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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Urban water resources"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 10 dicembre 2022

Ultima modifica: 28 gennaio 2023

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Urban water resources"

Asano, T. "Urban water recycling". Water Science and Technology 51, n. 8 (1 aprile 2005): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0232.

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Increasing urbanization has resulted in an uneven distribution of population, industries, and water in urban areas; thus, imposing unprecedented pressures on water supplies and water pollution control. These pressures are exacerbated during the periods of drought and climatic uncertainties. The purpose of this paper is to summarize emergence of water reclamation, recycling and reuse as a vital component of sustainable water resources in the context of integrated water resources management in urban and rural areas. Water quality requirements and health and public acceptance issues related to water reuse are also discussed. Reclaimed water is a locally controllable water resource that exists right at the doorstep of the urban environment, where water is needed the most and priced the highest. Closing the water cycle loop not only is technically feasible in agriculture, industries, and municipalities but also makes economic sense. Society no longer has the luxury of using water only once.

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Rogers, Peter. "Integrated urban water resources management". Natural Resources Forum 17, n. 1 (febbraio 1993): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-8947.1993.tb00158.x.

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Wolf, L., B. Morris e S. Burn. "Urban Water Resources Toolbox - Integrating Groundwater into Urban Water Management". Water Intelligence Online 5 (30 dicembre 2015): 9781780402437. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/9781780402437.

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Darnell, Charles M., Dominique Brocard, Hussein Lootah e Hussain Sulaiman. "RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: BALANCING LIMITED WATER RESOURCES WITH URBAN EXPANSION". Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2002, n. 16 (1 gennaio 2002): 779–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864702784246991.

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Huang, Y., J. Chen, S. Zeng, F. Sun e X. Dong. "A stochastic optimization approach for integrated urban water resource planning". Water Science and Technology 67, n. 7 (1 aprile 2013): 1634–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.036.

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Urban water is facing the challenges of both scarcity and water quality deterioration. Consideration of nonconventional water resources has increasingly become essential over the last decade in urban water resource planning. In addition, rapid urbanization and economic development has led to an increasing uncertain water demand and fragile water infrastructures. Planning of urban water resources is thus in need of not only an integrated consideration of both conventional and nonconventional urban water resources including reclaimed wastewater and harvested rainwater, but also the ability to design under gross future uncertainties for better reliability. This paper developed an integrated nonlinear stochastic optimization model for urban water resource evaluation and planning in order to optimize urban water flows. It accounted for not only water quantity but also water quality from different sources and for different uses with different costs. The model successfully applied to a case study in Beijing, which is facing a significant water shortage. The results reveal how various urban water resources could be cost-effectively allocated by different planning alternatives and how their reliabilities would change.

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Okun, Daniel A. "Reclaimed Water – An Urban Water Resource". Water Science and Technology 24, n. 9 (1 novembre 1991): 353–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0264.

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The population in urban areas is growing rapidly; from 30% in 1950 to about 50% at the turn of the century. In 35 years time, the number of large cities (greater than one million) will double and the population living in them will triple. Most large cities are already facing water supply problems and these will increase in the future. Water reclamation for nonpotable reuse for urban irrigation, industry, toilet-flushing, cooling, construction etc. can reduce the demand on limited fresh water resources. Many urban areas around the world have already used this approach to meeting problems of increased water demand.

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Peng, Cheng Yao, e Jie Zhang. "Addressing Urban Water Resource Scarcity in China from Water Resource Planning Experiences of Singapore". Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (gennaio 2012): 1213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.1213.

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The world wide water crisis we are facing nowadays is no longer how to acquire new water resource, but rather how to manage the available water resource. The water resource management practices in China are still under the guidance following conventional mindset and compliances. It was yet brought up to people’s attention that water resource planning is a crucial element of urban planning, not to mention the effort that should be spent in investigating and exploring the potential value of water to economy, esthetics and social development. This paper introduced the practices of Singapore government in managing its local water resources, i.e. recovery of the polluted water environment in its early years, integrated planning of catchment and reservoirs for stormwater storage, acquiring new resource to supplement and replacing conventional water resource, establishing public outreach network for water demand management and water resource protection, adopting water sensitive urban design to rediscover the added value of water resource to urban development, etc. By reviewing the mechanism of Singapore’s practices on sustainable planning, the existing urban water resources shortage situation in China would be addressed and suggestion for urban water resource sustainable planning and use would also be given.

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MAGARA, Yasutomo. "WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND URBAN WATER/WASTE WATER METABOLIC SYSTEM". Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu, n. 762 (2004): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscej.2004.762_15.

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Meng, Zhen Zhu, De Shan Tang, Yu Hang Wei e Yi Fan Ding. "Improve Urban River Water Quality by Integrating Water Resource Management into Urban Construction". Advanced Materials Research 1077 (dicembre 2014): 276–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1077.276.

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Increasing population and urbanization pose more and more threats to urban river. Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) is possible framework to solve water resource management problems through cross-sectional cooperation, but the vagueness in this concept make its application difficult. This paper focuses on urban river management practices in China and classified the government-guided cross-sectional urban river management projects to a special pattern of IWRM (GIWRM). It is proved to be effective in synthesizing efforts of different government departments, industry and the public and improve the urban river conditions a lot.

