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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Water column"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 25 luglio 2025

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1

Igra, D., and K. Takayama. "Experimental Investigation of Two Cylindrical Water Columns Subjected to Planar Shock Wave Loading." Journal of Fluids Engineering 125, no. 2 (2003): 325–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1538628.

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Two water columns with identical initial diameters of 4.8 mm were placed 30 mm apart inside a shock tube test section and were loaded by a shock wave of Mach number 1.47 in atmospheric air. The Weber and Reynolds numbers corresponding to these flow conditions are 6900 and 112,000, respectively. Double-exposure holographic interferometry was used to visualize the shock/water columns interaction. The process of the water columns deformation, displacement, and acceleration was well visualized and hence the drag coefficient of shock loaded water columns was evaluated. The front water column behave

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2

LU, Cunjin, Jincheng CHAI, Jinpeng XU, Pu LI, and Kai BIAN. "The Discovery of Water Conduction in Karst Collapsed Column Caused by Fault Cutting: Evidence from Chronology, Exploration Data and Hydrochemical Test." Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition 99, no. 1 (2025): 272–83. https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-6724.15266.

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AbstractThe water conductivity of karst collapsed column is affected by multiple factors such as the characteristics of its own column filling, structure and mining disturbance. As a structural water‐conducting channel, fault usually plays a controlling role in hydrogeological structure. During the process of mine water hazard prevention and control, it was discovered that the lithology composition, compaction and cementation degree and water physical properties of karst collapsed column fillings were all non‐conducting water, but due to the influence of combined development faults, some explo

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3

Jasron, Jahirwan Ut, Sudjito Soeparmani, Lilis Yuliati, and Djarot B. Darmadi. "Comparison of the performance of oscillating water column devices based on arrangements of water columns." Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences 14, no. 3 (2020): 7082–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jmes.14.3.2020.10.0555.

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The hydrodynamic performance of oscillating water column (OWC) depends on the depth of the water, the size of the water column and its arrangement, which affects the oscillation of the water surface in the column. An experimental method was conducted by testing 4 water depths with wave periods of 1-3 s. All data recorded by the sensor is then processed and presented in graphical form. The research focused on analyzing the difference in wave power absorption capabilities of the three geometric types of OWC based on arrangements of water columns. The OWC devices designed as single water column,

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4

Takahashi, Hisayuki, and Masayasu Tanaka. "Statistical Analysis for Comparison of the Results Obtained by Capillary Columns and Packed Columns in the Determination of Water Yield in Smoke Condensates Analyzed in Cigarettes for the 24th Asia Collaborative Study." Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research 29, no. 2 (2020): 97–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2020-0010.

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SummaryRecently, capillary columns have been widely used in the methodology for the determination of water yields in smoke condensate, even though ISO 10362-1:1999, “Cigarettes - Determination of water in smoke condensates – Part 1: Gas chromatographic method” specifies a packed gas chromatographic column. As a result of a systematic review in 2015, ISO/TC126 decided to revise the standard to include the use of capillary columns.The goal of this study was to confirm the comparability of water yields obtained from capillary column methodology to those yields from packed columns by the statistic

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5

Bauer, Rachel, Paul Pitzel, Emily Johnson, and Catherine Johnson. "Water-Cased Kicker Charges for Use in Explosive Demolition." Buildings 13, no. 2 (2023): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13020378.

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Demolition projects involving explosives often incorporate cutting charges to sever columns in conjunction with kicker charges that “move” the columns out of alignment. Traditional kicker charges use dynamite secured to the column above a linear-shaped cutting charge. This study investigates the use of water-cased kicker charges for use in explosive demolition. The goal is to reduce the fragmentation of steel members and the quantity of explosive needed due to the increased density, incompressibility, and impedance mismatch water provides. Simulations and experimental tests were utilized to de

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6

Zhang, Zhen Peng, Jin Qiu Shao, Xue Yan Sun, and Hui Jun Liu. "Simulation of Soil Water and Salt Transport with Sand Column in Coastal Saline Soil Based on COMSOL." Applied Mechanics and Materials 614 (September 2014): 668–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.614.668.

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In the paper, transport of water and Cl- under leaching was 2D-digitally simulated with COMSOL Multi-physics. In a two-dimensional transient cross-sectional model. COSMOL was used to investigate water and solute transport in the soil column coupled with variable sand column forms, with “a” denoting no sand column, “b” with one vertical middle sand column, “c “ with one long Slanted sand column, “d” with two long Slanted X-shaped sand columns. The parameters of the model were primarily based on the soil physical properties measured at coastal clay loam saline soil in Tianjin. The simulation res

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7

Durkee, John B. "The Water Column." Metal Finishing 105, no. 9 (2007): 57–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0576(07)80221-2.

