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Articoli di riviste sul tema "WATER SPRAY INTERACTION"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 26 ottobre 2023

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1

Fthenakis, V. M., K. W. Schatz, U. S. Rohatgi, and V. Zakkay. "Computation of Flow Fields Induced by Water Spraying of an Unconfined Gaseous Plume." Journal of Fluids Engineering 115, no. 4 (1993): 742–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2910207.

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Flow fields induced by the interaction of water sprays and a gaseous plume have been studied in the context of absorbing and dispersing an accidental release of toxic gas in the air. The effectiveness of water sprays in absorbing highly water soluble gases was recently demonstrated in extended laboratory and field tests. In this paper, computer simulations are presented of the Hawk, Nevada Test Site, series of water spray/HF mitigation field tests. The model used, HFSPRAY, is a Eulerean/Lagrangian model which simulates the momentum, mass and energy interactions between a water spray and a turb

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2

Gordon, B. "Water spray interaction with air-steam mixture." Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 4, no. 6 (1991): 698–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0894-1777(91)90077-5.

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3

Kniss, Andrew R., and Dennis C. Odero. "Interaction between Preemergence Ethofumesate and Postemergence Glyphosate." Weed Technology 27, no. 1 (2013): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-12-00050.1.

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Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to determine whether PRE-applied ethofumesate increased POST spray retention and weed control with glyphosate. In greenhouse studies, ethofumesate was applied PRE at rates from 0 to 224 g ai ha−1followed by POST treatment with either water or glyphosate (840 g ae ha−1) to which a red dye had been added. Plants were immediately washed and spray retention determined spectrophotometrically. Common lambsquarters retained more glyphosate solution compared to water, regardless of PRE ethofumesate rate. Increasing the rate of PRE ethofumesate increased

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4

Hardalupas, Y., and J. H. Whitelaw. "Interaction Between Sprays From Multiple Coaxial Airblast Atomizers." Journal of Fluids Engineering 118, no. 4 (1996): 762–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2835507.

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Phase Doppler measurements of size, velocity, liquid flux, and average mass fractions were obtained in sprays produced by three identical coaxial airblast atomizers, with their axes placed in a triangular arrangement at distances of two air jet diameters from each other; the arrangement simulates the spray interaction in the preburner of the space shuttle main engine with water and air respectively replacing the liquid oxygen and hydrogen of the preburner sprays. Each nozzle comprised a liquid jet with exit diameter of 2.3 mm centred in a 8.95 mm diameter air stream. Two liquid flowrates were

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5

Chow, W. K., and Anderson C. Tang. "Experimental Studies on Sprinkler Water Spray—Smoke Layer Interaction." Journal of Applied Fire Science 4, no. 3 (1994): 171–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/54b4-5aul-mncv-f825.

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6

Naz, M. Y., S. A. Sulaiman, B. Ariwahjoedi, and Ku Zilati Ku Shaari. "Investigation of Vortex Clouds and Droplet Sizes in Heated Water Spray Patterns Generated by Axisymmetric Full Cone Nozzles." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/796081.

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The hot water sprays are an important part of many industrial processes, where the detailed knowledge of physical phenomena involved in jet transportation, interaction, secondary breakup, evaporation, and coalescence of droplets is important to reach more efficient processes. The objective of the work was to study the water spray jet breakup dynamics, vortex cloud formation, and droplet size distribution under varying temperature and load pressure. Using a high speed camera, the spray patterns generated by axisymmetric full cone nozzles were visualized as a function water temperature and load

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7

Sivakumar, D., and B. N. Raghunandan. "Jet Interaction in Liquid-Liquid Coaxial Injectors." Journal of Fluids Engineering 118, no. 2 (1996): 329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2817381.

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Interaction between two conical sheets of liquid formed by a coaxial swirl injector has been studied using water in the annular orifice and potassium permanganate solution in the inner orifice. Experiments using photographic techniques have been conducted to study the influence of the inner jet on outer conical sheet spray characteristics such as spray cone angle and break-up length. The core spray has a strong influence on the outer sheet when the pressure drop in the latter is low. This is attributed to the pressure variations caused by ejector effects. This paper also discusses the merging

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8

Meroney, Robert N. "CFD modeling of water spray interaction with dense gas plumes." Atmospheric Environment 54 (July 2012): 706–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.01.038.

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9

Alsaggaf, Wejdan T. "The Chemistry of Paper in Paper Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry." International Journal of Chemistry 12, no. 1 (2019): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijc.v12n1p16.

