Bibliografie tematiche / Wind velocity, wind measurement

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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Wind velocity, wind measurement"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 1 febbraio 2022

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Wind velocity, wind measurement"

Kume, Kenichi, Hiroki Ohba, Hideo Orihara e Shuji Mizokami. "Wind Velocity Profile and Representative Wind Velocity for Wind Resistance Measurement of Ship Models". Journal of the Japan Society of Naval Architects and Ocean Engineers 30 (2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2534/jjasnaoe.30.1.

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Conley, Stephen A., Ian C. Faloona, Donald H. Lenschow, Anna Karion e Colm Sweeney. "A Low-Cost System for Measuring Horizontal Winds from Single-Engine Aircraft". Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 31, n. 6 (1 giugno 2014): 1312–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-13-00143.1.

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Abstract The implementation and accuracy of a low-rate (~1 Hz) horizontal wind measurement system is described for a fixed-wing aircraft without modification to the airframe. The system is based on a global positioning system (GPS) compass that provides aircraft heading and a ground-referenced velocity, which, when subtracted from the standard true airspeed, provides estimates of the horizontal wind velocity. A series of tests was performed flying “L”-shaped patterns above the boundary layer, where the winds were assumed to be horizontally homogeneous over the area bounded by the flight (approximately 25 km2). Four headings were flown at each altitude at a constant airspeed. Scaling corrections for both heading and airspeed were found by minimizing the variance in the 1-s wind measurements; an upper limit to the error was then computed by calculating the variance of the corrected wind measurements on each of the four headings. A typical uncertainty found in this manner tends to be less than 0.2 m s−1. The measurement system described herein is inexpensive and relatively easy to implement on single-engine aircraft.

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Wang, Tian, Yunbo Shi, Xiaoyu Yu, Guangdong Lan e Congning Liu. "Novel strategy for wide-range wind vector measurement using the hybrid CP/CTD heating mode and sequential measuring and correcting". PLOS ONE 16, n. 7 (8 luglio 2021): e0254256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254256.

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To improve the performance of wind sensors in the high velocity range, this paper proposes a wind measurement strategy for thermal wind velocity sensors that combines the constant power and constant temperature difference driving modes of the heating element. Based on the airflow distribution characteristics from fluid dynamics, sequential measurement and correction is proposed as a method of measuring wind direction. In addition, a wind velocity and direction measurement instrument was developed using the above-mentioned approaches. The test results showed that the proposed instrument can obtain large dynamic wind velocity measurements from 0 to 60 m/s. The wind velocity measurement accuracy was ±0.5 m/s in the common velocity range of 0–20 m/s and ±1 m/s in the high velocity range of 20–60 m/s. The wind direction accuracy was ±3° throughout the 360° range. The proposed approaches and instrument are not only practical but also capable of meeting the requirements of wide-range and large dynamic wind vector measurement applications.

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González-Rocha, Javier, Stephan F. J. De Wekker, Shane D. Ross e Craig A. Woolsey. "Wind Profiling in the Lower Atmosphere from Wind-Induced Perturbations to Multirotor UAS". Sensors 20, n. 5 (29 febbraio 2020): 1341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20051341.

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We present a model-based approach to estimate the vertical profile of horizontal wind velocity components using motion perturbations of a multirotor unmanned aircraft system (UAS) in both hovering and steady ascending flight. The state estimation framework employed for wind estimation was adapted to a set of closed-loop rigid body models identified for an off-the-shelf quadrotor. The quadrotor models used for wind estimation were characterized for hovering and steady ascending flight conditions ranging between 0 and 2 m/s. The closed-loop models were obtained using system identification algorithms to determine model structures and estimate model parameters. The wind measurement method was validated experimentally above the Virginia Tech Kentland Experimental Aircraft Systems Laboratory by comparing quadrotor and independent sensor measurements from a sonic anemometer and two SoDAR instruments. Comparison results demonstrated quadrotor wind estimation in close agreement with the independent wind velocity measurements. However, horizontal wind velocity profiles were difficult to validate using time-synchronized SoDAR measurements. Analysis of the noise intensity and signal-to-noise ratio of the SoDARs proved that close-proximity quadrotor operations can corrupt wind measurement from SoDARs, which has not previously been reported.

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Garman, K. E., K. A. Hill, P. Wyss, M. Carlsen, J. R. Zimmerman, B. H. Stirm, T. Q. Carney, R. Santini e P. B. Shepson. "An Airborne and Wind Tunnel Evaluation of a Wind Turbulence Measurement System for Aircraft-Based Flux Measurements*". Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 23, n. 12 (1 dicembre 2006): 1696–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech1940.1.

