Articoli di riviste: "Trust representation"

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Dunn, Kris. "Voice, representation and trust in parliament". Acta Politica 50, n. 2 (25 luglio 2014): 171–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/ap.2014.15.

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Dunn, Kris. "Voice and trust in parliamentary representation". Electoral Studies 31, n. 2 (giugno 2012): 393–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2012.01.006.

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Jing, Yongjun, Hao Wang, Kun Shao e Xing Huo. "Relation Representation Learning Via Signed Graph Mutual Information Maximization for Trust Prediction". Symmetry 13, n. 1 (11 gennaio 2021): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13010115.

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Abstract (sommario):

Trust prediction is essential to enhancing reliability and reducing risk from the unreliable node, especially for online applications in open network environments. An essential fact in trust prediction is to measure the relation of both the interacting entities accurately. However, most of the existing methods infer the trust relation between interacting entities usually rely on modeling the similarity between nodes on a graph and ignore semantic relation and the influence of negative links (e.g., distrust relation). In this paper, we proposed a relation representation learning via signed graph mutual information maximization (called SGMIM). In SGMIM, we incorporate a translation model and positive point-wise mutual information to enhance the relation representations and adopt Mutual Information Maximization to align the entity and relation semantic spaces. Moreover, we further develop a sign prediction model for making accurate trust predictions. We conduct link sign prediction in trust networks based on learned the relation representation. Extensive experimental results in four real-world datasets on trust prediction task show that SGMIM significantly outperforms state-of-the-art baseline methods.

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Jing, Yongjun, Hao Wang, Kun Shao e Xing Huo. "Relation Representation Learning via Signed Graph Mutual Information Maximization for Trust Prediction". Symmetry 13, n. 1 (11 gennaio 2021): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13010115.

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Abstract (sommario):

Trust prediction is essential to enhancing reliability and reducing risk from the unreliable node, especially for online applications in open network environments. An essential fact in trust prediction is to measure the relation of both the interacting entities accurately. However, most of the existing methods infer the trust relation between interacting entities usually rely on modeling the similarity between nodes on a graph and ignore semantic relation and the influence of negative links (e.g., distrust relation). In this paper, we proposed a relation representation learning via signed graph mutual information maximization (called SGMIM). In SGMIM, we incorporate a translation model and positive point-wise mutual information to enhance the relation representations and adopt Mutual Information Maximization to align the entity and relation semantic spaces. Moreover, we further develop a sign prediction model for making accurate trust predictions. We conduct link sign prediction in trust networks based on learned the relation representation. Extensive experimental results in four real-world datasets on trust prediction task show that SGMIM significantly outperforms state-of-the-art baseline methods.

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Engle-Friedman, Mindy, Gleb Furman, Florence Lui e Eunjung Lee. "Trust in Media Representation of Environmental Problems". International Journal of Sustainability Education 10, n. 2 (2015): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2325-1212/cgp/v10i02/55323.

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Ha, Tae-In. "Invalid representation authority and breach of trust". Korean Association of Public Safety and Criminal Justice 30, n. 1 (30 marzo 2021): 109–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21181/kjpc.2021.30.1.109.

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Räber, Michael I. "Political Representation from a Pragmatist Perspective: Aesthetic Democratic Representation". Contemporary Pragmatism 16, n. 1 (22 febbraio 2019): 84–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18758185-0161119.

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In this article I discuss the advantages of a theory of political representation for a pragmatist theory of (global) democracy. I first outline Dewey’s disregard for political representation by analyzing the political, epistemological and aesthetic underpinnings of his criticism of the Enlightenment ideal of democracy and its trust in the power of the detached gaze. I then show that a theory of political representation is not only compatible with a pragmatist Deweyan-pragmatist perspective on democratic politics but also that Dewey’s concept of “publics”, if applied to contemporary circumstances of globalized politics, requires such a theory. I suggest a pragmatic theory of political representation that combines elements of Dewey’s aesthetics, particularly his own theory of vision, with Michael Saward’s conception of representative claim-making into the notion of aesthetic democratic representation.

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Schmidt, Walter, e Matthew R. Miles. "Religious Identity and Descriptive Representation". Politics and Religion 10, n. 1 (1 agosto 2016): 186–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755048316000468.

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AbstractDrawing on the descriptive representation literature, we argue that religious identity is a social identity similar to gender or race, which leads a person to feel represented by someone who shares their religious identity. We argue that religious identity motivates approbation for public officials that is distinct from partisanship. We find that constituents who share the religious identity of their congressional representatives are significantly more likely to approve of their representative's performance in office. In addition, those who share a religious identity with President Obama are more trusting of him; particularly among those for whom religion is important. Finally, we find that shared religious identity moderates the relationship between partisanship and trust in the President. All else equal, Republicans who share a religious identity with President Obama are 500% more likely to trust him than a Republican who does not.