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MERRICK, JOHN. "INLAND WATER RESOURCES". Australian Planner 31, n. 1 (gennaio 1993): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07293682.1993.9657602.

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Tesi sul tema "Urban water resources"

Martin, Carrasco Francisco Javier. "Identification of robust water resources planning strategies". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/75996.

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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning and Dept. of Civil Engineering, 1987.
Bibliography: leaves 169-170.
by Francisco Javier Martin Carrasco.
M.C.P.

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Yarde, Richard Roy 1969. "State capacity for water resources planning". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291640.

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Since the end of federal funds from the Water Resources Planning Act of 1964, it has been largely the responsibility of the states to plan for their water resources. This study will report on the current status of state water planning, suggest some variables that may have an influence on a state's decision to prepare a state water plan, and test the variables through statistical analysis. Some of the variables that are suggested as having some influence on state water planning are precipitation, population density, large metropolitan areas, median per capita income (as a measure of state affluence), and percent of land irrigated. Among these, it is only precipitation that has a clearly significant correlation to the preparation of a state water plan. It is concluded that no single variable is an accurate predictor of state behavior, but that a combination of variables act together to influence state behavior.

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Fisher, Karen Toni. "Meeting urban water needs : exploring water governance and development in Tagbilaran City, the Philippines /". View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2006. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20061221.100356/index.html.

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Husain, Salman Y. Y. "A study of urban residential water consumption behaviour : the case of Kuwait". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302676.

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Amalfi, Frederick A., e Milton R. Sommerfeld. "Organic Contaminants in Urban Lake Sediments: A Preliminary Assessment". Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296424.

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From the Proceedings of the 1989 Meetings of the Arizona Section - American Water Resources Association and the Hydrology Section - Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science - April 15, 1989, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada
Bottom sediments from several urban lakes located in the Phoenix metropolitan area were collected and analyzed for organic priority pollutants. The lakes selected for analysis were broadly representative of the diversity of lake characteristics found in the Phoenix area. That is, lakes were sampled that had different types of primary water sources and that were located in watersheds of differing degrees of urbanization. Preliminary results indicate that only nine of the 114 listed organic priority pollutants were found in measurable quantities in the sediments of the lakes surveyed. The pollutants detected were either phthalate esters or volatile or semi-volatile halogenated compounds. None of the pollutants were common to all the lakes sampled. Dibutyl phthalate was detected in three of the six lakes. A larger database is being developed and will be necessary to determine whether a statistical correlation exists between watershed characteristics and feedwater, and organic composition of lake sediments.

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Livingston, Daniel John Civil &amp Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Institutions and decentralised urban water management". Publisher:University of New South Wales. Civil & Environmental Engineering, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41336.

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Physically decentralised water management systems may contribute to improving the sustainability of urban water management. Any shift toward decentralised systems needs to consider not just physical system design but also social values, knowledge frames, and organisations, and their interconnections to the physical technology. Four cases of recent Australian urban water management improvement projects were researched using qualitative methods. Three cases were of decentralised water management innovation. The other was of a centralised system, although decentralised options had been considered. These cases were studied to identify institutional barriers and enablers for the uptake of decentralised systems, and to better understand how emerging environmental engineering knowledge might be applied to overcome an implementation gap for decentralised urban water technologies. Analysis of each case focused on the institutional elements of urban water management, namely: the values, knowledge frames and organisational structures. These elements were identified through in-depth interviews, document review, and an on-line survey. The alignment of these elements was identified as being a significant contributor to the stability of centralised systems, or to change toward decentralised systems. A new organisational home for innovative knowledge was found to be common to each case where decentralised innovation occurred. ??Institutional entrepreneurs??, strong stakeholder engagement, and inter-organisational networks were all found to be linked to the creation of shared meaning and legitimacy for organisational and technological change. Existing planning frameworks focus on expert justification for change rather than institutional support for change. Institutional factors include shared understandings, values and organisational frameworks, and the alignment of each factor. Principles for, and examples of, appropriate organisational design for enabling and managing decentralised technological innovation for urban water management are proposed. This research contributes to the understanding of the institutional basis and dynamics of urban water management, particularly in relation to physical centralisation and decentralisation of urban water management technologies and, to a lesser extent, in relation to user involvement in urban water management. Understanding of factors that contribute to enabling and constraining decentralised technologies is extended to include institutional and organisational factors. New and practical pathways for change for the implementation of decentralised urban water systems are provided.

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Amalfi, Frederick A., e Milton R. Sommerfeld. "A Limnological Investigation of an Urban Lake System in Central Arizona". Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296398.

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From the Proceedings of the 1987 Meetings of the Arizona Section - American Water Resources Association, Hydrology Section - Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science and the Arizona Hydrological Society - April 18, 1987, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona

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Amalfi, Frederick A., e Milton R. Sommerfeld. "Accumulation of Heavy Metals and Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Urban Lakes: Preliminary Results". Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296412.

