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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Zygotic embryos"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 26 luglio 2025

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1

Madakadze, R. M., J. E. Krochko, and T. Senaratna. "Identification and Characterization of Storage Proteins in Zygotic and Somatic Embryos of Geranium (Pelargonium ×hortorum)." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 125, no. 4 (2000): 525–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.125.4.525.

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Storage proteins in zygotic and somatic embryos of `Scarlet Orbit Improved', zonal geranium (Pelargonium hortorum L.H. Bail.) were identified and characterized using gel electrophoresis. The major seed storage proteins in zygotic embryos were an 11S globulin and two low molecular weight (LMW1-2) proteins. The 11S globulin consisted of four distinct subunits (53-74 ku), with each subunit being composed of an acidic polypeptide (A1-A4; 28-44 ku) linked via disulphide bonds to a basic polypeptide (B1-B4; 20-25 ku) and was named pelargin. The LMW (15.5 and 12,5 ku) albumins were not linked with di

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2

Buckley, L. G., E. T. Graham, and R. N. Trigiano. "COMPARISON OF ZYGOTIC AND SOMATIC EMBRYOGENES1S IN CERCIS CANADENSIS." HortScience 27, no. 11 (1992): 1167d—1167. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.11.1167d.

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Zygotic and somatic embryos are purported to follow similar developmental sequences, but few investigations have thoroughly compared the two processes. Developing pods of Cercis canadensis L. (redbud) were collected from trees on the Knoxville campus of the University of Tennessee once or twice per week from 28 March to 8 August 1991. At least 10 ovules/sample date were fixed in FAA to evaluate zygotic embryo ontogeny. A minimum of 40 ovules/sample date were aseptically excised and placed on SH medium supplemented with 9.0 μM 2,4-D and 5 mM ammonium ion to initate somatic embryogenesis. Zygoti

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3

Jeyaretnam, Benjamin, Hazel Y. Wetzstein, and Sharad C. Phatak. "DEVELOPMENTAL REGULATION OF PROTEINS IN ZYGOTICAND SOMATIC EMBRYOS OF PECAN." HortScience 28, no. 5 (1993): 499a—499. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.5.499a.

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Soluble and insoluble proteins from pecan (Carya illinoensis) zygotic and somatic embryos were resolved on one dimensional SDS-PAGE to study the changes in expression patterns of proteins. Soluble proteins were extracted using 0.1M NaCl and 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer while insoluble proteins were recovered by treating the pellet with SDS in Tris-HCl buffer. Several new insoluble proteins appeared during early maturation (26-47 days post anthesis, DPA) of zygotic embryos. The insoluble protein profile from early somatic embryos resembled that of cotyledon expansion stage zygotic embryos. About 12 gr

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4

Hřib, Jiří, Václav Adamec, and Božena Vooková. "In vitro testing of defense reactions in zygotic and somatic embryos of Abies numidica." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 59, no. 6 (2011): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201159060153.

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Defense of desiccated cotyledonary somatic embryos and mature zygotic embryos of Abies numidica was tested in vitro by dual cultures with tester, fungus Phaeolus schweinitzii. Both types of embryos expressed defense reactions manifested by inhibited growth of fungal tester towards the embryos. Mycelial growth was described by logistic sigmoid growth model with a single asymptote. Mutual comparisons of mycelial growth in presence of zygotic and somatic embryos showed significant differences in parameters of mycelium growth curves towards the embryos. Larger defense reactions were observed in zy

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5

Levi, Amnon, Hazel Y. Wetzstein, and Glen A. Galau. "GENE EXPRESSION IN PECAN SOMATIC EMBRYOS." HortScience 26, no. 6 (1991): 726A—726. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.26.6.726a.

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Repetitive somatic embryogenic lines of pecan (Carya illinoensis) were obtained and subcultured on basal WPM, following a one week induction of zygotic embryo tissue on modified WPM with 6 mg/L NAA. Gene expression of somatic embryos has been studied and compared with that occurring in zygotic embryos. Somatic embryos simultaneously expressed mRNA classes that are specific to each of the zygotic embryo cotyledon (Cot), maturation (Mat), and post abscission stages (Late embryogenesis, Lea). Somatic embryos exhibiting such multiple, nonregulated gene expression patterns have a low germination ra

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6

Ren, Xiuxia, Ya Liu, and Byoung Ryong Jeong. "Enhanced Somatic Embryo Induction of a Tree Peony, Paeonia ostii ‘Fengdan’, by a Combination of 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and 1-naphthylacetic Acid (NAA)." Plants 9, no. 1 (2019): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9010003.