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Abstract Although the ability to measure vertical eddy fluxes of gases from aircraft platforms represents an important capability to obtain spatially resolved data, accurate and reliable determination of the turbulent vertical velocity presents a great challenge. A nine-hole hemispherical probe known as the “Best Air Turbulence Probe” (often abbreviated as the “BAT Probe”) is frequently used in aircraft-based flux studies to sense the airflow angles and velocity relative to the aircraft. Instruments such as inertial navigation and global positioning systems allow the measured airflow to be converted into the three-dimensional wind velocity relative to the earth’s surface by taking into account the aircraft’s velocity and orientation. Calibration of the aircraft system has previously been performed primarily through in-flight experiments, where calibration coefficients were determined by performing various flight maneuvers. However, a rigorous test of the BAT Probe in a wind tunnel has not been previously undertaken. The authors summarize the results of a complement of low-speed wind tunnel tests and in-flight calibrations for the aircraft–BAT Probe combination. Two key factors are addressed in this paper: The first is the correction of systematic error arising from airflow measurements with a noncalibrated BAT Probe. The second is the instrumental precision in measuring the vertical component of wind from the integrated aircraft-based wind measurement system. The wind tunnel calibration allows one to ascertain the extent to which the BAT Probe airflow measurements depart from a commonly used theoretical potential flow model and to correct for systematic errors that would be present if only the potential flow model were used. The precision in the determined vertical winds was estimated by propagating the precision of the BAT Probe data (determined from the wind tunnel study) and the inertial measurement precision (determined from in-flight tests). The precision of the vertical wind measurement for spatial scales larger than approximately 2 m is independent of aircraft flight speed over the range of airspeeds studied, and the 1σ precision is approximately 0.03 m s−1.

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Medvedev, Andrey V., Konstantin G. Ratovsky, Maxim V. Tolstikov, Roman V. Vasilyev e Maxim F. Artamonov. "Method for Determining Neutral Wind Velocity Vectors Using Measurements of Internal Gravity Wave Group and Phase Velocities". Atmosphere 10, n. 9 (13 settembre 2019): 546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10090546.

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This study presents a new method for determining a neutral wind velocity vector. The basis of the method is measurement of the group velocities of internal gravity waves. Using the case of the Boussinesq dispersion relation, we demonstrated the ability to measure a neutral wind velocity vector using the group velocity and wave vector data. An algorithm for obtaining the group velocity vector from the wave vector spectrum is proposed. The new method was tested by comparing the obtained winter wind pattern with wind data from other sources. Testing the new method showed that it is in quantitative agreement with the Fabry–Pérot interferometer wind measurements for zonal and vertical wind velocities. The differences in meridional wind velocities are also discussed here. Of particular interest were the results related to the measurement of vertical wind velocities. We demonstrated that two independent methods gave the presence of vertical wind velocities with amplitude of ~20 m/s. Estimation of vertical wind contribution to plasma drift velocity indicated the importance of vertical wind measurements and the need to take them into account in physical and empirical models of the ionosphere and thermosphere.

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Park, Soojin, Sang-Woo Kim, Moon-Soo Park e Chang-Keun Song. "Measurement of Planetary Boundary Layer Winds with Scanning Doppler Lidar". Remote Sensing 10, n. 8 (10 agosto 2018): 1261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10081261.

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The accurate measurement of wind profiles in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) is important not only for numerical weather prediction, but also for air quality modeling. Two wind retrieval methods using scanning Doppler light detection and ranging (lidar) measurements were compared and validated with simultaneous radiosonde soundings. A comparison with 17 radiosonde sounding profiles showed that the sine-fitting method was able to retrieve a larger number of data points, but the singular value decomposition method showed significantly smaller bias (0.57 m s−1) and root-mean-square error (1.75 m s−1) with radiosonde soundings. Increasing the averaging time interval of radial velocity for obtaining velocity azimuth display scans to 15 min resulted in better agreement with radiosonde soundings due to the signal averaging effect on noise. Simultaneous measurements from collocated wind Doppler lidar and aerosol Mie-scattering lidar revealed the temporal evolution of PBL winds and the vertical distribution of aerosols within the PBL.

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Ogasawara, Toshinori, e Takashi Yasuda. "Mass Flux and Vertical Distribution of Currents Caused by Strong Winds in a Wave Tank". Journal of Physical Oceanography 34, n. 12 (1 dicembre 2004): 2712–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo2659.1.

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Abstract The velocity fields of wind-driven currents under strong winds were measured in a wind-wave tank with a double bottom. The tank has the characteristics to satisfy partially the continuity of the mass flux and to reduce return-flow effects on the currents. The lower part of the double-bottom tank functions as a duct to circulate the currents, allowing the measurement of the return-flow velocity. The velocity measurements were made on the currents just below the mean water level by using a high-resolution particle image velocimetry (PIV) system and tracking floats and on the currents inside of the duct by using a normal PIV system. Thus, accurate data of the vertical distribution and mass flux of the currents driven by strong winds were obtained from the PIV data. As a result, it is found that the flux in the surface layer with the thickness of 2 times the significant wave height amounts to about 30% of the total mass flux of the currents driven by strong winds with a reference wind speed of 12.0 m s−1.

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Wilhelm, Paul, Michael Eggert, Julia Hornig e Stefan Oertel. "High Spatial and Temporal Resolution Bistatic Wind Lidar". Applied Sciences 11, n. 16 (19 agosto 2021): 7602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167602.

