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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Wages"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 25 luglio 2025

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1

ÓCIO, DOMINGO ZURRON. "Salários e política salarial." Brazilian Journal of Political Economy 6, no. 2 (1986): 171–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0101-31571986-2005.

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RESUMO A partir de dados alternativos, construímos um Índice Geral de Salários para a indústria de transformação, entre 1961 e 1984. Sua desagregação permitiu analisar a evolução dos salários reais e das remunerações reais das oito categorias profissionais. Verificamos que os rendimentos dependem, em primeiro lugar, da condução do ciclo econômico e, secundariamente, de fatores relacionados à estrutura organizacional empresarial, movimento sindical e política salarial do governo. O salário-mínimo oficial não parece determinar a taxa salarial; seu maior impacto diz respeito ao setor informal.

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Knell, Markus. "Efficiency wages, staggered wages, and union wage-setting." Oxford Economic Papers 66, no. 3 (2014): 848–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oep/gpu016.

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3

Ioan, Gina, Sirbu Gabriela Carmen, Emanuel Stefan Marinescu, and Ionel Sergiu Pirju. "The Effects of Foreign Direct Investments on Wage Trends in the Dutch Labor Market." Economies 13, no. 3 (2025): 58. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies13030058.

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In this study, we analyze the relationship between economic variables influencing wages in the Dutch economy during the period 1995–2023 using the ARIMAX method. The analysis reveals that lagged wages and salaries for male workers have a strong and significant effect on current wages, while lagged wages and salaries for female workers exhibit a strong negative influence, indicating a potential gender wage gap. The current level of foreign direct investment (FDI) has a negative impact on wages, suggesting that foreign capital may not contribute to wage growth, and we noted that lagged FDI does

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Putera, Zulfikar. "IMPLEMENTASI UPAH MINIMUM KOTA DALAM MENINGKATKAN KESEJAHTERAAN PEKERJA DI KOTA KENDARI (Studi di Kota Kendari)." Jurnal Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan 9, no. 2 (2019): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/kewarganegaraan.v9i2.7555.

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The implementation of Kendari City Minimum Wage has not gone well, there is no regulation that can accommodate the interests of workers and companies, the interpretation that minimum wages are basic wages and other benefits wages need to be continued that the minimum wage is the basic wage other than the wages of other benefitsKeyword : Minimum Wage, Welfare

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Tyler, Denise, Olga Khavjou, Melissa Hunter, Marie Squillace, Judith Dey, and Iara Oliveira. "EFFECT OF STATE WAGE POLICIES ON DIRECT CARE WORKER WAGES." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (2022): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.987.

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Abstract Direct care workers (DCWs) have low wages and some states have tried to improve their wages through policies such as Medicaid wage pass-throughs and wage floors specific to DCWs. The purpose of this study was to examine the wages of DCWs in comparison to those of other entry level workers and assess the effect of state wage policies on changes in DCW wages. We analyzed state-level hourly wages using Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) data for two categories of DCWs separately—(1) home health and personal care aides and (2) nursing assistants and compared these to wages for other entry-l

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Hirasawa, Katsuhiko, and Wenjing Shi. "The Structure of Wage and Salary Administration in Japan." NCC Journal 8, no. 1 (2023): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nccj.v8i1.63740.

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The purpose of this paper is to reveal the basic structure of wage administration in Japan. Total wages are the subject of labor-management negotiations in Japan. The base wage (average rate) serves as a basis for negotiations. This means that wage negotiations in Japan are conducted between labor and management within the framework of administration. Negotiations over average wages were proposed by the government immediately after the defeat in the war to stabilize prices. Originally, labor unions demanded minimum wages by age group. However, the method of negotiation over average wages has b

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Aldan, Altan, and Hatice Burcu Gürcihan Yüncüler. "Real wages and the business cycle in Turkey." Acta Oeconomica 72, no. 1 (2022): 105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/032.2022.00006.