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Somatic embryogenesis is a preferred method for vegetative propagation due to its high propagation efficiency. In this study, zygotic embryos, cotyledons, and hypocotyls of Paeonia ostii ‘Fengdan’ were used as the explant to induce somatic embryogenesis. The results showed that a combination of 0.5 mg·L−1 thidiazuron (TDZ) and 0.5 mg·L−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was effective in inducing somatic embryos from the zygotic embryo and cotyledon explants. Hypocotyls only formed somatic embryos on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with both 0.5 mg·L−1 TDZ and 0.5 mg·L−1 1-na

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7

Gomes-Copeland, Kicia Karinne Pereira, Ana da Silva Lédo, Fabrício Tavares Cunha de Almeida, Roberta Pereira Miranda, and Izulmé Rita Imaculada Santos. "Assessing the viability of cryopreserved coconut zygotic embryos by electrolytic conductivity and potassium leaching." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 47, no. 1 (2012): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2012000100002.

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The objective of this work was to adapt the application of electrolytic conductivity and potassium leaching tests to assess the viability of cryopreserved embryos of 'Anão Verde do Brasil de Jiqui' (AVeJBr) coconut. The zygotic embryos were excised, sterilized and subjected to four cryoprotectant treatments combined with three incubation times (12, 16 and 20 hours), totaling 12 treatments. The pre-treatment of mature zygotic embryos of AVeJBr coconut using a cryoprotectant with 1.75 mol L-1 of sucrose + 15% glycerol for 12 and 16 hours promoted lower embryo humidity and increased viability in

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8

Ou-Yang, Huan, Shinn-Chih Wu, Li-Ying Sung, et al. "STAT3 Is an Upstream Regulator of Granzyme G in the Maternal-To-Zygotic Transition of Mouse Embryos." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 1 (2021): 460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010460.

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The maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT), which controls maternal signaling to synthesize zygotic gene products, promotes the preimplantation development of mouse zygotes to the two-cell stage. Our previous study reported that mouse granzyme g (Gzmg), a serine-type protease, is required for the MZT. In this study, we further identified the maternal factors that regulate the Gzmg promoter activity in the zygote to the two-cell stage of mouse embryos. A full-length Gzmg promoter from mouse genomic DNA, FL-pGzmg (−1696~+28 nt), was cloned, and four deletion constructs of this Gzmg promoter, Δ1-pG

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9

Dziurka, Kinga, Michał Dziurka, Marzena Sujkowska-Rybkowska, Kamila Laskoś, Magdalena Grela, and Ewa Muszyńska. "Auxin Metabolite Balance During Haploid and Zygotic Oat Embryo Development—Quantitative and Localization Studies." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 12 (2025): 5737. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26125737.

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Auxins play a critical role in establishing the embryo axis and embryonic pattern. Our study aimed to determine the developmental stage of 21-day old oat (Avena sativa L.) haploid embryos, obtained by distant crossing with maize, and examined oat zygotic embryos at different developmental stages for their levels of endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), its metabolites, and IAA localization. The content of auxin metabolites was determined by HPLC-MS/MS, while IAA visualization in embryos was performed by immunohistochemistry and observed under confocal microscopy. We found that 21-day-old hapl

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10

Santos, Karla Galvão Bezerra dos, Jorge Ernesto de Araújo Mariath, Maria Cecília C. Moço, and Maria Helena Bodanese-Zanettini. "Somatic embryogenesis from immature cotyledons of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.): ontogeny of somatic embryos." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 49, no. 1 (2006): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132006000100006.

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Soybean somatic embryos obtained from immature zygotic embryos were histologically analyzed in order to determine possible ontogenetic routes followed by these embryos. The proembryo stage and globular, heart-shaped, torpedo and cotyledonary embryo stages were found, closely resembling the ontogeny of zygotic embryos. However, the absence of a characteristic suspensor as well as the delay in the establishment of inner organization were the main differences between these two embryogenic processes.

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11

Levi, Amnon, Hazel Y. Wetzstein, and Glen A. Galau. "GENE EXPRESSION PATTERNS OF PECAN ZYGOTIC AND SOMATIC EMBRYOS DURING MATURATION AND GERMINATION." HortScience 25, no. 9 (1990): 1131b—1131. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1131b.

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The coordinate expression of mRNA classes in pecan (Carya illinoensis) zygotic and somatic embryos has been studied. MRNA was isolated from zygotic embryos at early and late maturation stages (12 to 22 weeks post-pollination) and during germination. Additionally, mRNA was isolated from somatic embryos derived from a repetitive embryogenic system prior and after cold (6 weeks at 4°C) and desiccation treatments (5 days). These treatments have been determined to enhance somatic embryo conversion. The abundance of embryogenic mRNA classes was determined using various cloned cotton mRNA probes (Hug

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12

Zinatullina, А. Е. "PERIODIZATIONS OF CEREAL ZYGOTIC EMBRYOGENESIS IN PLANTA AND IT’S USE IN BIOTECHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN VITRO." Izvestia Ufimskogo Nauchnogo Tsentra RAN, no. 1 (March 28, 2022): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31040/2222-8349-2022-0-1-60-69.