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MacRae, R., e A. Saunders. "In the matter of the representation of AA--trust jurisdiction clauses in Jersey trusts". Trusts & Trustees 17, n. 4 (21 marzo 2011): 302–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tandt/ttr035.

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Wang, Xiaofeng, Ling Liu e Jinshu Su. "RLM: A General Model for Trust Representation and Aggregation". IEEE Transactions on Services Computing 5, n. 1 (gennaio 2012): 131–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsc.2010.56.

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Wierzbicki, Adam, Tomasz Kaszuba, Radoslaw Nielek, Paulina Adamska e Anwitaman Datta. "Improving computational trust representation based on Internet auction traces". Decision Support Systems 54, n. 2 (gennaio 2013): 929–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2012.09.016.

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Tyun, Andrei Petrovich. "Representation of Negative Stereotypes of Police Perception". Общество: социология, психология, педагогика, n. 9 (25 settembre 2020): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24158/spp.2020.9.6.

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The paper discusses the problem of negative atti-tude towards the police in Russian society. The question of the social significance of trust in law enforcement agencies is investigated. Modern trends of violation of trust in law enforcement agen-cies in Russian society are considered. It is proved that in conditions of distrust of the police, it is prob-lematic to achieve a high efficiency of law enforce-ment. In the analysis the reasons for distrust of the police in the civilian environment, it is proved that the representation of negative stereotypes of the perception of police officers is of paramount im-portance. The specifics of negative stereotypes re-lated to law enforcement agencies are investigated. Mechanisms of their dissemination in the civil envi-ronment are analyzed. The high importance of mod-ern media in spreading negative stereotypes of po-lice perception is proved.

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Cardoso, Rui Costa, Abel J. P. Gomes e Mario M. Freire. "A User Trust System for Online Games—Part I: An Activity Theory Approach for Trust Representation". IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games 9, n. 3 (settembre 2017): 305–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tciaig.2016.2592965.

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KEMP, MARTIN. "Taking it on trust: form and meaning in naturalistic representation". Archives of Natural History 17, n. 2 (giugno 1990): 127–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.1990.17.2.127.

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Napier, Jemina, Robert Skinner, Alys Young e Rosemary Oram. "Mediating identities: Sign language interpreter perceptions on trust and representation". Journal of Applied Linguistics and Professional Practice 14, n. 1 (5 settembre 2019): 75–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/jalpp.36014.

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Pendlebury, Shirley, e Penny Enslin. "Representation, Identification and Trust: Towards an Ethics of Educational Research". Journal of the Philosophy of Education 35, n. 3 (agosto 2001): 361–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9752.00232.

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Leston-Bandeira, Cristina. "Parliaments' Endless Pursuit of Trust: Re-focusing on Symbolic Representation". Journal of Legislative Studies 18, n. 3-4 (dicembre 2012): 514–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13572334.2012.706059.

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Ellison, Mark, Gary Pollock e Robert Grimm. "Young people’s orientations towards contemporary politics: Trust, representation and participation". Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft 23, n. 6 (17 novembre 2020): 1201–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11618-020-00984-4.

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Gutorova, Alla N. "PARTY AND INDEPENDENT-INDIVIDUAL REPRESENTATION IN THE MECHANISM OF ENSURING THE DEMOCRATIC MANDATE OF THE POPULAR TRUST IN A CONSTITUTIONAL STATE". Tyumen State University Herald. Social, Economic, and Law Research 6, n. 4 (2020): 248–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2411-7897-2020-6-4-248-264.

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The party system in contemporary Russia has a number of features that should be taken into account in the course of the legal research and search for the optimal correlation of party and independent (individual) representation in the constitutional mechanism of the popular trust mandate. In our opinion, it is the features of the Russian party system at the present stage of its historical development, not multiparty as such, that determine the main vector of constitutional-legal regulation of these public relations and the relevant assessment of this phenomenon in Russian legal science. The research methodology is based on a comparative legal method that allowed the comparison of party and independent representation in the popular representation system. The use of the historical and legal method is determined by the need to identify the features of the development of the party system in modern Russia through the prism of historical facts. The forecasting method has allowed determining the prospects of further development of the Russian political system. The constitutional system of the Russian Federation over the past decades has demonstrated a very decisive rejection of the one-party ideological system and the transition to the nascent but steadily developing multiparty system. As the real multiparty system and political competition become stronger, the individual-independent form of popular representation will give way to the party mandate of popular trust until the institution of “independent” single-member deputies becomes a thing of the past, not only in the State Duma, but also in the legislative (representative) bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. “Independent-individual” national representation is more preferably for the local government, that is non-partisan national representation (in the general federal sense). By its constitutional and legal nature, the municipal popular representation is “independent and individual” in relation to political parties.