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The high-resolution bistatic lidar developed at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) aims to overcome the limitations of conventional monostatic lidar technology, which is widely used for wind velocity measurements in wind energy and meteorology applications. Due to the large measurement volume of a combined optical transmitter and receiver tilting in multiple directions, monostatic lidar generally has poor spatial and temporal resolution. It also exhibits large measurement uncertainty when operated in inhomogeneous flow; for instance, over complex terrain. In contrast, PTB’s bistatic lidar uses three dedicated receivers arranged around a central transmitter, resulting in an exceptionally small measurement volume. The coherent detection and modulation schemes used allow the detection of backscattered, Doppler shifted light down to the scale of single aerosols, realising the simultaneous measurement of all three wind velocity components. This paper outlines the design details and theory of operation of PTB’s bistatic lidar and provides an overview of selected comparative measurements. The results of these measurements show that the measurement uncertainty of PTB’s bistatic lidar is well within the measurement uncertainty of traditional cup anemometers while being fully independent of its site and traceable to the SI units. This allows its use as a transfer standard for the calibration of other remote sensing devices. Overall, PTB’s bistatic lidar shows great potential to improve the capability and accuracy of wind velocity measurements, such as for the investigation of highly dynamic flow processes upstream and in the wake of wind turbines.

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Gordienko, Vyacheslav M., e Yu Ya Putivskii. "Coherent Doppler TEA CO2lidar for wind velocity measurement". Quantum Electronics 24, n. 3 (31 marzo 1994): 266–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/qe1994v024n03abeh000068.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Wind velocity, wind measurement"

Weiss, Austin M. "REMOVING VEHICLE SPEED FROM APPARENT WIND VELOCITY". UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/bae_etds/67.

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Variable-rate technologies for sprayer applications stand to increase efficacy by ensuring the right amount of chemical is applied at the right location. However, external environmental factors such as droplet drift caused by variable ambient condition, are not yet integrated into modern sprayer systems. Real-time wind velocity measurements can be used to control droplet spectra for reducing spray drift by actuating a variable-orifice nozzle. This work aimed to develop data processing methods needed to filter noise and remove vehicle speed from wind velocity measurements collected with an ultrasonic anemometer aboard a moving platform. Using a global navigation satellite system (GNSS), vehicle speed was calculated in the field and subtracted from apparent wind velocity for comparison to static measurements. Experiments under stationary and dynamic sensor deployments were used to develop an algorithm to provide instantaneous local wind velocity and to better understand the local spatiotemporal variability of wind under field conditions.

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Schönfeldt, Hans-Jürgen. "Systematische Überschätzung der Windgeschwindigkeit und der Schubspannungsgeschwindigkeit durch Schalensternanemometer infolge der Turbulenz". Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-217478.

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Die mittlere Windgeschwindigkeit kann aus den Komponenten der Geschwindigkeit (Vektorwind) und aus dem Windweg eines Schalensternanemometers (Skalarwind) berechnet werden. Diese beiden Geschwindigkeiten werden verglichen, indem große Datensätze von Windmeßreihen hoher Auflösung, die mittels Ultraschallanemometer gewonnen wurden, benutzt werden. Der Skalarwind ist verursacht durch die Turbulenz immer größer als der Vektorwind, die Abweichungen betrugen bis zu 4%. Durch Benutzen von Normalverteilungen für die Komponenten des Windes wird eine analytische Lösung für diesen systematischen Fehler angegeben. Windmessungen mit einem Schalensternanemometer zeigen einen zweiten systematischen Fehler, das sogenannte Overspeeding. Dieses Verhalten wird durch ein einfaches Modell beschrieben
Mean wind velocity can be calculated from the components of velocity (vector wind) and the wind way of a cup anemometer (scalar wind). The wind velocities resulting from different definitions of mean wind velocities are compared by using large dataset of fast-response wind measurements with an ultrasonic anemometer. It is found that the scalar wind is always greater then the vector wind up to 4% owing to the turbulence. Using Gaussian normal distribution for the components of wind velocity, an analytical solution is given for this systematic error. Wind velocity measured with cup anemometer shows second systematic error called overspeeding which is described by a simple mathematical model

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Gordon, Robert. "Advanced 2-D and 3-D particle velocimetry techniques for quantitative fluid flow visualisation in real-time". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262919.

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The aim of this study was to develop and implement a low cost, high speed, flow visualisation tool for 3-D velocity measurement throughout time dependent particle seeded fluid flow volumes. To achieve this, a new high performance wind / water tunnel was designed and constructed using CFD as a design aid. The tunnel provided the necessary platform for obtaining consistent high quality images of fluid flow. Images were grabbed using low cost CCD cameras and downloaded via a PC mounted image capture board, to system RAM. The conventional high cost laser sheet illumination method was replaced with a low cost, portable floodlight system, which enabled both 2-D and 3-D flow volumes to be illuminated. For the 3-D image capture, stereo photogrammetric techniques were employed. Advanced calibration algorithms were developed which automatically detected camera positioning. This reduced the inherent human error associated with setting-up a complex imaging system. 2-D pattern matching and particle tracking algorithms were developed, optimised and tested using real and synthetically generated flow data, to establish practical limits for particle seeding density, particle image size, flow velocity and flow complexity. These results demonstrated that particle tracking was more suited to real-time 3-D applications. The developed algorithms formed the base of a Windows 95/Windows NT package for general purpose analysis of 2-D and 3-D single exposure image streams of particle seeded fluid flow.

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Tourn, Cremona Silvana Cecilia. "Characterization of a New Open Jet Wind Tunnel to Optimize and Test Vertical Axis Wind Turbines". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461079.