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8

Kh Kurbangaleeva, M. "Improving the Safety of the Rectification Unit for the Production of Alkylphenols." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 988, no. 2 (2022): 022007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/988/2/022007.

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Abstract As a result of the study, the analysis of occurrence of fire hazardous situation during the operation of rectification column of production facility of one of the city’s enterprises was carried out. This installation refers to facilities for which additional safety requirements are imposed. The main danger of the operation of rectification columns and their piping used at the installation is thefear of depressurization and theinitiation of gas contamination and fire situation on the site. As theresult of the fire, the rectification column and supporting metal structures can be in flam

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9

Jandera, Pavel, and Tomáš Hájek. "A New Definition of the Stationary Phase Volume in Mixed-Mode Chromatographic Columns in Hydrophilic Liquid Chromatography." Molecules 26, no. 16 (2021): 4819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26164819.

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Polar columns used in the HILIC (Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography) systems take up water from the mixed aqueous–organic mobile phases in excess of the water concentration in the bulk mobile phase. The adsorbed water forms a diffuse layer, which becomes a part of the HILIC stationary phase and plays dominant role in the retention of polar compounds. It is difficult to fix the exact boundary between the diffuse stationary and the bulk mobile phase, hence determining the column hold-up volume is subject to errors. Adopting a convention that presumes that the volume of the adsorbed wa

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10

Bader, Amjed M., Dhia A. Alazawi, Hussain J. M. Al-Alkawi, and Saad T. Faris. "Effect of shot peening on the critical buckling load of stainless steel 304 columns immersed in sea water." Curved and Layered Structures 9, no. 1 (2022): 442–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cls-2022-0181.

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Abstract A machine part subjected to an axial compressive load is called strut. But, a vertical strut is known as a column. The machine members that must be investigated for the column action are connecting rods, piston rods, screw jack, etc. When a column is subjected to a compressive load and this load is gradually increased, a stage will be reached when the column will be subjected to ultimate load. Beyond this, the column will fail by crushing, and the load will be known as crushing load. When the column is short or intermediate, sometimes this column fails by bending, i.e. buckling. When

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11

Riddle, Steven W. "Functional morphology and paleoecological implications of the platycrinitid column (Echinodermata, Crinoidea)." Journal of Paleontology 63, no. 6 (1989): 889–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000036581.

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Flume studies conducted on models and specimens of the helically twisted columns from Mississippian platycrinitid crinoids revealed two unique hydrodynamic interactions. Water is deflected up the column from levels near the sediment-water interface where food particles are more abundant. Turbulence, both in the lee and on the upstream side of the column, removes nutrient-poor water and replaces it with nutrient-rich water from near the sediment-water interface. Subsequently, the nutrient-rich water would have been filtered through the feeding apparatus of the crinoid. An upward deflection of a

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12

Raeva, V. M., and O. V. Gromova. "Separation of water – formic acid – acetic acid mixtures in the presence of sulfolane." Fine Chemical Technologies 14, no. 4 (2019): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32362/2410-6593-2019-14-4-24-32.

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In this paper, extractive distillation flowsheets for water–formic acid–acetic acid mixtures were designed. Flowsheets not involving preliminary dehydration were considered, and the relative volatilities of the components in the presence of sulfolane were analyzed. The result of extractive distillation depends on the amount of sulfolane. The structure of the flowsheet is determined by the results of the basic ternary mixture extractive distillation. In three-column flowsheets (schemes I, II), water is isolated in the distillate of the extractive distillation column. In the second column, disti

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13

Zhao, Zhenhua, Zhenjiang Luo, Hongjie Sun, Haitao Li, Qiang Liu, and Haiyan Liu. "Capillary Rise in Layered Soils." Applied Sciences 13, no. 6 (2023): 3374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13063374.

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Capillary rise tests were conducted on soil columns containing of three layers of sandy soils with coarser over finer over coarser sandy soil to investigate the effect of the relatively finer soil interlayer. The capillary rise height, rate, and water distribution were observed in laboratory tests of four layered soil columns, with two homogeneous (without the interlayer) soil columns serving as the controls. The final maximum height of the capillary rise in the soil column with the interlayer was larger than that of the column without the interlayer when the interlayer was laid around the wat

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14

Chen, Chen-Yuan, Ruo-Ling Dong, Hong-Hui Shi, and Yi Liu. "Instability and Atomization of Liquid Cylinders after Shock Wave’s Impacting." Applied Sciences 12, no. 24 (2022): 12597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122412597.

