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1
Wolf, Aaron T. "Techno-political Decision Making for Water Resources Development: The Jordan River Watershed". International Journal of Water Resources Development 11, n. 2 (giugno 1995): 147–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07900629550042371.
Testo completo
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Yuwono, Slamet Budi, Naik Sinukaban, Kukuh Murtilaksono e Bunasor Sanim. "Land Use Planning of Way Betung Watershed for Sustainable Water Resources Development of Bandar Lampung City". Journal of Tropical Soils 16, n. 1 (1 luglio 2013): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2011.v16i1.77-84.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Way Betung watershed is one of the important water resources in Lampung Province and it provides a clean water for Bandar Lampung City through a regional water supply company (PDAM). By the increase of population and economical activities of Bandar Lampung City, the need of clean water also increase, however by the time, the conditions of Way Betung watershed as water resources are declining. Therefore, to improve or to restore WayBetung watershed, a high cost is needed. The research was aimed: (a) to study the effects of Way Betung watershed land use change on the water resources of Bandar Lampung City, (b) to arrange the sustainable development of Way Betung watershed in order to maintain the availability of water resources. The sustainable developments of water resources of Way Betung watershed were arranged in five alternatives/scenarios and each alternative was related toits erosion (USLE method) and its run off volume (SCS method). The results showed that land use changes of Way Betung watershed (1991-2006) were likely to increase daily maximum discharge (Q max), to decrease daily minimum discharge (Q min), to increase fluctuation of river discharge, and to increase yearly run off coeffcient. The best sustainable development of water resources of Way Betung watershed, Lampung Province, was alternative/scenario-4 (forest as 30% of watershed areas + alley cropping in the mix garden). This alternative will decrease erosion to the level lower than tolerable soil loss and also decrease fluctuation of monthly run off.Keywords: Land use change, run off coefficient, water resources, watershed
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Miatkowski, Zygmunt, e Karolina Smarzyńska. "Surface water resources of small agricultural watershed in the Kujawy region, central Poland". Journal of Water and Land Development 33, n. 1 (1 giugno 2017): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jwld-2017-0028.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractThe goal of the paper was to determine surface water resources of an agricultural watershed representative for the areas of intensive crop production in the Kujawy region. This area is characterised by the lowest average annual precipitation in Poland and high water demands related to the intensive crop production.Hydrological studies were carried out in 2007–2011 in the upper Zgłowiączka River watershed located in the eastern part of the analysed region. Over 90% of the study area is used as an arable land.Water velocity in the river bed and water level were measured at the outlet of the watershed in the river cross-section Samszyce.The upper Zgłowiączka River has a snow-rainfall hydrological regime, strongly modified by anthropogenic activities related to the intensive crop production and installation of subsurface drainage system. The study period was characterised by very large temporal variability of hydrological conditions. The mean annual outflow coefficient amounted to 18% and varied highly in time: from 3% in the average years to 62% in the abnormally wet 2011. Average discharge (SSQ) in the Samszyce river cross-section was equal to 0.25 m3·s−1, and the mean unit outflow – to 3.2 dm3·s−1·km−2. The results of the study show that disposable surface water resources of the Kujawy region are very small, especially in the summer half-year. Thus, their utilization as a potential source of water for crop irrigation can be taken into account only, if water excesses will be retained within the watershed and used in conjunction with groundwater resources.
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Yan, Li An, Cheng Hu, Dan Su e Tong Wang. "Discussion on the Construction Concept and Development Mode of Fan River Minor Ecological Watershed". Applied Mechanics and Materials 535 (febbraio 2014): 315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.535.315.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article discussed the connotation of minor ecological watershed through investigating Fan River regarded as the researching unit and combining the ideas of philosophy,ecology and psychology.The article also built the equity consideration from four aspects including water resources;environmental resource;social resource;ecology resource to build the theory-practice-theory path and form a ecological watershed criteria which could be widely applied in Liaoning province.
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He, Chansheng, e L. Allan James. "Watershed science: Linking hydrological science with sustainable management of river basins". Science China Earth Sciences 64, n. 5 (15 aprile 2021): 677–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11430-020-9723-4.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractOver the past decades, a number of water sciences and management programs have been developed to better understand and manage the water cycles at multiple temporal and spatial scales for various purposes, such as ecohydrology, global hydrology, sociohydrology, supply management, demand management, and integrated water resources management (IWRM). At the same time, rapid advancements have also been taking place in tracing, mapping, remote sensing, machine learning, and modelling technologies in hydrological research. Despite those programs and advancements, a water crisis is intensifying globally. The missing link is effective interactions between the hydrological research and water resource management to support implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) at multiple spatial scales. Since the watershed is the natural unit for water resources management, watershed science offers the potential to bridge this missing link. This study first reviews the advances in hydrological research and water resources management, and then discusses issues and challenges facing the global water community. Subsequently, it describes the core components of watershed science: (1) hydrological analysis; (2) water-operation policies; (3) governance; (4) management and feedback. The framework takes into account water availability, water uses, and water quality; explicitly focuses on the storage, fluxes, and quality of the hydrological cycle; defines appropriate local water resource thresholds through incorporating the planetary boundary framework; and identifies specific actionable measures for water resources management. It provides a complementary approach to the existing water management programs in addressing the current global water crisis and achieving the UN SDGs.
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Senecal, Catherine, e Chandra A. Madramootoo. "Watershed management: review of Canadian diversity". Water Policy 7, n. 5 (1 ottobre 2005): 509–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2005.0030.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Watershed management combines the concept of the watershed as the most appropriate spatial management unit for water resources and the concept of integrated water resources management. The movement toward this form of management has resulted in the emergence of new forms of governance in Canada. The Canadian water management context has resulted in various forms of river basin management organizations co-existing within the same country. Four examples are presented of river basin management organizations as they have evolved in Ontario, British Columbia, Quebec and the Prairies, with emphasis on government policy, organizational structure, roles and responsibilities, sources of funding and implementation of integrated watershed management programs and policies. These case studies are selected because they range from government institutions to organizations partially supported by government, to grass roots and stakeholder involvement models, reflecting different levels of funding and stakeholder participation.
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Tostes, Marta, Mirian Espejo, Enrique Macedo e Fidel Torres. "Water Resources Management in Vulnerable Ecosystems: Quiroz River Basin, Piura". European Journal of Sustainable Development 9, n. 4 (1 ottobre 2020): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2020.v9n4p33.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
According to the IPCC (2014), access to water resources is increasingly limited due to the effects of climate change; in consequence, vulnerability of ecosystems and their inhabitants increases. Thus, it is necessary to develop socio-organizational capacities to mitigate and adapt to this scenario, where retribution mechanisms for ecosystem services (MRSE for its Spanish acronym) become more relevant. The research attempts to analyze the coordination among agents involved in sustainable water resources management, to face climate change vulnerability in high biodiversity areas. For this purpose, the implementation of the Quiroz-Chira water fund will be studied as a case that generates institutionalism for sustainability of this mechanism and that represents an important social innovation that can be replicated. The methodology has a descriptive scope and applies qualitative techniques that complement secondary sources systematized with WebQDA software. Results indicate high vulnerability of the analyzed basin districts and a correct governance in this innovation, both with a sustainable development approach oriented to conservation of water potential. This implies good articulation for implementation of the MRSE and promotion of interests’ unification between contributors and water resources retributive entities.