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Basat en el creixent interès en les tecnologies ambientals urbanes, l'estudi de turinas d'eix vertical de petita escala mostra desafiaments motivadors. En aquesta tesi, es presenten els criteris de disseny, les característiques i potencialitats d'un nou túnel de vent de secció de prova oberta. Té un àrea de sortida i la broquet del túnel de 1,5 x 1,5 m2, i es pot operar amb velocitats de sortida de 3 m / s a 17 m / s. La caracterització del flux s'ha dut a terme amb tubs pitot calibrats, anemòmetres de cassoletes i anemòmetres de fil calent. Es consideren dues configuracions diferents de l'àrea de prova, amb i sense sostre. Els mesuraments en el rang de velocitats de sortida disponibles mostren que la secció transversal, on les intensitats de velocitat i turbulència mostren un nivell acceptable d'uniformitat, té una àrea de 0,8 x 0,8 m2 i una dimensió de 2 m des de la sortida del broquet del túnel. En aquesta secció de treball, la intensitat màxima de la turbulència és del 4%. La caracterització detallada del flux realitzat indica que el túnel de vent es pot utilitzar per provar models a d'aerogeneradors de petita escala.
Basado en el creciente interés en las tecnologías ambientales urbanas, el estudio de turinas de eje vertical de pequeña escala muestra desafíos motivadores. En esta tesis, se presentan los criterios de diseño, las características y potencialidades de un nuevo túnel de viento de seccion de prueba abierta. Tiene un área de salida e la boquilla del túnel de 1,5 x 1,5 m2, y se puede operar con velocidades de salida de 3 m/s a 17 m/s. La caracterización del flujo se ha llevado a cabo con tubos pitot calibrados, anemómetros de cazoletas y anemómetros de hilo caliente. Se consideran dos configuraciones diferentes del área de prueba, con y sin techo. Las mediciones en el rango de velocidades de salida disponibles muestran que la sección transversal, donde las intensidades de velocidad y turbulencia muestran un nivel aceptable de uniformidad, tiene un área de 0,8 x 0,8 m2 y una dimensión de 2 m desde la salida de la boquilla del túnel. En esta sección de trabajo, la intensidad máxima de la turbulencia es del 4%. La caracterización detallada del flujo realizado indica que el túnel de viento se puede utilizar para probar modelos a de aerogeneradores de pequeña escala.
Based on the increasing interest in urban environmental technologies, the study of small scale vertical axis wind turbines shows motivating challenges. In this thesis, we present the design criteria, characteristics and potentials of a new open jet wind tunnel. It has a nozzle exit area of 1.5 x1.5 m2, and it can be operated with exit velocities from 3 m/s to 17 m/s. The characterization of the flow has been carried out with calibrated pitot tubes, cup anemometers, and hot wire anemometers. Two different configurations of the test area, with and without a ceiling, are considered. Measurements in the range of available exit velocities show that the cross section, where the velocity and turbulence intensities show an acceptable level of uniformity, has an area of 0.8 x 0.8 m2 and a streamwise dimension of 2 m from the nozzle exit of the tunnel. In this working section, the maximum turbulence intensity is 4%. The detailed characterization of the flow carried out indicates that the wind tunnel can be used to test small scale models of wind turbines.

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Jacobi, Christoph, Rudolf Schminder e Dierk Kürschner. "D1 LF wind measurements in autumn and early winter 1994 at Collm, Germany". Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-213054.

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Results of total reflection mesopause wind measurements, carried out at the Collm Observatory of the University of Leipzig in 1994 are presented with special regard to the CRISTA period in November 1994. Height-time cross-sections of the prevailing wind and the semidiumal tidal amplitude and phase show the variation of these parameters during the course of the year. In autumn and early winter oscillations of the prevailing wind with a period of about 2 - 3 weeks are found. They are partly due to an overshooting of the parameters while the circulation adjusts to its winter conditions. A comparison of the zonal prevailing wind in 1994 with the values measured since 1982 shows a solar cycle dependence
Ergebnisse von Windmessungen in der Mesopausenregion mit Hilfe der Reflexion von Funkwellen, die am Observatorium Collm der Universität Leipzig durchgeführt wurden, werden vorgestellt, wobei besonderes Gewicht auf die Zeit der CRISTA-Satellitenmission im November 1994 gelegt wird. Höhen-Zeit-Schnitte des Grundwindes und der Amplitude des halbtägigen Gezeitenwindes zeigen die Änderung dieser Parameter im Lauf des Jahres. Im Herbst und frühen Winter werden Oszillationen mit Perioden von 2 - 3 Wochen festgestellt. Diese sind zu Teil durch ein Überschießen bedingt, daß mit der Anpassung an die Winterbedingungen zusammenhängt. Ein Vergleich des zonalen Grundwindes 1994 mit des Werten aus anderen Jahren gibt Hinweise auf eine Abhängigkeit von der solaren Aktivität

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Jacobi, Christoph. "Solar cycle dependence of winds and planetary waves as seen from midlatitude mesopause region wind measurements at Collm". Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-213432.