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In modern biotechnological studies of commercially valuable cereals, promising areas of great interest are the embryo culture and callus culture in vitro, associated with the use of zygotic embryos of different ages that form full-fledged regenerated plants. These biotechnologies are largely based on the use of the morphogenetic potential of embryonic cells, mainly immature ones. At the same time, the progress of such biotechnologies is limited by the lack of a single unified periodization of cereal zygotic embryogenesis in planta. The difficulty of creating a single periodization is due to bo

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13

Nagmani, R., A. M. Diner, and G. C. Sharma. "Somatic embryogenesis in longleaf pine (Pinuspalustris)." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23, no. 5 (1993): 873–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x93-115.

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Isolated zygotic embryos and female gametophytes containing zygotic embryos were cultured on MSG and DCR basal media, supplemented with three different carbon sources added individually to the medium at four levels each. The media also contained various levels of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and N6-benzyladenine (BA). Embryogenic tissue extruded from female gametophytes during 4 weeks in culture on media containing either glucose or maltose or sucrose. Embryogenic tissue initiation was most frequently from explants collected on July 14, 1992, when the zygotic embryos within the fema

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14

Bozhkov, P. V., I. S. Ahn, and Y. G. Park. "Two alternative pathways of somatic embryo origin from polyembryonic mature stored seeds of Pinus koraiensis Sieb et Zucc." Canadian Journal of Botany 75, no. 3 (1997): 509–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b97-055.

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Individual mature stored seeds of Pinus koraiensis sometimes contain several viable zygotic embryos originated through the processes of simple and cleavage polyembryony. To induce the embryonic process, isolated zygotic embryos were cultured on five different media all supplemented with 10 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 5 μM 6-benzyladenine. Two alternative pathways of somatic embryo origin were revealed. The first pathway was associated with the production of a friable, translucent callus in the hypocotyls–cotyledon region of the dominant zygotic embryo. The second pathway was related

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15

Memili, Erdogan, and Neal L. First. "Zygotic and embryonic gene expression in cow: a review of timing and mechanisms of early gene expression as compared with other species." Zygote 8, no. 1 (2000): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199400000861.

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Early embryonic development is largely dependent on maternal RNAs and proteins synthesised during oogenesis. Zygotic transcription is an essential event that occurs at a species-specific time after fertilisation. In the absence of zygotic transcription the embryo dies since it can no longer support requirements for successful embryo development. Molecular genetics of gene expression during early embryogenesis, especially in the bovine species, remain one of the unsolved questions in modern biology. Earlier studies suggested that embryonic transcription in cattle begins at the late 4-cell or 8-

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16

Wilson, D. P. M., J. A. Sullivan, A. A. Marsolais, and M. J. Tsujita. "Histology of Somatic Embryogenesis in Regal Geranium." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 119, no. 3 (1994): 648–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.119.3.648.

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The origin and development of somatic embryos from petiole sections of Regal geranium (Pelargonium ×domesticum Bailey `Madame Layal') were studied using time-series sections at days 0, 4, 8, 14, and 24. Somatic embryos originated as early as day 4 of culture. The proembryo stage resembled that of a zygotic embryo and the somatic embryos developed through the globular, heart-torpedo, and cotyledonous stages characteristic of in vivo zygotic embryogenesis. A suspensor-like structure was observed with some somatic embryos but this was not consistent. Strong evidence is presented to suggest that s

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17

Lardet, L., G. Piombo, F. Oriol, E. Dechamp, and M. P. Carron. "Relations between biochemical characteristics and conversion ability in Hevea brasiliensis zygotic and somatic embryos." Canadian Journal of Botany 77, no. 8 (1999): 1168–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b99-116.

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The morphological, hydric, and biochemical characteristics were analysed on zygotic embryos at different stages of their development and on cotyledonary somatic embryos in Hevea brasiliensis (Müll. Arg.). The minimum level of maturity required for a good conversion ability was defined. Sixteen weeks after anthesis, the zygotic embryos had acquired a conversion ability equivalent to that of fully mature embryos (24 weeks after anthesis) and to that of somatic embryos. The conversion rates fluctuated between 50 and 60%. The water content, osmotic potential, and turgor pressure of somatic embryos

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18

Kruglova, N. N. "DISTINGUISHING OF THE CRITICAL STAGES OF EARLY ONTOGENESIS AS A METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH IN THE STUDY OF PLANT DEVELOPMENT BIOLOGY FOR BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PURPOSES." ÈKOBIOTEH 6, no. 1 (2023): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31163/2618-964x-2023-6-1-24-34.

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The earliest stage of ontogenesis of flowering plants propagating by amphimixis is zygotic embryogenesis. It is well known that zygotic embryogenesis is a single integrated process. At the same time, from the standpoint of the methodology of research on flowering plant embryogenesis it is proposed to distinguish different, although interrelated, stages of this process. Such stages reflect the pulsating nature of the development of the embryo as a dynamic system. The stages differ in duration, morphophysiological parameters, structural and functional characteristics and in general – in importan

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Xu, Tengteng, Chengxue Liu, Mengya Zhang, et al. "Vitrification of Pronuclear Zygotes Perturbs Porcine Zygotic Genome Activation." Animals 12, no. 5 (2022): 610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12050610.