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Abstract The article analyzes the direction and scope of the responsiveness of real wages to the business cycle in Turkey using longitudinal data from 2005 to 2015. We found that wages in Turkey are procyclical; one percentage point increase in the unemployment rate induces a 0.6% decline in real wages. There is a variation in the patterns along the lines of wage distribution among the subgroups with relations to skills. Less-educated workers have acyclical wages. Compatible with this evidence, we found that the workers who earn around the minimum wage also have acyclical wages. High share of

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Chapman, Leah Elizabeth, Seth A. Berkowitz, Alice Ammerman, et al. "Association between hourly wages and dietary intake after the first phase of implementation of the Minneapolis minimum wage ordinance." Public Health Nutrition 24, no. 11 (2021): 3552–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980021000707.

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AbstractObjective:In 2018, Minneapolis began phased implementation of an ordinance to increase the local minimum wage to $15/h. We sought to determine whether the first phase of implementation was associated with changes in frequency of consumption of fruits and vegetables (F&V), whole-grain-rich foods, and foods high in added sugars among low-wage workers.Design:Natural experiment.Setting:The Wages Study is a prospective cohort study of 974 low-wage workers followed throughout the phased implementation of the ordinance (2018–2022). We used difference-in-difference analysis to compare outc

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Meriküll, Jaanika, and Pille Mõtsmees. "Do you get what you ask? The gender gap in desired and realised wages." International Journal of Manpower 38, no. 6 (2017): 893–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-11-2015-0197.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study gender differences in wage bargaining by comparing the unexplained wage gap in desired, realised and reservation wages. Design/methodology/approach The notion of desired wages is applied, which shows workers’ first bet to potential employers during the job-search process. A large job-search data set is drawn from the main Estonian electronic job-search site CV Keskus. Findings It is found that the unexplained gender wage gap is around 20 per cent in desired wages and in realised wages, which supports the view that the gender income gap in expectati

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Elma Suci Oktaviyani and Ratna Yunita. "Sistem Pemberian Upah Untuk Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Anak Buah Kapal Perspektif Ekonomi Syariah." Niqosiya: Journal of Economics and Business Research 4, no. 01 (2024): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21154/niqosiya.v4i01.3198.

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Wages or ijarah are an important component in the world of work because wages are directly related to workers' welfare. According to Islamic economic theory, wages must contain the principle of justice in them. This research aims to determine and analyze the wage system to improve the welfare of Putra Samudra's crew members and to determine and analyze the implementation of the ship crew's wage system from a Sharia economic perspective. This research is field research using qualitative methods. The research results show that 1) The wage system implemented on the Putra Samudra Ship uses a time-

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Acharya, Sarthi. "Wages and wage determination." Indian Journal of Labour Economics 60, no. 3 (2017): 303–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41027-018-0108-5.

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Draca, Mirko, Stephen Machin, and John Van Reenen. "Minimum Wages and Firm Profitability." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 3, no. 1 (2011): 129–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.3.1.129.

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We study the impact of minimum wages on firm profitability, exploiting the changes induced by the introduction of a UK national minimum wage in 1999. We use pre-policy information on the distribution of wages to implement a difference-in-differences approach. Minimum wages raise wages, but also significantly reduce profitability (especially in industries with relatively high market power). This is consistent with a simple model where wage gains from minimum wages map directly into profit reductions. There is some suggestive evidence of longer run adjustment to the minimum wage through falls in

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Prasetiyo, Arif, and Siti Hajati Hoesin. "Implementation of The Provision of Wages Below the Minimum Wage Provisions in Micro Enterprises and Small Businesses." Khazanah Hukum 4, no. 2 (2022): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/kh.v4i2.19242.

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This research is based on the application of wages below the minimum wage for businesses that meet the criteria for micro and small businesses. As it is known that the provisions of the district and city minimum wages are a form of safety net for the economic life of Indonesian workers. However, often a common problem for micro and small businesses is that they cannot meet the minimum wage requirements because the economic capacity of their own businesses is different from that of large businesses. Through the Employment Creation Act, the government finally made changes to the labor cluster by

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Effendy, D. Andry, and Faisal Santiago. "Law Enforcement Through Criminal Sanctions for Employers' Violations of Workers' Wages in Indonesia." Journal of Social Research 2, no. 7 (2023): 2456–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.55324/josr.v2i7.1210.

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Wages are a form of appreciation given by employers for the services that have been done by workers. Wages are able to ensure the welfare of workers. However, in reality there are still wage violations in Indonesia, such as in terms of nominal wages. Nominal wages that are not in accordance with the provisions will interfere with worker welfare and reduce worker productivity. Wages must be guaranteed by law so that the essence of the function of wages can be realized. Therefore, research is needed on criminal sanctions as law enforcement of employers' violations of workers' wages in Indonesia.