Keywords: Climate change, Sustainable development, Watershed, Governance, Ecosystem services
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Torres, Camilo, Margaret Gitau, Jaime Lara-Borrero e Diego Paredes-Cuervo. "Framework for Water Management in the Food-Energy-Water (FEW) Nexus in Mixed Land-Use Watersheds in Colombia". Sustainability 12, n. 24 (10 dicembre 2020): 10332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410332.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The food-energy-water (FEW) nexus approach has emerged as an alternative for managing these resources more efficiently. Work from studies conducted in the FEW nexus in Latin America is scarce in the scholarly literature. This study aims to develop a framework for water management at the FEW Nexus, with a focus on Colombia. The study focuses on a typical mixed land-use watershed in the Andean region with specific objectives being to: (1) characterize the watershed with respect to land use, climate, water resources, and other factors pertinent to the nexus; (2) explore the relationship between factors in the FEW nexus that may affect water management in terms of quality and availability; and (3) propose a methodology for conducting a FEW Nexus analysis for watersheds located in the Andean region. The results indicate that the Pereira/Dosquebradas urban area has a significant impact on the FEW nexus components in the Otun River Watershed (ORW). Subsequently, an urban FEW nexus framework is proposed for its implementation at the watershed.
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Et al., Julio Cesar Quispe-Mamani. "Incidence of Contamination of Water Resources in the Development of Livestock Activities in the Lower Area of the Coata River Watershed, Peru". INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN INDUSTRY 9, n. 1 (10 marzo 2021): 581–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/itii.v9i1.176.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The objective of the research was to determine the main environmental pollutants affecting the water resource of the lower Coata watershed, for which the descriptive, correlal and explanatory methodology was applied, using The Multinomial Logit regression with survey information applied to 380 heads of families. It was determined that the existence of water pollution has an impact on the volume of production of livestock activity in the lower part of the watershed in a negative manner, this is supported by the dumping of pathogens into the river, which affects 4 units of sheep and cattle heads. The practice of livestock activity directly influences the economic income of families in the lower part of the watershed and explains in 4.12 soles and the main environmental pollutants affecting the water resource in the lower part of the watershed are fecal coliforms and arsenic at a high level.
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Kaur, Baljeet, Narayan Shrestha, Prasad Daggupati, Ramesh Rudra, Pradeep Goel, Rituraj Shukla e Nabil Allataifeh. "Water Security Assessment of the Grand River Watershed in Southwestern Ontario, Canada". Sustainability 11, n. 7 (29 marzo 2019): 1883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11071883.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Water security is the capability of a community to have adequate access to good quality and a sufficient quantity of water as well as safeguard resources for the future generations. Understanding the spatial and temporal variabilities of water security can play a pivotal role in sustainable management of fresh water resources. In this study, a long-term water security analysis of the Grand River watershed (GRW), Ontario, Canada, was carried out using the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT). Analyses on blue and green water availability and water security were carried out by dividing the GRW into eight drainage zones. As such, both anthropogenic as well as environmental demand were considered. In particular, while calculating blue water scarcity, three different methods were used in determining the environmental flow requirement, namely, the presumptive standards method, the modified low stream-flow method, and the variable monthly flow method. Model results showed that the SWAT model could simulate streamflow dynamics of the GRW with ‘good’ to ‘very good’ accuracy with an average Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency of 0.75, R2 value of 0.78, and percentage of bias (PBIAS) of 8.23%. Sen’s slope calculated using data from over 60 years confirmed that the blue water flow, green water flow, and storage had increasing trends. The presumptive standards method and the modified low stream-flow method, respectively, were found to be the most and least restrictive method in calculating environmental flow requirements. While both green (0.4–1.1) and blue (0.25–2.0) water scarcity values showed marked temporal and spatial variabilities, blue water scarcity was found to be the highest in urban areas on account of higher water usage and less blue water availability. Similarly, green water scarcity was found to be highest in zones with higher temperatures and intensive agricultural practices. We believe that knowledge of the green and blue water security situation would be helpful in sustainable water resources management of the GRW and help to identify hotspots that need immediate attention.
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Pandey, V. P., M. S. Babel e F. Kazama. "Analysis of a Nepalese water resources system: stress, adaptive capacity and vulnerability". Water Supply 9, n. 2 (1 giugno 2009): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2009.245.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
It is widely accepted that water resources are vulnerable to socioeconomic development and environment change including climate change/variability. So, analyzing the type and extent of stresses (that render water a vulnerable resource) and the capacity of the system to adapt is necessary for integrated water resources management. This paper departs from the common notion that links vulnerability to water crisis, and analyzes a water resources system in the Bagmati River Basin (BRB) in Nepal from the perspective of both stress and adaptive capacity. The analysis is based on evaluation of eleven indicators, eight parameters, two sub-indices and an index. The situation analysis in basin and sub-watershed scale suggests considerable variation in parameter values and vulnerability index in different geographical (basin and sub-watershed) and spatial (three sub-watersheds) scales within the BRB, revealing the need for differential policy interventions based on scale. The northern sub-watershed in the BRB which has favourable climate for human settlement and cultivation, is more vulnerable than the southern sub-watershed. Relatively higher vulnerability in northern sub-watershed is due to high stress (related mainly to water scarcity) and low adaptive capacity (related mainly to low natural capacity). The comprehensive and easily interpretable finding is expected to help decision makers to reach sound solutions to reduce vulnerability of water resources system in the dynamic environment.
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Wang, Junye, Narayan Kumar Shrestha, Mojtaba Aghajani Delavar, Tesfa Worku Meshesha e Soumendra Bhanja. "Modelling Watershed and River Basin Processes in Cold Climate Regions: A Review". Water 13, n. 4 (17 febbraio 2021): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13040518.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Watersheds in cold regions provide water, food, biodiversity and ecosystem service. However, the increasing demand for water resources and climate change challenge our ability to provide clean freshwater. Particularly, watersheds in cold regions are more sensitive to changing climate due to their glaciers’ retreat and permafrost. This review revisits watershed system and processes. We analyze principles of watershed modelling and characteristics of watersheds in cold regions. Then, we show observed evidence of their impacts of cold processes on hydrological and biogeochemical processes and ecosystems, and review the watershed modeling and their applications in cold regions. Finally, we identify the knowledge gaps in modeling river basins according to model structures and representations of processes and point out research priorities in future model development.
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Jiang, Junchao, Leting Lyu, Yuechi Han e Caizhi Sun. "Effect of Climate Variability on Green and Blue Water Resources in a Temperate Monsoon Watershed, Northeastern China". Sustainability 13, n. 4 (18 febbraio 2021): 2193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042193.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Over 80% of global grain production relies on green water, water from precipitation that is stored in unsaturated soil and supports plant growth. Blue water, precipitation that turns into surface water and groundwater, is also a vital surface water resource, and it can be directly utilized. The Tanghe River Basin is a typical temperate continental monsoon watershed in Northern China where residents and crops rely on blue and green water resources. In this study, the spatiotemporal distributions of water resources in the Tanghe River Basin were simulated using the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model for the period between 1970 and 2015. The results demonstrate that the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency and coefficient of determination were both higher than 0.64 during the calibration and validation periods at all hydrological stations, indicating high simulation accuracy. The average annual water resources of the Tanghe River Basin are 759.37 mm. Green and blue water account for 68% and 32% of the total water resources, respectively. The study period was divided into the reference period (1970–1976) and the variation period (1977–2015), to explore the impact of climate change on the green and blue water resources of the Tanghe River Basin water resources. Compared with the reference period, the average green and blue water resources in the variation period decreased by 78.48 and 35.94 mm/year, and their rate changes were −13.45% and −13.17%, respectively. The water resource relative change rates were high in the south and low in the north, and they were predominantly affected by precipitation. This study improves our understanding of the hydrological processes as well as the availability of blue and green water in the study region, and can prove beneficial in promoting the sustainable development of small basins and the integrated watershed management in areas with similar climatic conditions.