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Zygotic genome activation (ZGA) plays an essential role in early embryonic development. Vitrification is a common assisted reproductive technology that frequently reduces the developmental competence of embryos. However, the effect of vitrification on porcine ZGA and gene expression during ZGA remains largely unclear. Here, we found that vitrification of pronuclear zygotes derived from parthenogenetic activation (PA) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) resulted in a significant reduction in the rates of 2-cell, 4-cell, and blastocysts, but did not affect the quality of blastocysts. Functional res

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Velho, Christiane Cabral, Yehoshua Saranga, and Jules Janick. "DENSITY SEPARATION OF ZYGOTIC AND SOMATIC EMBRYOS." HortScience 25, no. 9 (1990): 1120e—1120. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1120e.

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Density changes associated with developing zygotic embryos of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and somatic embryos of celery (Apium graveolens L.) were determined using sucrose gradients. Continuous sucrose gradients were used to evaluate relative density of loblolly pine embryos from July 25, when embryos could be microscopically observed, to November 7, 1988. Embryos density declined during development with a maximum (51% sucrose equivalent or 1.2331 g/ml) at first sampling and then remain relatively constant (10% sucrose equivalent or 1.0306 g/ml) after day 49. Density changes were inversely

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Vooková, B., J. Hřib, and V. Adamec. " Testing of Algerian fir zygotic and somatic embryos on defence reactions in vitro." Plant, Soil and Environment 58, No. 2 (2012): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/237/2011-pse.

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Defence reactions of desiccated cotyledonary somatic embryos and mature zygotic embryos of Abies numidica were tested by dual cultures with tester, fungus Phaeolus schweinitzii. Both types of embryos expressed defence reactions. Mutual comparisons of zygotic and somatic embryos showed important differences between defence reactions against mycelial growth towards these embryos. Greater defence reactions were observed in zygotic embryos relative to defence found in somatic embryos. &nbsp;

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Sha, Qian-Qian, Ye-Zhang Zhu, Sen Li, et al. "Characterization of zygotic genome activation-dependent maternal mRNA clearance in mouse." Nucleic Acids Research 48, no. 2 (2019): 879–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz1111.

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Abstract An important event of the maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT) in animal embryos is the elimination of a subset of the maternal transcripts that accumulated during oogenesis. In both invertebrates and vertebrates, a maternally encoded mRNA decay pathway (M-decay) acts before zygotic genome activation (ZGA) while a second pathway, which requires zygotic transcription, subsequently clears additional mRNAs (Z-decay). To date the mechanisms that activate the Z-decay pathway in mammalian early embryos have not been investigated. Here, we identify murine maternal transcripts that are degrad

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Rajhans, R., G. S. Kumar, and G. T. Sharma. "292 EXPRESSION PROFILES OF STRESS AND METABOLIC MARKER GENES DURING IN VITRO PRODUCTION OF BUFFALO (BUBALUS BUBALIS) EMBRYOS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 18, no. 2 (2006): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv18n2ab292.

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An increased understanding of the pre-implantation embryo developmental stage, with respect to physiological interaction of embryo with its micromilieu both in vivo and in vitro, is imperative to comprehend the events of pre-implantation development.The objective of the present study was to examine the temporal expression of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp-70) and glucose transporter 1 (Glut1) genes in pre-implantation-stage buffalo embryos produced under the standard in vitro production (IVP) system. Embryos were produced from slaughterhouse ovaries employing standard in vitro embryo production pr

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Becwar, M. R., R. Nagmani, and S. R. Wann. "Initiation of embryogenic cultures and somatic embryo development in loblolly pine (Pinustaeda)." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20, no. 6 (1990): 810–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x90-107.

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Immature zygotic embryo explants (isolated or with intact megagametophytes) from 10 loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) clones (7-34, 7-56, 11-9, 11-16, 11-25, 10-1003, 10-1007, 10-1011, 10-1018, and 10-1019) were surveyed for their potential to form embryogenic tissue from the suspensor region of zygotic embryos. After over 14 000 explants were cultured, embryogenic cultures were initiated from explants of 8 of the 10 clones; only explants from clones 11-25 and 10-1019 were not responsive. Embryogenic tissue was initiated from zygotic embryos with intact megagametophytes on MSG basal medium with no

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Manshardt, Richard M., and Timothy F. Wenslaff. "Zygotic Polyembryony in Interspecific Hybrids of Carica papaya and C. cauliflora." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 114, no. 4 (1989): 684–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.114.4.684.