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From the Proceedings of the 1988 Meetings of the Arizona Section - American Water Resources Association and the Hydrology Section - Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science - April 16, 1988, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
A preliminary survey of several urban lakes in the Phoenix metropolitan area was undertaken to assess the degree of accumulation of priority pollutant metals and petroleum -based hydrocarbons in these impoundments. Three sediment samples were collected from each lake along a transect (from a probable point of stormwater addition to the opposite shore), and were composited on an equal weight basis prior to analysis. Total petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations ranged from 30 to 8000 mg /kg dry weight. The concentration ranges (mg /kg dry weight) of total metals were: arsenic 7-26, copper 25-2800, chromium 14-55, nickel 5-40, lead < 1-138, selenium < 0.5-1.1, and zinc 33-239. Silver and cadmium were undetectable (< 5.0 and < 0.5 mg /kg, respectively). Factors that may be associated with the magnitude of accumulation in urban lakes include lake age, primary source of influent, reception of stormwater runoff, mechanical aeration of the water, and direct chemical addition.

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Hassan, Mahmoud Wifag. "Water Harvesting for Integrated Water Resources Management and Sustainable Development in Khartoum State". Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-125079.

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Khartoum State in Sudan is subject to the erratic and intense rainfall during the short rainy season and dryness and heat throughout the rest of the year. High intensity rainstorms with a short duration have become more frequent in the area during the last two decades resulting in cities inundation and flash floods in the rural parts. On the other hand, the dry season means hot weather in the urban parts and water shortage in the rural part. Rural areas are dependent on the runoff water brought about by the seasonal streams as a source of water. For this study, Khartoum City Center and Seleit area were taken to investigate the application of water harvesting in the urban and rural areas, respectively. Accordingly, the hydrological characteristics and the specification of the potential water harvesting sites and systems were examined. For Khartoum City Center, characteristics of the drainage system were examined using ArcGIS platform. It is found that the drainage system covers 42% of the area with total capacity of 24000 m3. Daily rainfall data for urban meteorological station were used to calculate the probability and the return period of the rainfall, as well as the potential runoff. Rainfall probability of occurrence was calculated applying Gumbel distribution method for extreme events that were arranged according to the Peak-over-Threshold method. The potential runoff that could be generated from a certain rainfall was calculated using the Natural Resources Conservation Services method provided by the United States Department of Agriculture (US-NRCS). Accordingly, the curve number was calculated depending on the land use/land cover and the hydrological soil group. Consequently, the weighted curve number is found to be 94%, indicating dominant imperviousness. 13.1 mm rainfall depth produces runoff volume equal to the drainage system capacity with return period of one year; whereas more than four folds the drainage system capacity is produced by 30 mm rainfall depth that is considered the threshold for raising flood hazard. Six potential sites for roof rainwater harvesting were selected. Accordingly, it is found that, the application of roof water harvesting in 18% and 72% of the commercial and business district buildings can accommodate the runoff resulting from the 13.1 and 30 mm rainfall depth, respectively. Hence, impounding rainstorm water would help managing the urban runoff water, and consequently, the stored water could be used for making more green areas that will enhance the urban environment. Three watersheds of ephemeral streams (wadi), namely Wadi El Kangar, Wadi El Seleit, and Wadi El Kabbashi make up Seleit area. Distinct maps were prepared in ArcMap for the calculation of the potential runoff and the specification of the appropriate water harvesting sites and systems. The Wadis watersheds areas are found to be 540, 344 and 42 km2 for Wadi El Kangar, Wadi El Seleit and Wadi El Kabbashi, respectively. Daily rainfall data of rural meteorological station were classified into three groups representing the soil dry (AMCI), moderate (AMCII), and wet (AMCIII) moisture conditions; the respective CNI, CNII, and CNIII values were calculated accordingly. The weighted CN values indicate high runoff potential within the three soil moisture conditions. Accordingly, the rainfall thresholds for runoff generation for AMCI, AMCII and AMCIII conditions are found to be respectively 18.3 mm, 9.1 mm and 4.4 mm for Wadi El Kabbashi and 22 mm, 11 mm and 5 mm for both Wadi El Seleit and Wadi El Kangar. El Kangar dam subwatershed was used for calibrating the potential runoff calculated by the NRCS method. Since the Wadis are ungauged, Google Earth and GIS platforms were used to calculate geometrically the volume of the dam reservoir water for three years. This volume was compared to the annual runoff calculated by the NRCS method. Consideration to different factors was made to locate the potential water harvesting sites. Accordingly, water harvesting systems for fodder and crop plantation; sand storage surface or subsurface dams; or groundwater recharge, were specified. The socio-economic study revealed that the financial capacity, if any, of the villagers is very limited. Thus, the financial source for the construction of the suggested potential water harvesting or the rehabilitation of the existing ones is questionable. Hence, other potential financial sources are needed to help executing water harvesting projects in the region, e.g. Khartoum State Government. Applying water harvesting in Seleit area is found to be promising. Improving the livelihood of the villagers by applying runoff water harvesting could assure better water accessibility, better income generation from farms production, and allocation of time for other activities, e.g. education. This would be reflected in reduced migration to nearby cities and stabilized market supply of agricultural and animal products. Therefore, the development of the rural part is of great benefit to the development of Khartoum State, as long as the interdependency and mutual benefit between the rural and urban areas, represented by the local food and labor market, remain exist.

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Fernando, W. G. Neranjala. "Use of regime relationships in natural urban waterway design". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1996. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36002/1/36002_Fernando_1996.pdf.