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Gao, Fei, Gary Feng, Ming Han, Padmanava Dash, Johnie Jenkins e Changming Liu. "Assessment of Surface Water Resources in the Big Sunflower River Watershed Using Coupled SWAT–MODFLOW Model". Water 11, n. 3 (14 marzo 2019): 528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11030528.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The groundwater level in the Big Sunflower River Watershed (BSRW) in the U.S. has declined significantly in the past 30 years. Therefore, it is imperative to assess surface water resources (SWR) availability in BSRW to mitigate groundwater use for irrigation. This research applied the coupled Soil and Water Assessment Tool–Modular Groundwater Flow model (SWAT–MODFLOW) to assess SWR in BSRW. This study aimed at: (1) Assessing the reliability of SWAT–MODFLOW in BSRW, (2) analyzing temporal and spatial variations of SWR, and (3) assessing the potential availability of SWR in BSRW. Calibration and validation results showed that SWAT–MODFLOW can well simulate streamflow and groundwater levels in BSRW. Our results showed that BSRW had lower average monthly total stream resources (MSR = 8.8 × 107 m3) in growing seasons than in non-growing seasons (MSR = 11.0 × 107 m3), and monthly pond resources (MPR from 30,418 to 30,494 m3) varied less than stream resources. The proportion of sub-basins in BSRW with stream water resources greater than 700 mm was 21% in dry years (229 to 994 mm), while this increased to 35% in normal years (296 to 1141 mm) and 57% in wet years (554 to 991 mm). The Water Stress Index (WSI) ranged from 0.4 to 2.1, revealing that most of the sub-basins in BSRW have net SWR available for irrigation. Our results suggested that surface water resources might be supplementary irrigation sources to mitigate the water resources scarcity in this region.
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Shekar, Padala Raja. "Rainfall-Runoff Modelling of a River Basin Using HEC HMS: A Review Study". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, n. 9 (30 settembre 2021): 506–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38004.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract: A hydrological model helps in understanding of the hydrological processes and useful to measure water resources for effective water resources management. Hydrological cycle describes evaporation, condensation, precipitation and collection of earth water and on again. Hydrological models have been used in different watersheds across the world. The runoff estimation process is the most complex in nature that depends on the meteorological data and also on the various watershed physical parameters. To generate runoff data for a particular watershed it is needed to find out various parameters related to precipitation models. The HEC HMS (a Centre for Hydrological Engineering and Hydrological Modelling Systems introduced by the US Army Corps of Engineers) is a popularly used watershed model to simulate rainfall runoff process. The input variables used by hydrological models are rainfall data, runoff data, wind speed, relative humidity, soil type, catchment properties, hydrogeology and other properties. The Hydrological Modeling can also be an event based or may be continuous. This model is used to predict future impacts of the climate changes on the runoff of River basin and it is used to simulate runoff in ungauged watershed. This literature review represents that application of rainfall runoff modelling using HEC HMS is helpful in prediction of flood, water management and socio-economic development as well as food security. Keywords: HEC-HMS, hydrological modeling, rainfall-runoff simulation, soil type.
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Ma, Yi, e Wei Jiang Zhang. "A Study on Joint Dispatching of Water Resource of the Dam System in Haoshuichuan Watershed". Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (maggio 2012): 2077–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.2077.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
On account of increasing contradiction between water for life, environment, agriculture and water supply in Haoshuichuan watershed, it constructs new projects for water diversion, pumping, transpiration and distribution on the base of current project layout. A unified deployment of water supply source is formed through 1 reservoir, 11 key dams and 15 medium-sized check dams which have been built in river basins. It establishes watershed water resources joint scheduling mode through application of optimization theory, and adopts MATLAB optimization toolbox for the solution of the model. The research result may provide decision-making basis for river basin agricultural layout, ecological restoration and sustainable economic development, also provide reference for joint scheduling of water sources in similar regions.
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Sánchez-Román, Rodrigo Máximo, Marcos Vinicius Folegatti, Alba María Guadalupe Orellana González e Rogério Teixeira da Silva. "Dynamic systems approach assess and manage water resources in river basins". Scientia Agricola 66, n. 4 (agosto 2009): 427–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162009000400001.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Piracicaba, Capivari and Jundiaí River Basins (RB-PCJ) are located in the States of Minas Gerais and São Paulo, Brazil. By 2005, 5.8% of Brazil's General National Product-GNP was produced there. Such economic development has created a huge demand for water resources. The availability of water resources was assessed by running a dynamic systems simulation model to manage these resources in the RB-PCJ (WRM-PCJ), considering five 50-year simulations. WRM-PCJ was developed as a tool to aid the RB-PCJ Watershed Committee. The model computes water supply, demands, and contamination load from several consumers. When considering a Business-as-Usual scenario, by 2054, water demands will have increased up to 76%, 39% of the available water will come from wastewater reuse, and the contamination load will have increased by 91%. The Falkenmark Index started at 1403 m³ person-1 year-1 in 2004, ending at 734 m³ P-1 yr-1 in 2054; the Xu Sustainability Index started at 0.44 and ended at 0.20; and Keller's River Basin Development Phases started as Phase II, and ended at final Phase III, of Augmentation. The three criteria used to evaluate water resources showed that RB-PCJ is at a crucial management turning point. The WRM-PCJ performed well, and proved to be an excellent tool to assess water resources availability.
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Ye, Yun Tao, Yun Zhong Jiang, Hui Hui Yang, Hong Li Zhao e Li Li Liang. "Smart Basin and its Application in Integrated Management of River Basin". Applied Mechanics and Materials 675-677 (ottobre 2014): 818–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.675-677.818.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
An important concept called Smart Basin and its theoretical framework are proposed to cope with the complex situation of water resources caused by the global climate change and excessive human activities. The paper analyses the strategic demand and the technical impetus factor making Smart Basin emergence, elaborates its implication and the connotation,designs its overall frame, and introduces the key technologies and the supported platform used by it. And then applications of Smart Basin in the field of flood control, drought resist, pollution prevention and water resources management are studied. As the highest development level of water resources informatization, Smart Basin will generate new growth points of discipline and have a good application prospect in the every field of integrated watershed management.
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Sulaksono, Hery Budi, Gusfan Halik e Retno Utami Agung Wiyono. "Performance Assessment of Bondoyudo Watershed Management". UKaRsT 5, n. 1 (3 aprile 2021): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.30737/ukarst.v5i1.1429.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Continues decrease of vegetation will result in a high erosion and sedimentation rate in the Bondoyudo watershed. This will result in reduced water retention capacity and accelerate land degradation. This study aims to monitor and evaluate the performance conditions of the Bondoyudo watershed according to the assessment parameters of the weighting criteria, which include land criteria, water management criteria, socio-economic criteria, water construction investment criteria, and space utilization criteria. Information about the upper part, middle part, and lower part of Bondoyudo River is collected from primary data, secondary data, and analysis results. The score of the watershed evaluation's carrying capacity is obtained from the results of the analysis from each weighting and scoring value of each criterion and sub-criteria. Watershed performance classifications are obtained by adding up the scores of each criterion. The watershed classification's total score is 103.25, which is classified as a medium recovery level category. It necessary to manage and restore the carrying capacity of the Bondoyudo watershed in supporting the development of water resources so that there is no decline in the performance of the Bondoyudowathersed. Recommended activity plans are water resources conservation, and utilization integrated control and involving stakeholders in watershed management
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Lima-Quispe, Nilo, Cláudia Coleoni, Wilford Rincón, Zulema Gutierrez, Freddy Zubieta, Sergio Nuñez, Jorge Iriarte et al. "Delving into the Divisive Waters of River Basin Planning in Bolivia: A Case Study in the Cochabamba Valley". Water 13, n. 2 (14 gennaio 2021): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13020190.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
River basin planning in Bolivia is a relatively new endeavor that is primed for innovation and learning. One important learning opportunity relates to connecting watershed planning to processes within other planning units (e.g., municipalities) that have water management implications. A second opportunity relates to integrating watershed management, with a focus on land-based interventions, and water resources management, with a focus on the use and control of surface and groundwater resources. Bolivia’s River Basin Policy and its primary planning instrument, the River Basin Master Plan (PDC in Spanish), provide the relevant innovation and learning context. Official guidance related to PDC development lacks explicit instructions related to the use of analytical tools, the definition of spatially and temporally dis-aggregated indicators to evaluate specific watershed and water management interventions, and a description of the exact way stakeholders engage in the evaluation process. This paper describes an effort to adapt the tenets of a novel planning support practice, Robust Decision Support (RDS), to the official guidelines of PDC development. The work enabled stakeholders to discern positive and negative interactions among water management interventions related to overall system performance, hydrologic risk management, and ecosystem functions; use indicators across varying spatial and temporal reference frames; and identify management strategies to improve outcomes and mitigate cross-regional or inter-sectorial conflicts.