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This paper describes an experimental study on the instability and atomization of liquid cylinders after the impact of shock waves. Single row water column, in-line double rows water columns and alongside triple rows water columns were evaluated in a horizontal shock tube. The diameter of water column and the Mach number in the experiments were 2.0–4.14 mm and 1.10–1.25, respectively. The global instability along the axial direction of water cylinders was focused. Using a high-speed camera, the developments of spike height, bubble depth and turbulent mixing zone, width were measured. Some compa

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15

Cao, Zhengzheng, Yulou Ren, Qinting Wang, Banghua Yao, and Xinchao Zhang. "Evolution Mechanism of Water-Conducting Channel of Collapse Column in Karst Mining Area of Southwest China." Geofluids 2021 (February 25, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6630462.

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There are many karst collapse columns in coal seam roof in the southern coal field in China, which are different from those in coal seam floor in the northern coal field, due to the stratum characteristics. The karst collapse column in coal seam roof tends to reactivate and conduct water and induce the serious water inrush disaster, when the karst collapse column communicates with the overlying aquifer. In order to reveal the evolution mechanism of water-conducting channel of collapse column in karst mining area of southwest China, the aquifers and water inflow rule in 1908 working face in Qia

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16

Vuković, Gorica, Vojislava Bursić, Nikola Puvača, et al. "Solid-phase extraction of neonicotinoids residue from water: comparison between extraction cartridges." Environmental engineering 6, no. 2 (2019): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.37023/ee.6.2.6.

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The Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2018/840 established the watch list of substances for Union-wide monitoring in the field of water policy pursuant to Directive 2008/105/EC and Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2015/495. This Decision establishes additional substances and their maximum acceptable method detection limits including neonicotinoids (9-500 ng/L). During the pesticides extraction from water, the solid-phase extraction (SPE) column was used. Bakerbond spe™ SDB-1 SPE and Bond Elut Plexa were evaluated for the SPE of neonicotinoids (imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, acetamiprid,

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17

Kehr, Ján, and Mikuláš Chavko. "Protection, efficiency, and some practical aspects of use of CGC columns in high performance liquid chromatography." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 51, no. 10 (1986): 2091–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19862091.

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Some practical adaptations of compact glass cartridge (CGC) columns and design of related components of the high-performance liquid chromatographic system are suggested; included are the design of a Teflon guard column and its filling procedure, an intra-column sample injector for on-column sample delivery or for injection into the precolumn, replacement of a contaminated packing or replenishment of packing at the top of the CGC column, a procedure for shortening the column to a desired length, and the possibility of thermostatting the column by means of a water jacket. These adaptations make

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18

Maimon, Dan. "Oscillating water column plant." Analele Universităţii "Dunărea de Jos" din Galaţi Fascicula XI Construcţii navale/ Annals of "Dunărea de Jos" of Galati Fascicle XI Shipbuilding 44 (December 3, 2021): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.35219/annugalshipbuilding/2021.44.07.

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This article is describing the way of construction and operation of an oscillating water column system in order to recover as much as possible from the waves energy. The oscillating water column plant is used for the production of electrical energy by tidal currents, and it is currently the most widespread and economical method for the conversion of wave motion. The environmental impact of these infrastructures remains very low: no emissions of gas or any waste during their operation. In addition, the swell is a formidable source of energy.

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19

Winton, Michael. "Polar Water Column Stability." Journal of Physical Oceanography 29, no. 6 (1999): 1368–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1999)029<1368:pwcs>2.0.co;2.

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20

Liu, Feifei, Xuesong Mao, Cheng Xu, Yingying Li, Qian Wu, and Jianxun Zhang. "“Covering Effects” under Diurnal Temperature Variations in Arid and Semiarid Areas." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (February 21, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7496182.

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“Covering effects” dominated by water vapor migration in arid and semiarid areas threaten the stability of engineering entities. To explore the “covering effects” dominated by water vapor migration under the influence of diurnal temperature variations, a series of one-side evaporation experiments were conducted. Characteristics of water vapor migration between the unsaturated loess soil column with and without a lid were compared in detail to illustrate the “covering effects” on water vapor migration, as were the effects of test time. Further, the characteristics of “covering effects” in loess

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21

Xu, Qiang, Hongguang Liu, Mingsi Li, and Pengfei Li. "The Presence of the Biochar Interlayer Effectively Inhibits Soil Water Evaporation and Salt Migration to the Soil Surface." Agriculture 13, no. 3 (2023): 638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13030638.