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Abstract A study of reproductive barriers limiting interspecific hybridization between Carica papaya L. and C. cauliflora Jacq. was undertaken in four reciprocal interspecific crosses using two different lines of each species. Particular attention was focused on determining whether polyembryonic clusters produced in these crosses were of maternal or zygotic origin. Prezygotic barriers were unimportant; pollen tube penetration and zygote formation were similar in intra- and interspecific crosses. Substantial postzygotic disruptions were observed, including disorganized growth and abortion of hy

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TIMOFTE, Adrian Ioan, and Simona VICAȘ. "The Influence of the Developmental Stage and Culture Medium upon the Somatic Embryo Induction in Quercus petraea." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 41, no. 2 (2013): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha4129295.

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The somatic embryogenesis is an advanced method for clonal propagation and a useful tool for ex situ conservation of genetic resources. In this paper an experimental device was designed, composed of: one oak species (Quercus petraea), one provenance, four types of explants (developmental stages of the zygotic embryo) and four variants of culture medium. It was released the two-way statistical analyses of the two analyzed factors affecting the embryo induction efficiency: the stage of explant and culture medium (4 stages x 4 culture media). The most important factor affecting the efficiency of

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JING, Ruyue, Peilan WANG, Zhen HUANG, and Zhihui LI. "Histocytological Study of Somatic Embryogenesis in the Tree Cinnamomum camphora L. (Lauraceae)." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 47, no. 4 (2019): 1348–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha47411655.

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Histocytological studies were conducted on primary, secondary, and malformed embryos produced during somatic embryogenesis of Cinnamomum camphora L. to better understand its development. Exploring its callus types and structures provided a theoretical basis for clarifying the mechanism of somatic embryogenesis, which may shed light on the mechanism of zygotic embryogenesis. We used immature zygotic embryos as explants to induce somatic embryos, forming many embryogenic calli that differentiated into mature somatic embryos. Our results showed that somatic embryogenesis of C. camphora was simila

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Tautorus, T. E., L. C. Fowke, and D. I. Dunstan. "Somatic embryogenesis in conifers." Canadian Journal of Botany 69, no. 9 (1991): 1873–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b91-237.

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Substantial progress has been made towards the development of systems for in vitro embryogenesis in conifers. Since the first report of somatic embryogenesis from zygotic embryos of Picea abies in 1985, cultured explants of at least 18 different coniferous species have been induced to produce somatic embryos. Somatic embryos have been cryopreserved, grown in liquid suspensions, and matured into plants. In addition, plantlets have been regenerated from protoplasts isolated from embryogenic suspensions of Picea glauca and Larix ×eurolepis, permitting studies into direct gene transfer and somatic

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Zhu, Yan, Ya-Hong Jiang, Ya-Ping He, et al. "Knockdown of regulator of G-protein signalling 2 (Rgs2) leads to abnormal early mouse embryo development in vitro." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 27, no. 3 (2015): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd13269.

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Regulator of G-protein signalling 2 (Rgs2) is involved in G-protein-mediated signalling by negatively regulating the activity of the G-protein α-subunit. In the present study, the expression patterns of Rgs2 in mouse ovarian tissues and early embryos were determined by semiquantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescent analyses. Rgs2 expression was observed in the ovarian tissues of adult female mice, with an almost equal expression levels during different stages of the oestrous cycle. Rgs2 was abundant in the cytoplasm, membrane, nucle

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Aly, Mohammed A. M., Robert G. Fjellstrom, Gale H. McGranahan, and Dan E. Parfitt. "Origin of Walnut Somatic Embryos Determined by RFLP and Isozyme Analysis." HortScience 27, no. 1 (1992): 61–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.1.61.

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Somatic embryos derived from walnut (Juglans regia L.) ovule tissues were evaluated to determine whether they were of zygotic or maternal origin. Molecular markers were used to permit evaluation at an early stage, before whole plant development. Somatic embryos developed from potentially apomictic `Sunland' and `Cisco' ovule tissue isolated from bagged putatively unpollinated flowers. Phosphoglucomutase (PGM) isozyme analysis showed that all of these embryos, except one from each cultivar, carry the same zymotype as the maternal tissue. However, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RPLP)

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31

Faure, Olivier. "Embryons somatiques de Vitis rupestris et embryons zygotiques de Vitis sp. : morphologie, histologie, histochimie et développement." Canadian Journal of Botany 68, no. 11 (1990): 2305–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b90-295.

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Abstract (sommario):

The problem of the development of grapevine somatic embryos into plantlets was examined through a morphological, histological, and histochemical comparison of zygotic and somatic embryos. Only 3% of somatic embryos were capable of developing into plantlets. However, 27% of these embryos had shoot and root apices showing a histological pattern similar to that observed in zygotic embryos; other embryos had root apex but no shoot apex. In comparison with zygotic embryos, somatic embryos showed the following characteristics: acquisition of giant, and often teratologic, organs, retention of a high