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Urban developments directly modify significant areas of the earth's surface. This modification greatly affects the components of the hydrological cycle and consequently the process of erosion and sedimentation. The removal of vegetation and the increase in impervious cover leads to a decrease in infiltration and hence an increase in surface runoff The urban population acts as a driving force which changes the landscape and the hydrological cycle of the area, while increasing the demand for natural and water related environments. For the population living in the immediate vicinity, these environments provide a recreational facility, a refuge for wild life and also open space and vegetation to mitigate air and noise pollution. Therefore planners and engineers should adopt less artificial measures to arrest the deterioration of urban streams and their corridors. In this context natural urban waterway design is finding increasing favour with the engineering profession, the public, and planners. The Natural Urban Waterway Design method aims to design a stable channel which looks natural, consisting of meanders, pools and riffles ·with bank stability provided by suitable riparian vegetation which also provides diverse habitats for flora and fauna. The regime relationships originally developed for irrigation channels in India have been shown to be suitable for application to natural streams. These empirical relationships are not universal, because their applicability depends on the climatic, geologic and vegetation characteristics of the catchment, and must be calibrated so as to account for the catchment geological and hydrological characteristics before using them in a design method. Two creeks within the Brisbane City Council area, Australia, were selected as part of the study. Both streams have fairly stable natural cross-sections and are located within catchments whose degree of urbanisation is quite low. Historical information was available for these creeks in the form of aerial photographs. The detailed crosssections and flood frequency information which was used were the result of recent flood studies undertaken by the Brisbane City Council, Australia. In this study regime type relationships for mobile sand bed and gravel bed streams in a sub-tropical humid type climate are derived. The variations of hydraulic characteristics such as width, depth, area, slope and velocity with bankfull discharge are compared with the regime relationships presented in the published literature. The gravel bed stream data showed good agreement with the published literature for gravel bed streams. The sand bed stream, on the otherhand, showed similar slopes to the trend lines for sand bed streams, but the data occupies a much higher position than the published studies for such beds. The difference in position is discussed. Bankfull discharges and their probabilities of occurrence were derived for these creeks. It is found that the sand bed stream has a lower average recurrence interval of bankfull discharge compared to the gravel bed stream. The effect of bank vegetation on the channel parameters is also discussed. In this study regime equations were calibrated to account for the geological, hydrological and vegetational characteristics of the streams. The results demonstrates the viability of using the regime relationships for the prediction of stable channel properties for natural urban waterway design. Useful recommendations that can be used in the design of such streams are also provided in the conclusions.

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Più fonti

Libri sul tema "Urban water resources"

Water for Texas Conference (21st 1986 Texas A & M University). Urban water resources management. College Station, Tex: Texas Water Resources Institute, 1986.

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Hlavinek, Petr, Tamara Kukharchyk, Jiri Marsalek e Ivana Mahrikova, a cura di. Integrated Urban Water Resources Management. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4685-5.

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Leif, Wolf, Burn Stewart, Morris Brian 1947- e Universität Karlsruhe, a cura di. Urban water resources toolbox: Integrating groundwater into urban water management. London: IWA Pub., 2006.

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Lawrence, Patrick L., a cura di. Geospatial Tools for Urban Water Resources. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4734-0.

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Urban water conflicts. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2011.

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Rutger, De Graaf, e Hooimeijer Fransje, a cura di. Urban water in Japan. London: Taylor & Francis, 2008.

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New Mexico Decision-Makers Earth Science Field Conference (6th 2009). Water, natural resources, and the urban landscape: The Albuquerque region. A cura di Price L. Greer, Miller Phil e New Mexico. Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources. Socorro, N.M: New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 2009.

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2009), New Mexico Decision-Makers Earth Science Field Conference (6th. Water, natural resources, and the urban landscape: The Albuquerque region. Socorro, N.M: New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 2009.

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E, Jones Jonathan, e Environmental and Water Resources Institute (U.S.). Urban Water Resources Research Council., a cura di. Great works on urban water resources (1962-2001), from the American Society of Civil Engineers, Urban Water Resources Research Council. Reston, Va: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2006.

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D, Loucks Eric, American Society of Civil Engineers. Water Resources Planning and Management Division. e Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago (Ill.), a cura di. Water resources and the urban environment: Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference on Water Resources Planning and Management. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 1998.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Urban water resources"

McPherson, M. B. "Urban Water Resources". In Special Publications, 31–39. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/sp006p0031.

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Dzurik, Andrew A. "Water Resources Planning". In Urban Planning Guide, 271–332. New York, NY: American Society of Civil Engineers, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780872625464.ch12.

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Roesner, Larry A. "Urban Runoff Processes". In Water Resources Monograph, 137–59. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/wm007p0137.

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Jat, Mahesh K., Deepak Khare e Ashok K. Sharma. "Urban Water Management". In Sustainable Water Resources Management, 501–45. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784414767.ch19.

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Roesner, Larry A. "Quality of Urban Runoff". In Water Resources Monograph, 161–87. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/wm007p0161.

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Brown, Roger K. "Urban Water Resources Management". In Urban Water Infrastructure, 71–81. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0559-7_8.

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Wenzel, Harry G. "Rainfall for Urban Stormwater Design". In Water Resources Monograph, 35–67. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/wm007p0035.

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Dendrou, Stergios A. "Overview of Urban Stormwater Models". In Water Resources Monograph, 219–47. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/wm007p0219.

