Tesi: "True discourses"

1

Pires, Fabiana de Brito. "O envelhecimento do corpo da mulher nos Cadernos Vida e Equilíbrio". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/32303.

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O destacado lugar ocupado pelo corpo hoje – jovem, belo/saudável, ativo, feliz –, associado ao fluxo de informações veiculadas na mídia, propondo-nos cuidados necessários, moveu-me a olhar quem, como e o que se fala, na mídia impressa, para as mulheres com mais de 50 anos. Examinei alguns enunciados presentes nos Cadernos Vida (Zero Hora) e Equilíbrio (Folha de São Paulo) no ano de 2009, procurando chamar a atenção para as ―verdades‖ veiculadas, verdades essas que podem atuar como elementos constitutivos das subjetividades dessas mulheres e de seus comportamentos em relação a si. A presente pesquisa inscreve-se no campo dos Estudos Culturais, em suas vertentes pós-estruturalistas. No primeiro momento, falo das experiências que me impulsionaram a um estudo relacionado ao corpo na mídia jornalística e apresento as ferramentas teórico-metodológicas usadas nessa trajetória. No segundo momento, percorro brevemente diferentes modos de nomear o período da vida dos sujeitos vistos como velhos e a velhice – velho, idoso, terceira idade –, procurando mostrar que tais classificações são produções/ construções históricas, existindo, portanto, múltiplas formas de envelhecer, conforme a sociedade e a época. No terceiro momento, ao analisar características atribuídas e ensinamentos relacionados aos cuidados com o corpo das mulheres a partir dos 50 anos e em algumas situações relacionadas à menopausa, discuto como o corpo dessas mulheres vem sendo representado e posto em circulação nos Cadernos dos jornais mencionados acima. No quarto momento, analiso nesses Cadernos os discursos ―verdadeiros‖ direcionados à medicalização dos corpos, discursos que engendram práticas promotoras da pretensa vida saudável – hábitos alimentares, exercícios físicos, suplementos de reposição orgânica/metabólica, relações sociais afetivas, etc. –, destacando-se o papel das práticas sociais na constituição do modo como pensamos e agimos em relação ao nosso corpo hoje. Por fim, retomo o percurso deste estudo, falo sobre o que a pesquisa me possibilitou, as questões que ficaram em aberto e a vontade de que tais aprendizagens criem condições para que minha prática docente seja constantemente problematizada.
The remarkable place occupied by the body nowadays – a young, beautiful/healthy, happy body – associated with the flow of information spread by the media proposing its appropriate care caused me to look at who has talked about, as well as how and what has been said to women over 50 in the written media. I examined some utterances shown in the newspaper supplements called Vida (Zero Hora) and Equilíbrio (Folha de São Paulo) along 2009, seeking to draw attention to the ―truths‖ spread therein. Those truths may act as constituent elements of both those women‘s subjectivities and their behaviors towards themselves. This research was grounded on the field of Cultural Studies, in their post-structuralist streams. Firstly, I approached the experiences that have driven me towards a study of the body as presented in newspapers and I pointed out the theoretical-methodological tools used in this trajectory. Secondly, I approached different ways of naming both the life period of subjects seen as old and old age – old, elderly, third age – in an attempt to show that such classifications are historical constructions/productions, so that there are several ways of getting old, according to society and time. Thirdly, by analyzing characteristics attributed and teachings related to body care among women over 50 and in some situations related to menopause, I discussed how those women‘s body has been represented and shown in the supplements above mentioned. Fourthly, I analyzed in those supplements the ―true‖ discourses directed to the body medicalization. These discourses engender practices that enhance a supposed healthy life – nutritional habits, physical exercises, supplementation for organic/metabolic reposition, affective and social relationships, etc. – emphasizing the role of social practices in the constitution of the ways we think and act in relation to our body nowadays. Finally, I resumed the trajectory of this study, approaching what the research has enabled, the issues that remain to be discussed and the will that such learning allow my teaching practice to be constantly problematized.

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Eriksson, Marie. "Victim or murderer? : Discourse, representation & stereotypes in true crime". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för konst, kultur och kommunikation (K3), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-42417.

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This study explores the true crime documentary Murder to Mercy: The Cyntoia Brown Story and aims to investigate the protagonist Cyntoia Brown in relation to how her character and story is represented. Due to the consistent rise of awareness in equal rights, as well as the steady increase of black representation in popular television, one might think that it would reflect positively in mass media. Although there have been few changes to representation, the findings that are to be presented suggest otherwise. Narratives within television still heavily relies on stereotyping and following societal norms, which this study desires to expose through a discourse analysis.

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Wilton, Marion. "A multi-semiotic discourse analysis of feminine beauty in selected True Love magazine advertisements". University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4859.

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Magister Artium - MA
Advertising and media imagery shape attitudes about race and ethnicity, which means that advertising media play an influential part in constructing the frame through which individuals perceive racial differences and negotiate norms and ideas around ethnicity. Physical signifiers such as skin colour and hair are not only considered to be the most important facets in global beauty culture but are also seen as two principal phenotypes for racial classification (Mercer, 1987). These two attributes are also deeply situated within Black Feminist Discourse Studies and are therefore, culturally and socially significant (Erasmus, 1997; Hunter, 2002). As Dyer (1997:539) states: “every decision about a person’s worth is based on what they look like, what they speak, and where they came from.” Hence, body and hair politics point to power struggles which stem from historical discourses. As part of a capitalist environment, magazines such as True Love are also perceived as cultural commodities which occupy an important role in creating, transmitting and disseminating cultural meaning and in this regard, advertised texts are rich in cultural meaning and embedded with hidden ideologies. As a vehicle of social communication, True Love professes to be a mouth piece and a representative of the liberal, modern Black South African woman and portrays itself as a guiding companion and expert on womanhood (Laden, 2001). In this capacity, the magazine also creates and transmits messages about ideal feminine beauty. Following a multi-semiotic approach, by incorporating multimodality and social semiotics as proposed by Kress and Van Leeuwen (2006), Van Leeuwen (2006; 2008) and O’Halloran (2011, in press), beauty advertisements are scrutinized in terms of the different semiotic principles which afford for different meaning-making opportunities and interpretation. Critical discourse analysis suggested by Fairclough (1992) and Wodak (1995) renders a supportive function to this social semiotic multimodal framework, in order to critically explore how the notion of ideal feminine beauty is constructed in True Love and to establish how inter-semiotic relations are created, reinforced and function to sustain hegemonic ideas in present-day beauty advertisements. The findings suggest that socio-cultural meanings attached to phenotypic traits such as skin and hair remain significant in contemporary society as a result of the repeated themes in media, especially advertising. Moreover, the consequential emphasis on beauty culture and the omnipresence of idealised imagery in mainstream media are responsible for composing and sustaining the belief that Whiteness is the only valid prototype of beauty. The whitewashing of Black models show how idealised preferences in media prevail. Advertisements display how the message of White superiority and supremacy is constructed visually and verbally, ultimately producing an overall ‘visual language of Whiteness’ which leads to devaluing and erasing forms of Black identity, while enhancing forms of White representation. This paper exposes existing dominant cultural narratives in the True Love advertising discourse that simultaneously produce and inflate an idealised Eurocentric version of feminine beauty. The hegemonic standard of feminine beauty dictates that women conform to a specific ideal which involves engaging in practices such as skin lightening, hair straightening or wearing weaves. This dissertation concludes that digital alteration techniques and photographic manipulation are predominantly used in mass media to portray advertised images resembling ideals closer, which means that it effectively enhances rather than detracts from the norm. Thus, White women look Whiter, thinner, richer and blonder. Caucasian models in advertised texts all have light hair and are seldom portrayed with dark hair. Light-skinned Black women portray Western mediated standards through physical appearances which seem to emulate those of their White counterparts, which Hunter (2011) describes as the ‘illusion of inclusion’. Although this marketing strategy operates under the premise of fostering ethnic diversity and to include women from all racial backgrounds, it reinforces the belief that Anglo-Saxon beauty norms are the only valorised signifiers of idealised beauty. Essentially, having a light skin colour is associated with sophistication, social mobility, success and the resulting financial and economic well-being. Based on this, the magazine appears to promote and celebrate feminine beauty based on a Eurocentric ideal.

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Harms, Charissa. "Translating the True North: Exploring Representations of Canada Around the 2010 G8 and G20 Summits". Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30981.

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A country’s international reputation has profound implications for its citizens; given that national image or reputation is built and circulated using language on a global scale, translation is necessarily involved. This project draws on bilingual corpora of government and media texts to examine how Canada was framed in the discourses and narratives in circulation in its two official languages at the time of the 2010 G8 and G20 Summits, using concepts and techniques from Critical Discourse Analysis, narrative theory, and corpus linguistics. Examining some aspects of language in use such as collocation, semantic relations, and metaphor, several of the ways in which Canada was framed in the two contexts and languages were compared. The project concludes that discourses and narratives may differ between sources and languages, thereby highlighting the importance of recognizing the impact of translation on the variety of national representations within discourses and narratives.

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Foster, Paul Brendan. "Lu xun, Ah Q. "the true story of Ah Q" and the national character discourse in modern China /". The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487935958845846.

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6

Ahlgren, Törmoen Ronja, e Vanda Brandt. "Ät dig lycklig! : En kritisk diskursanalys av kostrådgivning i tre hälsomagasin". Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-64880.

