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Vanetti, Paul Justin Cesare. "Auxiliary variable transformations for intractable distributions." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44340.
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Expectations over probability distributions can be approximated by Markov chain Monte Carlo methods when the density can be evaluated up to a normalizing constant. However, there exist cases where this density takes on the form of an intractable integral and therefore cannot be computed exactly. We explore a class of auxiliary variable methods which allow correct sampling from such distributions. In some cases, existing approaches which employ these methods can be inefficient, requiring long computation times. We identify causes for this inefficiency and demonstrate how this can be improved when we can develop a reasonable importance sampling estimate of the integral. We discuss applications for our methods, placing a particular focus on the Dirichlet process with a non-conjugate base distribution. We show how the auxiliary variables can be interpreted in this non-parametric context, and how we can develop proposals which provide greater computational efficiency.
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Graham, Matthew McKenzie. "Auxiliary variable Markov chain Monte Carlo methods." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28962.
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Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods are a widely applicable class of algorithms for estimating integrals in statistical inference problems. A common approach in MCMC methods is to introduce additional auxiliary variables into the Markov chain state and perform transitions in the joint space of target and auxiliary variables. In this thesis we consider novel methods for using auxiliary variables within MCMC methods to allow approximate inference in otherwise intractable models and to improve sampling performance in models exhibiting challenging properties such as multimodality. We first consider the pseudo-marginal framework. This extends the Metropolis–Hastings algorithm to cases where we only have access to an unbiased estimator of the density of target distribution. The resulting chains can sometimes show ‘sticking’ behaviour where long series of proposed updates are rejected. Further the algorithms can be difficult to tune and it is not immediately clear how to generalise the approach to alternative transition operators. We show that if the auxiliary variables used in the density estimator are included in the chain state it is possible to use new transition operators such as those based on slice-sampling algorithms within a pseudo-marginal setting. This auxiliary pseudo-marginal approach leads to easier to tune methods and is often able to improve sampling efficiency over existing approaches. As a second contribution we consider inference in probabilistic models defined via a generative process with the probability density of the outputs of this process only implicitly defined. The approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) framework allows inference in such models when conditioning on the values of observed model variables by making the approximation that generated observed variables are ‘close’ rather than exactly equal to observed data. Although making the inference problem more tractable, the approximation error introduced in ABC methods can be difficult to quantify and standard algorithms tend to perform poorly when conditioning on high dimensional observations. This often requires further approximation by reducing the observations to lower dimensional summary statistics. We show how including all of the random variables used in generating model outputs as auxiliary variables in a Markov chain state can allow the use of more efficient and robust MCMC methods such as slice sampling and Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) within an ABC framework. In some cases this can allow inference when conditioning on the full set of observed values when standard ABC methods require reduction to lower dimensional summaries for tractability. Further we introduce a novel constrained HMC method for performing inference in a restricted class of differentiable generative models which allows conditioning the generated observed variables to be arbitrarily close to observed data while maintaining computational tractability. As a final topicwe consider the use of an auxiliary temperature variable in MCMC methods to improve exploration of multimodal target densities and allow estimation of normalising constants. Existing approaches such as simulated tempering and annealed importance sampling use temperature variables which take on only a discrete set of values. The performance of these methods can be sensitive to the number and spacing of the temperature values used, and the discrete nature of the temperature variable prevents the use of gradient-based methods such as HMC to update the temperature alongside the target variables. We introduce new MCMC methods which instead use a continuous temperature variable. This both removes the need to tune the choice of discrete temperature values and allows the temperature variable to be updated jointly with the target variables within a HMC method.
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Sousa, Rita Cristina Pinto de. "Parameter estimation in the presence of auxiliary information." Doctoral thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/11295.