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Schilling, Kyle E. "US Urban Water Resources Infrastructure". In Urban Water Infrastructure, 1–9. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0559-7_1.

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Castensson, Reinhold G. "Urban Water Resources Supply Conflicts". In Urban Water Infrastructure, 23–31. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0559-7_4.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Urban water resources"

Pitt, Robert, Janice Lantrip e Thomas P. O'Connor. "Infiltration Through Disturbed Urban Soils". In Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)108.

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Fan, Chi-Yuan, Richard Field, Fu-hsiung Lai, James P. Heaney, David Sample e Leonard T. Wright. "Costs of Urban Stormwater Control". In Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)38.

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Katopodes, Nikolaos D. "Modeling Urban Runoff". In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2003. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40685(2003)300.

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Steiner, Roland C., e Erik R. Hagen. "Urban Drought Planning vs. the Real Thing". In Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)11.

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Koroša, A., e N. Mali. "Pharmaceuticals and pesticides in urban groundwater: a case study – Maribor, Slovenia". In WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 2015. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wrm150351.

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PARK, JUNGNAM, JEONGMIN KWON, SANGWON HAN, BYOUNGMANN PARK, JUNGGYU HAN, JUNGHYUN HWANG e SEOKHYUN CHUNG. "THE PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF THE URBAN FLOOD PREVENTION PROJECT IN KOREA". In WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 2017. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wrm170181.

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Clar, M. L., e J. Gracie. "Urban Hydrology Characteristics and their Influence on Urban Stream Restoration Technology". In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2004. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40737(2004)440.

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Del Re, G., A. Di Donato, R. Volpe e M. G. Perilli. "Urban wastewater reuse: water treatment and effectiveness on antibiotic-resistant bacteria abatement". In WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IV. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wrm070411.

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Shrestha, S., A. Samuel, P. Ronaldson e S. J. Riley. "Investigation into potential impacts of implementation of water sensitive urban design components". In WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 2009. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wrm090261.

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Rodríguez, José F., Marcelo H. García, Fabián A. Bombardelli, José M. Guzmán, Bruce L. Rhoads e Edwin Herricks. "Naturalization of Urban Streams Using In-Channel Structures". In Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)341.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Urban water resources"

Praskievicz, Sarah. Impacts of Climate Change and Urban Development on Water Resources in the Tualatin River Basin. Portland State University Library, gennaio 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2246.

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Desiderati, Christopher. Carli Creek Regional Water Quality Project: Assessing Water Quality Improvement at an Urban Stormwater Constructed Wetland. Portland State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/mem.78.

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Stormwater management is an ongoing challenge in the United States and the world at-large. As state and municipal agencies grapple with conflicting interests like encouraging land development, complying with permits to control stormwater discharges, “urban stream syndrome” effects, and charges to steward natural resources for the long-term, some agencies may turn to constructed wetlands (CWs) as aesthetically pleasing and functional natural analogs for attenuating pollution delivered by stormwater runoff to rivers and streams. Constructed wetlands retain pollutants via common physical, physicochemical, and biological principles such as settling, adsorption, or plant and algae uptake. The efficacy of constructed wetlands for pollutant attenuation varies depending on many factors such as flow rate, pollutant loading, maintenance practices, and design features. In 2018, the culmination of efforts by Clackamas Water Environment Services and others led to the opening of the Carli Creek Water Quality Project, a 15-acre constructed wetland adjacent to Carli Creek, a small, 3500-ft tributary of the Clackamas River in Clackamas County, OR. The combined creek and constructed wetland drain an industrialized, 438-acre, impervious catchment. The wetland consists of a linear series of a detention pond and three bioretention treatment cells, contributing a combined 1.8 acres of treatment area (a 1:243 ratio with the catchment) and 3.3 acre-feet of total runoff storage. In this study, raw pollutant concentrations in runoff were evaluated against International Stormwater BMP database benchmarks and Oregon Water Quality Criteria. Concentration and mass-based reductions were calculated for 10 specific pollutants and compared to daily precipitation totals from a nearby precipitation station. Mass-based reductions were generally higher for all pollutants, largely due to runoff volume reduction on the treatment terrace. Concentration-based reductions were highly variable, and suggested export of certain pollutants (e.g., ammonia), even when reporting on a mass-basis. Mass load reductions on the terrace for total dissolved solids, nitrate+nitrite, dissolved lead, and dissolved copper were 43.3 ± 10%, 41.9 ± 10%, 36.6 ± 13%, and 43.2 ± 16%, respectively. E. coli saw log-reductions ranging from -1.3 — 3.0 on the terrace, and -1.0 — 1.8 in the creek. Oregon Water Quality Criteria were consistently met at the two in-stream sites on Carli Creek for E. coli with one exception, and for dissolved cadmium, lead, zinc, and copper (with one exception for copper). However, dissolved total solids at the downstream Carli Creek site was above the Willamette River guidance value 100 mg/L roughly 71% of the time. The precipitation record during the study was useful for explaining certain pollutant reductions, as several mechanisms are driven by physical processes, however it was not definitive. The historic rain/snow/ice event in mid-February 2021 appeared to impact mass-based reductions for all metals. Qualitatively, precipitation seemed to have the largest effect on nutrient dynamics, specifically ammonia-nitrogen. Determining exact mechanisms of pollutant removals was outside the scope of this study. An improved flow record, more targeted storm sampling, or more comprehensive nutrient profiles could aid in answering important questions on dominant mechanisms of this new constructed wetland. This study is useful in establishing a framework and baseline for understanding this one-of-a-kind regional stormwater treatment project and pursuing further questions in the future.