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Healthy eating has become an important subject in society, particularly in the media. Food has always been a complex area but in recent years it has become even more distinct. Based on a critical discourse analysis, the purpose of this study is to examine and disclose what discourses that appear in articles regarding dietary counselling in three swedish health magazines, ToppHälsa, MåBra and Womens Health & Wellness. Analyzing three articles in each magazine we identified several discourses. The most prominent is the discourse about wellbeing. The majority of the articles reproduce this discourse by associating healthy eating with wellbeing. As the research field is limited, this study contributes with findings in a area that still needs further research.

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Janulyte, Greta. "Cause and Effect: A Case Study on True Fruits Controversial 2017 Adverts and Consumer Responses". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22674.

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This thesis sets out to design and execute an in-depth study of the True Fruits controversial advertisements by applying Encoding/Decoding as a theoretical model. It aims at examining visual rhetoric and through Critical Discourse Analysis understanding the cause and effect of the controversial True Fruits advertisements in their 2017 campaign. The research attempts to answer the question: ‘What happened on social media after True Fruits published their controversial advertisements in 2017?’. The thesis presents an analysis of True Fruits´ visual rhetoric in #jetztösterreichts campaign advertisements and then reveals consumer responses to it on social media in 2017. Thus, the thesis presents a comprehensive review of the relevant literature leading toward the key themes of German advertisement, controversial advertisement, and the representation of immigration in advertisements. Towards the end, it states the final remarks concluding the entire discussion and reflects upon the attempts that True Fruits made to communicate a political message and how consumers in social media responded to it.

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Wesslund, Jakob. "Klimatmöten enligt Dagens Nyheter : En kritisk diskursanalys av Dagens Nyheters rapportering från tre av FN:s klimatmöten". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för kultur- och medievetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-155928.

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The purpose of this study was to examine how the climate summits arranged by the UN in Kyoto 1997, Copenhagen 2009 and Paris 2015 was portrayed by the Swedish daily newspaper Dagens Nyheter. The purpose was also to examine how the problem of climate change was portrayed in the paper in conjunction with the above mentioned climate summits. This was done by using the method critical discourse analysis. A total of 39 articles published in Dagens Nyheter during the time of the different summits was thoroughly analyzed using the method. The results show that Climate change is consequently described as an important issue and a problem that could result in large consequences for the entire planet if the different negotiating parts at the summits could not reach an agreement. The negotiations are described as tough, with countries having big difficulties reaching an agreement. In articles from all three summits the negotiating parts will, or unwillingness, to cooperate and taking responsibility for the situation is described as a key factor in order for the summits to achieve success. However, the media discourse in Dagens Nyheter regarding what taking responsibllity actually means has changed between the different conferences. In the Kyoto-articles being a responsible actor for preventing climate change were described to act according to the line of action already established by the United Nations. However the articles from the meetings held in Copenhagen and Paris described responsibility as something that can only be performed within the political frameworks realm of possibllity.The results also show that solutions to the problem of climate change are described exclusively as something that needs to be done within a liberal economic framework. Economic growth is described as something necessary for countries to develop and humanity’s adjustments to climate change must therefore be done without disrupting the current economic balance too severely.

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Smith, Sibley Judson. "Selling America in the Seventeenth Century: The Contribution of Ralph Hamor's True Discourse to the Establishment of the English Colony in America". W&M ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625711.

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Moreira, Maicon Gularte. "¡Trae tus colores! : a (sex)usualidade no turismo LGBT". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2017. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/2659.

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Este trabalho propõe uma problematização do segmento de Turismo LGBT, com base na análise dos mecanismos de interpelação que são responsáveis pela produção do sujeito LGBT como um turista LGBT. Para isso, assume o folheto promocional da campanha “¡TRAE TUS COLORES!” como a materialidade de onde oito sequências discursivas são tomadas para compor o corpus de análise. Esta campanha, apoiada pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Turismo (EMBRATUR), promoveu o Brasil como um destino turístico LGBT em dezembro de 2014 nas cidades de Madrid e Valência, na Espanha. A análise do folheto promocional se filia aos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da Análise de Discurso francesa teorizada por Michel Pêcheux, que articula conceitos oriundos de três campos teóricos: da Psicanálise, do Materialismo Histórico e da Linguística. Por isso, aproxima os conceitos de sujeito e ideologia para discutir os mecanismos pelos quais a ideologia interpela esses sujeitos, autorizando alguns sentidos ao seu desejo inconsciente e desautorizando outros. Este processo, responsável por identificar o sujeito e censurar o desejo, produz deslocamentos de ordem psíquica e física, interpretados aqui como a busca pela realização do desejo através das viagens. Assume, portanto, que a impossibilidade de tomar uma posição, bem como de inscrever o desejo, é o que promove o deslocamento do sujeito, a pesquisa faz um retorno no campo do turismo. Esse último, é aproximado da noção de espetáculo (DEBORD, 1997), da qual é possível perceber a fetichização do desejo do sujeito na garantia da alienação desse sujeito de sua própria condição. Em seguida, demonstra pela análise das sequências discursivas selecionadas, o processo de produção de sentidos a partir das formações imaginárias (PECHEUX, 2014a). No caminho descrito, o trabalho sugere pensar o Turismo como um aparelho ideológico de Estado (ALTHUSSER, 2003), pois funciona como um campo de reprodução da ideologia dominante, que é a ideologia da classe dominante, responsável por regular os discursos que falam de e para os sujeitos LGBT. Discursos sobre uma sexualidade estigmatizada, inclusive através do Turismo, mobilizada em torno do significante sexo e intrinsicamente imbricada no jogo de forças ideológico de dominação desses sujeitos.
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This work proposes a problematization of LGBT Tourism segment, based on analysis of the interpellation mechanisms that are responsible for produce the LGBT subject as a LGBT tourist. To do this, assume the promotional leaflet of the campaign "TRAE TUS COLORES!" as the materiality from which eight discursive sequences are taken to compose the analysis corpus. This campaign, supported by the Brazilian Tourism Institute (EMBRATUR), promoted Brazil as an LGBT tourist destination in December 2014 in the cities of Madrid and Valencia, Spain. The analysis of the promotional leaflet is affiliated to the theorical-methodological dipositive of French Discourse Analysis theorized by Michel Pêcheux, articulating concepts from three theoretical fields: Psychoanalysis, Historical Materialism and Linguistics. For that reason, approaches the concepts of subject and ideology to discuss the mechanisms through which ideology interpellates these subjects, authorizing some senses to their unconscious desire and disallowing others. This process, responsible for identifying the subject and censor the desire, produces psychical and physical displacements, interpreted here as the search for the realization of desire through travel. Assume, therefore, that the impossibility of taking a position, as well as inscribing the desire, is what promotes the displacement of the subject, the research makes a return to the field of Tourism. The latter is approximated to the notion of spectacle (DEBORD, 1997), from which it is possible to perceive the fetishization of the subject's desire to guarantee the alienation of this subject from his own situation. Then, the analysis of the selected discursive sequences demonstrates the process of production of senses from the imaginary formations (PECHEUX, 2014a). In the way described, the work suggests think Tourism as an ideological apparatus of State (ALTHUSSER, 2003), because it functions as a field of reproduction of the dominant ideology, which is the ideology of the ruling class, responsible for regulating discourses that speak of and for LGBT subjects. Discourses about a stigmatized sexuality, including through Tourism, mobilized around the significant sex and intrinsically imbricated in the game of ideological forces of domination of these subjects.

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Johnson, Aaron Paul. "How is Citizenship Represented in Theory and Research in Social Education (TRSE)? A Content and Discourse Analysis". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71644.

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Theory and Research in Social Education (TRSE) is arguably considered the flagship journal of research in social studies education. TRSE has been published on an uninterrupted basis for more than 40 years, dating back to its first publication in October of 1973. Given the longevity of TRSE and its status within the social studies field, the journal has given considerable attention to the cause of citizenship and citizenship education, a cause the social studies field agreeably prides as its governing rationale and source of academic responsibility. According to its mission statement, TRSE serves to "foster the creation and exchange of ideas and research findings that will expand knowledge and understanding of the purpose, conditions, and effects of schooling and education about society and social relations"(NCSS, 2012, para. 1). As such, this dissertation study examines the creation and exchange of ideas concerning citizenship within TRSE over a 40-year period (1973-2013). Utilizing a multiple methods approach (both content and discourse analysis) this study identifies nine citizenship discourse categories emergent from the TRSE anthology that are situated within four Perspectives (Practical, Critical, Connected, and Technical) that locate each discourse category within a larger contextual frame. Additionally, the discursive formations that ultimately bind each discourse category across time are identified along with intertextual chains, interdiscursive attempts, and fields most commonly visited within each discourse category. This study sheds light on a systemic shift concerning the citizenship discourse within TRSE, one that, over time, is increasingly informed by a critical epistemological assumption or stance with regards to what may be considered the status quo of American political and civic life; the implications of which are discussed further.
Ph. D.

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Björnstedt, Helena. "ADHD i media. En diskursanalys av texter i tre svenska dagstidningar". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-25951.