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Brown, Christopher, Samantha Kovalenko, Cigdem Akan, Barsha Tripathee e Don Resio. "Preliminary Design and Development of a Coupled Water Resources Resiliency Model of the St. Johns River Watershed Florida, USA". Proceedings 48, n. 1 (12 novembre 2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecws-4-06428.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The St. Johns River watershed, located in Florida, USA, is the focus of planning efforts to improve the resiliency and management of water resources infrastructure from current and future flood threats. These threats are driven by intense urbanization of the basin combined with increased frequency and intensity of coastal storms, made worse by sea level rise. Research efforts have begun to develop a comprehensive system of coupled numerical simulation models of the entire watershed in order to assess the current and long-term risks from flood inundation. This study provides a discussion of the system-wide model design and preliminary development. The study first outlines the project area and various numerical models to be coupled together. Then, the study discusses preliminary model development efforts and challenges. This initial study revealed the overall complexity and size of the undertaking. Overall, the study’s primary conclusion is that while an integrated system of coupled models is feasible and potentially very useful for long-term planning, the computational challenges for such an undertaking are extensive.
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Gao, Xiaoxi, Depeng Zuo, Zongxue Xu, Siyang Cai e Han Xianming. "Evaluation of blue and green water resources in the upper Yellow River basin of China". Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 379 (5 giugno 2018): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-379-159-2018.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract. The total amount of water resources severely affects socioeconomic development of a region or watershed, which means that accurate quantification of the total amount of water resources is vital for the area, especially for the arid and semi-arid regions. Traditional evaluation of water resources only focused on the qualification of blue water, while the importance of green water was not fully considered. As the second largest river in China, the Yellow River plays an important role in socioeconomic development of the Yellow River basin. Therefore, the blue and green water resources in the upper Yellow River basin (UYRB) were evaluated by the SWAT model in this study. The results show that the average annual total amount of water resources in the UYRB was 140.5 billion m3, in which the blue water resources is 37.8 billion m3, and green water resources is 107.7 billion m3. The intra-annual variability of the blue water and green water is relatively similar during the same period. The higher temperature, the greater difference between the blue and green water. The inter-annual variability of the blue and green water shows that the trends in precipitation, blue and green water have a relatively similar characteristic. The spatial distribution of the blue and green water is characteristic with gradually decreasing from the northwest to the southeast, and the blue water around the main stream is greater than that in the other areas.
23
Meng, Chong, Wei Li, Runhe Cheng e Siyang Zhou. "An Improved Inexact Two-Stage Stochastic with Downside Risk-Control Programming Model for Water Resource Allocation under the Dual Constraints of Water Pollution and Water Scarcity in Northern China". Water 13, n. 9 (9 maggio 2021): 1318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13091318.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Water resource allocation aimed at sustainable watershed development suffers from prominent challenges such as water pollution and scarcity, especially in water-deprived regions. Based on analysis of water quality, use, and sectoral demands during the planning period in the Fenhe River Basin, an improved inexact two-stage stochastic programming model with downside risk control was built for optimal resource allocations for the four primary sectors (industry, domestic use, agriculture, and the environment) in the basin. The principal constraints are river water quality and available water resources under the three hydrological scenarios (low, medium, and high). The results show that industrial, domestic, and agricultural water use in the middle and lower reaches were significantly reduced by requiring improved water quality; agriculture suffered the greatest water shortage and risk. As the level of risk control improved, the comprehensive watershed benefits and agricultural risks were gradually reduced. Improving water reuse significantly reduces the risk and increases the benefits. The model can effectively manage rational water allocations under the dual constraints of water quality and quantity, meanwhile alleviating water competition caused by different water benefits to provide support for coordinating the improvement of water quality and socio-economic development in the basin.
24
Qin, Chang Bo, Yang Wen Jia, Hans T.A Bressers, Hao Wang e Z. Su. "Towards Better Water Governance through Implementing IWRM in the Li River Basin, China". Advanced Materials Research 573-574 (ottobre 2012): 578–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.573-574.578.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Environmental degradation and unsustainable use of water resources has become an obstacle to further economic development and the well-being of the population in the Li River basin. This paper explores the concept and principles of integrated water resources management (IWRM) in relation to their applicability to the Li River basin. The assessment on its physical and socioeconomic characteristics and its current institutional systems in the Li River Basin provides an appreciation of the whole river basin. Sectoral fragmentation and the absence of coordination mechanism (or body) are identified as the institutional factors in this study that caused water related issues. In order to overcome shortfalls of the current fragmented management system, formation of Watershed Management Committee is highly recommended as the core of reforming efforts, which is expected to coordinate effective planning and implementation of equitable, efficient and sustainable use of natural resources in the basin with a view to improving the sustainability of its economic development. Several other reform recommendations are also provided and expected to be a departure point towards better water governance in the Li River basin through the implementation of IWRM. Lastly we explore to what extent the proposed recommendations would be supported by the current national policy framework.
25
Taylor, P., e G. Wright. "Establishing river basin organisations in Vietnam: Red River, Dong Nai River and Lower Mekong Delta". Water Science and Technology 43, n. 9 (1 maggio 2001): 273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0557.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
River basin management is receiving considerable attention at present. Part of the debate, now occurring worldwide, concerns the nature of the organisations that are required to manage river basins successfully, and whether special-purpose river basin organisations (RBOs) are always necessary and in what circumstance they are likely to (i) add to the management of the water resources and (ii) be successful. The development of river basin management requires a number of important elements to be developed to a point where the river basin can be managed successfully. These include the relevant laws, the public and non-government institutions, the technical capabilities of the people, the understanding and motivation of people, and the technical capacity and systems, including information. A river basin organisation (or RBO) is taken to mean a special-purpose organisation charged with some part of the management of the water resources of a particular river basin. Generally speaking, such organisations are responsible for various functions related to the supply, distribution, protection and allocation of water, and their boundaries follow the watershed of the river in question. However, the same functions can be carried out by various organisations, which are not configured on the geographical boundaries of a river basin. This paper outlines recent work on river basin organisation in Vietnam, and makes some comparisons with the situation in Australia.
26
Fu, Yicheng, Xia Du, Benqing Ruan, Laisheng Liu e Jian Zhang. "Agro-ecological compensation of watershed based on emergy". Water Science and Technology 76, n. 10 (11 agosto 2017): 2830–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.455.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract The paper aims at providing a framework to calculate the agro-eco-compensation standard based on the systems agro-ecological concept of embodied energy as emergy. We have proposed a calculation system of eco-compensation standard for sustainable agricultural development based on the convertibility between emergy and price. According to our calculation, the total energy of agricultural production in Yongding River Basin was 3.45 E + 16 Sej/ha (the unit emergy value, expressed in solar emergy joules per unit) in terms of the renewable resources, nonrenewable resources, material inputs, and service costs. The energy of renewable and nonrenewable resources was 1.59 E + 16 and 1.86E + 16 Sej/ha, respectively. The ESI (environmental sustainability index) of the study area was 0.1056, indicating that its agricultural production was in a seriously unsustainable condition. To realize the sustainable agricultural production in the watershed, the downstream governments should pay $21.81 M (¥135 million) approximately to upstream governments for water and soil conservation. The results of the present study suggested that the emergy-based calculation method of agro-eco-compensation standard is feasible to a certain degree.