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Just, Richard E., Eithan Hochman e Sinaia Netanyahu. Problems and Prospects in the Political Economy of Trans-Boundary Water Issues. United States Department of Agriculture, febbraio 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573997.bard.

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The objective of this research was to develop and apply a conceptual framework for evaluating the potential of trans-boundary bargaining with respect to water resource sharing. The research accomplished this objective by developing a framework for trans-boundary bargaining, identifying opportunities for application, and illustrating the potential benefits that can be gained thereby. Specifically, we have accomplished the following: - Developed a framework to measure the potential for improving economic efficiency considering issues of political feasibility and sustainability that are crucial in trans-boundary cooperation. - Used both cooperative and non-cooperative game theory to assess feasible coalitions among the parties involved and to model potential bargaining procedures. - Identified empirically alternative schemes of cooperation that both improve upon the economic efficiency of present water usage and appease all of the cooperating parties. - Estimated the potential short-run and long-run affects of water reallocation on the agricultural sector and used this information to understand potential strategies taken by the countries in bargaining processes. - Performed case studies in Israeli-Jordanian relations, the relationship of Israel to the Palestinian Authority, and cooperation on the Chesapeake Bay. - Published or have in process publication of a series of refereed journal articles. - Published a book which first develops the theoretical framework, then presents research results relating to the case studies, and finally draws implications for water cooperation issues generally. Background to the Topic The increase in water scarcity and decline in water quality that has resulted from increased agricultural, industrial, and urban demands raises questions regarding profitability of the agricultural sector under its present structure. The lack of efficient management has been underscored recently by consecutive years of drought in Israel and increased needs to clean up the Chesapeake Bay. Since agriculture in the Middle East (Chesapeake Bay) is both the main water user (polluter) and the low-value user (polluter), a reallocation of water use (pollution rights) away from agriculture is likely with further industrial and urban growth. Furthermore, the trans-boundary nature of water resources in the case of the Middle East and the Chesapeake Bay contributes to increased conflicts over the use of the resources and therefore requires a political economic approach. Major Conclusions, Solutions, Achievements and Implications Using game theory tools, we critically identify obstacles to cooperation. We identify potential gains from coordination on trans-boundary water policies and projects. We identify the conditions under which partial (versus grand) coalitions dominate in solving water quality disputes among riparian countries. We identify conditions under which linking water issues to unrelated disputes achieves gains in trans-boundary negotiations. We show that gains are likely only when unrelated issues satisfy certain characteristics. We find conditions for efficient water markets under price-determined and quantity-determined markets. We find water recycling and adoption of new technologies such as desalination can be part of the solution for alleviating water shortages locally and regionally but that timing is likely to be different than anticipated. These results have been disseminated through a wide variety of publications and oral presentations as well as through interaction with policymakers in both countries.

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Shani, Uri, Lynn Dudley, Alon Ben-Gal, Menachem Moshelion e Yajun Wu. Root Conductance, Root-soil Interface Water Potential, Water and Ion Channel Function, and Tissue Expression Profile as Affected by Environmental Conditions. United States Department of Agriculture, ottobre 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7592119.bard.

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Constraints on water resources and the environment necessitate more efficient use of water. The key to efficient management is an understanding of the physical and physiological processes occurring in the soil-root hydraulic continuum.While both soil and plant leaf water potentials are well understood, modeled and measured, the root-soil interface where actual uptake processes occur has not been sufficiently studied. The water potential at the root-soil interface (yᵣₒₒₜ), determined by environmental conditions and by soil and plant hydraulic properties, serves as a boundary value in soil and plant uptake equations. In this work, we propose to 1) refine and implement a method for measuring yᵣₒₒₜ; 2) measure yᵣₒₒₜ, water uptake and root hydraulic conductivity for wild type tomato and Arabidopsis under varied q, K⁺, Na⁺ and Cl⁻ levels in the root zone; 3) verify the role of MIPs and ion channels response to q, K⁺ and Na⁺ levels in Arabidopsis and tomato; 4) study the relationships between yᵣₒₒₜ and root hydraulic conductivity for various crops representing important botanical and agricultural species, under conditions of varying soil types, water contents and salinity; and 5) integrate the above to water uptake term(s) to be implemented in models. We have made significant progress toward establishing the efficacy of the emittensiometer and on the molecular biology studies. We have added an additional method for measuring ψᵣₒₒₜ. High-frequency water application through the water source while the plant emerges and becomes established encourages roots to develop towards and into the water source itself. The yᵣₒₒₜ and yₛₒᵢₗ values reflected wetting and drying processes in the rhizosphere and in the bulk soil. Thus, yᵣₒₒₜ can be manipulated by changing irrigation level and frequency. An important and surprising finding resulting from the current research is the obtained yᵣₒₒₜ value. The yᵣₒₒₜ measured using the three different methods: emittensiometer, micro-tensiometer and MRI imaging in both sunflower, tomato and corn plants fell in the same range and were higher by one to three orders of magnitude from the values of -600 to -15,000 cm suggested in the literature. We have added additional information on the regulation of aquaporins and transporters at the transcript and protein levels, particularly under stress. Our preliminary results show that overexpression of one aquaporin gene in tomato dramatically increases its transpiration level (unpublished results). Based on this information, we started screening mutants for other aquaporin genes. During the feasibility testing year, we identified homozygous mutants for eight aquaporin genes, including six mutants for five of the PIP2 genes. Including the homozygous mutants directly available at the ABRC seed stock center, we now have mutants for 11 of the 19 aquaporin genes of interest. Currently, we are screening mutants for other aquaporin genes and ion transporter genes. Understanding plant water uptake under stress is essential for the further advancement of molecular plant stress tolerance work as well as for efficient use of water in agriculture. Virtually all of Israel’s agriculture and about 40% of US agriculture is made possible by irrigation. Both countries face increasing risk of water shortages as urban requirements grow. Both countries will have to find methods of protecting the soil resource while conserving water resources—goals that appear to be in direct conflict. The climate-plant-soil-water system is nonlinear with many feedback mechanisms. Conceptual plant uptake and growth models and mechanism-based computer-simulation models will be valuable tools in developing irrigation regimes and methods that maximize the efficiency of agricultural water. This proposal will contribute to the development of these models by providing critical information on water extraction by the plant that will result in improved predictions of both water requirements and crop yields. Plant water use and plant response to environmental conditions cannot possibly be understood by using the tools and language of a single scientific discipline. This proposal links the disciplines of soil physics and soil physical chemistry with plant physiology and molecular biology in order to correctly treat and understand the soil-plant interface in terms of integrated comprehension. Results from the project will contribute to a mechanistic understanding of the SPAC and will inspire continued multidisciplinary research.