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Samhället formas genom vårt språk och därför kan mänsklig kommunikation aldrig betraktas som neutral. Trots det missar den samhällsvetenskapliga forskningen ofta att belysa språkets betydelse för hur komplexa sociala fenomen framställs och förstås. Hur och i vilka sammanhang samhälleliga fenomen nämns och diskuteras i media påverkar hur människor uppfattar och förhåller sig till fenomenet i verkligheten. Det är i relationen mellan språk, kommunikation och samhälle den här studien har sitt fokus. Studien syftar till att undersöka hur diagnosen ADHD framställs i svenska dagstidningar. Studien har för avsikt att undersöka hur dagstidningstexter framställer ADHD i perspektiv som fokuserar på diagnos och funktionsförmåga. Vidare syftar studien till att belysa hur individuella erfarenheter och upplevelser skildras i dagstidningstexter. Tre svenska dagstidningar har valts ut och utifrån dessa har artiklar som berör ADHD analyserats. För att kunna uppfatta och förstå mönster och strukturer i texter som framställer ADHD är studiens utgångspunkt diskursteori. Diskurser fungerar som ett raster för vad som kan sägas, tänkas och skrivas om ett visst fenomen. Mänskliga handlingar och skeenden får genom diskurser en objektiv status vilket får effekten att de blir förgivettagna. Materialet i studien har analyserats med utgångspunkt i Norman Faircloughs kritiska diskursanalys som syftar till att belysa hur diskurser producerar och reproducerar ojämlika maktförhållanden i samhället. Resultatet tyder på att ADHD skildras ur ett antal återkommande diskurser, där främst en medicinsk diskurs dominerar. Personer som kommer till tals eller skildras i texterna upplevs ha ett motsägelsefullt förhållande till diagnosen. Det finns ett behov av att befinna sig inom diskursen för att ha rätt till samhällets stöd. Samtidigt motsätter sig personerna diagnosens stigmatiserande effekter. Studiens resultat visar att ADHD inte låter sig förklaras genom enstaka diskurser. Det krävs, precis som Fairclough hävdar, ett kritiskt ifrågasättande av intertextuella sammanhang för att förstå komplexiteten i ett fenomen som ADHD.
Society is shaped by our language and therefore human communication can never be considered neutral. Nevertheless, social science research often misses the importance of language for how complex social phenomena are produced and understood. How and in which contexts social phenomena are mentioned and discussed in the media affect how people perceive and relate to the phenomenon of reality. It is in the relationship between language, communication and society this study has its focus. The study aims at investigating how the diagnosis ADHD is presented in Swedish daily newspapers. The study intends to investigate how daily newspapers present ADHD in perspective that focuses on diagnosis and functional ability. Furthermore, the study aims at illustrating how individual experiences and events are depicted in newspaper articles. Three Swedish daily newspapers have been selected and from these, articles concerning ADHD have been analyzed. To detect and understand patterns and structures in texts that concern ADHD, the study takes origin in the discourse theory. Discourses act as a filter for what can be said, thought and written about a certain phenomenon. Human acts and occurrences are given an objective status through the discourse, which causes them to be taken for granted. The material in the study has been analyzed based on Norman Fairclough's critical discourse analysis aimed at illustrating how discourses produce and reproduce an uneven balance of power in society. The result suggests that ADHD is described by many recurring discourses, primarily dominated by a medical discourse. Persons who are spoken or portrayed in the texts are found to have a contradictory relationship to the diagnosis. There is a need to be in the discourse to be entitled to community support. At the same time, the individuals oppose to the stigmatizing effects of the diagnosis. The results of the study show that ADHD cannot be explained by single discourses. It is necessary, as Fairclough claims, to have a critical questioning of intertextual contexts to understand the complexity of a phenomenon such as ADHD.

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Wreder, Malin. "I omsorgens namn : Tre diskurser om äldreomsorg". Doctoral thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskap, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-2322.

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The aim of this study is to describe and analyse three different discourses on elderly care, as they emerge in statements from care staff and research. Each discourse centres on a sign, or pair of signs: care, education/professional competence, and the elderly/ageing. Drawing its main inspiration from Laclau and Mouffe, and Foucault, the analysis is made with regard to how the discourses are constructed, what they include and exclude. The discourse on care interconnects family, homeliness and mutuality. Empathy, a good attitude, family ideals endow elderly care with distinctly feminine connotations. Theoretical concepts such as rationality of care and an almost exclusive research focus on women’s work have tended to construct the same nexus. Unknowingly, or sometimes despite intentions, the discourse in this way reproduces conservative gender roles. A discourse on ‘anti-care’, exemplified by disorganisation and incompetent management, is also created and invested with responsibility for shortcomings. The discourse on education and professional competence centres on claims to medical and executive tasks by nurses, the struggle against deprofessionalisation of assistant nurses, and the attempt of nurse aids to resist categorisation as ‘anybody’. Education/training are considered important to raise work status, but also leading to an instrumental attitude and distance from the core of the occupation – care. The discourse on the elderly and ageing characterises them as lonely and depressed. Also being violent and ungrateful, their behaviour undermine the notion of mutuality. Social interaction and outdoor walks are presented as means to improve their situation. Fundamental to the discourse is an ambiguous approach to ageing as both natural and something to be deferred. Ageing is further presented as decivilisation process, in which gradual loss of control over the body is also a loss of human-ness. The body is, paradoxically, what both defines and disqualifies the elderly as fully human. The depersonalising and biographing procedures of elderly care, sequential but overlapping, display its proximity to Goffman’s total institution and Foucault’s panopticon. Conversation plays an important disciplinary part in encouraging the elderly to want to do right, i.e., be socially active, and avoid amoral or asocial habits like drink, sex or solitude.

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Nilsson, Mikael. "Låna Dig Rik : om en marknadsföringskampanj för folkbiblioteken i tre regioner och dess mottagande i lokalpressen". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kulturvetenskaper, KV, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-14732.

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The marketing campaign ”Låna dig rik” [Get rich by lending] involved 25 public libraries in three regions; Kronoberg, Kalmar and Blekinge. This paper examines 28 news-articles concerning this campaign, found in eight publications in the responding regions. The purpose of this is to determine to what extent the description of the campaign found therein responded to the intents of its founders and to what extent the public had a say in these articles. The result found indicates that the overall image of the campaign presented in the news-articles was well in correspondence with the intents of the campaign itself but that the public views where arguably absent.

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Nykvist, Olle. "Standing up for The Everyday Americans : The discursive articulation of the true ‘American’ in the Tea Party movement". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-53041.

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This thesis uses discourse theory on speeches made by four Tea Party elites: Glenn Beck, Ted Cruz, Sarah Palin, and Rand Paul, to see how they construct an American identity. My purpose is to show how the Tea party movement articulates the American identity by exploring the way in which they use chains of equivalences to produce meaning to their identity. My methodological tools rely on the framework developed by Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe, and further refined though the work of Norman Fairclough and David Howarth, where meaning is produced by articulating elements into nodal points that taken together constitutes a discursive hegemony based on inclusion and exclusion in social antagonisms, where the movement articulates who they are in relation to what they are not. My results indicate that the Tea Party movement does not find a way to stabilize a cohesive identity, instead their conception of the American identity exists within both a libertarian notion of freedom and liberty as the absence of external force, while at the same time articulating conservative social values such as God, family, and marriage; they also tow the line of dogmatic individualism and populist collectivist notions of a people and a nation. This shows how the Tea Party movement is an eclectic movement that bears similarity to historical conservative movements in America that has often articulated philosophical impulses that are conflicting and sometimes even incompatible with each other.

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16

Eddestål, Mathilda. "Vad säger hembrevet? : En kritisk diskursanalys av tre förskolors hembrev". Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och lärande, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-34563.

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Förskolan ska enligt Läroplanen för förskolan ha en samverkan med hemmet likväl som förskolan har ett jämlikhetsuppdrag. Med utgångspunkt att den skriftliga kommunikationen har möjlighet att nå samtliga vårdnadshavare studerar denna studie hembrev. Syftet med studien är att undersöka de ideologiska konsekvenserna som produceras genom hembrevet och hur dessa förhåller sig till det nationella uppdraget. De insamlade hembreven analyseras utefter Faircloughs tredimensionella modell som undersöker vilka diskurser som finns i texten för att sen analyseras i förhållande till den sociala praktiken. Även den interkulturella teorin används i diskussionen av hembrevets betydelse för samverkan. Resultatet visar flera exempel på hur förskolan producerar flera diskurser; den traditionella kompensatoriska hållningen dominerar, vilket innebär ett samarbete för en monokulturell grupp av rättsvaktare. Resultatet visar också exempel på komplementär hållning som innebär samarbete för en mångkulturell grupp av vårdnadshavare. Resultatet visar att det nationella uppdraget inte genomsyrar det insamlade materialet. Studien visar även att det enbart är de språk som pedagogerna representerar som avgör vilka vårdnadshavare som har möjlighet att få hembrev. En slutsats av studien är att förskolan behöver problematisera samverkan med anledning av interkulturalitetens betydelse för samtliga vårdnadshavares möjlighet till samverkan.
According to the curriculum, the preschool should have a cooperation with the legal guardians in the same way the preschool has an equality assignment. With the starting point that written communication has the potential to reach all legal guardians, this study is focusing on school letters. The purpose of this study is to investigate the ideological consequences that is produced through the letters and how these relates to the overall national assignment. The collected letters are analyzed through Fairclough’s three-dimensional model, which investigates the discourses of the text and later their relation to the social practice. The social practice also includes the intercultural theory in the analysis of the school letters importance for cooperation. The result shows multiple examples of how the preschool produces multiple discourses; the traditional compensational position is dominating, which imply a cooperation for a monocultural group of legal guardians. The result also shows a complementary view which imply cooperation for a multicultural group of legal guardians. The study also show that it is solely the languages the educators represents that determine which legal guardian has the possibility to receive school letters. A conclusion is that the educators in preschools should take the equality assignment into consideration with the cooperation.