27
Gao, Fei, Gary Feng, Ying Ouyang, Johnie Jenkins e Changming Liu. "Simulating Potential Weekly Stream and Pond Water Available for Irrigation in the Big Sunflower River Watershed of Mississippi Delta". Water 11, n. 6 (18 giugno 2019): 1271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11061271.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Groundwater storage and level have declined rapidly in the Big Sunflower River Watershed (BSRW) of Mississippi Delta in recent years. Farmers in this region are beginning to save groundwater resources by increasing surface water usage for agricultural irrigation. In this study, we estimated the weekly amount of surface water available in ponds and streams, determined if the weekly surface water resources are sufficient for major crop irrigation demand, and assessed how much surface water can replace groundwater for agriculture irrigation in the BSRW. The SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model was employed to simulate the weekly water resources for 23 sub-basins from the BSRW. Results showed that weekly stream water resources (SWR), stream evaporation (SE) and water loss from the channel via transmission through the side and bottom of the channel (stream transmission, referred as ST) for BSRW during the growing seasons ranged from 20.4 to 29.4 mm, 7.4 to 14.4 mm, 1.6 to 4.5 mm and 1.1 to 1.6 mm, while pond water resources (PWR) and pond evaporation (PE) ranged from 1.9 to 2.1 mm and 0.3 to 0.5 mm. The value of SWR − (ST + SE) and PWR − PE were positive in all sub-basins, indicating that there are net surface water resources available in this region. The percentages of total groundwater usage for irrigation that could be replaced by surface water in each sub-basin every week of each month from May to September ranged from 10% to 87%. Our studies suggested that the conjunctive use of surface and groundwater for agriculture irrigation is a feasible method for groundwater sustainable management in the Mississippi Delta.
28
ZEILHOFER, PETER, GILSON ALBERTO LIMA, ELIANA BEATRIZ RONDON LIMA e IVAIRTON MONTEIRO SANTOS. "Development of a GIS-Based Information System for Watershed Monitoring in Mato Grosso, Central Brazil". Pesquisas em Geociências 35, n. 2 (31 dicembre 2008): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1807-9806.17934.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper describes the conceptual framework and implementation of a prototype for a GIS-based Information System for Watershed Monitoring and Planning in the state of Mato Grosso, Central Brazil. The system was developed to support the implementation of water resources management policies passed by Brazilian federal and state legislatures in 1997.The first phase of the information system development was focused on database design, to create modules for the storage and pre-processing of diverse environmental data sets and for georeferenced registration and control of water users. The GIS environment includes tools for data mining and integrating the NGFlow and QUAL2E models for river runoff and water quality simulation; these tools were successfully validated in the Cuiabá River basin. To guarantee acceptance and continuity of system maintenance in regions under development, GIS applications for watershed management should be component-based. They should also integrate models with robustness for input data that are poor in consistency and quality. Finally, they should be implemented with development tools already used by local technical staff and have a high degree of user friendliness.
29
Poudel, Som Nath. "Tinau River Conservation and Integrated Water Resource Management". Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment 10 (5 dicembre 2012): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v10i0.7099.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper explores the lives of Tinau River and its inter-dependence with the basin communities and ecosystems in a holistic perspective. It seeks to share the influences of changing natural and anthropogenic processes on the river-catchment and how the resultant changes in river-basin influence the livelihoods and ecosystems. Taking an integrated approach of river-basin management, it aims to enhance basin-literacy by linking the ongoing processes in river-catchment, land use pattern and human activities. Without environmentally-sound and sustainable integrated river basin management, it will not be possible to achieve self-sufficiency in food and energy. Tinau River management and conservation must aim to have a healthy river. Each type of water/resource use in the basin is managed in a fragmented manner by a separate department or agency. For healthy watershed development water resources of the river should be managed in a comprehensive manner. Policies, framework, methodology, legislation and institutions are to be developed and established for Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) of the river.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v10i0.7099 Hydro Nepal Vol.10 January 2012 24-31
30
Leta, Megersa Kebede, Tamene Adugna Demissie e Jens Tränckner. "Hydrological Responses of Watershed to Historical and Future Land Use Land Cover Change Dynamics of Nashe Watershed, Ethiopia". Water 13, n. 17 (29 agosto 2021): 2372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13172372.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Land use land cover (LULC) change is the crucial driving force that affects the hydrological processes of a watershed. The changes of LULC have an important influence and are the main factor for monitoring the water balances. The assessment of LULC change is indispensable for sustainable development of land and water resources. Understanding the watershed responses to environmental changes and impacts of LULC classes on hydrological components is vigorous for planning water resources, land resource utilization, and hydrological balance sustaining. In this study, LULC effects on hydrological parameters of the Nashe watershed, Blue Nile River Basin are investigated. For this, historical and future LULC change scenarios in the Nashe watershed are implemented into a calibrated Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. Five LULC scenarios have been developed that represent baseline, current, and future periods corresponding to the map of 1990, 2005, 2019, 2035, and 2050. The predicted increase of agricultural and urban land by decreasing mainly forest land will lead till 2035 to an increase of 2.33% in surface runoff and a decline in ground water flow, lateral flow, and evapotranspiration. Between 2035 and 2050, a gradual increase of grass land and range land could mitigate the undesired tendency. The applied combination of LULC prognosis with process-based hydrologic modeling provide valuable data about the current and future understanding of variation in hydrological parameters and assist concerned bodies to improve land and water management in formulating approaches to minimize the conceivable increment of surface runoff.
31
Song, Jiyun, Jun Xia, Liping Zhang, Zhi-Hua Wang, Hui Wan e Dunxian She. "Streamflow prediction in ungauged basins by regressive regionalization: a case study in Huai River Basin, China". Hydrology Research 47, n. 5 (29 dicembre 2015): 1053–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2015.155.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Streamflow information is of great significance for flood control, water resources utilization and management, ecological services, etc. Continuous streamflow prediction in ungauged basins remains a challenge, mainly due to data paucity and environmental changes. This study focuses on the modification of a nonlinear hydrological system approach known as the time variant gain model and the development of a regressive method based on the modified approach. This method directly correlates rainfall to runoff through physically based mathematical transformations without requiring additional information of evaporation or soil moisture. Also, it contains parsimonious parameters that can be derived from watershed properties. Both characteristics make this method suitable for practical uses in ungauged basins. The Huai River Basin of China was selected as the study area to test the regressive method. The results show that the proposed methodology provides an effective way to predict streamflow of ungauged basins with reasonable accuracy by incorporating regional watershed information (soil, land use, topography, etc.). This study provides a useful predictive tool for future water resources utilization and management for data-sparse areas or watersheds with environmental changes.
32
Zhang, Lufang, Baolin Xue, Yuhui Yan, Guoqiang Wang, Wenchao Sun, Zhanjie Li, Jingshan Yu, Gang Xie e Huijian Shi. "Model Uncertainty Analysis Methods for Semi-Arid Watersheds with Different Characteristics: A Comparative SWAT Case Study". Water 11, n. 6 (5 giugno 2019): 1177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11061177.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Distributed hydrological models play a vital role in water resources management. With the rapid development of distributed hydrological models, research into model uncertainty has become a very important field. When studying traditional hydrological model uncertainty, it is very common to use multisite observation data to evaluate the performance of the model in the same watershed, but there are few studies on uncertainty in watersheds with different characteristics. This study is based on the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model, and uses two common methods: Sequential Uncertainty Fitting Version 2 (SUFI-2) and Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) for uncertainty analysis. We compared these methods in terms of parameter uncertainty, model prediction uncertainty, and simulation effects. The Xiaoqing River basin and the Xinxue River basin, which have different characteristics, including watershed geography and scale, were used for the study areas. The results show that the GLUE method had better applicability in the Xiaoqing River basin, and that the SUFI-2 method provided more reasonable and accurate analysis results in the Xinxue River basin; thus, the applicability was higher. The uncertainty analysis method is affected to some extent by the characteristics of the watershed.