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To reveal the mechanisms of water conservation and soil salinity control in the biochar interlayer, the effects of biochar addition as an interlayer on soil water infiltration, evaporation, and salt transport were studied. Through the indoor soil-column simulation test, soil columns were set up by packing homogeneous soil (CK) and biochar spacers into columns at different burial depths of 10, 20, and 30 cm. The biochar interlayer decreased the infiltration capacity of the soil, with the average infiltration rate decreasing from 0.72 cm·h−1 to the ranges of 0.39–0.48 cm·h−1 in the CK soil colum

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22

Li, Jiake, Laiyan Li, Wen Dong, and Huaien Li. "Purification effects of amended bioretention columns on phosphorus in urban rainfall runoff." Water Science and Technology 78, no. 9 (2018): 1937–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.464.

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Abstract In order to develop bioretention fillers with better phosphorus removal capacity, we built 12 bioretention columns with six kinds of modified fillers, and analyzed the operation effects of the columns under different conditions through field tests. Results show that adding water treatment residual has optimal removal rates for total phosphorus (TP) (median = 96.80%) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) (median = 97.13%). The water reduction rates of the columns with improved fillers are 1.23–2.04 times that of the bioretention soil media column. The coconut chaff column has the best

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23

Li, Yong Jun, Hao Sun, and Xiao Ming Li. "Development Law and Watery Features of Collapse Column in Pansan Mine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 737 (March 2015): 817–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.737.817.

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The collapse column is widely developed and distributed in North China coalfield, has been a threat for coal mine production safety. According to the existing collapse columns in pansan mine, using the combination with geology analyzing and geophysical exploration technology, the cause and development regularity of the collapse columns is discussed in a way of palaeogeographic and palaeoenvironment, the inner filling material features of the collapse columns in the coalfield are introduced, The watery features of collapse columns are studied. The results show that collapse columns have a law o

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24

Xue, Yang, Huang Jingwu, Wang Hua, et al. "Evaluation on water bursting risk of working faces near collapse column during the mining process." E3S Web of Conferences 198 (2020): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019802003.

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Collapse column water bursting occurs from time to time in the coal mining process of North China Type Coalfield in China, which causes great economic loss and personal injury. Therefore, great attention must be paid to the harm of collapse column. 1301 working face and 1306 working face in the west wing of No.1 Mining District of Zhangji Coal Mine in Shanxian County are close to No.2 collapse column. Water bursting risk evaluation must be carried out before mining two working faces to ensure safety production. On the basis of fully analyzing the geological and hydrogeological conditions of th

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25

Thanh Hai, Pham Thi. "STUDY OF COPPER REMOVAL IN WATER BY ION EXCHANGE MATERIAL." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 56, no. 2C (2018): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/56/2c/13029.

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In this study, sulfonation of polystyrene waste was investigated of the possibility of the removing Cu (II) ions in solution. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) of sulfonation polystyrene waste was performed to study the material characteristics and the results showed the presence of sulfonic group bands. The efficiency of Cu (II) ion removal in ion exchange column experiments indicated that the quality of sulfonation of polystyrene waste depended on some factors as the reaction time, height of the column and the velocity of the flow rate. Ion exchange experiments were carried out with the colu

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Aqel, Ahmad, Soad S. Alzahrani, Asma’a Al-Rifai, et al. "Determination of Monoaromatic Hydrocarbons in Water Samples by Nano-Liquid Chromatography using a Composite Carbon Nanotubes- Lauryl Polymethacrylate Capillary Monolithic Column." Current Analytical Chemistry 16, no. 3 (2020): 223–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573411014666180619144741.

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Background: This work reports a green analytical method for the determination of organic environmental pollutants using nano-liquid chromatography with a self-made column for rapid, sensitive, inexpensive and efficient analysis of BTX pollutants in water. The applications of monolithic nanoscale columns for quantitative analysis of environmental real samples are very limited in the literature. Methods: A capillary column containing a composite of multi-walled carbon nanotubes incorporated into a lauryl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate porous monolithic polymer was fabricated for the det

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27

Dong, Yanrong, Junzhen Di, Zhenhua Yang, et al. "Study on the Effectiveness of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria Combined with Coal Gangue in Repairing Acid Mine Drainage Containing Fe and Mn." Energies 13, no. 4 (2020): 995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13040995.