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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Doutora em
Estatística e Gestão de Risco, Especialidade em Estatística<br>In survey research, there are many situations when the primary variable of interest is sensitive. The sensitivity of some queries can give rise to a refusal to answer or to false answers given intentionally. Survey can be conducted in a variety of settings, in part dictated
by the mode of data collection, and these settings can differ in how much privacy
they offer the respondent. The estimates obtained from a direct survey on sensitive questions would be subject to high bias. A variety of techniques have been used to improve reporting by increasing the privacy of the respondents.
The Randomized Response Technique (RRT), introduced byWarner in 1965, develops a random relation between the individual’s response and the question. This technique
provides confidentiality to respondents and still allows the interviewers to estimate the
characteristic of interest at an aggregate level.
In this thesis we propose some estimators to improve the mean estimation of a sensitive
variable based on a RRT by making use of available non-sensitive auxiliary information.
In the first part of this thesis we present the ratio and the regression estimators as
well as some generalizations in order to study the gain in the estimation over the ordinary RRT mean estimator. In chapters 4 and 5 we study the performance of some exponential type estimators, also based on a RRT. The final part of the thesis illustrates an approach to mean estimation in stratified sampling. This study confirms some previous results for a different sample design. An extensive simulation study and an application to a real dataset are done for all the study estimators to evaluate their performance. In the last chapter we present a general discussion referring to the main results and conclusions as well as showing an application to a real dataset which compares the performance of study estimators.
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Tüchler, Regina. "Bayesian Variable Selection for Logistic Models Using Auxiliary Mixture Sampling." Department of Statistics and Mathematics, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2006. http://epub.wu.ac.at/984/1/document.pdf.
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The paper presents an Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm for both variable and covariance selection in the context of logistic mixed effects models. This algorithm allows us to sample solely from standard densities, with no additional tuning being needed. We apply a stochastic search variable approach to select explanatory variables as well as to determine the structure of the random effects covariance matrix. For logistic mixed effects models prior determination of explanatory variables and random effects is no longer prerequisite since the definite structure is chosen in a data-driven manner in the course of the modeling procedure. As an illustration two real-data examples from finance and tourism studies are given. (author's abstract)<br>Series: Research Report Series / Department of Statistics and Mathematics
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Mao, Wenjin. "Dimension jumping and auxiliary variable techniques for Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms." Connect to online resource, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3284426.
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Lindberg, Mattias, and Peter Guban. "Auxiliary variables a weight against nonresponse bias : A simulation study." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Statistiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-142977.
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Today’s surveys face a growing problem with increasing nonresponse. The increase in nonresponse rate causes a need for better and more effective ways to reduce the nonresponse bias. There are three major scientific orientation of today’s research dealing with nonresponse. One is examining the social factors, the second one studies different data collection methods and the third investigating the use of weights to adjust estimators for nonresponse. We would like to contribute to the third orientation by evaluating estimators which use and adjust weights based on auxiliary variables to balance the survey nonresponse through simulations. For the simulation we use an artificial population consisting of 35455 participants from the Representativity Indicators for Survey Quality project. We model three nonresponse mechanisms (MCAR, MAR and MNAR) with three different coefficient of determination s between our study variable and the auxiliary variables and under three response rates resulting in 63 simulation scenarios. The scenarios are replicated 1000 times to acquire the results. We outline our findings and results for each estimator in all scenarios with the help of bias measures.
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Lasseigne, Alexis. "Optimization of variable-thickness composite structures. Application to a CROR blade." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEM006/document.