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There are many rapidly evolving technologies that use simple papers as a surface for chemical reactions and detection of molecules. One example of this application is the use of paper as a surface for ionization and introduction of compounds into mass spectrometry. The current work was designed to investigate mechanisms of interaction between the paper and analytes using mass spectrometry as the detection instrument. Standard compounds with different sizes were used in this study. Factors investigated include the effects of the paper geometry (5 mm) and position (tp=90&ordm;) were found to

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10

GÓRKA, Krzysztof, Bartosz KAŹMIERSKI, and Łukasz KAPUSTA. "Numerical analysis of the flow rig for UWS spray examination in exhaust system-relevant conditions." Combustion Engines 186, no. 3 (2021): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-141182.

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In the present study, a flow rig with optical access intended for spray investigations in exhaust system-relevant conditions was analysed in terms of flow and temperature in the spray area using numerical simulations. The operation of the rig was examined for a wide range of exhaust mass flow rates, temperatures and various forms of UWS (urea-water solution) spray plumes. The locations of the injector and thermocouple were verified. Both conventional and flash-boiling injections were considered to assess the effect of the interaction of sprays with a gas flow. The results showed a highly unifo

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11

W . K. Chow, B. Yao. "NUMERICAL MODELING FOR INTERACTION OF A WATER SPRAY WITH SMOKE LAYER." Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications 39, no. 3 (2001): 267–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/104077801300006580.

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12

Peryea, Frank J., and Jennifer M. Lageschulte. "Boron Fertilizer Product and Concentration Influence Spray Water pH." HortTechnology 10, no. 2 (2000): 350–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.10.2.350.

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Farmers often mix fertilizers, pesticides and other agricultural chemicals together in a spray tank to allow applications of multiple products in a single spray. Because polyborate-based B fertilizers may increase solution pH, adding B to tank-mixed sprays may impair the stability and efficacy of alkalinity-sensitive pesticides and growth regulators if an acidifier is not included. We conducted a laboratory experiment to determine the influence of 10 commercial B fertilizer sources in factorial combination with B concentrations ranging from 0 to 4 lb/100 gal (4.8 g·L-1) on solution pH values o

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13

Ebrahimian, Vahid, and Mofid Gorji-Bandpy. "Two-dimensional modeling of water spray cooling in superheated steam." Thermal Science 12, no. 2 (2008): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci0802079e.

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Spray cooling of the superheated steam occurs with the interaction of many complex physical processes, such as initial droplet formation, collision, coalescence, secondary break up, evaporation, turbulence generation, and modulation, as well as turbulent mixing, heat, mass and momentum transfer in a highly non-uniform two-phase environment. While it is extremely difficult to systematically study particular effects in this complex interaction in a well defined physical experiment, the interaction is well suited for numerical studies based on advanced detailed models of all the processes involve

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14

Jeong, Dahai, Brian K. Haus, and Mark A. Donelan. "Enthalpy Transfer across the Air–Water Interface in High Winds Including Spray." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 69, no. 9 (2012): 2733–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-11-0260.1.

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Abstract Controlled experiments were conducted in the Air–Sea Interaction Saltwater Tank (ASIST) at the University of Miami to investigate air–sea moist enthalpy transfer rates under various wind speeds (range of 0.6–39 m s−1 scaled to equivalent 10-m neutral winds) and water–air temperature differences (range of 1.3°–9.2°C). An indirect calorimetric (heat content budget) measurement technique yielded accurate determinations of moist enthalpy flux over the full range of wind speeds. These winds included conditions with significant spray generation, the concentrations of which were of the same

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15

Raut, Ankit A., and J. M. Mallikarjuna. "Effects of direct water injection and injector configurations on performance and emission characteristics of a gasoline direct injection engine: A computational fluid dynamics analysis." International Journal of Engine Research 21, no. 8 (2019): 1520–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087419890418.

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In-cylinder water injection is a promising approach for reducing NOx and soot emissions from internal combustion engines. It allows one to use a higher compression ratio by reducing engine knock; hence, higher fuel economy and power output can be achieved. However, water injection can also affect engine combustion and emission characteristics if water injection and injector parameters are not properly set. Majority of the previous studies on the water injection are done through experiments. Therefore, subtle aspects of water injection such as in-cylinder interaction of water sprays, spatial di

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16

Shriram Sathishkumar, Bommisetty Sambasiva Rao, Sidharth Pradeep, Solai Sairam R. M., Balaji Kalaiarasu, and Prabhu Selvaraj. "Modelling and Validating the Spray Characteristics of a Co-axial Twin-Fluid Atomizer Using OpenFOAM." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 91, no. 1 (2022): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.91.1.3545.