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Piscini, Gianluca. "Anegnôn - Egnôn - Kategnôn. Aspects littéraires de la polémique antichrétienne dans l'Antiquité". Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR2023.

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Ce travail porte sur les fragments du Discours véritable de Celse, du Contre les chrétiens de Porphyre, du Discours ami de la vérité adressé aux chrétiens d’Hiéroclès et du Contre les Galiléens de Julien. Son but est d’étudier la façon dont ces traités antichrétiens se rattachent à la tradition littéraire de l’Antiquité. Dans une première partie, nous discutons des problèmes liés à l’étude de ces œuvres. Dans une deuxième partie, nous étudions l’emploi polémique des références littéraires chez les polémistes. Une troisième partie est consacrée aux attaques ad hominem contre les personnages bibliques et contre les chrétiens. Enfin, une quatrième partie étudie la forme littéraire de ces œuvres : le choix du titre et du public, mais aussi la structure et le genre littéraire
This work deals with the fragments of Celsus’ True Discourse, Porphyry’s Against the Christians, Hierocles’ Truthful Discourse to the Christians and Julian’s Against the Galileans. Its purpose is to study the way these anti-Christian treatises use the literary tradition of Antiquity. In the first part, we discuss some problems related to the study of these works. In a second part, we study the polemical use of literary references in these texts. A third part is devoted to ad hominem attacks against biblical characters and against Christians. Finally, a fourth part studies the literary form of these works : the choice of the title and the audience, but also their structure and their literary genre

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18

Nordström, Johanna. "Lyckliga i alla sina dagar? : Makt, kön och heterosexualitet i tre Disneyfilmer". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för kultur- och medievetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-101727.

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The purpose of this thesis was to examine the ways in which the constructions of heterosexuality and gender in three Disney movies about princesses affect the power relations between men and women in the movies, and how discourses on gender and heterosexuality have changed over time. Research questions were: How do characters in the movies talk about gender and heterosexuality? How does the interplay between gender and heterosexuality affect the power relations between men and women in the movies? What are the likenesses and differences between movies from different time periods? Discourses were mapped out using a model based on Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe’s political theories. These discourses were then analyzed with a theoretical framework consisting of Yvonne Hirdman’s concept of gender system and gender contracts, Judith Butler’s view on the heterosexual matrix and an understanding of power relations based on Michel Foucault. Results showed that the construction of gender and heterosexuality are intimately connected, as the main character’s desire or lack of desire for the prince was central to the plot in all three movies. Results also indicate that the most recent film was the most subversive in terms of constructions of gender and heterosexuality. Power relations between men and women remained relatively stable through all three movies, since most expressions of opposition did not really challenge patriarchal norms. My conclusion is that the development of gender portrayal in popular culture is going in the right direction, since women and girls now have access to a wider spectrum of gender expressions as exemplified in this study. But the lack of men venturing into areas and displaying behaviour traditionally associated with women suggests a reinforcement of a patriarchal structure where masculinity is viewed as preferable to femininity. This view is limiting men’s possibilities of expressing themselves, as well as downgrading women who express femininity.

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19

Abrahamsson, Daysury. "Colombianer på bioduken : Representationen av tre Hollywoodproducerade actionfilmer". Thesis, Linköping University, Department for Studies of Social Change and Culture, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-21157.

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Abstract (sommario):

The purpose of the thesis was to analyse three action films; Collateral Damage from 2002; Clear and Present Danger from 1994; and Scarface from 1983, in order to see how Colombians are represented in these movies.The action genre comprises of different stereotypes where the hero and the villain are represented in conjunction to each other. The analysis is about the way the films content and form are used to uphold the representation of Colombians, but also the villain and the hero more generally.

Critical Discourse Analysis was used, as main method, and the concepts of denotation and connotation guided the analysis. . The main conclusion is that the three movies reproduced an already established collective stereotype of Latin Americans, stereotype that includes both Colombia and Colombians.

Syftet med uppsatsen var att analysera tre actionfilmer: Collateral Damage från 2002; Clear and Present Danger från 1994; och Scarface från 1983 för att se hur Colombianer representeras i filmerna. Actiongenren består av olika stereotyper där främst actionhjälten och skurken ställs i relation till varandra. Analysen gick ut på att se på vilket sätt filmernas innehåll och form användes för att framhäva främst representationen av colombianerna, men även skurken och hjälten.

Som metod användes en kritisk diskursanalys där begreppen denotation och konnotation var vägledande.

Analysen visade att filmerna reproducerade en redan etablerad kollektiv stereotyp bild av latinamerikaner, som inkluderar både Colombia och colombianer.

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Ekström, Patricia, e Evelina Hellsten. "Råslätt : En diskursanalys av tre versioner av en stadsdel". Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ, Avd. för beteendevetenskap och socialt arbete, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-36195.

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The aim of this study is to examine how different actors of the society speak about and portrays the Råslätt neighborhood.Further we study how using different terms to describe the area can come to affect the area and its residents. This study is done by using a qualitative method in the form of document analysis based on official documents from three different actors of the society and we also conducted three interviews with representatives from each actor. Different themes are examined that have been identified using a discourse analysis. Through the themes three different discourses were created and identified which are being used by the actors in describing Råslätt. The discourses are then compared with each other. The result shows that there are similarities and differences between the discourses in how Råslätt is described. The result shows that the terms used in the different discourses create different versions of the Råslätt neighborhood. The result also shows that, within the discourses the actors of society consciously relate to their use of languageand that the decision of using or not using a particular term has been made with insight to the risk of stigmatization that might emerge. In conclusion the result shows that the language used by the actors of society affect how they justify their own work.

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21

Danielsson, Amanda, e Jessica Olsson. "Framställningen av samkönade föräldrar i svensk dagspress : En kritisk diskursanalys som jämför tre olika tidsperioder i modern tid". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-86927.

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The aim of this study was to analyze and critically review how cohabited parents are represented in selected Swedish newspapers during three periods of time. We have conducted a critical discourse analysis and looked at how daily newspapers use the language based on social constructivism. As a power aspect we also used Foucault's power analysis as a theoretical starting point. In the study's results, we saw that the language used in the articles differs depending on the time period they had been published. In the result, we found three general themes that we analyzed: exercise of power within the discourse, norms and categorizations, as well as changes over time. During the years 1992-1993, different expressions were used against same-sex couples, compared to today. In 2002, the focus instead was on the adoption issue. In the later period, 2017-2018, the result showed that the policy took more place in the articles. Same-sex parents also expressed themselves in the media and they described how they still felt excluded in a society dominated by heterosexual norms.

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22

Davidsson, Alexandra. "Vad hade du på dig? : Representationen av våldtäktsoffer och förövare i tre dagstidningar med olika ideologisk inriktning (Aftonbladet, SvD och DN)". Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Institutionen för ekonomi och it, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-4427.

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The following Bachelor’s thesis examines how three Swedish national newspapers (Dagens Nyheter, Svenska Dagbladet and Aftonbladet), which all represent different points on the ideological spectrum, portray victim and perpetrator in their representation of rape during the year 2011. The thesis examines the newspapers news, editorial pages and reports of rape. The study uses a quantitative approach with qualitative elements which has its foundation in the theory of social constructivism and priming theory. Political science can be studied from the perspective of power, and media has a central role of this power. What media portrays and send out through their texts will have, and does have effect on the norms and values existing in the society. Therefore, it is of high importance to identify which discourse of rape these three newspapers sends out to the Swedish society during the year of 2011, after the many discussions of how rape is portrayed and that it seems to exist a discourse where one blame the victim herself for being raped. This study has shown that the focus has shifted from the victim to the perpetrator, which also has consequences, even though the focus still is on the victim but not to the same degree as before.

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23

Lahti, Davidsson Elisabeth. "Batikhäxan – ett kvinnligt supermonster : En kritisk diskursanalys av tre politiska pamfletter". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för film och litteratur (IFL), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-86034.

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This thesis shows how misogynous and stereotypical images of women, which historically have been used to transform them into witches and monsters, are now reused in the construction of the term “batikhäxa” (“tie-dye witch”). Feminist and discourse theory form the framework of this study which includes the analysis of three opinion pieces, or political pamphlets, that were published between 2010 – 2018: "Batikhäxorna och makten" by the pseudonym Julia Caesar, "Refugee 'Children" & The Women Who Sexually Exploit Them" by the pseudonym Angry Foreigner and "De ansvariga för Sveriges kaos behöver en intervention för att ställas till svars " by Katerina Janouch. I use critical discourse analysis to study how discursive strategies are applied in these political pamphlets to delegitimate women, making them the scapegoats of society by use of the concept of the tie-dye witch. My thesis argues that the use of the tie-dye witch discourse reproduces patriarchal power relations by denying women the right to have and express their opinions, decide over their own bodies and exercise power in society. The tie-dye witch can therefore also be understood as an anti-feminist counterimage to the feminist witch who was established as a female role model in the 1960s. The study also uncovers the psychological function of the tie-dye witch as a female super monster who demarks the borders of nation, culture, religion, body and gender. In the studied texts, the tie-dye witch is constructed to separate "us" from "the others", and in doing so she also acts as a unifying figure in and of anti-feminist, islamophobic, xenophobic, nationalist and apocalyptic discourses.