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Brown, Samuel D., Jacob B. Bills, Pamela R. Hallam e Sun Binghai. "Exploring the faces of trust: A study of Chinese students in higher education". World Studies in Education 19, n. 1 (1 dicembre 2018): 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.7459/wse/19.12.05.

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This research project surveyed 50 Chinese students from two large universities in China regarding their propensity to trust (on a scale created by Frazier, Johnson, & Fainsmidt, 2013) and the facets of trust they exprienced, intrepreted in terms of the “faces of trust” proposed by Hoy and Tschannen-Moran (2000). Research findings indicated an overall focus on benevolence-based trust in this sample, along with differences in representation of primary faces between genders. The findings also showed potential differences in propensity to trust associatted with gender and with the educational status of parents.

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Sabry, Mohamed Ismail. "Taming cronyism!: the role of Public Private Dialogues". International Journal of Social Economics 44, n. 12 (4 dicembre 2017): 1622–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-01-2016-0030.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the effect of Public Private Dialogues (PPD) on cronyism accounting for various cultural and governance institutions. Design/methodology/approach It proposes a number of hypotheses on: whether PPD characterized by high official representation and business representation, through mainly building trust, succeed in minimizing cronyism; whether certain cultural and governance institutions help PPD in achieving this; and in cultural settings which are originally inducing cronyism whether PPD help in minimizing cronyism. These are tested empirically using an ordinary least squares multivariate panel regression. Findings High official representation and high business people’s participation in PPD were found to help in minimizing cronyism in different cultures. This is arguably attributed to building trust in cultures characterized by having low general trust and low trust in governments. Accountability and transparency are significantly assisting PPD in this regard. Yet, PPD do not always succeed in taming cronyism, and in particular in ethnic fractionalized societies and societies having high collective cultures. Research limitations/implications The biggest challenge this research faced was estimating a proxy for PPD. Better data on business associations’ participation worldwide are needed to construct a more developed proxy. Practical implications PPD with high business participation and government representation should be encouraged. The same is true for reform leading to higher levels of transparency and accountability. Originality/value Constructing a proxy for PPD that allowed meta-analysis; and investigating theoretically and empirically the effect of the interaction of PPD with various institutions on cronyism.

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Krasuska-Betiuk, Marta. "Społeczne reprezentacje współpracy, zaufania i sprawiedliwości w edukacji szkolnej". Kwartalnik Pedagogiczny 63, n. 3 (249) (9 novembre 2018): 74–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7433.

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The purpose of the text is to present ways of perceiving values relevant for interpersonal relationships taking place in the school space. The main thesis is the inconsistency of systems of representations of ideas, values, beliefs shared by school community actors. The paradigm that guided the problem in question is derived from the constructivist trend of social psychology, called the theory of social representation (SRT), in the version formulated by Serge Moscovici. The first part of the paper presents the theoretical assumptions of the value proposition in school education and the methods of their investigation, then the author collates the scientific content of social concepts and the ways of their social perception. The subjects of social representation have been the relationships between teachers and parents and representations of the category of trust and justice in education. Theoretical considerations were supported by empirical examples from selected national and international studies.

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Cohen, Robin, John Finnson, Thomas Tran e Jie Zhang. "An ontological representation for trust-based decision making in transportation environments". Multiagent and Grid Systems 12, n. 4 (13 gennaio 2017): 319–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/mgs-160257.

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Heideman, Amanda J. "Race, Place, and Descriptive Representation: What Shapes Trust Toward Local Government?" Representation 56, n. 2 (5 febbraio 2020): 195–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00344893.2020.1720277.

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Ulbig, Stacy G. "Gendering Municipal Government: Female Descriptive Representation and Feelings of Political Trust". Social Science Quarterly 88, n. 5 (dicembre 2007): 1106–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6237.2007.00494.x.

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Cowley, Philip. "Descriptive Representation and Political Trust: A Quasi-natural Experiment Utilising Ignorance". Journal of Legislative Studies 20, n. 4 (29 luglio 2014): 573–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13572334.2014.937121.

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Naik, Paru. "Working toward representation in policy: the role of the MS Trust". British Journal of Neuroscience Nursing 17, n. 3 (2 giugno 2021): 121–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjnn.2021.17.3.121.

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Health professionals' involvement in the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence's and the Scottish Medicines Consortium's guidance development processes is key in getting it right for people with multiple sclerosis. However, alongside giving, what benefits can you gain as a nurse and therapist? Paru Naik and MS Trust colleagues explain.

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Armstrong, Peter. "Engineers, Management and Trust". Work, Employment and Society 1, n. 4 (dicembre 1987): 421–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017087001004002.