33
Zheng, Zhen, Jing Zhang, Hui Li Gong e J. W. Huang. "Application of MIKESHE Model in Water Environmental Management for Guishui River Basin". Applied Mechanics and Materials 580-583 (luglio 2014): 1823–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.580-583.1823.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In order to comprehensively analyse hydrological environment system of watershed, it is particularly important to couple the surface water and groundwater for better underding the entire hydrologic cycle. Guishui river basin, located in Beijing, was selected as the research area to build a MIKE SHE hydrological integrated model to simulate the surface runoff. The hydrologic response in the Guishui river basin was explored. This study will enrich the experience of the domestic application about MIKESHE model and provided scientific basis for regional water resources planning and management. In the paper, the development process and present research situation of integrated hydrological models were overviewed, concluding the principle of model structure. Considering the water environment issues in the study area (such as water pollution, water resource utilization, watershed underlying surface, climate change, etc.), the integrated hydrological model was setup based on MIKESHE for the simulation year of 2005 to 2010. The preliminary results showed that it is feasibile to apply the MIKESHE model in the study area for water environmental management. Furthermore, some valued suggestions and perspectives about the water environmental problems in the study for the future were provided.
34
Fan, Min, Daniel Ocloo Mawuko, Hideaki Shibata e Wei Ou. "Spatial conservation areas for water yield hydrological ecosystem services with their economic values effects under climate change: a case study of Teshio watershed located in northernmost of Japan". Hydrology Research 50, n. 6 (21 ottobre 2019): 1679–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2019.009.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Water resources prioritization conservation planners are increasingly becoming aware of the economic value of water supply ecosystem services (ESs) under climate changes. Here we assessed how the water yield ES framework is implemented in the current spatial prioritization conservation of the water resources under climate change across the Teshio River watershed. We applied the systematic conservation model to optimize the area for water resources which satisfied the protection targets with and without considering economic values of the water yield provision service. The model indicated that the areas of spatial optimal ES protection for water yield with considering economic values were totally different from those without considering economic values of water resources. The optimal priority conservation areas were concentrated in southwestern, southeastern, and some northern areas of this watershed. These places could guarantee water resources sustainability from both environmental protection and socio-economic development standpoints. Moreover, the spatial priority conservation areas for water yield with economic value from hydro-power electricity production were traded off against the areas for water yield with economic values from resident water-use and irrigation for rice. Therefore, the systematic conservation planning of water yield with economic values under climate changes may provide a useful argument to promote the conservation of water resources.
35
Bao, Haijun, Chengcheng Wang, Lu Han, Shaohua Wu, Liming Lou, Baogen Xu e Yanfang Liu. "Resources and Environmental Pressure, Carrying Capacity, And Governance: A Case Study of Yangtze River Economic Belt". Sustainability 12, n. 4 (20 febbraio 2020): 1576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041576.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The analysis of the relationship between regional resources and environment and human activities plays an important role in sustainable regional development. This study proposes the pressure–capacity–governance (PCG) model, an analytic framework for the assessment of the resources and environmental pressure (REP), carrying capacity (RECC) and governance (REG) levels over a large watershed scale, with the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) as the study area. A limiting factor analysis is used to recognize the limiting factors of the regional RECC. The coupling analysis of resources and environmental pressure–capacity–governance identifies the regional potential and utilization direction. The research results are as follows. (1) The REP, RECC and REG levels of the YREB exhibit spatial differences. The REPs of the upper reaches are lower than those of the lower reaches, which does not match the RECC but matches the REG levels. (2) The proportions of unused land, water resources, and atmospheric environmental quality are the main limiting factors of the regional RECC. (3) The PCG analysis framework is used as the basis to divide the YREB into several subareas to analyse the resources and environmental potential carrying capacity and utilization direction of different types of region. This research may provide decision-making references for regional sustainable development at the large watershed scale.
36
He, C., L. Zhang, L. Fu, Y. Luo, L. Li e C. DeMarchi. "Streamflow allocation in arid watersheds: a case study in Northwestern China". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 9, n. 7 (27 luglio 2012): 8941–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-9-8941-2012.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract. This paper proposes a framework for allocating water resources among the upper, middle, and lower reaches of arid watersheds to meet the multiple demands for water, including rehabilitation of downstream ecosystem. The framework includes: (1) hydrologic simulation of distribution of water resources in the study watershed; (2) development of water allocation criteria; and (3) implementation of the water allocation plan. The advantages of the proposed framework are: (1) spatial integration; (2) multiple objectives; (3) incorporation of local needs through participatory decision making; and (4) dynamic evaluation. The framework was applied to the Heihe watershed, a large inland (terminal lake) watershed with a drainage area of over 128 000 km2 in Northwestern China. Simulation of the daily river flows for the period of 1990–2000 by the Distributed Large Basin Runoff Model shows that Qilian Mountain in the upper reach produced most of the runoff in the watershed, and the increased withdrawals of water for agricultural irrigation, industrial development, and municipal supplies at the middles reach oasis reduced the annual mean discharge by approximately 0.18 × 109 m3 over the simulation period, making the middle reach unable to deliver the mandated amount of 0.95 × 109 m3 water downstream by the State Council, under normal climatic conditions. Changes in land use practices need to be implemented to achieve the mandated water allocation plan. The paper suggests that a participatory watershed planning approach involving multiple stakeholders in the water allocation process be undertaken to address key questions regularly, including how much water should be allocated to what uses and for whom and at what price?
37
Ling, Zhen, Shan Xu, Minghua Dong, Guojian Feng, Hong Huo, Fan Chen e Yan Peng. "Analysis on the influence of runoff trend in the Liusha River Basin of Xishuangbanna". E3S Web of Conferences 228 (2021): 02010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202122802010.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In recent decades, there are lots of the changes of land use in the Liusha River basin in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province. The large-scale replacement of natural forests by rubber plantation have had a certain impact on the ecological environment and water resources in the Liusha River basin. Based on the data of runoff, rainfall and evaporation from 1963 to 2015 measured by Menghai Hydrological Station of Liusha River, the effects of climate change and human activities on the ecological environment of Liusha River runoff and the degree of change were analyzed by using the comparison method of slope change rate of runoff accumulation. The research results show that the cumulative amount of runoff flow after mutation presents significant decrease trend from 1963 to 2015. Because of the Liusha river runoff change decision which residents downstream watershed water security, the runoff of the ecological environment situation and analysis, the protection of natural resources such as forests and the effective protection of regional water resources sustainable development has important guiding significance.
38
Zhu, Zhang, Zhang, Kung e Yushanjiang. "Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotope Composition and Water Quality Evaluation for Different Water Bodies in the Ebinur Lake Watershed, Northwestern China". Water 11, n. 10 (3 ottobre 2019): 2067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11102067.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Wetlands are sensitive indicators of climate change and have a profound impact on the supply of water resources in surrounding areas. In this study, the hydrochemical, isotopic characteristics (δ18O and δ2H) of groundwater and surface water (lake, reservoir, and river) in the Ebinur Lake Watershed, northwestern China, were investigated to reveal the relationships between various water bodies. The results suggest that the groundwater is alkaline and has pH and total dissolved solids (TDS) values less than those of surface water. Ca2+ and SO42− are the major ions in the groundwater and river water, whereas lake water and reservoir water are enriched in Na+ and SO42−. With the decrease in elevation, both groundwater and river water are affected by carbonate dissolution at high elevation and by evaporitic rock dissolution at low elevation; thus, the water surrounding Ebinur Lake is subjected to runoff affected by intense evaporation–dissolution of evaporitic rocks. The stable isotope compositions suggested that the upstream part of the river is recharged by glacial meltwater from high mountains, whereas the middle–downstream parts of the river are recharged by low-elevation precipitation. Shallow groundwater and reservoir water are mainly recharged by river water and are more enriched in the downstream part of river. Water samples were also classified according to different indices, such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH3-N, volatile phenol, sulfate, Zn, Co, Cu, total hardness, and Cr6+, and results showed that most groundwater is suitable for drinking and irrigation purposes. Except for Cr6+, the metal concentrations are within permissible limits. However, both groundwater and reservoir water are affected to some extent by nearby rivers from anthropogenic activity.