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Today, the applications of sprays cover a wide range of fields. Their role in internal combustion engines is instrumental in maintaining higher engine efficiency. A deeper understanding of the liquid-gas phase interaction in sprays is crucial to the atomization process. The methods and models used in the simulations have their challenges due to the various discretization schemes and solutions used. To develop and validate the computational models, well defined experimental data is required. In the present work, spray characteristics were studied numerically through OpenFOAM. As the spray chara

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17

Belmiloud, N., and N. Kenkare. "Watermark-Free and Efficient Spray Clean on Hydrophobic Surface with Single-Wafer Technology." Solid State Phenomena 255 (September 2016): 152–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.255.152.

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The interaction of spray-based physical clean and hydrophobic surfaces is studied on a single-wafer technology. A model simulating a rolling water marble on a rotating disk describes accurately the footprint of watermarks, Contrary to its oxide, on a silicon surface the adhesion of particles does not depend on the pH value but on the rotation speed. This newly proposed method, based on the simultaneous combination of spray and liquid dispense is then compared to the standard IPA-based process. Despite the non-usage of solvents, the substrates show similar particles level, defectivity and epi-g

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18

Sahu, S., Y. Hardalupas, and A. M. K. P. Taylor. "Interaction of droplet dispersion and evaporation in a polydispersed spray." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 846 (May 3, 2018): 37–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2018.247.

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The interaction between droplet dispersion and evaporation in an acetone spray evaporating under ambient conditions is experimentally studied with an aim to understand the physics behind the spatial correlation between the local vapour mass fraction and droplets. The influence of gas-phase turbulence and droplet–gas slip velocity of such correlations is examined, while the focus is on the consequence of droplet clustering on collective evaporation of droplet clouds. Simultaneous and planar measurements of droplet size, velocity and number density, and vapour mass fraction around the droplets,

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19

Pandey, Prachi, and Samarth Kumar. "INFLUENCE OF INTERACTION OF MILK FAT ON RELEASE, CHARACTERISTICS AND ABSORPTION OF THEOPHYLLINE." Indian Drugs 59, no. 01 (2022): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.59.01.12239.

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Considerable evidence that drug bioavailability is influenced by food, in conjunction with the poor and erratic bioavailability of sparingly soluble drugs, serve as a stimulus in the research field for examining new formulations that may provide more consistent absorption. The in vitro and in vivo availability of freeze dried and spray dried drug-milk products were studied under “high-fat meal” conditions. In vitro drug release profile showed that though the freeze-dried product released the maximum drug, release was sporadic. Spray dried product increased the drug release but lesser than free

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20

Zhao, Xiang Di, Hong Li Xu, and Xi Shi Wang. "Numerical Study on the Interaction of Water Mist with a Fire Plume." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 1730–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.1730.

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A numerical study on the interaction of water mist with a fire plume was conducted using FLUENT software. The effects of different mist characteristics, such as droplet size and spray intensity, was considered in this simulation. The fire plume temperature history and velocity field were investigated. The results show that with a certain droplet size of water mist, the extinguishing time will be shorter when the mass flow of water increases, but this effect is no longer distinct after the mass flow of water mist increased to a critical value.

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21

J. JADER, JASSIM, HAIDER T. HUSSEIN, and ZAID J. HASHEM. "Response of some vegetative growth, yield and yield components characters of cotton for Absicic acid spraying under effect of water stress." Journal of Kerbala for Agricultural Sciences 5, no. 4 (2018): 67–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.59658/jkas.v5i4.175.

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Field experiment was carried out in Babylon / AL-Musseib during (2017) season to study the effect of leaves spraying with Multiple ABA concentrations on some characters of vegetative growth and yield of Lashata cotton cultivar under the effect of water stress. Randomized Complete Block Design was used with three replicates according to split plot arrangement. The study included four irrigation periods ( 10,15, 20, 25 days) between each irrigation time ( Main Plots ) while ABA spray concentrations (0,40,80,120) μM occupy the ( Sub plots ). The results showed presence of significant differ

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22

Barman, Shambhunath, Nilkanta Barman, Achintya Mukhopadhyay, and Swarnendu Sen. "Analytical Prediction of Thermal Behaviour during Cooling of a Hot Steel Strip." Advanced Materials Research 585 (November 2012): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.585.19.