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In view of the characteristics of the high content of SO42−, Fe2+ and Mn2+ in acid mine drainage (AMD) and low pH value, based on adsorption and biological methods, coal gangue was combined with sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). On this basis, four dynamic columns, including Column 1 (SRB combined with spontaneous combustion gangue from the Gaode coal mine), Column 2 (SRB combined with spontaneous combustion gangue from Haizhou), Column 3 (SRB combined with gangue from Haizhou), and Column 4 (SRB combined with gangue from Shanxi), were constructed. The efficacy of four columns was compared by t

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Feng, Feisheng, Suping Peng, Pingjie Fu, Wenfeng Du, and Dongjing Xu. "A Study on the Seepage Flow Characteristics and Disaster-Causing Mechanism of Collapse Column." Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (September 30, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7841649.

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Factors such as the hydrogeological conditions, the lithological characteristics of the columns’ components, and the lithological characteristics and stress conditions of the coal seam roof and floor are interrelated and jointly affect column collapse. In this study, the disaster-causing mechanism of column collapse was studied. Based on the system theory, a collapsed column is divided into the column and the surrounding fissure zone as two subsystems for analysis. And, the permeability coefficient of the broken rock under different conditions was measured by a self-designed equipment. The var

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Rudakov, D. G., S. M. Kharlamov, P. S. Klauzner, E. A. Anokhina, and A. V. Timoshenko. "Extractive distillation of tetrahydrofuran–ethyl acetate–water mixture in schemes including columns with side sections and side draws." Fine Chemical Technologies 20, no. 2 (2025): 95–106. https://doi.org/10.32362/2410-6593-2025-20-2-95-106.

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Objectives. The work set out to evaluate the energy efficiency of using schemes including columns with side sections and side draws in the extractive distillation of tetrahydrofuran–ethyl acetate–water mixture with dimethyl sulfoxide as an entrainer.Methods. The main research method consisted of a computational experiment with the Aspen Plus v. 12 software package. The local composition UNIQUAC equation model was used for describing vapor–liquid equilibrium. Parametric optimization of initial scheme and schemes, including columns with side sections and side draws, was carried out according to

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Saowapon, Matthew T., and Kevin B. Thurbide. "Adjustable column length using a water stationary phase in supercritical fluid chromatography." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 97, no. 10 (2019): 722–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2019-0157.

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A novel method for adjusting the column length during analysis in capillary supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) is introduced. The approach is based on using a water stationary phase that can be partially ejected (or replenished) from the column as desired, without physically removing the supporting hardware elements. By flowing cool air through a sleeve surrounding the column in a heated oven, an axial thermal gradient along the length of the column was formed. This established a cooler region where the water stationary phase could be maintained and a hotter region where the coating was

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Shukla, Shubham, and M. V. Waghmare. "Strengthening of RC Column Using GFRP." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 3 (2022): 1217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.40866.

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Abstract: In construction industry, engineers try to find new, better, economical material. Today there are several new techniques observed in the industry. In recent years, the construction industry has seen an increasing demand to reinstate, rejuvenate, strengthen and upgrade existing concrete structures. This may be attributed to various causes such as environment degradation, design inadequacies, poor construction practices, lack of regular maintenance, revision of codes of practice, increase in loads and seismic conditions etc. One of the technique used is the wrapping of damaged and newl

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Dhawan, Sahil, Onita D. Basu, and Bahman Banihashemi. "Influence of nutrient supplementation on DOC removal in drinking water biofilters." Water Supply 17, no. 2 (2016): 422–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2016.146.

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Analysis of the impacts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium supplementation on biofilter performance for organic carbon removal was studied on laboratory-scale biofilter columns. Three dual media biofilter columns were fed with synthetic raw water C:N:P ratios of 546:24:1, 100:10:1, and 25:5:1 (w/w) to simulate nutrient limited and two nutrient supplemented conditions, respectively. Research found that air-scour versus water only backwash improved the nutrient limited dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal by 8%. In addition, nutrient supplementation and backwash alteration improved DOC remo

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Alkhorshid, Nima, Gregório Araújo, and Ennio Palmeira. "Geosynthetic Encased Column: comparison between numerical and experimental results." Soils and Rocks 44, no. 4 (2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.28927/sr.2021.073121.