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Windmessungen im Mesopausenbereich über Mitteleuropa (Collm, 52°N, I5°E) werden im Hinblick auf Langzeittrends und eine eventuelle Abhängigkeit vom 11-jährigen Sonnenfleckenzyklus hin untersucht. Der Einfluß der solaren Variabilität ist jahreszeitenabhängig; nur in Frühjahr und Sommer wird eine signifikante Korrelation gefunden. Im Sommer ist diese Abhängigkeit mit stärkeren vertikalen Gradienten des mittleren zonalen Grundwindes im solaren Maximum verbunden. Dies weist auf einen Ursprung dieser Abhängigkeit in der Stratosphäre/Mesosphäre sowie auf Koppelungsmechanismen zwischen Stratosphäre, Mesosphäre und unteren Thermosphäre hin. Da die 2-Tage-Welle vom Gradienten abhängt, führt dies zu einer positiven Korrelation zwischen der Amplitude der 2-Tage-Welle und der Sonnenfleckenrelativzahl
Mesopause winds over Central Europe (Collm, 52°N, I5°E) are analysed with respect to longterm trends and 11-year solar cycle dependencies. The response of the prevailing wind to the solar cycle differs throughout the year. While in winter no significant correlation between the zonal prevailing wind and the solar activity is found, in spring and summer a negative correlation between solar activity and zonal prevailing wind can be seen from the measurements. This is connected with strenger vertical gradients of the zonal prevailing wind during solar maximum than during solar minimum. This hints to a forcing of the mesopause region dynamical reaction on solar activity from the stratosphere/mesosphere and to coupling processes in the stratosphere-mesosphere-lower thermosphere system. Since the amplitude of the quasi twoday wave is dependent on the zonal mean wind gradient, this is connected with a positive correlation between solar activity and quasi two-day wave activity

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Mesrobian, Chris Eden. "Concept Study of a High-Speed, Vertical Take-Off and Landing Aircraft". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35574.

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The purpose of the study was to evaluate the merits of the DiscRotor concept that combine the features of a retractable rotor system for vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) with an integral, circular wing for high-speed flight. Tests were conducted to generate basic aerodynamic characteristics of the DiscRotor in hover and in fixed-wing flight.

To assess the DiscRotor during hover, small scale tests were conducted on a 3ft diameter rotor without the presence of a fuselage. A â hover rigâ was constructed capable of rotating the model rotor at speeds up to 3,500 RPM to reach tip speeds of 500fps. Thrust and torque generated by the rotating model were measured via a two-component load cell, and time averaged values were obtained for various speeds and pitch angles. It has been shown that the DiscRotor will perform well in hover. Ground Effects in hover were examined by simulating the ground with a movable, solid wall. The thrust was found to increase by 50% compared to the ground-independent case. Pressure distributions were measured on the ground and disc surfaces. Velocity measurements examined the flow field downstream of the rotor by traversing a seven hole velocity probe. A wake behind the rotor was shown to contract due to a low pressure region that develops downstream of the disc.

Wind tunnel experimentation was also performed to examine the fixed wing flight of the DiscRotor. These experiments were performed in the VA Tech 6â X6â Stability Tunnel. A model of the fuselage and a circular wing was fabricated based upon an initial sizing study completed by our partners at Boeing. Forces were directly measured via a six degree of freedom load cell, or balance, for free stream velocities up to 200fps. Reynolds numbers of 2 and 0.5 million have been investigated for multiple angles of attack. Low lift-to-drag ratios were found placing high power requirements for the DiscRotor during fixed-wing flight. By traversing a seven-hole velocity probe, velocities in a 2-D grid perpendicular to the flow were measured on the model. The strengths of shed vortices from the model were calculated. A method to improve fixed-wing performance was considered where two blades were extended from the disc. An increase of 0.17 in the CL was measured due to the interaction between the disc and blades.

This research utilized a wide range of experiments, with the aim of generating basic aerodynamic characteristics of the DiscRotor. A substantial amount of quantitative data was collected that could not be included in this document. Results aided in the initial designs of this aircraft for the purpose of evaluating the merit of the DiscRotor concept.
Master of Science

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Schönfeldt, Hans-Jürgen. "Systematische Überschätzung der Windgeschwindigkeit und der Schubspannungsgeschwindigkeit durch Schalensternanemometer infolge der Turbulenz". Universität Leipzig, 2003. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A15238.

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Abstract (sommario):

Die mittlere Windgeschwindigkeit kann aus den Komponenten der Geschwindigkeit (Vektorwind) und aus dem Windweg eines Schalensternanemometers (Skalarwind) berechnet werden. Diese beiden Geschwindigkeiten werden verglichen, indem große Datensätze von Windmeßreihen hoher Auflösung, die mittels Ultraschallanemometer gewonnen wurden, benutzt werden. Der Skalarwind ist verursacht durch die Turbulenz immer größer als der Vektorwind, die Abweichungen betrugen bis zu 4%. Durch Benutzen von Normalverteilungen für die Komponenten des Windes wird eine analytische Lösung für diesen systematischen Fehler angegeben. Windmessungen mit einem Schalensternanemometer zeigen einen zweiten systematischen Fehler, das sogenannte Overspeeding. Dieses Verhalten wird durch ein einfaches Modell beschrieben.
Mean wind velocity can be calculated from the components of velocity (vector wind) and the wind way of a cup anemometer (scalar wind). The wind velocities resulting from different definitions of mean wind velocities are compared by using large dataset of fast-response wind measurements with an ultrasonic anemometer. It is found that the scalar wind is always greater then the vector wind up to 4% owing to the turbulence. Using Gaussian normal distribution for the components of wind velocity, an analytical solution is given for this systematic error. Wind velocity measured with cup anemometer shows second systematic error called overspeeding which is described by a simple mathematical model.