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24

Fagervall, Åsa, e Richard Granström. "Går det att jämföra hållbarhetsredovisningar? : En diskursanalys av tre företags hållbarhetsredovisningar inom bygg- och fastighetsbranschen". Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-79211.

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Abstract (sommario):

The establishment of sustainability reports has become more prominent among companies the last decades as well as the demand to be able to compare these reports. There are many variables which affect the comparability of sustainability reports, partly the difficulty with the actual definition of the term sustainability as well as the lack of regulations and directives regarding the matter. Further, the style of the texts has bearing on the comparability since the rhetoric of the company affects how sustainability is communicated in the sustainability reports. The aim of this study is to create an understanding of how sustainability is communicated by the three largest companies within the construction- and development industry in Sweden, as well as to see if their sustainability reports are comparable. Through a discourse analysis it is examined how sustainability is communicated in the companies’ sustainability reports. The result shows that the discourse of sustainability is institutionalized by the companies. It is possible to identify a homogeneity since all the companies studied account for their corporate social responsibility, their environmental impact as well as how they strive for conducting a safe, legal and corruption-free business. The result also shows that depending on what the companies choose to communicate, in combination with what rhetorical argument is used to convey the information, it impacts the comparability. The study indicates that the comparable information regarding sustainability has a greater feature of logos argumentation where the texts are supported with statistics and data. This information has a greater opportunity to be compared within the company itself over time but also between the different companies, given that the information meets the basic criteria regarding consistency and uniformity. In the future, it would be of interest to study the comparability of sustainability reports within the construction- and development industry on a larger scale, for instance by comparing companies from different European countries. Further, a similar comparative study of big versus small companies could provide knowledge regarding if sustainability is institutionalized within the whole construction- and development industry.
Upprättandet av hållbarhetsredovisningar hos företag har blivit mer framträdande under de senaste decennierna, tillika efterfrågan om att kunna jämföra dessa rapporter. Det finns många faktorer som påverkar jämförbarheten av hållbarhetsredovisningar, dels svårigheten med definitionen av hållbarhet samt avsaknaden av reglering med tydliga direktiv. Dessutom har texternas utformning en inverkan på jämförbarheten, där företagens retorik påverkar hur de väljer att kommunicera hållbarhet i sina hållbarhets-rapporter. Syftet med denna studie är att skapa en förståelse hur hållbarhet kommuniceras hos de tre största företagen inom bygg- och fastighetsbranschen i Sverige, samt att se om denna hållbarhetsinformation går att jämföra. Genom en diskursanalys undersöker vi hur hållbarhet kommuniceras i företagens hållbarhetsrapporter, där resultatet påvisar att diskursen hållbarhet är institutionaliserad hos de studerade företagen. Det går att identifiera en homogenitet då samtliga företag redogör för hur de tar ett socialt ansvar, sin miljöpåverkan samt hur de strävar efter säkra affärer. Resultaten påvisar även att beroende på vad företagen väljer att kommunicera, i kombination med vilket retoriskt argument som används för att förmedla informationen, har en inverkan på jämför-barheten. Studien indikerar att den hållbarhetsinformation som går att jämföra har större inslag av logosargumentation, där texterna styrks med hjälp av statistik och data. Denna information har en större möjlighet att jämföras inom företaget över tid men även mellan företagen, givet att informationen uppfyller de grundläggande kriterierna om konsekvens och enhetlighet. I framtiden vore det av intresse att se hur jämförbarheten av hållbarhets-redovisningar inom bygg- och fastighetsbranschen ser ut på en större skala, som till exempel i fler europeiska länder. Vidare skulle en liknande jämförande studie mellan stora och små företag bidra med kunskap om hållbarhet är institutionaliserad inom hela bygg- och fastighetsbranschen.

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Rensmo, Mattias, e Lotta Lithner. "Den rödbrusige öldansken : En kvalitativ undersökning om hur danskar framställs i tre svenska tidningar". Thesis, University of Kalmar, School of Communication and Design, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-2512.

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Abstract (sommario):

The aim of this study was to examine how the Danish people and Denmark are represented in the daily Swedish press. We wanted to examine how the Danish people were represented, the characteristics given to the Danes and the differences we see between the different genres. We used theories about discourse, representation, stereotype and national community, too see what underlying messages was hidden in the texts. We analysed 30 texts from three Swedish daily newspapers: Sydsvenska Dagbladet Snällposten, Dagens Nyheter and Aftonbladet. The method we used was discourse analysis based on Faircloughs theories and methods.One of the most interesting results we found was that the Danish people often were represented as different kinds of stereotypes. We found the following stereotypes that we named: the drunken Danish, the racist, the laidback Danish and the criminal Danish. The drunk Danish stereotype is mostly seen in the text about sports when the journalists are writing about the Danish football supporters. In these texts the supporters are given properties like drunk and that they like to drink a lot of beer when they are watching football. The stereotype that we named the racist, we mostly see in the texts that were about politics and about the Dansk Folkeparti. The laidback Danish is particularly evident in texts that describe the Danish culture. The fourth stereotype, the criminal, we see in the texts about gang violence.Our study also showed that the Danish people and Denmark are represented through people that are not Danish. In many of the texts we could see that Swedish journalists interviewed other Swedish people about Denmark and the Danish people.

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Börjeson, Martins Maria Katarina. ""Du kan vara med, ge en gåva idag" : En multimodal diskursanalytisk studie av hur texter från tre välgörenhetsorganisationer uppmanar till agerande". Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och lärande, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-45575.

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The present study conducts a multimodal discourse analysis of texts from the three charities UNICEF, Red Cross and Doctors Without Borders and investigates how the reader is encouraged to support these organizations by donating money. The aim is to explore what relationship to the reader that is established, as well as what attitudes that are expressed through textual and visual modes. To do this, three texts from each charity are selected, all regarding the 10-year-long Syrian war, so a comparison can be drawn between the organizations’ different linguistic strategies. The study is based on Fairclough’s three-dimensional model, Halliday’s metafunctions and the appraisal theory presented by Martin & White. Previous studies illustrate how the theoretical frameworks can be applied in analyses of advertisement, narrative texts and fundraising letters by non-for-profit organizations. This study provides further illustration of the significant role of different details in pictures and written text in order to inspire and persuade the reader to help finance the organizations. The results discern a charity discourse, where the texts not only emphasize the importance of helping those in need, but also to support and allow the charities to continue their crucial work worldwide. The texts also seem to aim at arousing empathy and creating a close relationship to the reader in order to encourage donations.

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27

Christensson, Joanna. "Hållbar utveckling i Skåne? En kritisk diskursanalys av Region Skånes tre regionala utvecklingsprogram 1999–2016". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22833.

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Abstract (sommario):

I denna studie undersöktes regionala policydokument utifrån ett fokus på hållbar utveckling och förhållandet mellan hög tillväxt och förbättrad miljö. Det empiriska material utgjordes av Region Skånes tre regionala utvecklingsprogram, vilka behandlar hur myndigheten såg på regionens utveckling åren 1999–2004, 2004–2009 och 2009–2016. Studiens mål var att studera den diskursiva omdefinieringsprocessen av begreppet hållbar utveckling, genom att analysera hur detta relateras till och används i programmen. Metoden som användes var kritisk diskursanalys. Studien syftade till att synliggöra programmens diskursiva sammanhang och utveckla en förståelse för vilka synsätt och föreställningar som kan ses ligga till grund för dokumentens innehåll och utformning.Studien kom fram till att det fanns ingen tydlig förståelse kring hållbar utveckling i programmen utan det förekom yttringar av både starka och svaga hållbarhetsdiskurser. Resonemang kring ekologisk modernisering är dominerande, baserade på föreställningar om att miljöproblem kan lösas utan några stora samhällsförändringar. Denna diskurs presenterar attraktiva lösningar på eventuella motsättningar mellan hög tillväxt och förbättrad miljö, vilket möjliggör policydokument med visionära målbilder tillsammans med breda lösningar där målkonflikter och eventuella avvägningar inte belyses nämnvärt.Studiens teoretiska ramverk och metoden kritisk diskursanalys gav möjlighet att lyfta fram och belysa hur ekologisk moderniseringsdiskursen inkorporerar resonemang från tillväxtkritiska hållbarhetsdiskurser samtidigt som den marginaliserar och tar udden av dem. På så vis kan studien bidra till en vidare diskussion om olika sätt att förhålla sig till hållbar utveckling och konsekvenser av den ekologiska moderniseringens diskursiva dominans.
This study investigates regional policy documents with a focus on sustainable development and the relationship between high economic growth and an improved environment. The study’s empirical material is based on Region Skåne’s three regional development programs which put forward how the authority viewed development in the region for the years 1999–2004, 2004– 2009 and 2009–2016. The objective was to study the discursive process of redefining the concept of sustainable development by analysing how it is referred to and used in the programs. The method utilised was critical discourse analysis. The study aimed towards exposing the2programs’ discursive context and developing an understanding of the viewpoints underlying the documents’ contents.The study concluded that there was no clear understanding around sustainable development in the programs and there were statements of both strong and weak sustainable development discourse. Goal conflicts and eventually trade-offs were not particularly highlighted. Ecological modernisation was the dominating discourse as per the reasoning that environmental problems can be solved without any major societal changes. This discourse presents attractive solutions to potential conflicts which enables the policy document to provide visionary goals along with broad solutions. The study’s theoretical framework and the method critical discursive analysis allowed for the bringing forward and highlighting of how ecological modernisation incorporates reasonings from sustainable discourses critical of economic growth, at the same time marginalising and neutralising them. As a result, this study can contribute to the discussion of different ways of achieving sustainable development and the consequence of the domination of ecological modernisation discourse.