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Cette thèse aborde la problématique de la conception optimale de structures composites stratifiées d’épaisseur variable. Les variables d’empilement définissent un problème d’optimisation combinatoire et des espaces de décisions de grande taille et potentiellement multimodaux. Les algorithmes d’optimisation stochastiques permettent de traiter ce type de problème et de tirer profit des performances et de l’anisotropie des plis composites pour l’allègement des structures composites stratifiées. Le but de cette étude est double : (i) développer un algorithme d’optimisation dédié aux composites stratifiés d’épaisseur variable et (ii) estimer le potentiel des composites stratifiés pour la maîtrise des performances aérodynamiques d’une pale de CROR composite.Dans la première partie de cette thèse, un algorithme évolutionnaire est spécialisé pour l’optimisation de tables de drapage et la gestion d’un ensemble de règles de conception représentatif des pratiques de l’industrie. Pour se faire, un encodage spécifique des solutions est proposé et des opérateurs de variations spécialisés sont développés.Dans la deuxième partie, l’algorithme est enrichi d’une technique de guidage basée sur l’exploitation d’un espace auxiliaire afin d'accroître son efficacité et d’intégrer davantage de connaissances des composites dans la résolution du problème.Finalement, la méthode est appliquée pour la conception d’une pale de CROR composite à l’échelle de la maquette de soufflerie. Au préalable, des processus itératifs de mise à froid et mise à chaud de la pale sont mis en place afin d’estimer la forme de la pale au repos et l’état de contraintes dans la pale en fonctionnement<br>This thesis deals with the optimal design of variable-thickness laminated composite structures. The stacking variables define a combinatorial optimization problem and large decision spaces which are potentially multimodal. Stochastic optimization algorithms allow solving this type of problem and allow taking advantage from the performance and the anisotropic nature of unidirectional composite plies to lighten laminated composite structures.The purpose of this study is twofold: (i) developing an optimization algorithm dedicated to variable-thickness laminated composites and (ii) assessing the potential of laminated composites in influencing the aerodynamic performances of a composite CROR blade.Firstly, an evolutionary algorithm is specialized in order to optimize layup tables and handle a set of design guidelines which is representative of industrial practices. In this purpose, a specific encoding of the solutions is suggested and specialized variation operators are developed.Secondly, the algorithm is enriched with a guiding technique based on the exploitation of an auxiliary space in order to improve its efficiency and to include further composites-related knowledge for the resolution of the problem.Finally, the method is applied for the design of a reduced-scale composite CROR blade intended for wind-tunnel testing. Beforehand, iterative processes are implemented to estimate the shape of the non-operating blade and the stress state within the operating blade
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Achelpohl, Scott Alan. "Analysis of an Existing Coal Fired Power Generation Facility with Recommendations for Efficiency and Production Improvement." OpenSIUC, 2010. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/378.
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This study examined the Lake of Egypt Power Plant operated by Southern Illinois Power Cooperative located on the Lake of Egypt south of Marion, IL. The facility has a 173 MW rated turbine operating on a pulverized coal cyclone boiler and three 33 MW rated turbines operating on an oversized circulating fluidized bed boiler with 120 MW capacity. The first area examined was reduction of auxiliary power consumption possible with the addition of variable frequency drives to the forced draft fan and booster fan motors. Included in this examination was an analysis of the economic and environmental impact of such a reduction. From the analysis an annual savings of 24.4 GWh of electricity is possible. The second area examined was the generation capacity lost due to condenser fouling and the possible reduction in facility emissions with altered condenser treatment. From the analysis an additional 3.0 MW of capacity facility wide is possible or a reduction steam production of 1.5% for each boiler.
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Green, Jeffrey Andrew. "IMPROVING THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF A MID-SIZE POWER PLANT BY REDUCTION IN AUXILIARY POWER AND IMPROVED HEAT TRANSFER." OpenSIUC, 2014. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1502.
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This study incorporates the potential use of Variable Frequency Drives on various motors as well as areas of improved heat transfer in an older, mid-sized coal fired power plant. In power plants, fluid flow rates are often controlled using dampers or valves while the motors that power the pumps stay at full speed resulting in a significant amount of wasted electrical power; energy is also lost due to poor heat recovery prior to gases leaving the system. By examining pump usage as well as additional heat available for recovery, potential energy savings will be determined. Preliminary results of five motors suggested for variable frequency drive application show annual savings that total 31.1 GWh, resulting in a 1.66% increase in overall plant efficiency. Total project costs are near $2 million resulting in a simple payback period of less than two years assuming 0.04 $/kWh. For every degree reduction of the flue gas temperature by means of heat recovery that is reused elsewhere in the cycle, 2 Billion BTU of coal would be saved annually. One realistic scenario suggested heat recovery resulting in a 120°F degree reduction of flue gas temperature amounting to a 2.54% increase in cycle efficiency.