39
Xue, Chenyang, e Chaofeng Shao. "Design of Intelligent Environmental Management and Decision-Making Platform for Small- and Medium-Sized Hydropower-Intensive Watersheds". E3S Web of Conferences 136 (2019): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913601004.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Watershed management includes the management of water resources, water environment, and water ecology. The use of intelligent management methods has become a new development trend. Facing the current situation of river basin management in China and the latest management requirements, the positioning of intellectualization in the top-level design of watershed management is clarified. Based on the vulnerability and complexity of ecosystem in small- and medium-sized hydropower-intensive watersheds, the overall framework of intelligent management and decision-making platform is designed, which covers water resource allocation, pollution source analysis, risk early warning, ecological monitoring, industrial access, ecological compensation, public participation, and other functional modules and forms a government–enterprise–society multi-management system.
40
Nafikova, Elvira, Alexey Elizaryev, Ayaz Ismagilov, Inna Dorosh, Aidar Khaidarshin e Dmitriy Alexandrov. "Assessment of geoecological conditions and the depletion risk of the river Belaya catchment area". E3S Web of Conferences 157 (2020): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015702003.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
At the present time water resources in the Republic of Bashkortostan (Russia) are exposed by negative anthropogenic influence. Natural processes also contribute to the depletion of water resources. The implementation of the water management system raises a number of methodological problems: the uncertainty of the criteria for assessing the ecological status of water bodies; the complexity of the relationship between the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the water body due to the regional natural, anthropogenic, climatic features of the territory. The aim of this study is to development of a method for calculating the risk of water resources depletion. The method was tested on the river Belaya (Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia) catchment area. In calculating of water resources depletion risk several parameters were taken into account in particular: the area of watershed, catchment data of surface water and groundwater, data of land use, the average annual runoff, karst phenomena, vegetation. In this paper we use the method of import of geo data containing the soil composition, vegetation, geological structure and forest to assess the ecological condition of the river Belaya. There are defined the catchment areas of the river Belaya, which required immediate management solutions. Mapping of the Belaya River catchment areas requiring immediate management decisions was carried out.
41
Mentzafou, Angeliki, Momčilo Blagojević e Elias Dimitriou. "A GIS-MCDA-Based Suitability Analysis for Meeting Targets 6.3 and 6.5 of the Sustainable Development Goals". Sustainability 13, n. 8 (8 aprile 2021): 4153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084153.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Among the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) established in the 2030 Agenda, goals 6.3, regarding clean water and improve of water quality, and 6.5, regarding integrated water resources management, highlight the need for the implementation of successful environmental water quality monitoring programs of transboundary river waterbodies. In the present study, the designation of high priority areas for water quality monitoring of Drin transboundary watershed is performed using a suitability model, a GIS-based multicriteria decision analysis (GIS-MCDA) approach that takes into consideration the most important conditioning factors that impose pressures on rivers. Based on the results, the methodological approach used manages to sufficiently delimit the areas with increased need for water quality monitoring in the Drin watershed, and the validation procedure produces a correlation coefficient of 0.454 (statistically significant at a 0.01 level). Limitations arise in the case of a lack of detailed information or inaccurate input data and due to the inconsistency among the input data and the different methodological approaches regarding the information collection of each country involved. These restrictions foreground the need for cooperation between the countries involved regarding the exchange of scientific knowledge and common legislation, so as to achieve integrated, effective, and sustainable management of water resources of the area.
42
Bayou, Wondmyibza Tsegaye, Stefan Wohnlich, Mebruk Mohammed e Tenalem Ayenew. "Application of Hydrograph Analysis Techniques for Estimating Groundwater Contribution in the Sor and Gebba Streams of the Baro-Akobo River Basin, Southwestern Ethiopia". Water 13, n. 15 (21 luglio 2021): 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13152006.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Sor and Gebba watershed has undergone several natural and anthropogenic changes, as evidenced by the physical alterations and artificial mismanagement of water resources in the watershed. These situations alter the underground storage aquifer contribution to the streams. Thus, understanding baseflow of the watershed enables us to identify the groundwater system potential and dynamicity. The main objective of this research is to estimate baseflow using several hydrograph analysis techniques as there was neither an organized groundwater resources research carried out at the watershed level nor studies on various methods on estimation of baseflow contribution to these streams. Hence, this research involves estimating baseflow from daily streamflow data using the manual hydrograph analysis technique, Flow Duration Curve (FDC), timeplot, Web-based Hydrograph Analysis Tool (WHAT), the US Geological Survey Groundwater Toolbox (USGS GW Toolbox), and the Baseflow index program (BFI+). The analysis result shows that most automated filtering techniques used with presumed parameters have estimated above-average baseflow compared to the FDC and the manual hydrograph analysis techniques. Moreover, FDC and manual hydrograph analysis resulted in a below-average value of underground storage aquifer contribution to streamflow. The BFI values are proportional for the Sor and Gebba streams and estimated about 33% for the entire watershed.
43
Ai Nurhayati, Siti, Arwin Sabar e Mariana Marselina. "The effect of land use changes to discharge extremities in Cimahi Watershed – Upper Citarum Watershed, West Java". E3S Web of Conferences 148 (2020): 07002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014807002.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The development of cities and regencies in the Cimahi watershed area increases the rate of population growth which results in high land requirements in the Cimahi watershed area. Land se change affects the flow of runoff and debit of the Cimahi River. The purpose of this research is to assess the hydrological function area in the Cimahi watershed, the impact of the land use change and to analyze the effect of landuse change in the Cimahi watershed on the extremity of water resources in terms of both quantity and quality. The natural conservation index and the actual conservation index (IKA and IKC) are used as a parameter to indicate the existing hydrological conditions and ideal hydrological conditions for conservation which are calculated based on rainfall, rock type, slope, height and land use. The results of the conservation index showed that there was a decrease in the value of the IKC from 0.637 in 2000 to 0.608 in 2012. The debit extremity could be seen based on the calculations by moving averages on the debit data, and the resulting maximum debit value was greater and the value of the base flow (baseflow) was getting smaller. Land changes in the Cimahi watershed also had an influence on the river water quality.
44
Wang, Yiqi, Xiaohui Ding, Yanran Ma e Buqing Yan. "System dynamics simulation for the coordinative development of socio-economy and environment in the Weihe River Basin, China". Water Policy 23, n. 3 (12 maggio 2021): 718–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2021.218.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract A reliable system simulation combining socio-economic development with water environment and comprehensively reflect a watershed's dynamic features is crucial. In this study, a complex system dynamics model is constructed to evaluate dynamic changes of socio-economic development and ecological environment of Weihe River Basin (WHR). Development trends of the population, economy, land resources, water demand and supply, water environment and water pollution and management are obtained from 2005 to 2030 through scenarios analysis representing different regional development orientations, namely, population growth (S1), economic leading (S2), resources saving (S3), environment leading (S4), collaborative development (S5). Compared with other scenarios, the total population and GDP will, respectively, reach 3,716.55 × 104 person and 40,077.30 × 108 yuan, and the gap between demand and supply and the amount of water pollution will, respectively, narrow to 0.56 × 108 and 12.26 × 108 cubic meters in collaborative development scenario (S5). The results reveal the collaborative development scenario (S5) can achieve not only steady population and economy growth, as well as narrow down the gap between water supply and demand, but also optimize watershed environment management of the WHR. Thus, the system dynamics model used in our research provides a powerful tool for assisting decision-making on issues of coordinative socio-economic development, environmental health protection, water resources conservation, etc., in a river basin area.