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28

Bergström, Elin. "Det händer bara andra, det händer inte mig. Tre unga tjejers upplevelser av att ha levt i misshandelsförhållanden". Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1872.

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Today several things point to the fact that many young women are being abused and sexual harassed. Despite that there is no knowledge about how the girls handle the violence or how the battering affects them. For that reason the purpose of this study is to describe and give a picture of some girl’s experiences of being battered of men they have or have had a relationship with. In focus is also how these girls identities are affected of the battering. These girls were between 16-24 years old when the battering started.

One important conclusion in this study is that if the attitudes of women battering can change, the power structure between the sexes be evident and the knowledge about women battering increase it might be easier for a lot of women. It could increase the possibility for girls and women to counter men’s power and for battered girls and women to change their situation at an earlier stage than they are able to today.

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29

Bernard, Timothée. "Approches formelles de l'analyse du discours : relations discursives et verbes d'attitude propositionnelle". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCC034.

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Cette thèse s’intéresse aux formalismes qui permettent de représenter mathématiquement non seulement le sens de phrases indépendantes mais aussi de textes entiers, en incluant les liens de sens que les différentes phrases qui les composent entretiennent les unes avec les autres. Ces liens de sens — les relations discursives — sont divers ; nous trouvons notamment des relations temporelles, causales et contrastives. Nous ne nous posons pas seulement la question du sens et de sa représentation, mais aussi celle de la détermination algorithmique de cette représentation à partir des séquences de mots qui composent les énoncés. Nous nous situons donc à l’interface de trois traditions : l’analyse discursive, la sémantique formelle et la linguistique computationnelle.La plupart de travaux formels portant sur le discours ne prêtent que peu d’attention aux verbes de dire (affirmer, dire, etc.) et d’attitude propositionnelle (penser, croire, etc.). Tous ces verbes, que nous regroupons sous l’abréviation « VAP », ont en commun d’exprimer l’attitude ou la position d’une personne sur une proposition donnée. Ils sont utilisés fréquemment et introduisent de nombreuses subtilités échappant de fait aux théories actuelles. Cette thèse a pour objectif principal de mettre à jour les principes d’une grammaire formelle compatible avec l’analyse du discours et prenant en compte les VAP. Nous commençons donc par présenter de nombreuses données linguistiques illustrant les interactions entre VAP et relations discursives.Il est souvent considéré que les connecteurs adverbiaux (ensuite, par exemple, etc.) sont anaphoriques. Cependant, nous pouvons nous demander si, en pratique, un système de linguistique computationnelle ne peut pas gérer cette catégorie particulière d’anaphore comme s’il s’agissait d’un type de dépendance structurelle, étendant d’une certaine manière la syntaxe au-delà de la phrase. C’est ce que nous nous proposons de faire à l’aide du formalisme D-STAG. Une telle approche, bien qu’ayant un certain nombre de propriétés intéressantes dans le cadre de l’analyse automatique du discours, fait peser un poids important sur la syntaxe, et nous discutons alors les difficultés qu’elle soulève.Cela nous amène à développer une approche anaphorique, c’est-à-dire dans laquelle les arguments des relations discursives ne sont plus déterminés uniquement par la structure grammaticale des énoncés. Ce sont les mêmes outils conceptuels que nous utilisons pour rendre compte de l’anaphoricité des connecteurs adverbiaux, des structures discursives non-arborées (observées avec tout type de connecteurs), mais aussi de l’usage évidentiel des VAP.Cependant, si nous employons la notion d’anaphore, nous voulons l’intégrer explicitement dans le formalisme grammatical, en spécifiant quand sont exécutées les résolutions d’anaphore et avec quelles informations en entrée. Cela est possible avec la sémantique par continuation, que nous utilisons en combinaison à la sémantique événementielle. Les événements sont souvent invoqués pour exprimer la sémantique des relations notamment causales ou temporelles, mais posent aussi un certain nombre de questions, liées aux schémas logiques d’inférence qu’autorisent les énoncés linguistiques ainsi qu’à la présence de la négation pour exprimer les arguments des relations discursives. Nous avançons plusieurs pistes pour y répondre et étudions plus en détail le cas de la négation.Nous revenons ainsi sur les difficultés que pose la négation linguistique pour une analyse sémantique événementielle, qui concernent autant l’interface syntaxe-sémantique que le niveau purement sémantique. Nous montrons que ces difficultés ont pour origine l’analyse standard de la négation, qui traite phrases positives et phrases négatives de manière fondamentalement différente. Rejetant cette vue, nous présentons une formalisation nouvelle de la notion d’événement négatif, adaptée à l’analyse de divers phénomènes linguistiques
This thesis focuses on the formalisms that make it possible to mathematically represent not only the meaning of independent sentences, but also whole texts, including the meaning relations that link sentences together. These links — the discourse relations — include temporal, causal and contrastive relations. Not only are we interested in meaning and its representation, but also on the algorithmic process of how this representation is computed using the sequence of words that constitute the text. We thus find ourselves at a point where three disciplines intersect: discourse analysis, formal semantics and computational linguistics.Most formal work on discourse pay little attention to reporting verbs (say, tell, etc.) and attitude verbs (think, believe, etc.). These verbs, henceforth ‘AVs’, all express the attitude or stance of one person on a given proposition. They are used frequently and introduce many subtleties that are not addressed in current theories. The main objective of this thesis is to shed light on the principles of a formal grammar that is compatible with discourse analysis that takes AVs into account. We therefore start by presenting a set of linguistic data illustrating the interactions between AVs and discourse relations.Adverbial connectives (then, for example, etc.) are usually considered anaphoric. One might wonder, however, whether, in practice, a computational linguistic system cannot deal with this particular category of anaphora as a kind of structural dependency, meaning that syntax is somehow extended above the sentence level. This is what we try to achieve using the D-STAG formalism. While it has properties that are relevant for automatic discourse analysis, such an approach imposes quite the burden on syntax. We therefore discuss the difficulties that this approach poses.Consequently, we develop an anaphor based approach, in which the arguments of discourse relations are not determined solely by the grammatical structures of the utterances. We use the same conceptual tools to account for the anaphoricity of adverbial connectives, the shape of non-tree discourse structures (observed for all type of connectives) but also the evidential use of AVs.If, however, we look at the notion of anaphora, our aim is to have it explicitly integrated into grammatical formalism. In particular, we set out to specify when anaphora resolution is performed and on which input. This is made possible by continuation semantics, which we use in conjunction with event semantics. Events have often been appealed to in order to describe the semantics of causal and temporal relations. Nevertheless, events raise a number of questions related to the possibility of some inference patterns that are observed, in addition to the presence of negation in the arguments of discourse relations. We suggest a number of potential answers and study the case of negation in more detail.We therefore review the issues facing event semantics when dealing with negation. Such issues concern both the syntax-semantics interface and the purely semantics level. We argue that these difficulties originate from the standard analysis of negation, which interprets positive and negative sentences is an essentially different fashion. Rejecting this view, we propose a novel formalisation of negative events that is relevant to the analysis of various linguistic phenomena

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Pettersson, Sofia. "You can scroll but you can't hide : En kvalitativ studie över tre åldersgruppers kritik och motstånd mot sponsrade inlägg på Instagram". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för kultur- och medievetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-118937.

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”You can scroll but you can’t hide - a qualitive study of three age groups critique and resistance against sponsored posts on Instagram” Author: Sofia PetterssonCourse: Applied strategic communications The aim of this study is to investigate and try to make sense of the critical thinking and following resistance by three age groups against sponsored posts on Instagram. The theoretical background of the study includes Stuart Halls model of encoding/decoding, and Michel Foucaults abstract theories of power/knowledge. The investigative method through which the empirical materials have been gathered is three focus group interviews with three different age groups — 12-16 years old, 19-29 years old and 30-55 years old. To analyze the statements gathered in the focus group interviews, the method of discourse psychology have been applied to the material. The aim of this was to bring forth the repertoars which the groups use to construct reality according to them, and to try and understand how they construct their own identities, both within the group but also the individual.The results were somewhat inconclusive. The study shows that though the older the more consequential the groups think, the method for resistance varied a lot. The youngest group showed some critical thinking and shows tendencies to avoid the advertisements by leaving Instagram. The problem with this group is that they don’t really know why they do this. And they don’t display any deeper understanding as to why they think the way they do. The group 19-29 years showed a more complex understanding of consequences and their critical thinking is more well rounded. In spite of this, this group doesn't show much resisting behavior. The oldest group was the most critical, and talked about more consequential subjects and problems with this kind of advertising. Furthermore, the oldest group had the most knowledge about the technical structures that the sponsored posts are made of and therefore has the best position for resisting the marketing techniques in place. The study is 42 pages long.