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This paper argues that the characteristic lack of engineering representation in British senior management is partly a consequence of the prevailing conception of what management is actually about. As compared to certain other capitalist economies, British conditions have favoured such management activities as the search for longterm finance and strategic marketing over product and process improvement. This system of priorities, massively perpetuated in management writings and education, is now embedded in the British definition of what management is. Aspirants to senior positions, which necessarily involve considerable decision-making discretion, need to demonstrate their `trustworthiness' in such terms. Insofar as the managerial credentials of professional engineering rest upon its position of authority within productive labour, they are out of key with the conception of management dominant in Britain. For many years the profession has tried to overcome this by adding `managerial' subjects to engineering education. However, so long as management is conceived of as a distinct field of study in its own right, such a strategy can do no more than place engineers in the position of comparative amateurs competing with full-time `specialists'.

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Brandl, Bernd. "Trust as the cement in the employment relationship? The role of trust in different workplace employment relations regimes". Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance 8, n. 1 (13 gennaio 2021): 80–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joepp-08-2020-0139.

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PurposeThis paper addresses the puzzle of why the same workplace employment relations regimes can lead to different performances and why different regimes can produce the same performance. It is argued that the incidence of mutual, and not necessarily unilateral, trust between the employee representation and the management accounts for these differences, as mutual trust fosters information sharing and helps to strike deals that are mutually beneficial. Against the background that the institutional and organizational characteristics of some workplace employment relations regimes also constitutes information sharing and joint decision making, the author further argues that mutual trust is a functional equivalent.Design/methodology/approachMethodologically, the article is international and cross-country comparative in nature and conducted on the basis of a unique, large and transnational comparable data set of the employment relationship at firm level in eleven countries.FindingsOur results show that strong mutual trust is associated with significantly higher incidences of increases in firm profitability, regardless of the workplace employment relations regime in which the firms are embedded.Practical implicationsThe results clearly indicate that trust between the employee representation and the management works as a functional equivalent to performance enhancing employment relations regimes. Therefore, some policy recommendations and imposed institutional reforms of employment relations regimes by the IMF and the European Central Bank in some countries are sub-optimal and might not have been necessary. Trust building initiatives between the employee representation and the management are therefore an alternative, which is less conflictual and could have the same effect on the performance of firms.Originality/valuePrevious analyses on differences in the performance effects of workplace employment relations regime concentrated almost exclusively on institutional factors. Factors that account for differences in the functioning of regimes such as in particular the role of trust were not considered before. Against this background, the originality of this analysis is that it clearly shows that it is not sufficient to consider only the institutional and organizational structure of regimes, but it is essential for a better understanding of the effects of the employment relationship to consider factors which account for the functioning of the regimes such as, in particular, trust.

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Xu, Zhaosheng. "Research on software credibility algorithm based on deep convolutional sparse coding". MATEC Web of Conferences 336 (2021): 08013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133608013.

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Based on the author's research time, this paper studies the software credibility algorithm based on deep convolutional sparse coding. Firstly, it summarizes the convolutional sparse coding and trust classification system, and then constructs the algorithm from two aspects: factor processing based on deep convolution neural network and trust classification based on sparse representation.

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Kjellberg, Sara, e Jutta Haider. "Researchers’ online visibility: tensions of visibility, trust and reputation". Online Information Review 43, n. 3 (10 giugno 2019): 426–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/oir-07-2017-0211.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand what role researchers assign to online representations on the new digital communication sites that have emerged, such as Academia, ResearchGate or Mendeley. How are researchers’ online presentations created, managed, accessed and, more generally, viewed by academic researchers themselves? And how are expectations of the academic reward system navigated and re-shaped in response to the possibilities afforded by social media and other digital tools?Design/methodology/approachFocus groups have been used for empirical investigation to learn about the role online representation is assigned by the concerned researchers.FindingsThe study shows that traditional scholarly communication documents are what also scaffolds trust and builds reputation in the new setting. In this sense, the new social network sites reinforce rather than challenge the importance of formal publications.Originality/valueAn understanding of the different ways in which researchers fathom the complex connection between reputation and trust in relation to online visibility as a measure of, or at least an attempt at, publicity (either within academia or outside it) is essential. This paper emphasizes the need to tell different stories by exploring how researchers understand their own practices and reasons for them.

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CHOI, EUNJUNG, e JONGSEOK WOO. "The Origins of Political Trust in East Asian Democracies: Psychological, Cultural, and Institutional Arguments". Japanese Journal of Political Science 17, n. 3 (12 agosto 2016): 410–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1468109916000165.

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AbstractWhile the importance of social and political trust has been well documented, there is a lack of scholarly consensus over where trust originates. This article tests three theoretical arguments – social-psychological, social-cultural, and political institutional – on the origin of political trust against three East Asian democracies (Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan). The empirical analysis from the AsiaBarometer survey illustrates that political institutional theory best explains the origin of political trust in East Asian cases. Citizens of these East Asian democracies have a high level of political trust when they believe that their governments perform well in management of the national economy and political representation of elected officials. Meanwhile, social-psychological and social-cultural theories explain the origins of social trust, but not political trust. The evidence reveals that socially trusting people are not automatically politically trusting; social trust and political trust originate from different sources and do not transform from one to the other.

