is a wide range of answers to the disorders but this results in a double embarrassment:• Riots are very often a means of expression. Consciously or not, the judge and the policy-maker have frequently been indulgent with these behaviours in a legal context in which freedom of expression is a fundamental human right and demonstrating a conquest without equivalent in our country. Social and judicial answers are characterized by indulgence, sometimes legitimate, sometimes inadequate and often ill-understood.• Policing and the tools of the law that were shaped by the legal framework and the culture of demonstration can prove to be inadequate to cope with urban riots and they can result in various as well as inappropriate answers like the trivialization of emergency legal schemes and the sedimentation of a culture of clash between people and the police.The repercussion and identification concept and the analysis of the rebel and unsubdued bouts of anger pave the way to an adaptation of the law and the social response aiming at balancing both the expression of the basic rights and the preservation of public peace in urban areas. This is what is at stake with the dialectics « Liberties – Law – Disorder »
Prieur, Florent Marcel. "Dompter une ville en colère : Genèse, conception et mise en œuvre de la police d’État de Lyon 1800-1870". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20076.
Testo completoThe law of 19th June 1851 which establishes state control over the police of Lyon marks a major break in the history of urban policing in France. Since the French Revolution, mayors were in charged of the police in all the French municipalities, Paris excepted. From 1851, Lyon thus became an exception. Because it differenced itself by its recurring revolts since the end of the XVIIIth century, because it is considered as the capital of the southeast-part of France and because its population appeared unanimously as refusing any kind of domination, it was considered as a rebel city. During the "people’s spring" marked by the regular uprisings of the partisans of the democratic and social Republic, in June, 1848 then in June, 1849, Lyon became for the authorities, the headquarters of all those who wanted to turn upside down social order in France and even in Europe. Yet, during this period, the police of Lyon gave daily proofs of a total failure to fight criminality, in spite of a general reorganization tempted in autumn 1848.In reaction, the Parisian power gradually put Lyon "outside the common law". The city and its suburbs were firstly deprived of their national guards in July 1848, unlike the other municipalities, because its guards were perceived, between the Rhône and the Saône, as weak in front of riots and quick to turn around against the army and the police. On June 15th 1849, a new uprising burst in Lyon. Repressed by the army, it engaged the general reform of the administrative and police organization of the city and the suburbs. Lyon and the five departments of the 6th military division had immediately been are placed and maintained under state of siege. Firstly tried in autumn 1849, the reform succeeded with the law of 19th June 1851. From then on, Lyon had a state-controlled police, in the hands of the prefect of the Rhône who became a prefect of police, acting in a new administrative entity, the Lyon agglomeration, which included a dozen municipalities and suburbs. The decree of March 24th, 1852 made this reform succeed, by suppressing the mayor and by attributing its functions to the prefect, by annexing the suburban municipalities and by dividing the city into five districts. On the police plan, services were reorganized until 1854, on the basis of the models of Paris, London and Geneva.The State police of Lyon crossed the Second Empire and became the model from which the polices of the prefectures of more than 40 000 inhabitants passed under state control in 1855. Nevertheless, the State police is contested during the 1860s, in the Legislative Corps and the General Council of the Rhône. The republican asked for the restoration of an elected municipality in Lyon, seen as the first step of the return of the city in the police "common law". Gradually, political surveillance of the urban space became increasingly difficult, and the police staff seemed insufficient. Nevertheless, it was the defeat of Sedan that would mark the end of the State police. Once the Republic had been proclaimed, the municipality of Lyon just recomposed took back immediately the direction of the police on September 4th, 1870
Rabut, Gaëlle. "Le préjudice en droit pénal". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0173/document.
Testo completoThe notion of prejudice habitually falls within the boundaries of civil law. As a traditionaland inescapable feature of this discipline, prejudice is today sparking off heated debates amongspecialists. Confronted with this new trend, criminal law experts can rightfully wonder about the placeof prejudice in criminal law. If the concept is little used in this law area, it is nonetheless not totallyunknown. However, the study of prejudice in criminal law will have to prove the irrelevance of thisnotion in that regard. This difference between civil and criminal law can be accounted for by thedistinct purposes of these two areas of the law. Whereas civil law aims at seeking redress for harminflicted on individuals, criminal law is guided by the imperative need to protect general interestthrough the maintenance of law and order.Thus, prejudice does not fall within the scope of the criminal offence theory. It is neither taken intoaccount in the process of defining offences by the lawmaker nor in the classification of the offence bythe trial court. Prejudice is not a constituent part of the infringement and thus is not tantamount to itsoutcome. Furthermore, the notion of prejudice plays a limited role in the theory of criminal lawprocedure. If prejudice appears as a condition governing the admissibility of a civil action brought incourt it is because it is perceived as a legal action for damages, for the sole purpose of monetarycompensation. On the other hand, prejudice is not a condition for criminal proceedings with thepurpose of punishing the offence
Boukhris, Takoua. "Utilisation d’antidépresseurs durant la grossesse et le risque du spectre du trouble autistique et du trouble du déficit d’attention avec ou sans hyperactivité chez l’enfant". Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21818.
Testo completoFragasso, Angela. "Approche famille-partenaire : perspective des gestionnaires, des intervenants et des parents d’enfants ayant un trouble neurodéveloppemental". Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22101.
Testo completoFusco, Nina Marie. "Media coverage outside the courtroom : public opinion of restrictions imposed on news journalists and psychological effects on crime victims". Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6051.
Testo completoAs media coverage has been shown to influence virtually everyone that it reaches, from its consumers to jurors in cases with pretrial publicity to eyewitnesses, the two studies that comprise the present dissertation respectively investigated the public’s opinion on imposing restrictions on the media in courthouses and the impact of media coverage on the mental health of crime victims. The Quebec government recently imposed restrictions on the media in courthouses in order to reduce the interference of journalists and cameramen. While the issue reached the Supreme Court of Canada, the public were found to be largely in favour of these restrictions in a preliminary study (Sabourin, 2006). The first part of this dissertation sought to further investigate this topic with a more representative sample of the population. Two hundred forty-three participants in six experimental groups filled out questionnaires that measured their opinion of these restrictions. There were two conditions with audiovisual clips showing either a media circus-like atmosphere or relatively calm proceedings in Quebec courthouses. A third control group did not view any audiovisual clips. There were also two versions of the twenty-item questionnaire where the questions were presented in reverse order. This study also found overwhelming support for the restrictions; nearly 79 percent of participants supported restricting media presence in courthouses. Interestingly, one experimental group did not – the control group that read statements that supported an absence of restrictions first. The second component of this dissertation examined the impact of the media on crime victims. Crime victims have been shown to be especially susceptible to mental health problems. Indeed, they are three times as likely as the general population to develop Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). One study confirmed this finding and found that crime victims who had negative impressions of the media coverage of their cases had the highest rates of PTSD (Maercker & Mehr, 2006). In the present study, twenty-three crime victims were interviewed using a narrative technique and completed two questionnaires that respectively measured their PTSD symptoms and anxiety. A great proportion of participants were found to have mental health symptoms and high scores on the Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R). The majority of the narratives of these participants were negative. The most common themes included in these narratives were self-blame and suspiciousness of others. Media coverage did not appear to be related to any mental health symptoms, although individual factors may explain why some participants were favourable towards the coverage and others were not. The findings of these two studies suggest that the public approves of restricting media presence in courthouses and that individual factors may explain how media coverage impacts crime victims. These results add to the literature that calls current practices used by the media to gain coverage into question.
Sabirova, Alina. "The association between childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder medication use and symptoms of mental health problems in adolescence : A 15-year longitudinal population-based study". Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20561.
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