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The use of granular column is one of the ground improvement methods used for soft soils. This method improves the foundation soils mechanical properties by displacing the soft soil with the compacted granular columns. The columns have high permeability that can accelerate the excess pore water pressure produced in soft soils and increase the undrained shear strength. When it comes to very soft soils, the use of granular columns is not of interest since these soils present no significant confinement to the columns. Here comes the encased columns that receive the confinement from the encasement

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Ajah Paul. O., Allison, Nneka L., Igbang Lucky Sylvester, Moses Miracle Augustine, and Efuneshi Chima Vinatius. "Predisposing Factors that Promote Prevalence of Heavy Metals Assimilation and Bioaccumulation in Aquatic Medium and amongst Fishes." Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research 25, no. 4 (2023): 159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajfar/2023/v25i4693.

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The degree of heavy metals assimilation and bioaccumulation in fish tissues (muscles, gills, liver, and kidneys), amongst scale-less fishes- Chrysichthys macrotis, Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus, Clarias gariepinus and Heterobranchus longifilis, -scaly fishes- Cynoglossus senegalensis, Oreochromis aureus, O. niloticus, Lutjanus fulgens, Pomadasys rogeri, and Tilapia galilea, water columns and sediments, were investigated. Heavy metals assimilation and bioaccumulation varied among organisms with or without scales, tissue types, and fish location (water column & sediments) and pollution level.

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35

Hildebrant, Benjamin, Arnaud Igor Ndé-Tchoupé, Mesia Lufingo, Tobias Licha, and Chicgoua Noubactep. "Steel Wool for Water Treatment: Intrinsic Reactivity and Defluoridation Efficiency." Processes 8, no. 3 (2020): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8030265.

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Studies were undertaken to characterize the intrinsic reactivity of Fe0-bearing steel wool (Fe0 SW) materials using the ethylenediaminetetraacetate method (EDTA test). A 2 mM Na2-EDTA solution was used in batch and column leaching experiments. A total of 15 Fe0 SW specimens and one granular iron (GI) were tested in batch experiments. Column experiments were performed with four Fe0 SW of the same grade but from various suppliers and the GI. The conventional EDTA test (0.100 g Fe0, 50 mL EDTA, 96 h) protocol was modified in two manners: (i) Decreasing the experimental duration (down to 24 h) and

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36

Jørgensen, P. H. "Examination of the Penetration of Enteric Viruses in Soils under Simulated Conditions in the Laboratory." Water Science and Technology 17, no. 10 (1985): 197–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1985.0110.

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Abstract (sommario):

In two different unsaturated soil columns percolated with artificial rainwater under simulated aerated conditions, transport of coxsackievirus B3 and adenovirus 1 below 3.5 cm under the soil surface could not be demonstrated. The viruses were applied to the columns as seeded sewage sludge. Under saturated conditions transport of water-suspended coxsackievirus B3 was faster in a soil column with sandy loam soil than in a diluvial sand column.

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37

Abel, Chol D. T., Saroj K. Sharma, Ervin Buçpapaj, and Maria D. Kennedy. "Impact of hydraulic loading rate and media type on removal of bulk organic matter and nitrogen from primary effluent in a laboratory-scale soil aquifer treatment system." Water Science and Technology 68, no. 1 (2013): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.242.

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Abstract (sommario):

The effect of hydraulic loading rate (HLR) and media type on the removal of bulk organic matter and nitrogen from primary effluent during soil aquifer treatment was investigated by conducting laboratory-scale soil column studies. Two soil columns packed with silica sand were operated at HLRs of 0.625 and 1.25 m/d, while a third column was packed with dune filtering material and operated at HLR of 1.25 m/d. Bulk organic matter was effectively removed by 47.5 ± 1.2% and 45.1 ± 1.2% in silica sand columns operated at 0.625 and 1.25 m/d, respectively and 57.3 ± 7.6% in dune filtering material colu

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38

Yang, Hong, H. Rahardjo, E. C. Leong, and D. G. Fredlund. "A study of infiltration on three sand capillary barriers." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 41, no. 4 (2004): 629–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t04-021.

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Abstract (sommario):

The capillary barrier effect was investigated by conducting infiltration tests on three soil columns of fine sand over medium sand, medium sand over gravelly sand, and fine sand over gravelly sand. The barrier effect was verified in the underlying layer of coarser material, and the water-entry values of the coarser layers were confirmed to be nearly equal to the residual matric suctions of the soils. The coarser layer of gravelly sand, which had a lower water-entry value, was more effective in forming a barrier than the coarser layer of medium sand, which had a higher water-entry value. When t

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39

Endang Kusumawati, Retno Dwi Jayanti, Lestari Herlianti Putri, Nurul Annisa, and Tifa Paramitha. "Evaluasi dan Modifikasi Alat Penukar Ion dengan Penambahan Kolom Adsorpsi Karbon Aktif untuk Menurunkan Kesadahan." KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia 10, no. 1 (2024): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/kovalen.2024.v10.i1.16556.