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Barkhem, Josefin. "Vilka länder får synas i engelskböckerna? : En undersökning hur engelskspråkiga länder framställs i läroböcker för årskurs tre". Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-35357.

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This study investigates whether students of year three get the chance to learn about cultures in places and contexts where English is used, through textbooks. The focus is whether the diversity of the English speaking cultures is shown or if a western centered image dominates. Postcolonial theory is the base of the investigation. As an analysis method, content analysis has mostly been used but also critical discourse analysis. The results show that Great Britain is the country that is most frequently represented in all books, but also that in general few cultures are brought up or explained. The purpose of this study is to investigate how English speaking parts of the world and contexts are represented in English books for year three.

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Langlet, Tove. "Hur framställs god matematikundervisning? : En jämförelse av aktuell förespråkad didaktik vid tre olika kurser för matematiklärare i Sverige och USA". Thesis, KTH, Lärande, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-301734.

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Skolmatematiken och matematikdidaktiken har under de senaste årtiondena genomgått en förändring från ett historiskt fokus på ren räkning och utantillkunskaper mot alltmer processorientering. Det pågår en aktiv debatt om hur framgångsrik dagens matematikundervisning egentligen är då de svenska elevernas resultat i internationella jämförelser så som PISA är inte lysande. Historiskt har den svenska matematikundervisningen hämtat influenser från amerikansk matematikdidaktikutveckling. I detta examenarbete görs jämförelse av förespråkad matematikdidaktik vid två olika lärarkurser i Sverige och en lärarkurs på Stanford, USA. Syftet är att undersöka likheter och skillnader i synen på ”god” matematikundervisning på dessa kurser. Som huvudsaklig analysmetod valdes en diskursanalys. De tre olika lärarkurserna ses som tre diskurser. Fyra frågor ställts till respektive diskurs: Vad lyfts fram om matematikdidaktik? Hur talas det omdetta? Vad utesluts eller tonas ner? Vad framställs som god matematik-undervisning? Huvudinriktningen mot en processorienterad matematik är tydlig i alla tre diskurserna. Samtidigt så nämns i diskurserna att ”kunna vissa saker utantill är också viktigt” så det är inte helt entydigt men ändå en tydlig riktning. Alla diskurser tar också upp uppgifternas betydelse för lärandet. Val av uppgifter är en viktig del av matematikdidaktiken. Några skillnader som framkommer är att den amerikanska diskursen lyfter fram betydelsen av mjuka faktorer som attityd, självförtroende, motivation, tilltro, uppmuntran betydligt mer än de två svenska. Sammanfattningsvis visar min analys av de tre diskurserna att den amerikanska diskursen tydligare lyfter fram värderingar och undervisar lärarstudenterna i vad som är god matematikundervisning. God matematikundervisning innefattar många mjuka aspekter som motivation, självförtroende och jämlikhet. Budskapet i de två svenska diskurserna är sakligare och med mer bredd – god matematikundervisning omfattar ett spektrum av förmågor, kunskaper, ämnesområden. Lärarstudenten får ett ”smörgåsbord” och får sedan, på gott och ont, plocka ihop sin egen tallrik av hur matematikundervisningen ska bedrivas.
In recent decades, school mathematics and mathematics education have undergone a change from a historical focus on pure arithmetic and facts knowledge towards an increasingly process orientation. There is an active debate about how successful today's mathematics education really is and the Swedish students' results in international comparisons such as PISA are not brilliant. Historically, Swedish mathematics teaching has taken influences from American mathematics didactic trends. In this thesis, a comparison is made of advocated mathematic education at two different teacher courses in Sweden and a teacher course at Stanford, USA. The purpose is to investigate similarities and differences in the view of “good mathematics education” in these courses. A discourse analysis was chosen as the main analysis method. The three different teacher courses are seen as three discourses. Four questions are asked for each discourse: What mathematics didactics is highlighted? How is this talked about? What is excluded or toned down? What is presented as good mathematics teaching? In all three discourses a clear focus on a process-oriented mathematics is seen. At the same time, it is mentioned in the discourses that "knowing certain things by heart is also important" so it is not completely unambiguous but still a clear direction. All discourses also address the importance of the math problems. Choice of problems and exercises is an important part of mathematics didactics. One difference that emerge is that the American discourse highlights the importance of soft factors such as attitude, self-confidence, motivation, confidence, encouragement significantly more than the other two. In summary, my analysis of the three discourses shows that the American discourse more clearly highlights values and educates student teachers what is good mathematics teaching. Good mathematics education includes many soft aspects such as motivation, self-confidence and equality. The message in the two Swedish discourses is more objective and with more breadth - good mathematics education encompasses a spectrum of abilities, knowledge, subject areas. The teacher student gets a "smorgasbord" and then has to fill his own plate with theories and methods how the mathematics teaching should be conducted.

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Eriksson, Evelina. "Socialarbetares möjligheter att stödja sexförsäljare : En intervjustudie och diskursiv analys av hur tre socialarbetare uppfattar att sexköpslagen och de yrkesetiska principerna för socialarbetare påverkar deras möjligheter att stödja sexförsäljare". Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Religionsvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-27461.

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The purpose of this study is to examine social workers’ discourses about the Swedish sex purchase law and how they perceive that the sex purchase law and the social workers’ professional ethical principles affect the social workers’ ability to support people who are selling sex. This study is a discourse analytical interview study based on a social constructionist perspective. The study focuses on analyzing the interviews based upon an inductive method. The interviews are qualitative and semi-structured. The interviews were conducted by interviews with three social workers with experiences of working with people who sell sex. The central focus of the study is to analyze the social workers’ statements that are regarded as their perceptions. The statements serve as arguments that answers the purpose questions. The results show that the interviewed social workers perceive that the sex purchase laws do affect the social workers’ ability to support people who sell sex. On the other hand, they show disagreement on whether the social workers’ professional ethical principles affected the social workers’ ability to support people who sell sex.

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Molin, Åsa Zander Lovisa. "Patienter och sjukhusbibliotek : en diskursanalys av uppfattningar om sjukhusbibliotek och deras betydelse för patienter i tre svenska bibliotekstidskrifter = [The patient and the hospital library] : [a discourse analysis of the opinions about hospital libraries and their importance for the patient in three Swedish library journals] /". Borås : Högsk. i Borås, Bibliotekshögskolan/Biblioteks- och informationsvetenskap, 2004. http://www.hb.se/bhs/slutversioner/2004/04-49.pdf.

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35

El, Hafidhi-Attya Sondès. "Oeuvre et Grand oeuvre : discours alchimique et création romanesque dans "L'histoire véritable ou Le voyage des princes fortunez" (1610) de Béroalde de Verville". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CLF20009.

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Participant du genre hybride de la fiction philosophie, le Voyage pose le problème du rapport entre l'oeuvre littéraire et le grand oeuvre alchimique. Bien que le terme "alchimie" soit récurrent sous la plume de l'auteur -au même titre que celui de -secret, il apparaît qu'il ne désigne en définitive qu'un art du philosopher manuellement : une doctrine rationnelle conforme aux postulats, essentiellement aristotéliciens, de la physique exotérique de l'époque, et une méthode expérimentale hostile aux préceptes fondamentaux de l'hermétisme. C'est bien d'une chimie ou d'une préchimie que Béroalde se réclame, nullement d'une alchimie au sens traditionnel du mot. Quelle est donc la nature du secret qu'il promet dans le paratexte de son roman steganographique ? Homme de science, l'auteur s'écarte de l'alchimie traditionnelle : romancier, il en utilise le langage. Ainsi, le voyage mine la rhétorique du grand oeuvre. La mystérieuse anamorphose s'y substitue avantageusement à la traditionnelle allégorie et régit l'organisation (ou la désorganisation) secrète du roman. La profusion des intrigues secondaires gène la progression du récit ; la dispersion spatio-temporelle et structurelle en compronet l'unité ; le désordre en masque la cohérence. Doté d'une structure en labyrinthe dont nous traçons le schéma, le Voyage défie les lois du simple résumé et consacre la virtuosité d'un technicien de l'écriture. La confrontation du Voyage à son modèle- linéaire et dépourvu de toute référence au magistère, le Peregrinagio d'Armeno (1557) - est éclairante. Elle permet d'apprécier la manière dont Béroalde utilise le potentiel romanesque de l'alchimie pour réécrire ses sources. Plus fondamentalement, la thématique du grand oeuvre, devenue alchimie du verbe, permet de régénérer certaines métaphores stéréotypées et de renouveler les catégories désuetes du roman de l'époque ainsi, un arrière-plan alchimique métamorphose l'espace en laboratoire, l'amour en feu sacré des adeptes, les personnages en composantes occultes de la matière et leurs aventures en étapes du grand oeuvre. L'alchimie comme métaphore, voilà donc un trait caractéristique de l'inventio de Béroalde et de la nouveauté du Voyage

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Gripfelt, Ylva. "Det utskrivna barnet : En studie av relationen till barnet som konstruktion i Mare Kandres tidiga författarskap (1984-1991)". Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för genus, kultur och historia, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-16815.