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The present work predicts the thermal behavior of a hot steel strip analytically where the strip is cooled with water spray. The cooling process is represented by a steady 2-D energy conservation equation. An effective heat transfer coefficient is considered to represent the water spray and the strip surface heat interaction. The solution considers the separation of variables method with appropriate boundary conditions. Finally, the work involves quick evolution of temperature variation in the strip. It is found that the present analytical prediction agrees well with numerical prediction.

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23

Andreas, Edgar L., and Larry Mahrt. "On the Prospects for Observing Spray-Mediated Air–Sea Transfer in Wind–Water Tunnels." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 73, no. 1 (2015): 185–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-15-0083.1.

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Abstract Nature is wild, unconstrained, and often dangerous. In particular, studying air–sea interaction in winds typical of tropical cyclones can place researchers, their instruments, and even their research platforms in jeopardy. As an alternative, laboratory wind–water tunnels can probe 10-m equivalent winds of hurricane strength under conditions that are well constrained and place no personnel or equipment at risk. Wind–water tunnels, however, cannot simulate all aspects of air–sea interaction in high winds. The authors use here the comprehensive data from the Air–Sea Interaction Salt Wate

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24

Ter-Avetisyan, S., B. Ramakrishna, M. Borghesi, et al. "MeV negative ion generation from ultra-intense laser interaction with a water spray." Applied Physics Letters 99, no. 5 (2011): 051501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3622664.

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25

Hua, Jinsong, Kurichi Kumar, Boo Cheong Khoo, and Hong Xue. "A numerical study of the interaction of water spray with a fire plume." Fire Safety Journal 37, no. 7 (2002): 631–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0379-7112(02)00026-7.

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Zhu, P., X. S. Wang, G. C. Li, et al. "Experimental study on interaction of water mist spray with high-velocity gas jet." Fire Safety Journal 93 (October 2017): 60–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2017.08.005.

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Liao, Guangxuan, Jianghong Liu, Jun Qin, and Bin Yao. "Experimental study on the interaction of fine water spray with liquid pool fires." Journal of Thermal Science 10, no. 4 (2001): 377–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11630-001-0047-0.

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Slayzak, S. J., R. Viskanta, and F. P. Incropera. "Effects of Interactions Between Adjoining Rows of Circular, Free-Surface Jets on Local Heat Transfer From the Impingement Surface." Journal of Heat Transfer 116, no. 1 (1994): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2910888.

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Experiments have been conducted to obtain single-phase local heat transfer coefficient distributions associated with impingement of one or two rows of circular, free-surface water jets on a constant heat flux surface. The nozzle diameter, the centerline-to-centerline distance between nozzles in a row, and the nozzle-to-heater separation distance were fixed at 4.9, 6.3, and 89.7 mm, respectively. Two row-to-row separations (81 and 51 mm) were considered, and nozzle discharge Reynolds numbers were varied over the range from 16,800 to 30,400. The interaction zone created by opposing wall jets fro

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29

Sun, Jialei, Wenjing Cai, Yu Wang, Haiyue Niu, Xi Chen, and Xue Han. "The Effect of Decreased Ca++/Mg++ ATPase Activity on Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus sp1.1 Survival during Spray Drying." Foods 12, no. 4 (2023): 787. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12040787.

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Compared with the commonly used technique of freeze-drying, spray drying has lower energy costs. However, spray drying also has a fatal disadvantage: a lower survival rate. In this study, the survival of bacteria in a spray-drying tower decreased as the water content was reduced. The water content of 21.10% was the critical point for spray drying Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (L. bulgaricus) sp1.1 based on sampling in the tower. Based on the relationship between the moisture content of spray drying and the survival rate, the water content of 21.10% was also the critical point for

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Yang, Tie Xin, He Ming Cheng, Jian Yun Li, Si Qing Zhou, and Ji Feng Dai. "Analysis of the Significant Influence Factors of Spray Quenching Process." Advanced Materials Research 1082 (December 2014): 182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1082.182.