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Schmieder, Johannes F., Till von Wachter, and Stefan Bender. "The Effect of Unemployment Benefits and Nonemployment Durations on Wages." American Economic Review 106, no. 3 (2016): 739–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20141566.

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We estimate that unemployment insurance (UI) extensions reduce reemployment wages using sharp age discontinuities in UI eligibility in Germany. We show this effect combines two key policy parameters: the effect of UI on reservation wages and the effect of nonemployment durations on wage offers. Our framework implies if UI extensions do not affect wages conditional on duration, then reservation wages do not bind. We derive resulting instrumental variable estimates for the effect of nonemployment durations on wage offers and bounds for reservation wage effects. The effect of UI on wages we find

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Maycock, Matthew, and Daniel McGregor. "‘I do enjoy the work, but I think the wages in the jails are shocking’: Analysing prisoner wages as a pain of imprisonment using Foucault's artifice." Incarceration 4 (January 2023): 263266632311707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/26326663231170767.

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Until now, wages in prison and the meanings associated with them have been relatively overlooked within penology. This study analyses findings from a research project conducted between 2019 and 2021 that explores multiple meanings attached to prisoner wages. Through the analysis of 29 semi-structured interviews were conducted with a cohort of purposely selected people in custody across three prisons in Scotland, this study provides unique and rich insights into prison wages. Themes analysed include comments relating to wage rates and what emerges as a particularly tenuous link between wages wi

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Perry, Bryan, Kerk Phillips, and David E. Spencer. "Real wages and monetary policy: a DSGE approach." Journal of Economic Studies 42, no. 5 (2015): 734–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-01-2014-0008.

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Purpose – Studies of the cyclical behavior of real wages have identified monetary shocks and examined the response of real wages and output or employment. A finding that real wages are procyclical in response to a positive monetary policy shock is taken as evidence that prices are stickier than wages. The purpose of this paper is to show that factors other than wage and price stickiness affect the response of real wages to a monetary policy shock. Design/methodology/approach – The authors simulate two prominent dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models under a variety of parameter values a

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Mira, Humairah. "Relevansi Konsep Upah Pengemudi Ojek Online Perspektif Yusuf Qardhawi." Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam 10, no. 1 (2024): 735. http://dx.doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v10i1.12186.

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According to Yusuf Qardhawi, the concept of wages is that wages are determined based on an agreement between both parties. The wages given must be commensurate with the work and the workers' needs so that they can live a decent life in society. The aim of this research is to identify the relevance of the wage concept offered by Yusuf Qardhawi to the implementation of wages for Jasku Pamekasan online motorcycle taxi drivers. This research uses qualitative research, where the data is obtained from observations, interviews and documentation. The data obtained is used as material that is relevant

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Pirdayanti, Yupi, Chaerul Shaleh, and Elvi Nilda. "Politik Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Dalam Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja." Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi Syariah : AICONOMIA 1, no. 1 (2023): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32939/acm.v1i1.1907.

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Wage policy has an urgency that affects the operational aspects of the company's business. In addition, the issue of wages has become a sensitife matter among workers. This is because the wages earned by a worker represent the value of the worker. Islam as a religion of mercy for all nature, the principles of wages in the Islamic Economy include fair and worthy. This research will discuss the comparison between wages in the Job Creation Law and the politics of sharia economic law. This comparison will explain how the wage process is regulated in the Job Creation Law and wages based on sharia e

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Hipkin, I. B. "A comparison of actual and minimum wages in the iron and steel industry (1978-1983)." South African Journal of Business Management 21, no. 1/2 (1990): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v21i1.915.

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In 1983 two million employees in South Africa were subject to minimum wages in terms of industrial council or wage board legislation. Studies of wage determination have been hampered by the lack of knowledge of actual wage rates. This paper compares the wage rates as laid down by the Industrial Council for the Iron. Steel, Engineering and Metallurgical Industry with the wages contained in a national salary survey, the latter representing 'actual' market wages. A job evaluation system has been used as the basis of comparison between the minimum and market rates. Both minimum and actual wages di

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Hipkin, I. B. "A comparison of actual and minimum wages in the iron and steel industry (1978-1983)." South African Journal of Business Management 21, no. 1/2 (1990): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v21i1/2.915.