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This MA thesis analyzes how the protagonists and the narrative structure relates to “the Child” as a linguistic/cultural construction in Mare Kandre’s early authorship (1984-1991). A thematic of children portraits defines this period of Kandre’s writing, which consits of the following works: In a Different Country (1984), The Annunciation (1986), Bübin’s Kid (1987), The Burning Tree (1988) and Aliide, Aliide (1991). Linguistic components, such as the word “child”, the name “Kid” and a reconstruction of the concept of childhood, holds an actuate position in these narratives when they first appear in direct relation to the protagonists. This suggests how generally accepted categories and concepts consciously are at work in Kandre’s writings. Consequently, a category such as “child” can not unproblematically serve as a definition of any of the protagonists, irrespective of their presumptive age. Combining philosopher Judith Butler’s theory of name-calling with theories in the field of Childhood Studies as presented by Susan Honeyman, “the Child” in Kandre’s works is explored through the hypothesis of its function as a name. Close readings reveal how the protagonists, in the encounter with an explicitly cultural or narrative context, are constituted as subjects through the linguistic category “child”. The protagonists can be considered both as subordinated by the conventionally manifested notion of life development as a linear, measurable progress and as introduced to the means which make possible a critical response to that same notion. Since the main protagonists strongly refuse to be defined by the conventions supporting “the Child” as a category, a dialogue is created which gives the narrative its force. That dialogue corresponds to different aspects of the concept of childhood, which place “the Child” as a construction at the heart of Kandre’s narrative composition.

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Kang, Ling-Yu, e 康玲鈺. "Flowers‧of True Colors--The Creative Discourse of Ling-Yu Kang". Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/fpc27d.

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碩士
大葉大學
設計暨藝術學院碩士在職專班
103
This essay, “Flowers‧Expressions of true colors”, with flowers as the main topic, is the integrated presentation of my personal life experience and aesthetics. Through my original paintings of flowers, I express inner feelings and emotions, and try to initiate dialogues with viewers. These works are presented in the style of combining half-realistic skills. The vitality of flowers is expressed via images, forms and symbols, in the hope of inspiring viewers’ perceptions of the nature of inconstancy and further cherishing the preciousness of our lives. I transformed my internal thoughts into visual images of flowers, which are different from the traditional realistic-style works. The histories of western flower painting and traditional Chinese Flower-Bird Painting are discussed as well. In addition, several renowned Taiwanese painters’ works of flowers are given as examples. Their works have profoundly inspired me. According to the principles of color mix & match, emotional expressions of lines, the arrangement of structure and the communication of psychological state, the subjective images of flowers in my mind are presented in a half-realistic style. In conclusion, my creations are centered on the notion of “self-discovery”. I would gradually move away from the traditional realistic frame to an abstract style and fully enjoy the pleasure of creations in the future.

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Stoller, Amy Katherine. "True citizens of Bahrain : discourse on Bahraini identity since the Arab Spring". Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/27172.

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When Bahrain's uprising began in February 2011, the opposition presented united front. By the time of the national dialogue a year later, however, it had fractured both along and within sectarian lines. The government’s inconsistent response to the uprising also demonstrated tensions within Bahrain’s royal family. An analysis of discourse on the national dialogue, terrorism and violence, expatriates, and the Gulf Union plan revealed that Bahrain's political factions were divided by their conceptions of Bahraini identity and citizenship. Bahrain was a young nation and questions of identity were still very much under debate. This work drew on newspaper opinion pieces, official statements published by political groups, and posters and videos they posted on social media to explain the questions of identity that developed around these political debates. I also examined how these debates continued to divide Sunni and Shi’i groups within the opposition as well as the moderate and conservative factions within the royal family. Finally, I considered how these groups used their varying conceptions of Bahraini citizenship to justify their tactics in pursuing or attempting to quash the uprising. Even as each group demanded rights for citizens, they disagreed on what citizenship meant. Similarly, denying that their opponents were “true citizens,” allowed each group to delegitimize views they disagreed with.
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Liao, Xuan-Yu, e 廖璿宇. "Tree Man Mood —The Printmaking Creative Discourse of Xuan-Yu Liao". Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4et4ss.

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碩士
國立臺灣藝術大學
美術學系版畫藝術碩士班
107
This creative discourse “Tree Man Mood” expresses the dark shadow of my life. By researching on the theoretical foundation and creating wood engraving, I explore the deeply hidden untouchable dark side of my heart, analyze the inner emotions in the past and present, and uncover the vague shadow. I am able to tell my story with my art, and transform the past experience and emotions into a new narrative. I try to reflect the dark shadow in my works, face the shadow bravely, and have a dialogue with myself. In the end, the shadow becomes my strength, and I am able to create a better new world for myself. Chapter 1: Introduction. It talks about my motives for my works: my childhood background, the dark shadow, and how I overcome the shadow and transform it into my strength to create a new world. This chapter also includes the purposes, methods, process, and definitions of words. Chapter 2: Theoretical foundation. It includes semiotics, psychology, and art history, to correspond the forms and contents of my works. Chapter 3: Creative practice. My creative concept starts with the dark shadow, and how it evolves into my strength. For the creative contents and forms, I use the symbol “Tree Man” to represent my moods and tell my story. My technique is wood engraving, as it expresses the delicate feeling the best. Chapter 4: Creative analysis and interpretation. This chapter includes my artistic statements for Darkness Series, Shelter Series, Glimmer Series, Bloom Series, and New World Series. Chapter 5: Conclusion. This chapter contains the review from the purposes to the final presentation, and the self-expectation for the future. Keywords: Tree Man, Mood, Semiotics, Wood engraving

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Lee, Ming-Tzu, e 李明足. "Tree Grow in the Picture Book—Discourse the Ecological Conservation in the series of “Nature Picture Book”". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6wan9x.

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Truter, Cornelius Johannes. "Narratief-pastorale terapie met hartpasiënte". Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/917.

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Text in Afrikaans
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a life-threatening disease. When heart patients in the treatment of their disease, due to certain subjugating discourses practised by the biomedical model or biomedicine, are treated in a way that contributes to their anxiety and they feel themselves marginalised by society, then CAD becomes even more threatening. The narrative-pastoral approach of this study aims to treat heart patients in a way that has a calming effect on them that could assist them to deal with their heart disease more efficiently. This study shows how a heart patient's illness stories can be centralised by means of narrative therapy and how a pastoral and ethical attitude of love and respect can produce a climate that's conducive to better health and well-being. I indicate how my methodology of participatory action research succeeds in making the heart patients active participants to the research project. Their active participation indicates that meaning is not created on their behalf in therapy; rather, they are responsible for the process of richer construction of meaning. I describe how the participants socially co-constructed alternative and richer descriptions of their illness. Futhermore, I point out how their richer descriptions of illness contribute to perceptible and measurable results that are of value to the heart patients.
Koronere hartvatsiekte (KHS) is 'n lewensbedreigende siekte. Wanneer hartpasiente in die behandeling van hul siekte vanwee sekere onderdrukkende diskoerse van siekte vanuit die biomediese model of biomedisyne s6 hanteer word dat dit spanning op hul plaas en deur die samelewing gemarginaliseer word, word KHS des te meer gevaarlik. In hierdie studie gaan dit oor 'n narratief-pastorale benadering wat hartpasiente op 'n kalmerende manier hanteer sodat hulle kan kom tot 'n meer doeltreffende hantering van hul hartsiekte. Hierdie studie toon aan hoe hartpasiente se siekteverhale deur middel van narratiewe terapie gesentreer word en hoe 'n etiese en pastorale gesindheid van liefde en respek 'n klimaat skep wat bevorderlik is vir beter gesondheid en welwese. Ek dui aan hoe my metodologie van deelnemende aksienavorsing daarin geslaag het om die hartpasiente aktiewe deelnemers te maak aan die navorsingsprojek. Hul aktiewe deelname impliseer dat betekenis nie in terapie vir hulle geskep word nie, maar dat hulle self skeppend betrokke is in die proses van ryker betekeniskonstruering. Ek beskryf hoe die deelnemers altematiewe en ryker beskrywings van hul siekte sosiaal ko-konstrueer. Ek dui verder aan hoe hul ryker beskrywings van siekte bydra tot sigbare en meetbare resultate wat vir hartpasiente van waarde is.
Practical Theology
D. Th. (Praktiese Teologie)

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Melchin, Nicholas. "“How frigid zones reward the advent’rers toils”: natural history writing and the British imagination in the making of Hudson Bay, 1741-1752". Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/2023.

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During the 1740’s, Hudson Bay went from an obscure backwater of the British Empire to a locus of colonial ambition. Arthur Dobbs revitalized Northwest Passage exploration, generating new information about the region’s environment and indigenous peoples. This study explores evolving English and British representations of Hudson Bay’s climate and landscape in travel and natural history writing, and probes British anxieties about foreign environments. I demonstrate how Dobbs’ ideology of improvement optimistically re-imagined the North, opening a new discursive space wherein the Subarctic could be favourably described and colonized. I examine how Hudson Bay explorers’ responses to difficulties in the Arctic and Subarctic were seen to embody, even amplify, central principles and features of eighteenth-century British culture and identity. Finally, I investigate how latitude served as a benchmark for civilization and savagery, subjugating the Lowland Cree and Inuit to British visions of settlement and improvement in their home territories.

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