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DE, PAOLA ROSITA. "Median estimation using auxiliary variables." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/36075.
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In the present study the estimation of the median has been taken into consideration
using different methods of analysis.
First of all the estimation of the median without auxiliary information is analyzed.
Then the method of Kuk and Mak proposed in 1989 is exposed: this way
of estimating the median is based on the knowledge of the population median of
auxiliary variable X. Another method, which considers the median of the auxiliary
variable is the ratio estimator. Then two methods based on the regression
estimator are analyzed : the first one considers the regression based on the median
regression, the second one is based on the minimum square method.
Two experiments have been carried out in order to compare the methods proposed.
First of all the methods are compared selecting all possible samples from
nine di_erent small populations.
The second application is based on the selection of couples of random numbers
from a bivariate random variable distributed as a Bivariate Log-Normal distribution.
Also in this situation the methods of estimation of the median are compared
considering the expected values and mean square errors.
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Radišauskaitė, Simona. "Baigtinės populiacijos dviejų sumų santykio kalibruotieji įvertiniai." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130805_110347-82806.
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Šiame darbe nagrinėjami dviejų sumų santykio kalibruotieji įvertiniai, kuriuose panaudojama daugiau negu po vieną kiekvieno tyrimo kintamojo papildomąjį kintamąjį. Naudojant skirtingas kalibravimo lygtis ir atstumo funkcijas čia sukonstruoti šeši tokio tipo įvertiniai. Taikant Teiloro ištiesinimo, visrakčio ir atsitiktinių grupių metodus sukonstruoti keleto naujų santykio įvertinių dispersijos įvertiniai. Modeliuojant nauji santykio įvertiniai lyginami tarpusavyje bei su standartiniu ir A. Plikuso įvertiniais. Tiriama, kaip įvertiniu tikslumą įtakoja imties dydis ir laisvai pasirenkami svoriai, kai koreliacija tarp tyrimo ir papildomų kintamųjų yra stipri. Keičiant imties dydį pastebėjome, kad daugeliu atvejų nauji santykio įvertiniai yra tikslesni už A. Plikuso įvertini. Taip pat pastebėjome, kad parenkant skirtingus laisvai pasirenkamus svorius įvertinių tikslumas išlieka panašus. Atliekant sukonstruotų santykio įvertinių dispersijų įvertinių tikslumo tyrimą, kai keičiamas imties elementų skaičius, pastebėjome, kad visrakčio metodu gautieji dispersijos įvertiniai yra tikslesni už Teiloro ištiesinimo ar atsitiktinių grupių metodais gautus dispersijos įvertinius. Visi matematinio modeliavimo eksperimentai atlikti, naudojant matematinių uždavinių paketą MATLAB 7.10.0.<br>In this work we analyze the calibrated estimators of the ratio of two totals, which use more than one auxiliary variable for each study variable. Using different calibration equations and distance functions, we construct here six new estimators of the ratio. The estimators of the variance of some estimators of the ratio are constructed using Taylor linearization, jackknife and random groups methods. A simulation study is performed to compare new estimators of the ratio with the standard estimator and estimators, introduced by A. Plikusas. It is analyzed, how the characteristics of accuracy of estimators depend on the sample size and free additional weights when auxiliary variables are well correlated with study variables. The simulation results show that for some populations new estimators are more accurate than those, introduced by A. Plikusas. During the simulation, we observed, that the estimators of the variance of the estimators of the ratio that are constructed using jackknife method are more accurate than those that are constructed using Taylor linearization and random groups methods. The simulation results are obtained using the computer program that was made using the Language of Technical Computing MATLAB 7.10.0.