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In 1983 two million employees in South Africa were subject to minimum wages in terms of industrial council or wage board legislation. Studies of wage determination have been hampered by the lack of knowledge of actual wage rates. This paper compares the wage rates as laid down by the Industrial Council for the Iron. Steel, Engineering and Metallurgical Industry with the wages contained in a national salary survey, the latter representing 'actual' market wages. A job evaluation system has been used as the basis of comparison between the minimum and market rates. Both minimum and actual wages di

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Kolar, Gašper, and Nejc Fir. "Wage Function Estimation of Estonia and Latvia." Naše gospodarstvo/Our economy 70, no. 1 (2024): 34–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ngoe-2024-0004.

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Abstract The study of wage determinants goes back to the beginning of economic science, with theoretical and empirical foundations providing the basis for the specification of a model of the wage function. Using the OLS method, we study the determinants of real wages for Estonia between 2006Q3 and 2022Q3 and Latvia between 2004Q1 and 2022Q3. The lagged dependent variable exerts the most considerable impact on real wages, i.e., real wages in the preceding quarter. We find that unemployment has a relatively larger impact on real wage dynamics than real productivity in the Latvian than in Estonia

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Nurhayati, Siti, Emi Wakhyuni, and Syaiful Asmi Hasibuan. "Enforcement of Labor Wages Below the Minimum Standard Reviewed from Government Regulation (PP) Number 36 of 2021 concerning Wages and Islamic Law." International Journal of Research and Review 10, no. 4 (2023): 340–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20230442.

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The implementation of labor wages should be adjusted to the minimum wage set by the government, but the implementation of labor wages below the minimum standard carried out by several companies is interesting to study the implementation of labor wages below the minimum standard that is justified, considering that wages are an important aspect for workers to be able to live a decent life. The suspension of the minimum wage is a way out for companies that have not been able to meet the minimum wage payments. This applies before the passing of the Job Creation Law, where companies can apply for s

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Lyons, Michael, and Meg Smith. "Children's Services, Wages and Workchoices." Australasian Journal of Early Childhood 32, no. 3 (2007): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/183693910703200305.

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IN MARCH 2006 the Industrial Relations Commissions of New South Wales and Queensland utilised their equal-remuneration wage-fixing principles to address the gender undervaluation of childcare work. In doing so the tribunals explicitly rejected employer arguments used in the past to limit increases in award rates of pay for childcare workers. While these decisions were thought to have a wide ranging impact on a significant area of feminised work, their influence is likely to be short-lived. The introduction of the Howard Government's new federal workplace relations system under the WorkChoices

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Dubnovitskaya, Anastasia, and Kirill Furmanov. "Relative wage as a determinant of pay satisfaction in Russia." Applied Econometrics 66, no. 2 (2022): 99–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1993-7601-2022-66-99-117.

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We use the RLMS‐HSE data of Russian workers to investigate the relationship between pay satisfaction and both absolute and relative wages (relative wage is a ratio of the actual wage to the expected wage of an individual with a given vector of attribute). We found that the contribution of relative wages to pay satisfaction differs greatly for the relatively poor and rich workers (whose wages are lower and higher than the expected level respectively) with a greater effect of relative wages on pay satisfaction for relatively rich people rather than relatively poor ones.

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Žiogelytė, Laura. "WAGE CHANGE IN THE LITHUANIAN LABOUR MARKET." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 2, no. 2 (2010): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2010.044.

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In a market, the labour force of the population can be sold and bought. The wage is the price or the monetary value of the labour force. The wage rate depends on the key internal and external factors. In a market economy, remuneration for work becomes the object of negotiation between the employer and the employee. In order to legally implement this negotiation, we need to describe the term of the wage, wage systems, wage structure, functions and other issues. The article deals with the theoretical issues relating to wages: the concept of the wage, the main function of wages, the factors influ

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Radović-Stojanović, Jelena, Jovana Đerić, and Ratko Ljubojević. "Nominal and real wages in the Republic of Serbia 2001-2020." Ekonomika 68, no. 3 (2022): 71–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ekonomika2203071r.