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Paxton, Pamela, e Melissa S. Williams. "Voice, Trust, and Memory: Marginalized Groups and the Failings of Liberal Representation". Contemporary Sociology 30, n. 4 (luglio 2001): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3089779.

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CHO, WONBIN. "Accountability or Representation? How Electoral Systems Promote Public Trust in African Legislatures". Governance 25, n. 4 (30 luglio 2012): 617–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0491.2012.01598.x.

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Daly, Siobhan, Paul Biddle, Toby Brandon e Richard Slack. "'In whom we trust?' The experiences of trustees in learning disability charities". Voluntary Sector Review 9, n. 3 (17 dicembre 2018): 293–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/204080518x15428929056308.

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The purpose of this article is to explore the experiences of volunteers who are trustees in learning disability charities. Addressing a gap in the study of charity governance, we consider (a) what it means to be a trustee, (b) what trustees do and (c) what it is like to be a trustee. We argue that the complexity of the trustee volunteer experience suggests a need for a dynamic understanding of trusteeship. Drawing on Saward's work (2006, 2009, 2010), we discuss 'what is going on in trusteeship?' and the experiences of trusteeship as a series of representative claims. This is particularly pertinent to charities that work with and/or for people with learning disabilities where questions of representation are highly complex and politicised. The article presents a novel perspective on trusteeship to further our understanding of how trustees negotiate and address the demands of the position.

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Mora, Cristina, Julie A. Dowling e Michael Rodríguez-Muñiz. "“Mostly Rich White Men, Nothing in Common”: Latino Views on Political (Under) Representation in the Trump Era". American Behavioral Scientist 65, n. 9 (6 marzo 2021): 1180–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764221996768.

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The idea of U.S. democracy rests on the assumption that all citizens will see their issues and needs reflected in elected officials. Yet, historically this has not been the case, as racialized minorities have been excluded and systematically marginalized from the representative process. Today, nonwhite populations remain significantly underrepresented in federal and state governments. Although scholars have examined the effects and mechanics of ethnoracial political representation, less is known about how individuals from minoritized populations perceive and make sense of political (under)representation. Drawing on a novel data set of 71 in-depth interviews with Latinos in the Chicagoland area and the San Francisco Bay, this article examines Latino understandings of representation. Our findings show that respondents view Latinos and other “people of color” as largely underrepresented amid an exceedingly white federal government. Yet Latino sentiments on the issue go beyond race, as respondents contend that class and a record of experience advocating on behalf of immigrant and working-class communities also matters for feeling represented by elected officials. Our findings make a case for bridging the sociological literature on racialization and political theories on representation, and have implications for understanding broader notions of political belonging and government trust.

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Ulyanova, Lyubov V., e Boris V. Mezhuev. "Russian Conservatism and Popular Representation". Almanac “Essays on Conservatism” 42 (3 dicembre 2018): 167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.24030/24092517-2018-0-4-167-177.

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The article is devoted to the issue of Russian conservatism and popular representation and analyzes the new historiography of social thought in the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries on the basis of a number of monographs and materials of well-known specialists in late Slavophilism published by the “Russian Idea” internet site over the period of several years. The authors differentiate the protective conservatism (in the spirit of K.P. Pobedonostsev and his work “The Great Lie of Our Time”) that denied the positive role of any representation, and the social conservatism that saw the popular representation in the form of Zemsky Sobor as an integral part of political life and panacea against revolution. The authors prove the thesis that moderate conservative and Slavophiles’ recipes of social and political system modernization, based on the principles of power and society mutual trust, much better suited the goals of Russian state system evolutionary modernization than the reactionary protective conservatism on the one hand, and western liberal parliamentarism, on the other hand.

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BRIGUEZ, CRISTIAN E., MARCELA CAPOBIANCO e ANA G. MAGUITMAN. "A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK FOR TRUST-BASED NEWS RECOMMENDER SYSTEMS AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION USING DEFEASIBLE ARGUMENTATION". International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools 22, n. 04 (agosto 2013): 1350021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218213013500218.

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Although the importance of trust in recommender systems is widely recognized, the actual mechanisms of trust propagation and trust preservation are poorly understood. This is partly due to the fact that trust is a complex notion, which is typically context dependent, subjective, dynamic and not always transitive or symmetrical. This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the notion of trust in news recommendation and discusses the advantages of modeling this notion using Defeasible Logic Programming, a general-purpose defeasible argumentation formalism based on logic programming. In the proposed framework, users can express explicit trust statements on news reports, news sources and other users. Trust is then modeled and propagated using a dialectical process supported by a Defeasible Logic Programming interpreter. A set of basic postulates for trust and their representation by means of defeasible rules is presented. The suitability of the approach is investigated with a set of illustrative examples and then analyzed from a formal perspective. The obtained results indicate that the proposed framework provides a solid foundation for building trust-based news recommendation services.