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Yao, Yixin, Mingyuan Fan, Arnaud Heckmann e Corazon Posadas. Transformative Solutions and Green Finance in the People’s Republic of China and Mongolia. Asian Development Bank Institute, novembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56506/xfvh2542.

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Asia has experienced widespread transformation and growth, accompanied by increased demographic pressure, greater intensification of agricultural production, industrialization, and urbanization. This economic growth has been very resource- and carbon-intensive, while climate change has triggered or exacerbated behaviors and defense mechanisms that have come at the expense of the natural environment. Therefore, we examine and compare three Asian Development Bank (ADB) projects in two member countries of the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation: one in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and two in Mongolia that relate to sustainable green development and use innovative financial mechanisms, and behavior-changing nudges. We provide comparative analyses and aim to demonstrate effective, innovative, and sustainable green finance and green transformation approaches in these two countries to address these pressures. The ADB–PRC loan for the Anhui Huangshan Xin’an River Ecological Protection and Green Development project aims to help Huangshan municipality reduce water pollution in the Xin’an River Basin, which is part of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The project is piloting innovative green financing mechanisms to reduce rural pollution and complement the ongoing interprovincial eco-compensation scheme while supporting green agroecological businesses through two interventions: the Green Investment Fund and the Green Incentive Mechanism. In Mongolia, ADB and the Government of Mongolia have developed two large-scale transformative projects using integrated design and innovative green financing mechanisms to leverage private sector investment: (i) Aimags and Soums Green Regional Development Investment Program, which aims to promote green urban–rural linkages, green agribusiness development, natural capital, rangeland regeneration, and soil carbon sequestration through the (ii) Ulaanbaatar Green Affordable Housing and Resilient Urban Renewal Project, which aims to transform Ulaanbaatar’s vulnerable and substandard peri-urban areas into low-carbon, resilient eco-districts that provide access to green affordable housing.

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Minz, Dror, Stefan J. Green, Noa Sela, Yitzhak Hadar, Janet Jansson e Steven Lindow. Soil and rhizosphere microbiome response to treated waste water irrigation. United States Department of Agriculture, gennaio 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598153.bard.