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32

Mordhorst, Andreas P., Keete J. Voerman, Marijke V. Hartog, et al. "Somatic Embryogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana Is Facilitated by Mutations in Genes Repressing Meristematic Cell Divisions." Genetics 149, no. 2 (1998): 549–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/149.2.549.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract Embryogenesis in plants can commence from cells other than the fertilized egg cell. Embryogenesis initiated from somatic cells in vitro is an attractive system for studying early embryonic stages when they are accessible to experimental manipulation. Somatic embryogenesis in Arabidopsis offers the additional advantage that many zygotic embryo mutants can be studied under in vitro conditions. Two systems are available. The first employs immature zygotic embryos as starting material, yielding continuously growing embryogenic cultures in liquid medium. This is possible in at least 11 eco

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33

Wang, Yi-Chang, and Jules Janick. "In Vitro Production of Jojoba Liquid Wax by Zygotic and Somatic Embryos." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 111, no. 5 (1986): 798–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.111.5.798.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract Zygotic embryos of jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis Link) accumulated liquid wax in vivo from 10 mg dry weight to maturity (800 mg dry weight) with relatively constant proportions of 36 to 46 carbon length wax esters. Immature zygotic embryos (initial dry weight, 1.6 ± 0.5 mg se), cultured on a semisolid basal medium supplemented with 15% sucrose for 10 weeks, reached 64.7 ± 20.5 mg se dry weight and produced 50% wax, an efficiency twice that of in vivo zygotic embryos of the same size. Somatic embryos (initial dry weight, 0.3 mg) cultured on semisolid basal media containing 9% sucrose fo

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34

Fulka, Josef Jr, Michal Benc, Pasqualino Loi, Alena Langerova, and Helena Fulka. "Function of atypical mammalian oocyte/zygote nucleoli and its implications for reproductive biology and medicine." International Journal of Developmental Biology 63, no. 3-4-5 (2019): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/ijdb.180329jf.

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Abstract (sommario):

Mammalian oocytes/zygotes contain atypical nucleoli that are composed exclusively of a dense fibrillar material. It has been commonly accepted that these nucleoli serve as a repository of components that are used later on, as the embryo develops, for the construction of typical tripartite nucleoli. Indeed, when nucleoli were removed from immature oocytes (enucleolation) and these oocytes were then matured, fertilized or parthenogenetically activated, development of the produced embryos ceased after one or two cleavages with no detectable nucleoli in nuclei. This indicated that zygotic nucleoli

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35

Valdés, Yanelis Castilla, Mukund R. Shukla, María Esther González Vega, and Praveen K. Saxena. "Improved Conservation of Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Germplasm via Micropropagation and Cryopreservation." Agronomy 11, no. 9 (2021): 1861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11091861.

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Abstract (sommario):

Coffee (Coffea spp.) is an important tropical agricultural crop that has significant economic and social importance in the world. The ex situ conservation of plant genetic resources through seeds is not feasible due to the sensitivity of coffee seed to desiccation and low temperatures. The cryopreservation of zygotic embryos may allow for an efficient and long-term storage of coffee germplasm. This study describes the cryopreservation methods for conserving zygotic embryos of Coffea arabica L. for the long-term conservation of currently available germplasm. Zygotic embryos were successfully cr

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36

Abou Taleb, S., I. Yates, B. W. Wood, and M. M. Fouad. "CRYOGENICS AND TISSUE CULTURE FOR PRESERVING PECAN GERMPLASM." HortScience 27, no. 6 (1992): 693c—693. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.693c.

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Abstract (sommario):

A study was conducted to develop protocol for the preservation of pecan genetic variability by cryogenic storage of zygotic embryos and subsequent in vitro plant regeneration. Parameters evaluated for their influence on embryo survival included the amount of intact kernel, liquid nitrogen (LN) treatment, desiccation, and genotype specificity. Optimum germination with minimum contamination occurred with 12% of the kernel intact. Treatment of explants with LN reduced the percentage of embryos developing into intact plants. `Curtis' and `Shoshoni' had a significantly higher morphogenic response i

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37

Stojicic, Dragana, Dusica Janosevic, Branka Uzelac, V. Cokesa, and Snezana Budimir. "In vitro zygotic embryo culture of Pinus peuce Gris.: Optimization of culture conditions affecting germination and early seedling growth." Archives of Biological Sciences 64, no. 2 (2012): 503–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs1202503s.

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Abstract (sommario):

This study reports a protocol for the germination and early seedling growth of Pinus peuce Gris. using zygotic embryo culture. In order to overcome seed dormancy and optimize organogenesis, the effect of nutritional, plant growth regulatory and physical factors on in vitro germination and growth of isolated mature zygotic embryos of P. peuce were investigated.

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38

Stojicic, Dragana, Branka Uzelac, Dusica Janosevic, Ljubinka Culafic, and Snezana Budimir. "Induction of somatic embryogenesis in Pinus heldreichii culture." Archives of Biological Sciences 59, no. 3 (2007): 199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs0703199s.