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Abstract (sommario):

Ion exchange is one of the water treatment methods used to reduce hardness. To improve the performance of the ion exchange columns, modification can be done by adding an activated carbon column placed after the ion exchange column to adsorb ions that were not exchanged by the resin so that the treated water met boiler feed water quality standards. The purposes of this study were to determine the best flow rate to reduce hardness in the configuration of the ion exchange and activated carbon columns, determine the saturation time of each column, and determine their exchange/adsorption capacities

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40

THOMPSON, ERICA L., and HERBERT E. HUPPERT. "Granular column collapses: further experimental results." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 575 (March 2007): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112006004563.

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Abstract (sommario):

Experimental observations of the collapse of initially static columns of sand in axisymmetric and two-dimensional geometries are presented. The experiments were carried out using cylinders and rectangular tanks 30 to 60 cm tall, and cover aspect ratios between 0.5 and 20, where the aspect ratio is defined as the ratio of the initial height to horizontal extent of the column. The final positions of sand grains from different points initially on the outer surface of the columns are mapped. For all axisymmetric columns the point of maximum runout is found to originate from a point at fractional h

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41

OBRYK, M. K., P. T. DORAN, J. A. HICKS, C. P. McKAY, and J. C. PRISCU. "Modeling the thickness of perennial ice covers on stratified lakes of the Taylor Valley, Antarctica." Journal of Glaciology 62, no. 235 (2016): 825–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.69.

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Abstract (sommario):

ABSTRACTA 1-D ice cover model was developed to predict and constrain drivers of long-term ice thickness trends in chemically stratified lakes of Taylor Valley, Antarctica. The model is driven by surface radiative heat fluxes and heat fluxes from the underlying water column. The model successfully reproduced 16 a (between 1996 and 2012) of ice thickness changes for the west lobe of Lake Bonney (average ice thickness = 3.53 m) and Lake Fryxell (average ice thickness = 4.22 m). Long-term ice thickness trends require coupling with the thermal structure of the water column. The heat stored within t

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42

Dixson, Danielle L., David Abrego, and Mark E. Hay. "Chemically mediated behavior of recruiting corals and fishes: A tipping point that may limit reef recovery." Science 345, no. 6199 (2014): 892–97. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1255057.

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Abstract (sommario):

Attached is the complete raw data from Dixson et al. 2014 "Chemically mediated behavior of recruiting corals and fishes: A tipping point that may limit reef recovery." Data has been inputted into Excel with different tabs that are color coded. All data corresponding to fish behavioral choice data collected using a 2 chamber Atema flume can be found in red. Data for the fish species have been further broken into 15 separate tabs, each corresponding to a different fish species tested. All data corresponding to the coral behavioral choice data collected using a 2 chamber Atema flume can be found

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43

Martínez-Martín, Francisco J., Víctor Yepes, Fernando González-Vidosa, Antonio Hospitaler, and Julián Alcalá. "Optimization Design of RC Elevated Water Tanks under Seismic Loads." Applied Sciences 12, no. 11 (2022): 5635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12115635.

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Abstract (sommario):

This paper deals with the seismic column design of 35 elevated RC water storage tanks. Tanks comprise a top conic trunk reservoir, a column with variable hollow square cross-sections, and a shallow foundation on a sand layer. The five-column heights considered are 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 m. The five tanks are subjected to seven degrees of seismic loading characterized by the reference peak ground acceleration in Eurocode 8. The elevated tanks are designed against the full prescriptions of Eurocode 2, Eurocode 8, and the Spaniard Structural Code of Practice. This includes variable loads for seis

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44

Lorenz, Christian, Dirk Merten, Götz Haferburg, and Georg Büchel. "Laboratory Investigations on the Interactions of Soil, Water and Microorganisms with Manganese." Advanced Materials Research 20-21 (July 2007): 311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.20-21.311.