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The aim of this paper is to present, decompose and analyze time series of average gross and net nominal and real wages in the Republic of Serbia. The paper presents monthly time series of wages for the period from January 2001 to December 2020. Time time series of wages are seasonally adjusted using the software JDemetra +, ver. 2.1.0 and the X13-ARIMA program. Real gross and net wages were obtained by dividing the series of nominal average gross and net wages by the retail price index (until January 2009) and then by the consumer price index (since January 2009). It has been noticed that ther

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Dube, Arindrajit, Laura Giuliano, and Jonathan Leonard. "Fairness and Frictions: The Impact of Unequal Raises on Quit Behavior." American Economic Review 109, no. 2 (2019): 620–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20160232.

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We analyze how separations responded to arbitrary differences in own and peer wages at a large US retailer. Regression-discontinuity estimates imply large causal effects of own-wages on separations, and on quits in particular. However, this own-wage response could reflect comparisons either to market wages or to peer wages. Estimates using peer-wage discontinuities show large peer-wage effects and imply the own-wage separation response mostly reflects peer comparisons. The peer effect is driven by comparisons with higher-paid peers—suggesting concerns about fairness. Separations appear fairly

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Bils, Mark, Yongsung Chang, and Sun-Bin Kim. "How Sticky Wages in Existing Jobs Can Affect Hiring." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 14, no. 1 (2022): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.20190338.

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We consider a matching model of employment with flexible wages for new hires but sticky wages within matches. Unlike most models of sticky wages, we allow effort to respond if wages are too high or too low. In the Mortensen-Pissarides model, employment is not affected by wage stickiness in existing matches. But it is in our model. If wages of matched workers are stuck too high, firms require more effort, lowering the value of additional labor and reducing hiring. We find that effort’s response can greatly increase wage inertia. (JEL E24, J23, J31, J41, M51)

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Destiana, Suhendri Zikri, Endeh Suhartini, and Sudiman Sihotang. "Legal Consequences For Companies That Enforce Wages Below Government Policy." Riwayat: Educational Journal of History and Humanities 7, no. 4 (2024): 2712–21. https://doi.org/10.24815/jr.v7i4.41780.

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Wages are a fundamental right of workers regulated by laws, including policies issued by the government regarding minimum wage. Non-compliance by companies with these policies can lead to various legal consequences, including administrative, civil, and criminal sanctions. This research discusses the legal consequences faced by companies that pay workers' wages, not by government policies, and the legal remedies available to workers when they receive wages that do not align with these policies. The research employs a normative juridical method to deeply analyse the legal consequences for compan

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Kwiatkowska, Walentyna. "Macroeconomic Conditions Determining the Level and the Rate of Changes of Wages and Salaries in Poland in 2007-2012." Olsztyn Economic Journal 8, no. 4 (2013): 297–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/oej.3239.

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This study characterized and evaluated the level and rate of change in wages and salaries in Poland in 2007-2012 and analysed the main macroeconomic determinants of their development. The analysis present changes to average wage, minimal wage and fair wage. Their level and rate of change are determined by macroeconomic factors, particularly economic growth processes, changes in productivity of labour, inflation rate and the situation on the labour market. A quite strong correlation can be observed between the rate of changes of the real GDP and the development of average nominal wages. Inflati

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Soleha, Soleha, and Saiin Saiin. "Sistem Pengupahan Kebun Sawit dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Islam." AL-Muqayyad 3, no. 2 (2020): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.46963/jam.v3i2.281.

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The purpose of this research was to determine the wages for oil palm plantations within the Islamic economic system. Descriptive qualitative with data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions drawing was applied in this study. The results showed that the oil palm plantation wage system in determining the sharing was in accordance with the Islamic Economics principles because plantation owners discussed the number of wages to be given in advance. Regarding the time of payment procedure, the owner of the oil palm plantation did not delay the payment, the wages are given directly to workers

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Bukit, Andi Nova, Boy Laksamana, and Leony Ginting. "Pengupahan: Kajian Hukum dan Ekonomi (Studi Kasus Kabupaten Pakpak Bharat)." JOURNAL ECONOMICS AND STRATEGY 5, no. 2 (2025): 96–102. https://doi.org/10.36490/jes.v5i2.1552.