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Jacobi, Christoph, Rudolf Schminder e Dierk Kürschner. "D1 LF wind measurements in autumn and early winter 1994 at Collm, Germany". Wissenschaftliche Mitteilungen des Leipziger Instituts für Meteorologie ; 4 = Meteorologische Arbeiten aus Leipzig ; 2 (1996), S. 144-150, 1996. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A15061.

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Results of total reflection mesopause wind measurements, carried out at the Collm Observatory of the University of Leipzig in 1994 are presented with special regard to the CRISTA period in November 1994. Height-time cross-sections of the prevailing wind and the semidiumal tidal amplitude and phase show the variation of these parameters during the course of the year. In autumn and early winter oscillations of the prevailing wind with a period of about 2 - 3 weeks are found. They are partly due to an overshooting of the parameters while the circulation adjusts to its winter conditions. A comparison of the zonal prevailing wind in 1994 with the values measured since 1982 shows a solar cycle dependence.
Ergebnisse von Windmessungen in der Mesopausenregion mit Hilfe der Reflexion von Funkwellen, die am Observatorium Collm der Universität Leipzig durchgeführt wurden, werden vorgestellt, wobei besonderes Gewicht auf die Zeit der CRISTA-Satellitenmission im November 1994 gelegt wird. Höhen-Zeit-Schnitte des Grundwindes und der Amplitude des halbtägigen Gezeitenwindes zeigen die Änderung dieser Parameter im Lauf des Jahres. Im Herbst und frühen Winter werden Oszillationen mit Perioden von 2 - 3 Wochen festgestellt. Diese sind zu Teil durch ein Überschießen bedingt, daß mit der Anpassung an die Winterbedingungen zusammenhängt. Ein Vergleich des zonalen Grundwindes 1994 mit des Werten aus anderen Jahren gibt Hinweise auf eine Abhängigkeit von der solaren Aktivität.

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Arnold, Klaus, Astrid Ziemann e Armin Raabe. "Acoustic tomography in comparision to in-situ temperature and wind measurements". Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-216523.

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Acoustic travel time tomography is presented as an experimental technique for remote monitoring of areally averaged meteorological quantities as the air temperature and the horizontal wind speed. This ground based remote sensing technique uses the nearly horizontal propagation of sound waves in the atmospheric surface layer. Here the acoustic travel time tomography was applied by measuring the travel time at defined propagation paths between several sound sources and receivers. The resulting sound speed were used to obtain estimates of the meteorological parameters. A measuring campaign was carried out at the test site in Lindenberg (DWD) to compare the acoustically derived data with conventional systems. These observations demonstrated that on one side the accuracy of the acoustic system is comparable with in-situ measurements and on the other side the temperature was particularly significant overestimated by the standard sensors, e.g. due to the radiation influence
Die Akustische Laufzeittomographie wird als ein experimentelles Verfahren zur Sondierung meteorologischer Parameter, wie z.B. der Lufttemperatur und der horizontalen Windgeschwindigkeit, vorgestellt. Dieses bodengebundene Fernerkundungsverfahren nutzt die horizontale Ausbreitung von Schallwellen in der atmosphärischen Grenzschicht. Hier wird das Verfahren der Laufzeittomographie angewendet, d.h. bei bekannter Weglänge wird die Ausbreitungszeit von ausgesendeten Schallsignalen zwischen mehreren Schallquellen und Empfängern gemessen. Die resultierenden Schallgeschwindigkeitsinformationen werden genutzt, um daraus die entsprechenden meteorologischen Parameter abzuleiten. Auf dem Gelände des Meteorologischen Observatoriums Lindenberg (DWD) wurde eine Messkampagne durchgeführt, um die akustischen Sondierungen mit konventionellen Systemen zu vergleichen. Die Auswertungen zeigen, dass einerseits die Genauigkeit der Akustischen Tomographie vergleichbar mit den konventionellen in-situ Messungen ist und andererseits, dass die Lufttemperatur aufgrund des Strahlungseinflusses bei Messungen mit den üblichen Sensoren zum Teil erheblich überschätzt wird

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Libri sul tema "Wind velocity, wind measurement"

Murrie, David Wynn. Wind velocity measurements in athletic stadia, and the effects of winds on sprint performances. Uxbridge: Brunel University, 1988.

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Dunagan, Stephen E. A three-dimensional orthogonal laser velocimeter for the NASA Ames 7- by 10-foot wind tunnel. Moffett Field, Calif: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, 1995.

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Lee, Jonggil. Analysis and improved design considerations for airborne pulse Doppler radar signal processing in the detection of hazardous windshear. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1990.

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Berry, John D. Unsteady velocity measurements taken behind a model helicopter rotor hub in forward flight. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1997.

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Pierson, Willard J. Probabilities and statistics for backscatter estimates obtained by a scatterometer with applications to new scatterometer design data. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Division, 1989.

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Barna, P. S. Results of tests performed on the acoustic quiet flow facility three-dimensional model tunnel: Progress report on the D.S.M.A. design. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1995.

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Keith, Chapman. Structure identification within a transitioning swept-wing boundary layer. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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Hansen, Colin H., Con J. Doolan e Kristy L. Hansen. Wind Farm Noise: Measurement, Assessment. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118826140.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Wind velocity, wind measurement"

Menzies, R. T. "Laser Atmospheric Wind Velocity Measurements". In Optoelectronics for Environmental Science, 103–16. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5895-4_9.