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Research objectives : Identify genetic potential and community structure of soil and rhizosphere microbial community structure as affected by treated wastewater (TWW) irrigation. This objective was achieved through the examination soil and rhizosphere microbial communities of plants irrigated with fresh water (FW) and TWW. Genomic DNA extracted from soil and rhizosphere samples (Minz laboratory) was processed for DNA-based shotgun metagenome sequencing (Green laboratory). High-throughput bioinformatics was performed to compare both taxonomic and functional gene (and pathway) differences between sample types (treatment and location). Identify metabolic pathways induced or repressed by TWW irrigation. To accomplish this objective, shotgun metatranscriptome (RNA-based) sequencing was performed. Expressed genes and pathways were compared to identify significantly differentially expressed features between rhizosphere communities of plants irrigated with FW and TWW. Identify microbial gene functions and pathways affected by TWW irrigation*. To accomplish this objective, we will perform a metaproteome comparison between rhizosphere communities of plants irrigated with FW and TWW and selected soil microbial activities. Integration and evaluation of microbial community function in relation to its structure and genetic potential, and to infer the in situ physiology and function of microbial communities in soil and rhizospere under FW and TWW irrigation regimes. This objective is ongoing due to the need for extensive bioinformatics analysis. As a result of the capabilities of the new PI, we have also been characterizing the transcriptome of the plant roots as affected by the TWW irrigation and comparing the function of the plants to that of the microbiome. *This original objective was not achieved in the course of this study due to technical issues, especially the need to replace the American PIs during the project. However, the fact we were able to analyze more than one plant system as a result of the abilities of the new American PI strengthened the power of the conclusions derived from studies for the 1ˢᵗ and 2ⁿᵈ objectives. Background: As the world population grows, more urban waste is discharged to the environment, and fresh water sources are being polluted. Developing and industrial countries are increasing the use of wastewater and treated wastewater (TWW) for agriculture practice, thus turning the waste product into a valuable resource. Wastewater supplies a year- round reliable source of nutrient-rich water. Despite continuing enhancements in TWW quality, TWW irrigation can still result in unexplained and undesirable effects on crops. In part, these undesirable effects may be attributed to, among other factors, to the effects of TWW on the plant microbiome. Previous studies, including our own, have presented the TWW effect on soil microbial activity and community composition. To the best of our knowledge, however, no comprehensive study yet has been conducted on the microbial population associated BARD Report - Project 4662 Page 2 of 16 BARD Report - Project 4662 Page 3 of 16 with plant roots irrigated with TWW – a critical information gap. In this work, we characterize the effect of TWW irrigation on root-associated microbial community structure and function by using the most innovative tools available in analyzing bacterial community- a combination of microbial marker gene amplicon sequencing, microbial shotunmetagenomics (DNA-based total community and gene content characterization), microbial metatranscriptomics (RNA-based total community and gene content characterization), and plant host transcriptome response. At the core of this research, a mesocosm experiment was conducted to study and characterize the effect of TWW irrigation on tomato and lettuce plants. A focus of this study was on the plant roots, their associated microbial communities, and on the functional activities of plant root-associated microbial communities. We have found that TWW irrigation changes both the soil and root microbial community composition, and that the shift in the plant root microbiome associated with different irrigation was as significant as the changes caused by the plant host or soil type. The change in microbial community structure was accompanied by changes in the microbial community-wide functional potential (i.e., gene content of the entire microbial community, as determined through shotgun metagenome sequencing). The relative abundance of many genes was significantly different in TWW irrigated root microbiome relative to FW-irrigated root microbial communities. For example, the relative abundance of genes encoding for transporters increased in TWW-irrigated roots increased relative to FW-irrigated roots. Similarly, the relative abundance of genes linked to potassium efflux, respiratory systems and nitrogen metabolism were elevated in TWW irrigated roots when compared to FW-irrigated roots. The increased relative abundance of denitrifying genes in TWW systems relative FW systems, suggests that TWW-irrigated roots are more anaerobic compare to FW irrigated root. These gene functional data are consistent with geochemical measurements made from these systems. Specifically, the TWW irrigated soils had higher pH, total organic compound (TOC), sodium, potassium and electric conductivity values in comparison to FW soils. Thus, the root microbiome genetic functional potential can be correlated with pH, TOC and EC values and these factors must take part in the shaping the root microbiome. The expressed functions, as found by the metatranscriptome analysis, revealed many genes that increase in TWW-irrigated plant root microbial population relative to those in the FW-irrigated plants. The most substantial (and significant) were sodium-proton antiporters and Na(+)-translocatingNADH-quinoneoxidoreductase (NQR). The latter protein uses the cell respiratory machinery to harness redox force and convert the energy for efflux of sodium. As the roots and their microbiomes are exposed to the same environmental conditions, it was previously hypothesized that understanding the soil and rhizospheremicrobiome response will shed light on natural processes in these niches. This study demonstrate how newly available tools can better define complex processes and their downstream consequences, such as irrigation with water from different qualities, and to identify primary cues sensed by the plant host irrigated with TWW. From an agricultural perspective, many common practices are complicated processes with many ‘moving parts’, and are hard to characterize and predict. Multiple edaphic and microbial factors are involved, and these can react to many environmental cues. These complex systems are in turn affected by plant growth and exudation, and associated features such as irrigation, fertilization and use of pesticides. However, the combination of shotgun metagenomics, microbial shotgun metatranscriptomics, plant transcriptomics, and physical measurement of soil characteristics provides a mechanism for integrating data from highly complex agricultural systems to eventually provide for plant physiological response prediction and monitoring. BARD Report

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Socioeconomic Surveys for Urban Development and Water Projects: A Guidebook. Asian Development Bank, novembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/tim220433-2.

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This guidebook provides practical tips and resources for conducting quality socioeconomic surveys to enhance the effectiveness of urban development and water projects. It explains the importance of high-quality socioeconomic surveys to strengthen project design, ensure robust due diligence, and inform evidence-based policies. Focusing on urban development and water projects, the guidebook discusses common mistakes made with socioeconomic surveys and provides good practices for implementing high quality face-to-face and digital surveys. It includes a standardized set of annotated questionnaires that consist of basic questions as well as expanded questions that enable a more robust understanding of project impacts.

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Hydrogeology and simulated effects of urban development on water resources of Spanish Springs Valley, Washoe County, west-central Nevada. US Geological Survey, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri964297.

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Infiltration and evapotranspiration within the Albuquerque, New Mexico, area with a section on historical water-resource trends during the 1954-80's period of urban growth. US Geological Survey, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri904055.

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