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Abstract (sommario):

The potential for somatic embryogenesis in zygotic embryo and megagametophyte cultures of Pinus heldreichii was examined. Somatic embryogenesis was initiated from megagametophytes containing immature zygotic embryos at early stages of development. An induction frequency of up to 6.7% was obtained on Gresshoff and Doy medium in the presence of 2 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.5 mg/l benzyladenine (BA). Formation and further proliferation of embryogenic tissue were achieved upon transfer of explants to a medium with reduced levels of growth regulators. Somatic embryos are bein

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39

Hamm, Danielle C., and Melissa M. Harrison. "Regulatory principles governing the maternal-to-zygotic transition: insights from Drosophila melanogaster." Open Biology 8, no. 12 (2018): 180183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.180183.

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Abstract (sommario):

The onset of metazoan development requires that two terminally differentiated germ cells, a sperm and an oocyte, become reprogrammed to the totipotent embryo, which can subsequently give rise to all the cell types of the adult organism. In nearly all animals, maternal gene products regulate the initial events of embryogenesis while the zygotic genome remains transcriptionally silent. Developmental control is then passed from mother to zygote through a process known as the maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT). The MZT comprises an intimately connected set of molecular events that mediate degrad

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40

GALLO, Cibele M., Renato PAIVA, Rodrigo T. FREITAS, Michele V. REIS, Diogo P. C. SILVA, and Luciano C. SILVA. "Cryopreservation of Vasconcellea quercifolia St.-Hil (Caricaceae) Zygotic Embryos." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 47, no. 1 (2018): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha47111266.

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Abstract (sommario):

Vasconcellea quercifolia A. St.-Hil. (Caricaceae) is a tropical fruit species native to Brazil, with a great importance in plant breeding programs. The V. quercifolia has a resistance to the main diseases of Caricaceae, Papaya Ringspot Virus (PRSV). Considering its potential, cryopreservation becomes a tool for the conservation of this species. The objective of this paper was to study the cryopreservation of V. quercifolia zygotic embryos through dehydration in silica gel. Excised zygotic embryos were dehydrated in silica at 0, 20, 40, 80 and 100 minutes and then inoculated in MS medium. The p

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41

Perán-Quesada, R., C. Sánchez-Romero, F. Pliego-Alfaro, and A. Barceló-Muñoz. "Histological aspects of avocado embryo development and effect of developmental stages on germination." Seed Science Research 15, no. 2 (2005): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/ssr2005205.

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Abstract (sommario):

Anatomical differentiation and storage product accumulation were studied during avocado (Persea americana Mill.) zygotic embryo development using histological techniques. The results were correlated with the germination capacity under in vitro conditions. The histodifferentiation phase, characterized by active cell division and differentiation, was accomplished by 100 d after pollination (DAP), when embryos reached 16–18 mm in length. After a phase in which there were no morphological changes, the maturation phase commenced at 125 DAP in embryos 24–26 mm in length. Accumulation of starch granu

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42

Silva, Daniel da, Angela Maria Imakawa, Suely de Souza Costa, and Paulo de Tarso Barbosa Sampaio. "In vitro culture of zygotic embryos and seeds of Caesalpinia ferrea Martius." Hoehnea 45, no. 4 (2018): 663–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2236-8906-65/2018.

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Abstract (sommario):

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro germination of zygotic embryos and seeds of Caesalpinia ferrea Martius and the morphogenetic responses of the explants to different concentrations of growth regulators. Seeds and zygotic embryos were inoculated in MS culture medium and kept in a growth room at a temperature of 25 ± 2 ºC for 16 hours of photoperiod for 30 days. The seeds had a higher in vitro germination rate than the explants from zygotic embryos. However, zygotic embryos in MS medium supplemented with 0.9 mg L-1 BAP had the highest percentage of regeneration (50%), n

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43

Stamp, James A., and Carole P. Meredith. "Proliferative Somatic Embryogenesis from Zygotic Embryos of Grapevine." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 113, no. 6 (1988): 941–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.113.6.941.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract Zygotic embryos isolated from mature berries of Vitis longii Prince and V. vinifera L. cvs. Chardonnay, French Colombard, Grenache, and White Riesling produced somatic embryos when cultured on solid Nitsch and Nitsch medium. Explants of V. vinifera cv. Pinot noir did not produce somatic embryos. The highest incidence of somatic embryogenesis occurred on medium containing (all in mg·liter−1) 1.0 NOA plus 0.2 BAP, except in ‘White Riesling’, where 1.0 NOA plus 1.0 BAP was optimal. Somatic embryos developed asynchronously from a mass of white proembryos and passed through globular, heart

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44

Silva, Maurecilne Lemes, Daniela Lopes Paim Pinto, Miguel Pedro Guerra, et al. "Produção de sementes sintéticas de maracujazeiro silvestre com potencial ornamental." Ornamental Horticulture 21, no. 3 (2015): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/oh.v21i3.752.