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Gavrikov, Anton, e Ivan Gankevich. "Wind Simulation Using High-Frequency Velocity Component Measurements". In Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2021, 471–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87010-2_35.

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Fredericks, Steven A. "Diameter-Resolved Velocity Correction for Laser Diffraction Calibration and Wind Tunnel Measurement of Sprays". In Pesticide Formulation and Delivery Systems: 40th Volume, Formulation, Application and Adjuvant Innovation, 46–61. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp162720190118.

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Cheli, F., L. Mariano, D. Rocchi, P. Schito e G. Tomasini. "Evaluation of the Cross Wind Velocity Through Pressure Measurements on Train Surface". In The Aerodynamics of Heavy Vehicles III, 143–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20122-1_9.

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Favreau, X., A. Dabas, P. Delville, P. Salamitou, J. Pelon e P. H. Flamant. "Simultaneous Range Resolved Measurements of Atmospheric Constituents and Wind Velocity by CO2". In Advances in Atmospheric Remote Sensing with Lidar, 467–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60612-0_113.

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Hu, Danmei, Jianxing Ren e Zhaohui Du. "A Measurement of the Three-Dimensional Near-Wake Velocity Field of a Model Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbine". In Challenges of Power Engineering and Environment, 1078–83. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76694-0_199.

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Kirmse, C., B. Sammler e H. E. Fiedler. "Unsteady Measurement of Static Pressure, Velocity and Temperature in the Vicinity of the Nozzle in a Vacuum—Wind—Tunnel". In Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications, 265–68. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5474-1_33.

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Reginald, Nelson L., e Joseph M. Davila. "MACS for Global Measurement of the Solar Wind Velocity and the Thermal Electron Temperature During the Total Solar Eclipse on 11 August 1999". In Physics of the Solar Corona and Transition Region, 367–78. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0860-0_23.

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Ahmad, Latief, Raihana Habib Kanth, Sabah Parvaze e Syed Sheraz Mahdi. "Measurement of Wind". In Experimental Agrometeorology: A Practical Manual, 29–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69185-5_5.

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Chapman, S. C., A. D. Johnstone e S. W. H. Cowley. "The Neutral Lithium Velocity Distribution of an AMPTE Solar Wind Release as Inferred from Lithium Ion Measurements on the Uks Spacecraft". In Geophysical Monograph Series, 179–85. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm038p0179.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Wind velocity, wind measurement"

Klinglesmith, M. T., R. R. Grall e W. A. Coles. "933 MHz IPS velocity measurements at EISCAT". In Proceedings of the eigth international solar wind conference: Solar wind eight. AIP, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.51382.

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Selvi Rajan, S., Nagesh R. Iyer, K. Sasikala, P. Harikrishna, M. Keerthana e Arun Raje. "Wind Velocity Measurement in the Wake of a Rectangular Section Using Particle Image Velocimetry". In Eighth Asia-Pacific Conference on Wind Engineering. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-07-8012-8_p12.

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Strataridakis, Constantine, Bruce White e Jorge Gonzalez. "Cross-correlation of velocity measurements for wind resource assessment over a large complex terrain". In 2000 ASME Wind Energy Symposium. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-53.

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Shaikh, Nasiruddin, e Kamran Siddiqui. "Airside Velocity Measurement Above the Wind-Generated Water Waves". In ASME/JSME 2007 5th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2007-37494.

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An experimental study conducted to investigate the airside flow behavior within the crest-trough region over wind generated water waves is reported. Two-dimensional velocity field in a plane perpendicular to the surface was measured using particle image velocimetry (PIV) at wind speeds ranging from 1.5 m s−1 to 4.4 m s−1. The results show a reduction in the mean velocity magnitude when gravity waves appear on the surface. A sequence of consecutive velocity fields has shown the bursting and sweeping processes and the flow separation above the waves. The results also indicate that the flow dynamics in the crest-trough region are significantly different than that at greater heights. High level of turbulence was observed in this region which could not be predicted from the measurements at greater heights. Thus, it is concluded that the quantitative investigation of the flow in the immediate vicinity of the interface is vital for an improved understanding of the heat, mass and momentum exchange between air and water.

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Amano, Ryoichi S., e Shaohua Shen. "Flow Field Velocity Measurement Around a Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbine". In 52nd Aerospace Sciences Meeting. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-1069.

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Raja, M. K. Rama Varma, James G. Yoe, R. Michael Hardesty, W. Allen Brewer, Berrien Moore, James Ryan, Paul Hays et al. "Intercomparison of Doppler Wind Lidar Velocity Measurements". In Optical Remote Sensing. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ors.2003.pd1.

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Tsadka, S., S. Shaft, Z. Azar e Moshe Tur. "Wind Velocity Measurements By Optical Scintillations Methods". In 6th Mtg in Israel on Optical Engineering, a cura di Rami Finkler e Joseph Shamir. SPIE, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.951093.

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Moghadam, Farid K., e Amir R. Nejad. "Experimental Validation of Angular Velocity Measurements for Wind Turbines Drivetrain Condition Monitoring". In ASME 2019 2nd International Offshore Wind Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/iowtc2019-7620.