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Because wages are something that has an economic and psychological nature, wages must be determined in such a way and involve studies that are explored legally and economically. Wages involve the rights of workers and the obligations of entrepreneurs. Both have their own interests and assessments regarding wages. The presence of the government is to determine standards that do not harm both of them or that are bound by work agreements. Article 1 Paragraph 1 Law no. 36 of 2021 concerning Wages is the basic law used to review how wages will be applied in Pakpak Bharat Regency. The Minimum Wage i

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Fitrah Ilham Ramdhan and Mawaddah Irham. "Tinjauan Ekonomi Islam Terhadap Upah Mandor Pada PT. Kartika Hijau Lestari." Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance 2, no. 2 (2024): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.59841/jureksi.v2i2.1039.

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The aim of the research is to determine the system for determining wages for palm oil plantation foremen and the forms of Islamic economic values at PT Kartika Hijau Lestasi Serafoh plantation, Sangga Lima village, Gebang district. Langkat Regency,. North Sumatra. The method used is descriptive qualitative with a data reduction model, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The research results show that the palm oil plantation wage system in determining wages is in accordance with the principles of Islamic Economics, because the oil palm plantation owner discusses in advance the amount of

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Ilhomovna, Usmanova Dilfuza, and Usmanov Shakhzod Shokhrukhovich. "The Role of Motivation in Developing the Labor Potential of Enterprises and Ways of Improving It." American Journal of Economics and Business Management 7, no. 10 (2024): 836–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31150/ajebm.v7i10.2982.

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This article explores the stimulating role of wages in the construction industry. The research examines the primary forms of remuneration, the concepts of fair and decent wages, and how wages influence worker behavior within construction organizations. Addressing the knowledge gap in wage systems and labor motivation, the study aims to enhance the understanding of wage structures and their impact on labor potential. Using an analytical approach, the findings indicate that improving wage policies can significantly motivate workers, ultimately increasing labor efficiency. The study proposes prac

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Jäger, Simon, Benjamin Schoefer, Samuel Young, and Josef Zweimüller. "Wages and the Value of Nonemployment*." Quarterly Journal of Economics 135, no. 4 (2020): 1905–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjaa016.

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Abstract Nonemployment is often posited as a worker’s outside option in wage-setting models such as bargaining and wage posting. The value of nonemployment is therefore a key determinant of wages. We measure the wage effect of changes in the value of nonemployment among initially employed workers. Our quasi-experimental variation in the value of nonemployment arises from four large reforms of unemployment insurance (UI) benefit levels in Austria. We document that wages are insensitive to UI benefit changes: point estimates imply a wage response of less than $0.01 per $1.00 UI benefit increase,

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37

Romich, Jennifer L., Scott W. Allard, Emmi E. Obara, Anne K. Althauser, and James H. Buszkiewicz. "Employer Responses to a City-Level Minimum Wage Mandate: Early Evidence from Seattle." Urban Affairs Review 56, no. 2 (2018): 451–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078087418787667.

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Abstract (sommario):

A growing number of cities and counties have recently raised their minimum wages. How employers respond to these mandates provides insight into the impact such policies might have on workers and local labor market. Drawing on two survey waves tracking initial responses to Seattle’s $15 Minimum Wage Ordinance by 439 employers with low-wage workers, we show how employers adjusted to higher wages. Most commonly, firms raised prices (56% reported this); smaller percentages reduced employee headcount or hours, limited internal wage progression, or took other measures. Single-site Seattle employers

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38

Li, Hongbin, Lei Li, Binzhen Wu, and Yanyan Xiong. "The End of Cheap Chinese Labor." Journal of Economic Perspectives 26, no. 4 (2012): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.26.4.57.

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In recent decades, cheap labor has played a central role in the Chinese model, which has relied on expanded participation in world trade as a main driver of growth. At the beginning of China's economic reforms in 1978, the annual wage of a Chinese urban worker was only $1,004 in U.S. dollars. The Chinese wage was only 3 percent of the average U.S. wage at that time, and it was also significantly lower than the wages in neighboring Asian countries such as the Philippines and Thailand. The Chinese wage was also low relative to productivity. However, wages are now rising in China. In 2010, the an

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39

Bhattacharjee, Saurabh. "Universalization of Minimum Wages As A Pipe Dream: Many Discontents of the Code on Wages, 2019." Socio-Legal Review 16, no. 2 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.55496/gwpd4458.