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Abstract (sommario):

Passiflora cincinnata is a wild species of passion fruit with a wide geographical distribution. It has vigorous growth, climbing habit and very showy and fragrant flowers. The aim of the present investigation was to obtain synthetic seeds from encapsulated zygotic and somatic embryos of P. cincinnata, cultivated under different conditions. Precotyledonary and cotyledonary stage embryos were obtained from zygotic embryos cultivated on MS medium supplemented with 18.1 μM of 2,4-Acid-dichlorophenoxyacetic (2,4-D) and 4.5 μM of Benzyladenine (BA). Zygotic embryos and somatic embryos stages were en

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45

Pultz, M. A., J. N. Pitt, and N. M. Alto. "Extensive zygotic control of the anteroposterior axis in the wasp Nasonia vitripennis." Development 126, no. 4 (1999): 701–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.126.4.701.

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Abstract (sommario):

Insect axis formation is best understood in Drosophila melanogaster, where rapid anteroposterior patterning of zygotic determinants is directed by maternal gene products. The earliest zygotic control is by gap genes, which determine regions of several contiguous segments and are largely conserved in insects. We have asked genetically whether early zygotic patterning genes control similar anteroposterior domains in the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis as in Drosophila. Nasonia is advantageous for identifying and studying recessive zygotic lethal mutations because unfertilized eggs develop as

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46

Hargreaves, Cathy L., Cathie B. Reeves, Jens I. Find, et al. "Improving initiation, genotype capture, and family representation in somatic embryogenesis of Pinus radiata by a combination of zygotic embryo maturity, media, and explant preparation." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 39, no. 8 (2009): 1566–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x09-082.

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Abstract (sommario):

The principal aim of this investigation was to improve somatic embryogenesis initiation and to enhance representation of families and genotypes within those families of Pinus radiata D. Don. A total of 19 open-pollinated seed families, many with unrelated and weakly related parents, were tested. Optimum stage of cone maturity for initiation success was tested by five collections made at 1 week intervals, spanning the developmental period from pro-embryo to cotyledonary embryos. Two media were compared; embryo-development media (EDM6) and a modified Litvay medium (Glitz). Two zygotic embryo exp

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47

Levi, A., and K. C. Sink. "Histology and Morphology of Asparagus Somatic Embryos." HortScience 26, no. 10 (1991): 1322–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.26.10.1322.

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Abstract (sommario):

The histology and morphology of developing asparagus Asparagus officinalis L.) somatic embryos arising in callus cultures were examined and contrasted with that documented for zygotic embryos. Histological sections of lateral bud-derived callus cultured for 2 weeks on embryo induction medium consisting of Murashige and Skoog salts and vitamins (MS) with 1.5 mg NAA/liter and 0.1 mg kinetin/liter indicated the formation of distinct groups of embryogenic cells. At 4 weeks, the callus was comprised of embryos in the early and late globular stages and a few bipolar embryos. Within 2 weeks on embryo

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48

Bridgen, Mark P. "692 Plant Embryo Culture Techniques and Applications." HortScience 35, no. 3 (2000): 518C—518. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.518c.

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Abstract (sommario):

Traditional and biotechnological breeding techniques are being united to develop exciting new plants and to improve existing cultivated plants by introducing natural variability from germplasm resources. Intervarietal, interspecific and intergeneric crosses can be accomplished by using plant embryo culture techniques, sometimes also referred to as embryo rescue. Embryo culture involves the isolation and growth of immature or mature zygotic embryos under sterile conditions on an aseptic nutrient medium with the goal of obtaining a viable plant. The technique depends on isolating the embryo with

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49

FREITAS, Rodrigo Therezan de, Renato PAIVA, Thais Silva SALES, et al. "Cryopreservation of Coffea arabica L. Zygotic Embryos by Vitrification." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 44, no. 2 (2016): 445–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha44210553.

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Abstract (sommario):

As a consequence of the difficulty in conventional coffee seed storage, biotechnological alternatives such as cryopreservation have been investigated. The objective of this study was to develop a protocol for the cryopreservation of Coffea arabica L. (cv. â€˜CatuaÃ Vermelhoâ€™ - IAC 144) zygotic embryos by vitrification. For the cryopreservation study, the embryos were immersed in Plant Vitrification Solution 2 at different times (0, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 250 min) and two temperatures (0 and 25 Â°C). Subsequently, the best thawing time was determined in a water bath (1, 3, 5 minutes or directl

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50

Carra, Angela, Caterina Catalano, Ranjith Pathirana, et al. "Increased Zygote-Derived Plantlet Formation through In Vitro Rescue of Immature Embryos of Highly Apomictic Opuntia ficus-indica (Cactaceae)." Plants 12, no. 15 (2023): 2758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12152758.

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Abstract (sommario):

O. ficus-indica (prickly pear cactus) is an important forage and food source in arid and semiarid ecosystems and is the most important cactus species in cultivation globally. The high degree of apomixis in the species is a hindrance in plant breeding programs where genetic segregation is sought for the selection of superior genotypes. To understand if in ovulo embryo rescue could increase the proportion of zygotic seedlings, we compared the mature seed-derived seedlings with those regenerated from in vitro embryo rescue at 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 post-anthesis days (PADs) in four Italian cultiv

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