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In order to study thecharacteristics of this new type of quenching process that is atomized waterspray quenching, this article analyzes the influence factors of atomized waterspray quenching based on the newly developed aerosol spray quenching experimentdevice. Based on 2 method, the two factors of water flow and nitrogen pressureare controllable, we analyzed the influences of the two factors of nitrogenpressure and water flow to the quenching cooling time. This paper induces andanalyses the experiment results and numerical calculation results[1]. The conclusions are: water flow is the main fa

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31

Anisiuba, Vitalis, Haibo Ma, Armin Silaen, and Chenn Zhou. "Computational Studies of Air-Mist Spray Cooling in Continuous Casting." Energies 14, no. 21 (2021): 7339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14217339.

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Due to the significant reduction in water droplet size caused by the strong air-water interaction in the spray nozzle, air-mist spray is one of the promising technologies for achieving high-rate heat transfer. This study numerically analyzed air-mist spray produced by a flat-fan atomizer using three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulations, and a multivariable linear regression was used to develop a correlation to predict the heat transfer coefficient using the casting operating conditions such as air-pressure, water flow rate, casting speed, and standoff distance. A four-step simu

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Sun, Liying, Shaocheng Ge, Xi Chen, and Shuo Liu. "Study on Atomization and Dust Reduction Mechanisms of AEO-9-Charged Solution." Energies 16, no. 6 (2023): 2800. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16062800.

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To effectively improve the dust reduction rate of fine dust and prevent the occurrence of secondary dust, surfactant-charged water mist dust reduction technology is proposed. First, the water mist induction-charged atomization mechanism was perfected by an induction-charged spray experiment and the optimal atomization-charged voltage was determined to be 10 kV. Second, by surface tension and spray experiments on AEO-9-charged solutions, the lower the surface tension and viscosity of the solution, the better the atomization effect; the best atomization solution was 10 kV and 0.02% AEO-9. Finall

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Melo, Thiago Lima, Carlos Gilberto Raetano, Moizés Silva Nery, et al. "50 MANAGEMENT OF COFFEE LEAF MINER: SPRAY VOLUME, EFFICACY OF CARTAP HYDROCHLORIDE AND IMPACT ON PARASITISM." Coffee Science 14, no. 2 (2019): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.25186/cs.v14i2.1582.

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The leaf miner is a key pest of coffee and the use of insecticides for its control results in high water consumption. The objective in this study was to evaluate the quali-quantitative aspects of reduced spray volumes with and without the addition of adjuvant, the efficacy of the insecticide cartap hydrochloride in the control of the pest and its effects on the parasitism. Two experiments were carried out in coffee plantations in São Desiderio, BA. Initially, solution of Brilliant Blue tracer (0.15% p v-1) of the 43, 112, 146 and 309 L ha-1 volumes was sprayed with and without the soybean oil

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Abdulameer, Ali Sabeeh. "Effect of time factor, spray feeding of Copper and Iron in the relation between the number of bacterial root nodules and leaves of Bean." Journal of Biotechnology Research Center 5, no. 3 (2011): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24126/jobrc.2011.5.3.183.

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pot experiment was carried out during the spring season in the year 2008 to investigate the effect of the time factor, spray feeding of copper and Iron on the relation between the number of nodules and leaves of Beans. The statistical analysis showed that spray feeding of copper and Iron exceed significantly on the control treatment (water spray feeding), also, the spray feeding of Iron after 20 days of seeding excelled significantly on the spray feeding of Iron after 30 days of seeding, as well as the Spanish type of seed surpassed significantly on the Brazilian kind of seed in the number of

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Tianshui, Liang, Liu Mengjie, Wei Xinli, and Zhong Wei. "An Experimental Study on the Interaction of Water Mist with Vertical/Horizontal Spray Flame." Procedia Engineering 84 (2014): 543–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.10.466.

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Loreto, F., M. C. Villania, M. Centritto, S. Delfine, and A. Alvino. "INTERACTION BETWEEN WATER STRESS AND METHANOL SPRAY ON FIELD-GROWN PEPPER (Capsicum annuum L.)." Acta Horticulturae, no. 537 (October 2000): 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2000.537.28.

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Schweigert, David, Björn Damson, Hartmut Lüders, Marion Börnhorst, and Olaf Deutschmann. "Heat transfer during spray/wall interaction with urea water solution: An experimental parameter study." International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow 78 (August 2019): 108432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2019.108432.

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Piras, M., L. Marchitto, and C. Tornatore. "Supercritical water injection in a single cylinder research engine: a PIV study." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2590, no. 1 (2023): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2590/1/012007.