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The Code on Wages, 2019 (‘Code’) seeks to universalize the law on minimum wages in India by removing the distinction between scheduled and non-scheduled employment that has been central to the application of the Minimum Wages Act, 1948. The Union Ministry of Labour and Employment claims that the elimination of this dichotomy will extend the protection of minimum wages law to more than an estimated fifty crore workers. This paper posits that the goal of universalization of minimum wages may remain a pipe dream due to several explicit exclusions, definitional limitations, and ambiguities in the

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40

Hutapea, Roma Yuli Felina, Yaser Krisnafi, Rio Ari Simarmata, Djunaidi Djunaidi, Suci Asrina Ikhsan, and Ratu Sari Mardiah. "Identification of wage distribution and wage gaps for purse seine crew members." Depik 13, no. 2 (2024): 212–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.13170/depik.13.2.33258.

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Even though the government has established regulations regarding wages, the reality is that the wages received by crew members of fishing vessels are still not in accordance with regulations. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the distribution of wages on purse seine vessels and to find out the gap between the wages received by crew. To achieve this goal, this study uses catch data for three fishing trips from March to May 2022, as well as crew wages from selling catches on the purse seine vessel PT Hasil Laut Sejati. The secondary data used is the productivity of the annual c

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41

Hyder, Asma, and Jere R. Behrman. "Schooling is Associated not only with Long-run Wages, but also with Wage Risks and Disability Risks: The Pakistani Experience." Pakistan Development Review 50, no. 4II (2011): 555–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v50i4iipp.555-573.

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Abstract (sommario):

Many studies document significantly positive associations between schooling attainment and wages in developing countries. But when individuals enter occupations subsequent to completing their schooling, they not only face an expected work-life path of wages, but a number of other occupational characteristics, including wage risks and disability risks, for which there may be compensating wage differentials. This study examines the relations between schooling on one hand and mean wages and these two types of risks on the other hand, based on 77,685 individuals in the labour force as recorded in

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42

Icardi, Rossella. "Returns to Workplace Training for Male and Female Employees and Implications for the Gender Wage gap: A Quantile Regression Analysis." International Journal for Research in Vocational Education and Training 8, no. 1 (2021): 21–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.13152/ijrvet.8.1.2.

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Abstract (sommario):

Context: Existing studies have explored the association between workplace training and wages suggesting that training participation may have a positive association with wages. However, we still know very little about whether this association varies between men and women. Through its potential positive association with wages, training may balance wage differences between men and women. In addition, the gender wage gap varies across the wage distribution. Differences in the association between training participation and wages for men and women across the earnings spectrum may offer an explanatio

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43

Aarstad, Jarle, and Olav A. Kvitastein. "Do Operating Profits Induce a Wage Premium Equally Shared among Employees Earning High or Low Incomes?" Economies 9, no. 2 (2021): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies9020081.

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Abstract (sommario):

Panel data show that between 2001 and 2014 Norwegian industries’ increasing aggregated operating profits per employee increased average wages and wage inequality. The data imply that increasing profits, perhaps unsurprisingly, induce a wage premium. The data further imply that employees earning high incomes at the outset had the highest wage increase percentage-wise. Decreasing operating profits per employee had opposite but less robust effects on average wages and wage inequality. Panel data Granger causality tests finally showed that average wages, but not wage inequality, reversely and posi

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44

Machin, Stephen, and Alan Manning. "The Effects of Minimum Wages on Wage Dispersion and Employment: Evidence from the U.K. Wages Councils." ILR Review 47, no. 2 (1994): 319–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399404700210.

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Abstract (sommario):

Using data on Wages Council coverage from the United Kingdom New Earnings Survey, the authors examine the impact of mandated minimum wages on wage dispersion and employment in the United Kingdom in the 1980s. They find evidence that a dramatic decline in the toughness of the regulation imposed by the Wages Councils through the 1980s—a decline, that is, in the level of the minimum wage relative to the average wage—significantly contributed to widening wage dispersion over those years. There is, however, no evidence of an increase in employment resulting from the weakening bite of the Wages Coun

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45

Grimes, Donald R., Penelope B. Prime, and Mary Beth Walker. "Geographical Variation in Wages of Workers in Low-Wage Service Occupations: A U.S. Metropolitan Area Analysis." Economic Development Quarterly 33, no. 2 (2019): 121–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891242419836493.