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Abstract Drivetrain bearings are seen as the most common reason of the wind turbine drivetrain system failures and the consequent downtimes. In this study, the angular velocity error function is used for the condition monitoring of the bearings and gears in the wind turbine drivetrain. This approach benefits from using the sensor data and the dedicated communication network which already exist in the turbine for performance monitoring purposes. Minor required modification includes an additional moderate sampling frequency encoder without any need of adding an extra condition monitoring system. The additional encoder is placed on the low speed shaft and can also be used as the backup for the high speed shaft encoder which is critical for turbine control purposes. A theory based on the variations of the energy of response around the defect frequency is suggested to detect abnormalities in the drivetrain operation. The proposed angular velocity based method is compared with the classical vibration-based detection approach based on axial/radial acceleration data, for the faults initiated by different types of excitation sources. The method is experimentally evaluated using the data obtained from the encoders and vibration sensors of an operational wind turbine.

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Rogers, Anthony L., James F. Manwell e George G. Grills. "Investigation of the Applicability of SODAR for Wind Resource Measurements in Complex and Inhomogeneous Terrain". In ASME 2003 Wind Energy Symposium. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wind2003-1186.

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Increasingly, SODAR (Sonic Detection And Ranging) systems are being used for wind measurements as an alternative to tower-mounted anemometry. SODARs uses acoustic signals to resolve u, v, and w wind velocity components at multiple heights. The accuracy of SODAR measurements are affected by underestimation of wind speeds due to volume sampling, spurious signals from ambient noise or reflected SODAR signals, the effects of precipitation on estimates of vertical wind speeds and, sometimes, sampling of different volumes for each velocity component. Typically missing or ambiguous data increases with height. This paper evaluates the applicability of SODAR for wind resource measurements in complex and inhomogeneous terrain. The evaluation is based on data collected at three Massachusetts sites: Mt. Tom, Thompson Island and Northfield Mountain. The terrain at Mt. Tom and at Northfield Mountain is complex. Thompson Island data are compared to nearby anemometry and the usefulness of the SODAR for evaluating wind shear in offshore sites is considered. SODAR data from Northfield Mountain, collected next to a tower with standard anemometry and at a nearby site, are compared to the anemometry data. Additional operational issues related to the use of SODAR for wind resource measurements are discussed.

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Ohyama, Shinji, Junya Takayama e Kazuo Oshima. "Acoustic CT System for Temperature Distribution and Wind Velocity Vector Measurement". In 2008 Congress on Image and Signal Processing. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cisp.2008.324.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Wind velocity, wind measurement"

Ziegler, Nancy, Nicholas Webb, Adrian Chappell e Sandra LeGrand. Scale invariance of albedo-based wind friction velocity. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), maggio 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40499.

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Obtaining reliable estimates of aerodynamic roughness is necessary to interpret and accurately predict aeolian sediment transport dynamics. However, inherent uncertainties in field measurements and models of surface aerodynamic properties continue to undermine aeolian research, monitoring, and dust modeling. A new relation between aerodynamic shelter and land surface shadow has been established at the wind tunnel scale, enabling the potential for estimates of wind erosion and dust emission to be obtained across scales from albedo data. Here, we compare estimates of wind friction velocity (u*) derived from traditional methods (wind speed profiles) with those derived from the albedo model at two separate scales using bare soil patch (via net radiometers) and landscape (via MODIS 500 m) datasets. Results show that profile-derived estimates of u* are highly variable in anisotropic surface roughness due to changes in wind direction and fetch. Wind speed profiles poorly estimate soil surface (bed) wind friction velocities necessary for aeolian sediment transport research and modeling. Albedo-based estimates of u* at both scales have small variability because the estimate is integrated over a defined, fixed area and resolves the partition of wind momentum be-tween roughness elements and the soil surface. We demonstrate that the wind tunnel-based calibration of albedo for predicting wind friction velocities at the soil surface (us*) is applicable across scales. The albedo-based approach enables consistent and reliable drag partition correction across scales for model and field estimates of us* necessary for wind erosion and dust emission modeling.

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Stanton, Timothy P. Observations of Velocity Fields Under Moderately Forced Wind Waves. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, settembre 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada628815.

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Morrissey, James F. Wind Measurement Accuracy of a Loran Radiosonde. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, ottobre 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada263572.

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Resor, Brian Ray, David Charles Maniaci, Jonathan Charles Berg e Phillip William Richards. Effects of increasing tip velocity on wind turbine rotor design. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), maggio 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1177045.

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Neff, D. E., e R. N. Meroney. Measurement in a wind tunnel of the modification of mean wind and turbulence characteristics due to induction effects near wind turbine rotors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), agosto 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5996233.

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Blaschke, Daniel N., Emil Mottola e Dean Laverne Preston. On the velocity dependence of the dislocation drag coefficient from phonon wind. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), maggio 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1434423.

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WEBER, ALLENH. Vector Wind Velocity, Speed, and Mode Summaries for the Southeastern U. S. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), agosto 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/829843.

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Eloranta, Edwin W. Measurement of Mean Wind Profiles and Spatial Gradients of the Mean Wind with the Volume Imaging Lidar. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, febbraio 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada357793.

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Parker, M. J., e M. Heverly. A new wind vane for the measurement of atmospheric turbulence. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), febbraio 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/543673.

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Potter, Adam W. Method for Estimating Evaporative Potential (IM/CLO) from ASTM Standard Single Wind Velocity Measures. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, agosto 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada637325.

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