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Abstract This work presents the experimental results of a fluid dynamic investigation to characterize the injection of supercritical water in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) analysis is carried out in an optically accessible 2-stroke Diesel engine. A prechamber, equipped with two optical accesses is connected to the main cylinder through a tangential duct so that the piston stroke induces a swirled motion field with angular velocities typical of light duty engines for automotive application. The engine is equipped with an injection syst

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Wang, Bo, Yan Huang, and Yi Chao Yuan. "Modeling Spray Formed by Spring Nozzle Using Volume-of-Fluid Method." Advanced Materials Research 354-355 (October 2011): 499–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.354-355.499.

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Spring nozzles are widely used in deaerators. The spray issued from a spring nozzle was studied numerically with an adapted volume of fluid method combined with a continuous surface force model to capture the gas–liquid interface dynamics. The present analysis focuses on the formation of a water film and the generation of droplets near the spring nozzle outlet. The numerical simulation results show that the water film breaks up to droplets at the location 20~25cm from the nozzle exit vertically. The vortical structures are formed due to the interaction between the liquid film and the surroundi

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Blecich, Paolo, and Igor Wolf. "Numerical Investigation of Heat and Mass Transfer Inside a Wet Cooling Tower." Tehnički glasnik 12, no. 3 (2018): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31803/tg-20171017145907.

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This paper presents a numerical investigation of heat and mass transfer inside a wet cooling tower with forced air draft, which find application in energy process industries and oil refineries. The mathematical model consists of mass, momentum and energy conservation equations, water droplet trajectories and their interaction with the gas phase, the computational domain and boundary conditions. Numerical distributions of air velocity, air temperatures, water vapor fractions and evaporation rates are shown and discussed. The wet cooling tower achieves an efficiency of around 80%, which can be i

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Vongsurakrai, Varatus, and Saiyavit Varavinit. "Effect of Nano Silicon Dioxide on Tablet Properties of Rice Starch." Advanced Materials Research 93-94 (January 2010): 679–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.93-94.679.

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Starch-colloidal silicon dioxide mixtures (Era-Tab SP® ) was prepared by co-spray drying and dry mixing methods and the flow ability and tablet properties of both methods were compared in particular with spray dried rice starch (SNR) alone. In co-spray drying, various percentages of rice starch and colloidal silicon dioxide blends were suspended in distilled water and subjected to spray dryer. The dry mixing method was obtained by blending of the colloidal silicon dioxide and spray dried rice starch at various percentages. It was found that co-spray drying of starch-colloidal silicon dioxide m

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Nascimento, Viviane Pereira do, and Edney Leandro da Vitória. "Spraying quality using unmanned aerial vehicle in citrus." Revista Engenharia na Agricultura - REVENG 30 (July 27, 2022): 214–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.13083/reveng.v30i1.13700.

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This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the operating flight height of an unmanned aerial vehicle with different spray tip rotations on the parameters of droplet coverage, density and volumetric median diameter of the sprayed droplets, in acid lime culture ´Tahiti’. The experiment was performed in randomized blocks design, with repetition within the block, in a factorial system (3x2), with four repetitions. Three planting lines were selected for each treatment. The two outer lines were used as borders and the central one for evaluation. In each treatment, one plant was selected from the pla

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Patnaik, Girija Prasad, V. Monisha, N. Thavaprakaash, et al. "Selenium Application Improves Drought Tolerance during Reproductive Phase of Rice." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (2023): 2730. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032730.

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Rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain yield is reduced by drought stress during reproductive stages. In this work, the effects of foliar selenium (Se) spray on the reduction of drought stress are measured and the most critical stage of rice is identified. Three field experiments were carried out. In experiments I and II, the sensitive stage was determined by imposing drought stress at the panicle initiation and flowering stages by withholding irrigation for 10, 15, 20, and 25 days. In experiment III, drought stress was induced by depriving plants of moisture for 20 or 25 days. Se spray was then applied

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Venkatachalam, Palaniappan, Srikrishna Sahu, and Kameswararao Anupindi. "Numerical investigation on the role of a mixer on spray impingement and mixing in channel cross-stream airflow." Physics of Fluids 34, no. 3 (2022): 033316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0083960.