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Sabry, Mohamed Ismail. "Could formalized State Business Relations lead to economic growth? Business participation, government representation and institutions". International Journal of Social Economics 45, n. 7 (9 luglio 2018): 1010–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-08-2017-0347.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether formal State Business Relations (F-SBR) lead to economic growth and which institutional variables are responsible for their success in achieving this. Design/methodology/approach Following a theoretical analysis, several hypotheses are presented, and a number of different regression models are being used to test the hypotheses. Findings The paper finds that F-SBR with high government representation and business participation are likely to increase investment flows as well as help overcome some burdensome institutional settings. This could be done thanks to building trust, enhancing information exchange and better policy formulation. Despite of its suggested trust-building capacity, F-SBR seem to fail to function in cultures where trust in governments is low, since trust is a key issue for cooperation as that expected in F-SBR. On the other hand, collective but also non-hierarchical cultures that foster cooperation seem to help in the success of F-SBR. Accountability to the public and openness to various societal groups as well as good regulatory quality would help F-SBR in leading to better economic outcomes. Practical implications This paper, thus, suggests supporting the establishment of F-SBR with high official representation and business participation because of their positive economic value. It also suggests that voice and accountability and regulatory quality are important institutions for the realization of better economic outcomes from F-SBR. Originality/value The theoretical and empirical approaches used in this paper are what make it a novel endeavor in this field. Much of the suggested hypotheses were hardly discussed thoroughly elsewhere in the literature on F-SBR. Moreover, the proxy used for F-SBR, constructed by the interaction term of government official representation and the level of business representation, made it possible to conduct empirical testing on a global level, something barely done in works on F-SBR experiences worldwide. The obtained results supported some of the arguments uttered in the literature while raising questions on others, opening the field for future research on the matter.

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Memon, Parvasha, e Muniza Malik. "Birth Ordinal and Trust on Close Interpersonal Relationship: A Comparative Study of First and Last Born Individuals". Grassroots 55, No 1 (7 giugno 2021): 114–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.52806/grassroots.v55i1.3764.

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The objective of this study was to investigate the differences in the level of trust in close interpersonal relationships among first born and last-born individuals. The sample of the present study was comprised of 120 participants (first born=60; last born=60). Data was collected through purposive random sampling. The age range of the participants in the present study was 20-45 years and both genders were given equal representation. Trust level of the participants was measured through Trust in close interpersonal relationship scale. Personal Information Questionnaire was also used to gather the information about the characteristics of participants such as age, birth ordinal, gender, education etc. It was hypothesized that there would be significant differences in the trust level of first born and last born. Findings revealed significant differences in the trust level of first born and last-born participants. Last born participants have more trust in interpersonal relationship. Gender differences were also found in the trust level. Females have more trust than males. The implications of the study have discussed in terms of child-rearing practices.

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Widaningrum, Ambar. "Public Trust and Regulatory Compliance". Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik 21, n. 1 (25 ottobre 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jsp.28679.

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Several studies have proven that public trust in government improves the level of policy or regulation acceptance and reduce administrative costs. In contexts where trust in government is high, citizens tend to be more willing to voluntarily comply with public policies. This article aims to explore issues of trust and distrust toward government, seen from the aspect of public compliance, both to rules or policies. The level of public trust toward government is expressed by giving its support through its conduct which complies with the existing rules. This study employed a case study research design, which was conducted in Yogyakarta, July 2015 – March 2016. It assessed the government regulation on Traffic and Road Transport and Local Regulation on Street Vendors Management. This study concludes that a number of non-compliant behaviors is a form of low publictrust in government. Disobedience is a representation of government failure to enforce the rule of law which resulted in some of the processes and procedures of public services that have not been followed by people. Level of public trust in the government regulation is an output of a variety of interrelated elements: the performance of the implemented regulation to solve public problems; consistency in the regulation’s enforcement and fairness, and government officials’ behavior, demonstrated through exemplary attitude.

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Mikalauskas, Arvydas. "Relevance of Representative Bureaucracy in Municipality Administration in the Republic of Lithuania". Socialiniai tyrimai 38, n. 2 (18 dicembre 2015): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/st.2015.23018.

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The concept of representative bureaucracy is based on the significance of representativeness of bureaucracy: its sensitivity to the public interest is directly related to representativeness of public sector servants. This article clarifies the concept of representative bureaucracy as an approach that enables one to diagnose problems in the Lithuanian civil service human resources management and presents possible solutions. Primary focus is on the aspects of trust in civil servants and gender representation in the public service. Research into representative bureaucracy has highlighted the issues of human resource management that need to be addressed in municipality administration in Lithuania. The principles of representative bureaucracy are also relevant to local autonomy because of both, the possibility to involve residents into handling administrative issues (via active communication of civil servants) and efficiency of bureaucracy itself.