45
Wei, Yujie, Ran Wang, Xin Zhuo e Haoying Feng. "Research on Comprehensive Evaluation and Coordinated Development of Water Resources Carrying Capacity in Qingjiang River Basin, China". Sustainability 13, n. 18 (9 settembre 2021): 10091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810091.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The protection of a water resource’s ecological environment is one of the most important tasks in the watershed in China. The evaluation of water resources carrying capacity (WRCC) is the foundation for the suitability of territorial space development. It is necessary to further analyze the weaknesses of the coordinated development of various dimensions of WRCC and explore the basis of territorial space development and optimization. This paper considers Chinese unique policy tasks, namely, “three water management together”, the types of main function areas, “red lines” control, and national spatial suitability evaluation, to construct the evaluation index system of WRCC. Monomial evaluation, integrated evaluation, and coupling coordination analysis methods are used separately to evaluate the carrying index, comprehensive carrying index, and coupling coordination degree of WRCC in the Qingjiang River Basin. The results show that: (1) As far as monomial evaluation is concerned, water resource supplies are often overloaded on the overall economy, industrial, and agricultural development; (2) The comprehensive indices of WRCC of the counties in the southwest are obviously better than that of the counties in the northeast; (3) The degree of coupling coordination of WRCC in the Qingjiang River Basin is not high, and is essentially in the primary or barely coordinated level; (4) the short board of WRCC in the Qingjiang River Basin presents obvious spatial characteristics, which from west to east are water environment, water resources and water ecology lagging, respectively. This paper measures WRCC for industry, agriculture, life, and ecology, which is helpful in promoting the suitability evaluation of land space development. Meanwhile, the case study of the Qingjiang River Basin provides reference for other regions to implement the “double evaluation”.
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Manzano-Solís, Luis Ricardo, Carlos Díaz-Delgado, Miguel Angel Gómez-Albores, Carlos Alberto Mastachi-Loza e Denise Soares. "Use of structural systems analysis for the integrated water resources management in the Nenetzingo river watershed, Mexico". Land Use Policy 87 (settembre 2019): 104029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.104029.
Testo completo
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Gao, Ruizhong, Fengling Li, Xixi Wang, Tingxi Liu e Dandan Du. "Temporal variations of runoff in a rapidly urbanizing semi-arid Chinese watershed". Journal of Water and Climate Change 7, n. 3 (9 febbraio 2016): 578–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2016.017.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Rapid urbanization on streamflows may directly affect or be restricted by the sustainability of local water resources. This is particularly true for arid/semiarid areas such as the Wulanmulun River watershed in the rapidly-developing Ordos region of north central China. From 1997 to 2012, the gross domestic product (GDP) of the region increased fifty-fold, while the urban area grew by a factor of ten. This study fused multiple-source data on land use, hydrometeorology, and socioeconomics to examine temporal variations in the runoff due to climate change and urbanization. The results revealed that for the Wulanmulun River watershed, the runoff decreased consistently over the study period, with an inflection point around 2005. The average runoff from 2006 to 2012 was much smaller than that from 1997 to 2005, regardless of time scale; although the precipitation also fluctuated from 1997 to 2012, it exhibited no significant trend. From 1997–2005 to 2006–2012, both the urbanized area and GDP increased eight-fold while the population increased by 20%. Thus, urbanization rather than climate change is likely the major reason for the decrease in runoff after 2005. For the study watershed, low impact development practices (e.g. rain barrels) may need to be implemented during urbanization to achieve sustainable management of water resources.
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Chishugi, David Ushindi, Denis Jean Sonwa, Jean-Marie Kahindo, Destin Itunda, Josué Bahati Chishugi, Fiyo Losembe Félix e Muhindo Sahani. "How Climate Change and Land Use/Land Cover Change Affect Domestic Water Vulnerability in Yangambi Watersheds (D. R. Congo)". Land 10, n. 2 (6 febbraio 2021): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10020165.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In the tropics, the domestic water supply depends principally on ecosystem services, including the regulation and purification of water by humid, dense tropical forests. The Yangambi Biosphere Reserve (YBR) landscape is situated within such forests in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Surprisingly, given its proximity to the Congo River, the YBR is confronted with water issues. As part of its ecosystem function, the landscape is expected to reduce deterioration of water quality. However, environmental consequences are increasing due to conversion of its dense forest into other types of land use/land cover (LULC) in response to human activities. It is therefore important to check how the physicochemical quality parameters of water resources are influenced by landscape parameters—and to know if the population can adapt to this water vulnerability. To do this, we analyzed the watershed typology (including morphometric and LULC characteristics) and the physical and chemical parameters of water within the principal watershed’s rivers. We also analyzed data from surveys and the Yangambi meteorological station. We found that some landscape indices related to LULC significantly influence water quality deterioration in Yangambi. On average, each person in the Yangambi landscape uses 29–43 liters of water per day. Unfortunately, this falls short of World Health Organization standards regarding some parameters. The best fitted simple linear regression model explains the variation in pH as a function of edge density of perturbed forest, edge density of crop land and patch density of dense forest up to 94%, 92% and 90%, respectively. While many researchers have identified the consequences of climate change and human activities on these water resources, the population is not well-equipped to deal with them. These results suggest that water management policies should consider the specificities of the Yangambi landscape in order to develop better mitigation strategies for a rational management of water resources in the YBR in the context of climate change.
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Ulibarri, Nicola, e Nataly Escobedo Garcia. "Comparing Complexity in Watershed Governance: The Case of California". Water 12, n. 3 (10 marzo 2020): 766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12030766.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Environmental governance scholars argue that optimal environmental performance can be achieved by matching the scale of governance to the scale of the resource being managed. In the case of water, this means managing at the scale of the watershed. However, many watersheds lack a single watershed-scale organization with authority over all water resources and instead rely on cross-jurisdiction coordination or collaboration among diverse organizations. To understand what “watershed governance” looks like fully, this paper maps organizations with rights to use, regulate, or manage water in four subwatersheds in California (the American, Cosumnes, and Kings Rivers in the Sacramento-San Joaquin watershed and the Shasta River in the Klamath watershed). We assemble datasets of water organizations, water rights holders, and water management plans and use content analysis and social network analysis to explore what water management looks like in the absence of a single basin authority. We describe the institutional complexity that exists in each watershed, compare the physical and institutional interconnections between actors in the watersheds, and then ask to what extent these connections map onto watershed boundaries. We find that the ways in which water management is complex takes very different forms across the four watersheds, despite their being located in a similar political, social, and geographic context. Each watershed has drastically different numbers of actors and uses a very different mix of water sources. We also see very different levels of coordination between actors in each watershed. Given these differences, we then discuss how the institutional reforms needed to create watershed-scale management are unique for each watershed. By building a stronger comparative understanding of what watershed governance actually entails, this work aims to build more thoughtful recommendations for building institutional fit.
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Zamora, Hector A., Christopher J. Eastoe, Benjamin T. Wilder, Jennifer C. McIntosh, Thomas Meixner e Karl W. Flessa. "Groundwater Isotopes in the Sonoyta River Watershed, USA-Mexico: Implications for Recharge Sources and Management of the Quitobaquito Springs". Water 12, n. 12 (24 novembre 2020): 3307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12123307.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Groundwater resources in the southwestern United States are finite and riparian and wetland areas are vulnerable to aquifer overdraft and unregulated groundwater use. Environmental isotopes and water chemistry were used to distinguish water types, recharge mechanisms, and residence time along several reaches of the Sonoyta River and Quitobaquito Springs located near the U.S.-Mexico border. Areas located upgradient from the Sonoyta River, such as the Puerto Blanco Mountains and La Abra Plain, are supported by local recharge which corresponds to water from the largest 30% of rain events mainly occurring during winter. For Quitobaquito Springs, the δ18O and δ2H values are too low to be derived from local recharge. Stable isotope data and Cl/SO4 mass ratios indicate that the Sonoyta River supplied Quitobaquito Springs through flow along a suggested fault system. Based on these results, Quitobaquito Springs flow could be diminished by any activity resulting in increased groundwater extraction and lowering of water elevations in the Sonoyta River regional aquifer.