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Abstract (sommario):

Column experiments were carried out using contaminated geosubstrates and previously isolated Streptomyces strains from the former uranium mining area Ronneburg (Germany) to study transfer processes of heavy metals including radionuclides. Preliminary tests with comparatively low heavy metal and radionuclide contaminated surface material showed strongly elevated Mn concentrations up to 1060 #g/l after passage through inoculated columns. In contrast, the eluates of non inoculated columns showed, after a “first flush”, low Mn concentrations around 30 #g/l. Poisoned control columns showed decreasi

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45

Nguyen, Huy Van, and Morihiro Maeda. "Removal of phosphorus from water by using volcanic ash soil (VAS): batch and column experiments." Water Science and Technology 74, no. 6 (2016): 1326–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.297.

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Abstract (sommario):

Using low-cost and naturally available materials is considered an optimal adsorbent for removing phosphorus (P) from water due to its simplicity and economic efficiency. This study examined the removal of P from water using volcanic ash soil (VAS) by batch and column experiments. The maximum adsorption capacity of P was 2.94 mg g−1, estimated from the batch experiment according to a Langmuir isotherm. The column study showed a higher adsorption capacity of 5.57 mg g−1. The breakthrough curve showed that influent water containing 2 mg L−1 P was completely purified by VAS within 1,230 pore volum

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46

Lacombe, Celine, Suhail Butt, Graeme Mackenzie, Mark Schons, and Raphael Bornard. "Correcting for water-column variations." Leading Edge 28, no. 2 (2009): 198–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3086058.

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47

Havas, Robin, Christophe Thomazo, Miguel Iniesto, et al. "Biogeochemical processes captured by carbon isotopes in redox-stratified water columns: a comparative study of four modern stratified lakes along an alkalinity gradient." Biogeosciences 20, no. 12 (2023): 2347–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2347-2023.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract. Redox-stratified water columns are a prevalent feature of the Earth's history, and ongoing environmental changes tend to promote a resurgence of such settings. Studying modern redox-stratified environments has improved our understanding of biogeochemical processes and element cycling in such water columns. These settings are associated with peculiar carbon biogeochemical cycling, owing to a layered distribution of biological processes in relation to oxidant availability. Metabolisms from distinct biogeochemical layers are diverse and may differently imprint the sedimentological recor

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48

Amutha, S., D. Arul Prakash, M. Lakshmipathy, and G. Senthil Kumaran. "Study on Behaviour of Coconut Shell Aggregate Concrete with Bamboo Reinforcement in Compression Member." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 17 (July 2015): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.17.14.

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Abstract (sommario):

The use of waste materials is one of the options for sustainable construction. In this paper the coconut shell waste is considered as coarse aggregate (after the same has been crushed) for preparing light weight concrete. The natural material like bamboo which is having considerable tensile strength is considered for reinforcement along with coconut shell concrete. Since the bamboo may absorb moisture from the concrete, to find its effect, the bamboo is treated with water repellent substance like epoxy adhesive is considered. Four types of short columns are tested. Type A Conventional concrete

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49

Nitisapto, Mulyono, Azwar Maas, Benito Heru Purwanto, and Putu Sudira. "Water Use Efficiency in Vertical Cropping System with Volcanic Ash Media by Using Biochar and Urban Waste Compost Fertilizer as Soil Amendement." Ilmu Pertanian (Agricultural Science) 4, no. 1 (2019): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ipas.34304.

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Abstract (sommario):

Applying volcanic ash as planting media has to cope with several constrains: it quickly became sediment and hardened when exposed to water. One of the efforts to improve its physical condition is by utilizing biochar, which is one of amendment materials that can improve the soil quality. This study used vertical column container made from PVC to enable vertical plant arrangement. Volcanic ash requires additional nutrient intake from organic fertilizer such as urban waste compost. The objective of this study was to identify the proper dose combination of volcanic ash, biochar, urban waste compo

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50

Suh, Jeong-Yul, Paul L. Brown, and Gavin F. Birch. "Geochemical factors affecting leachate composition derived from soils in reclaimed lands using laboratory fresh and saline water column experiments." Marine and Freshwater Research 54, no. 7 (2003): 885. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf02118.

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Abstract (sommario):

The present study compared the geochemistry of saline and freshwater percolating through columns containing soils sampled from reclaimed land adjoining Sydney Harbour, Australia. The investigation assessed the flux of contaminants from the soil and, hence, estimated the affect of reclaimed land (using construction waste or dredged sediment) on the adjoining aquatic environment. Leachate samples were collected weekly for 22 weeks and were monitored for pH, Eh (redox potential), electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, major elements and heavy metals. In the early stages of the experiment (unt

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