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Gooberman-Hill, Rachael, Michelle L. Taylor, Ulrika Maude, Lucy Yardley, Richard Huxtable, Jo Stubbs e Tim J. Peters. "Public views of coronavirus science and scientists: findings from a cross-sectional survey". Wellcome Open Research 6 (29 giugno 2021): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16780.1.

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Background: Throughout the coronavirus pandemic, references to scientific findings have permeated public-facing communications. Understanding how members of the public view science, scientists and scientific uncertainty should enhance approaches to communication and individuals’ decisions to engage with public health measures, including restrictions and vaccination programmes. Methods: A survey was conducted on our behalf by YouGov in November 2020. The survey asked about: level of public trust in scientists and scientific information; changes in trust between March and November 2020; views about communication of scientific uncertainty; confidence in the accuracy of scientific findings; and views about whether public information is an accurate representation of coronavirus science. Results: The sample comprised 2,025 individuals living in England; 40.5% were ≥55 years old, 51.1% were female, and 12.3% identified as members of an ethnic minority/mixed ethnicity. Here, we present descriptive statistics across six key variables: age, gender, ethnicity, keyworker status, shielding status, and coronavirus exposure. Trust was highest among older respondents and those who identified as of white ethnicity. The concurrent (November 2020) levels of reported trust in scientific information about coronavirus were generally lower than those reported retrospectively for the start of the pandemic (March 2020). There was higher trust and positivity about science among people who had been shielding and among those who had not contracted coronavirus. Around half of respondents did not think that the uncertainty in science was conveyed much or at all, most were confident in the accuracy of coronavirus science, and around half thought that public information was a true representation of the science. Conclusions: Our study indicates that there is room to improve trust and communication in science. As well as detailed analyses to account for inter-relationships, further research could examine reasons behind change in trust over time and any persisting patterns by age, ethnicity, and shielding status.

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Smith, Vernon L., e Bart J. Wilson. "SENTIMENTS, CONDUCT, AND TRUST IN THE LABORATORY". Social Philosophy and Policy 34, n. 1 (2017): 25–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052517000024.

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Abstract:In this essay we provide a brief account and interpretation of The Theory of Moral Sentiments showing that it departs fundamentally from contemporary patterns of thought in economics that are believed to govern individual behavior in small groups, and contains strong testable propositions governing the expression of that behavior. We also state a formal representation of the model for individual choice of action, apply the propositions to the prediction of actions in trust games, report two experiments testing these predictions, and interpret the results in terms directly related to the model. In short, we argue that the system of sociability developed by Adam Smith provides a coherent non-utilitarian model that is consistent with the pattern of results in trust games, and leads to testable new predictions, some of which we test.

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Booth, Richard, e Aaron Hunter. "Trust as a Precursor to Belief Revision". Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 61 (30 marzo 2018): 699–722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.5521.

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Belief revision is concerned with incorporating new information into a pre-existing set of beliefs. When the new information comes from another agent, we must first determine if that agent should be trusted. In this paper, we define trust as a pre-processing step before revision. We emphasize that trust in an agent is often restricted to a particular domain of expertise. We demonstrate that this form of trust can be captured by associating a state partition with each agent, then relativizing all reports to this partition before revising. We position the resulting family of trust-sensitive revision operators within the class of selective revision operators of Ferme and Hansson, and we prove a representation result that characterizes the class of trust-sensitive revision operators in terms of a set of postulates. We also show that trust-sensitive revision is manipulable, in the sense that agents can sometimes have incentive to pass on misleading information.

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Rajan, Supritha. "The Epistemology of Trust and Realist Effect in Charles Dickens’s Bleak House". Nineteenth-Century Literature 72, n. 1 (1 giugno 2017): 64–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ncl.2017.72.1.64.

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Supritha Rajan, “The Epistemology of Trust and Realist Effect in Charles Dickens’s Bleak House” (pp. 64–106) This essay argues that the narrative structure of Charles Dickens’s Bleak House (1852–1853), which repeatedly shifts from the omniscient narrator’s skeptical stance to Esther’s trusting disposition, demonstrates how skepticism is ultimately grounded in an epistemology of trust. Trust constitutes a non-skepticist, affective attitude whose certitude in the phenomenal world is not subject to demonstrative proof. The latter model of trust is not only fundamental to epistemology, but also to ethical relations and practical life. The important role that trust plays in everyday life also poses relevance to our understanding of realist representation. Using Bleak House as its novelistic example, this essay considers realism as a mode that achieves its effect by inviting readers to adopt an attitude of trust. Such an account runs counter to traditional epistemologies of realism, which have typically aligned it with post-Cartesian skepticism.

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Portacolone, Elena, Nynikka Palmer, Peter Lichtenberg, Catherine Waters, Carl Hill, Sahru Keiser e Julene K. Johnson. "Earning the Trust of African American Communities to Increase Representation in Dementia Research". Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (1 dicembre 2020): 878. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3244.