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The present study numerically investigates the influence of introducing a spin-type mixer and different angular orientations of the mixer blades on the spray-wall interaction and mixing, following cross-stream injection of a pulsed spray into airflow in a circular duct. This is relevant to the Selective Catalytic Reduction system in diesel engines for exhaust gas after-treatment. The spin-type static mixer is located downstream of the injector and generates a swirling airflow in the duct. All simulations were carried out using ANSYS Fluent V18.0. The standard k– ω model is used to simulate the

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45

Simão, Luana M., Amanda C. Easterly, Greg R. Kruger, and Cody F. Creech. "Herbicide Spray Deposition in Wheat Stubble as Affected by Nozzle Type and Application Direction." Agronomy 10, no. 10 (2020): 1507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10101507.

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Tall wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) stubble can enhance soil water conservation during the fallow-period by trapping snow and decreasing evaporation. However, standing wheat stubble can intercept herbicide spray droplets before they reach their intended targets. This experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of three wheat stubble heights (>70 cm, 35 cm, and no-stubble), four nozzle types (XR, TTJ, AIXR, and TTI), and three application directions (angular (45°), perpendicular (90°), and parallel (0°) to the wheat row) on a spray deposition of glyphosate and a dicamba tank mixture. The ranking

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46

Thomson, Steven James. "Evaluation of a solid stream radial nozzle on fixed-wing aircraft, for penetration of spray within a soybean canopy." Journal of Plant Protection Research 54, no. 1 (2014): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jppr-2014-0015.

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Abstract Experiments were conducted to evaluate the Accu-Flo multiple orifice nozzle for penetration of spray into a soybean (Glycine max L.) canopy by comparing results to those from a popular straight stream nozzle and rotary atomizer. A mixture of water + Induce® adjuvant was applied at three different spray release heights in a random sequence, using an Air Tractor 402-B agricultural aircraft. Sampler stands were placed at twenty-four locations in the field. Water sensitive paper (WSP) cards were clipped onto rigid stands just above the canopy and 30 cm off the ground within the canopy. We

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47

Liu, Meilin, Yangpeng Liu, Huazhong Sun, Jian Hu, and Xishi Wang. "Experimental study on the interaction of water mist spray with two buoyant non-premixed flames." Process Safety and Environmental Protection 161 (May 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2022.03.011.

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48

Nimmagadda, Naga Venkata Rakesh, Lokeswara Rao Polisetty, and Anantha Subramanian Vaidyanatha Iyer. "Simulation of Air–Water Interface Effects for High-speed Planing Hull." Journal of Marine Science and Application 19, no. 3 (2020): 398–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11804-020-00172-0.

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Abstract High-speed planing crafts have successfully evolved through developments in the last several decades. Classical approaches such as inviscid potential flow–based methods and the empirically based Savitsky method provide general understanding for practical design. However, sometimes such analyses suffer inaccuracies since the air–water interface effects, especially in the transition phase, are not fully accounted for. Hence, understanding the behaviour at the transition speed is of fundamental importance for the designer. The fluid forces in planing hulls are dominated by phenomena such

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49

Ayala, Eduardo, Diego Rivera, Julio Ronceros, Nikolai Vinces, and Gustavo Ronceros. "Design of a Cryogenic Duplex Pressure-Swirl Atomizer through CFDs for the Cold Conservation of Marine Products." Fluids 8, no. 10 (2023): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids8100271.

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The following article proposes the design of a bi-centrifugal atomizer that allows the interaction of sprays from two fluids (water and liquid nitrogen). The liquid nitrogen (LN2) is below −195.8 °C, a temperature low enough for the nitrogen, upon contact with the atomized water, to cause heat loss and bring it to its freezing point. The objective is to convert the water droplets present in the spray into ice. Upon falling, the ice particles can be dispersed, covering the largest possible area of the seafood products intended for cold preservation. All these phenomena related to the interactio

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Farag, A. A., M. A. A. Abdrabbo, Z. Y. Maharik, and Rasha El-Morshedy. "Water Footprint for Garlic under Irrigation Levels and Agrispon Application." International Letters of Natural Sciences 84 (December 22, 2021): 12–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.84.12.

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Field experiment was conducted in Giza, Egypt, during two growing seasons of 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 on garlic crop, with the objective of investigating the effect of different irrigation levels (60, 80 and 100 % of water requirements and their combination with the foliar spraying applications of agrispon (with 0.5 and 1.0 ml/ liter) on growth and yield. The results indicated that increased irrigation level up to 100% led to increased vegetative characters of garlic and that the lowest growth and productivity was obtained by 60% irrigation level. When considering spray application of agrispon;

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