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Abstract (sommario):

Low-wage, service-providing occupations accounted for almost half of all U.S. net job growth between 2006 and 2016. The authors study the variation in wages of low-wage service employees across U.S. metropolitan statistical areas, using cross-sectional estimations for 2016 for the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentile wage rates. New data are used to examine the impact of different cost-of-living adjustments on model results, arguing that the preferred adjustment separates housing costs from other costs. The main results are that strong labor market conditions positively contribute to real wages in

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46

Xurramov, Davlatbek. "BASIC DUTIES AND FORMS OF ACCOUNTING OF LABOR AND WAGE." МЕДИЦИНА, ПЕДАГОГИКА И ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ: ТЕОРИЯ И ПРАКТИКА 2, no. 6 (2024): 251–58. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12304516.

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Abstract (sommario):

In this article, we will consider what are wages, wages and their tasks, wage forms, definition set and definition rate. At the same time, we will study the differences between discharges, basic and additional wages.

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47

Lee, Yuree, and Young-Min Lee. "An Analysis of Factors Influencing the Gap between Expected and Actual Wages among Reemployed Middle-Aged Retirees." Korean Career, Entrepreneurship and Business Association 9, no. 2 (2025): 239–54. https://doi.org/10.48206/kceba.2025.9.2.239.

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Abstract (sommario):

This study analyzes the factors influencing the wage gap that arises when middle-aged individuals reenter the workforce after early retirement, with a particular focus on human capital theory. Specifically, it explores how the gap between expected and actual wages can be explained by various factors. A survey was conducted with 268 reemployed individuals aged between 40 and 59, and multiple regression analysis was performed. The results indicate that gender, educational attainment, and occupational field significantly affect both expected and actual wages. Women reported lower expectations and

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48

Tyler, Denise, Melissa Hunter, Kristie Porter, et al. "CONTINUING CHALLENGES IN STATE EFFORTS TO IMPROVE DIRECT CARE WORKER WAGES." Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (2023): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.0773.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract Direct care workers (DCWs) receive low wages and some states have tried to improve their wages through policy changes. This mixed methods study examined the effect of state wage policies on changes in DCW wages. We also conducted 38 interviews with national experts and stakeholders across six states to determine the results of these policy changes and continued barriers to improving DCW wages. Results show some states that implemented policies to improve the wages of DCWs since 2009 reduced the gap between DCW wages and the wages of other entry-level workers, yet the gap was still sub

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49

Malik, Afia, and Ather Maqsood Ahmed. "The Relationship between Real Wages and Output: Evidence from Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 39, no. 4II (2000): 1111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v39i4iipp.1111-1126.

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Abstract (sommario):

Information on wage levels is essential in evaluating the living standards and conditions of work and life of the workers. Since nominal wage fails to explain the purchasing power of employees, real wage is considered as a major indicator of employees purchasing power and can be used as proxy for their level of income. Any fluctuations in the real wage rate have a significant impact on poverty and the distribution of income. When used in relation with other economic variables, for instance employment or output they are valuable indicators in the analysis of business cycles. There has been a lo

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50

Handriyanto, Timbul, and Mahayoni Mahayoni. "DAMPAK IMPLEMENTASI FORMULA UPAH MINIMUM SESUAI PERATURAN PEMERINTAH NOMOR 78 TAHUN 2015 TENTANG PENGUPAHAN TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN PEKERJA DI KABUPATEN BEKASI." Problematika Hukum 4, no. 2 (2021): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.33021/ph.v4i2.1723.

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Abstract (sommario):

The Constitution states that every citizen has the right to work and a decent living for humanity, reinforced by the Manpower Act that every worker/laborer has the right to earn an income that fulfills a decent living for humanity. In achieving this goal, the state establishes a "Minimum Wage" based on a survey of the basic needs of a single worker for one month called the Decent Living Needs (KHL). The Government issued Government Regulation 78 of 2015 concerning Wages which regulates the formula for setting minimum wages based on inflation and national economic growth, the components of the

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