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Abstract Black/African American populations are underrepresented as participants in dementia research. A major barrier to participation of African American older adults in dementia research is a tendency to distrust research institutions owing to a legacy of racism. Building on the Ford framework, the objective of our study was to examine factors that influence participation in dementia research among African American older adults and caregivers, with an emphasis on understanding factors related to trust. Data were collected from 10 focus groups with African American older adults (n=91), 5 focus groups with caregivers (n=44), and interviews with administrators of community-based organizations (n=11), and meetings with our Community Advisory Board. Inductive/deductive content analysis was used to identify themes. The results identified an overall tension between distrust of researchers and a compelling desire to engage in dementia research. This overarching theme was supported by six themes that provided insights about the multiple layers of distrust, as well as expectations about the appropriate conduct of researchers and academic institutions. Strong commitment to the community was identified as a priority. The findings suggest that a paradigm shift is needed to increase the representation of African Americans in dementia research. In this new paradigm, earning the trust of African American communities becomes a systemic endeavor, with academic, state and national institutions deeply committed to earning the trust of African American communities and guiding researchers in this endeavor. The findings also generated actionable recommendations to help improve representation of African American older adults in dementia research.

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Barbisan, Benedetta. "Flashes in the Pan or Constitutional Metamorphoses?" European Journal of Comparative Law and Governance 5, n. 3 (16 settembre 2018): 213–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134514-00503001.

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The basic idea is to connect two phenomena characterising some constitutional contexts but not always put in strict relation: on one side, the mechanisms devised by several courts according to which they can address structural problems via individual petitions, guiding (or even deputising) the action of other branches to take measures correcting those distortions and, on the other, the crisis of representation that seems to make legislators and executives inadequate for providing the justice to which citizens aspire. It is not only the judicialisation of politics; it is rather the possible transforming role of the judiciary against the backdrop of the representation crisis. Then, the question is whether the growing shift of trust from the classic representative form of democracy to technocracy may trigger only ephemeral changes or if it is destined to lead to actual constitutional metamorphoses: are courts destined to look like ancient parliaments?

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Portacolone, Elena, Nynikka R. Palmer, Peter Lichtenberg, Catherine M. Waters, Carl V. Hill, Sahru Keiser, Leah Vest et al. "Earning the Trust of African American Communities to Increase Representation in Dementia Research". Ethnicity & Disease 30, Suppl (19 novembre 2020): 719–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18865/ed.30.s2.719.

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Black/African American populations are underrepresented as participants in dementia research. A major barrier to participation of African American older adults in dementia research is a tendency to distrust research institutions owing to both historical and contemporary racism. Building on the Ford framework, the objective of our study was to examine factors that influence participation in dementia research among African American older adults and caregivers, with an emphasis on understanding factors related to trust. Data were collected during January 2019 and March 2020 from 10 focus groups with African American older adults (n=91), 5 focus groups with caregivers (n=44), and interviews with administrators of community-based organizations (n=11), and meetings with our Community Advisory Board. Inductive/deductive content analysis was used to identify themes. The results identified an overall tension between distrust of researchers and a compelling desire to engage in dementia research. This overarching theme was supported by six themes that provided insights about the multiple layers of distrust, as well as expectations about the appropriate conduct of researchers and academic institutions. Strong commitment to the community was identified as a priority. The findings suggest that a paradigm shift is needed to increase the representation of African Americans in dementia research. In this new paradigm, earning the trust of African American communities becomes a systemic endeavor, with academic, state, and national institutions deeply committed to earning the trust of African American communities and guiding researchers in this endeavor. The findings also generated actionable recommendations to help improve representation of African American older adults in dementia research.Ethn Dis. 2020;30(Suppl 2):719-734; doi:10.18865/ed.30.S2.719

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Jain, Manish, Albert Xin Jiang, Takashi Kiddo, Keiki Takadama, Eric G. Mercer, Neha Rungta, Mark Waser et al. "Reports of the 2014 AAAI Spring Symposium Series". AI Magazine 35, n. 3 (19 settembre 2014): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v35i3.2550.

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The Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence was pleased to present the AAAI 2014 Spring Symposium Series, held Monday through Wednesday, March 24–26, 2014. The titles of the eight symposia were Applied Computational Game Theory, Big Data Becomes Personal: Knowledge into Meaning, Formal Verification and Modeling in Human-Machine Systems, Implementing Selves with Safe Motivational Systems and Self-Improvement, The Intersection of Robust Intelligence and Trust in Autonomous Systems, Knowledge Representation and Reasoning in Robotics, Qualitative Representations for Robots, and Social Hacking and Cognitive Security on the Internet and New Media). This report contains summaries of the symposia, written, in most cases, by the cochairs of the symposium.

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