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Farias, Rafael Braz Azevedo. "Regressão binária bayesiana com o uso de variáveis auxiliares." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45133/tde-17062007-162004/.
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A inferência Bayesiana está cada vez mais dependente de algoritmos de simulação estocástica, e sua eficiência está diretamente relacionada à eficiência do algoritmo considerado. Uma prática bastante utilizada é a introdução de variáveis auxiliares para obtenção de formas conhecidas para as distribuições {\\it a posteriori} condicionais completas, as quais facilitam a implementação do amostrador de Gibbs. No entanto, a introdução dessas variáveis pode produzir algoritmos onde os valores simulados são fortemente correlacionados, fato esse que prejudica a convergência. O agrupamento das quantidades desconhecidas em blocos, de tal maneira que seja viável a simulação conjunta destas quantidades, é uma alternativa para redução da autocorrelação, e portanto, ajuda a melhorar a eficiência do procedimento de simulação. Neste trabalho, apresentamos propostas de simulação em blocos no contexto de modelos de regressão binária com o uso de variáveis auxiliares. Três classes de funções de ligação são consideradas: probito, logito e probito-assimétrico. Para as duas primeiras apresentamos e implementamos as propostas de atualização conjunta feitas por Holmes e Held (2006). Para a ligação probito-assimétrico propomos quatro diferentes maneiras de construir os blocos, e comparamos estes algoritmos através de duas medidas de eficiência (distância média Euclidiana entre atualizações e tamanho efetivo da amostra). Concluímos que os algoritmos propostos são mais eficientes que o convencional (sem blocos), sendo que um deles proporcionou ganho superior a 160\\% no tamanho efetivo da amostra. Além disso, discutimos uma etapa bastante importante da modelagem, denominada análise de resíduos. Nesta parte adaptamos e implementamos os resíduos propostos para a ligação probito para os modelos logístico e probito-assimétrico. Finalmente, utilizamos os resíduos propostos para verificar a presença de observações discrepantes em um conjunto de dados simulados.<br>The Bayesian inference is getting more and more dependent of stochastic simulation algorithms, and its efficiency is directly related with the efficiency of the considered algorithm. The introduction of auxiliary variables is a technique widely used for attainment of the full conditional distributions, which facilitate the implementation of the Gibbs sampling. However, the introduction of these auxiliary variables can produce algorithms with simulated values highly correlated, this fact harms the convergence. The grouping of the unknow quantities in blocks, in such way that the joint simulation of this quantities is possible, is an alternative for reduction of the autocorrelation, and therefore, improves the efficiency of the simulation procedure. In this work, we present proposals of simulation using the Gibbs block sampler in the context of binary response regression models using auxiliary variables. Three class of links are considered: probit, logit and skew-probit. For the two first we present and implement the scheme of joint update proposed by Holmes and Held (2006). For the skew-probit, we consider four different ways to construct the blocks, and compare these algorithms through two measures of efficiency (the average Euclidean update distance between interactions and effective sample size). We conclude that the considered algorithms are more efficient than the conventional (without blocks), where one of these leading to around 160\\% improvement in the effective sample size. Moreover, we discuss one important stage of the modelling, called residual analysis. In this part we adapt and implement residuals considered in the probit model for the logistic and skew-probit models. For a simulated data set we detect the presence of outlier used the residuals proposed here for the different models.
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Lee, Anthony. "On auxiliary variables and many-core architectures in computational statistics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:244040a7-f094-4d57-a78f-e154ed3b353c.
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Emerging many-core computer architectures provide an incentive for computational methods to exhibit specific types of parallelism. Our ability to perform inference in Bayesian statistics is often dependent upon our ability to approximate expectations of functions of random variables, for which Monte Carlo methodology provides a general purpose solution using a computer. This thesis is primarily concerned with exploring the gains that can be obtained by using many-core architectures to accelerate existing population-based Monte Carlo algorithms, as well as providing a novel general framework that can be used to devise new population-based methods. Monte Carlo algorithms are often concerned with sampling random variables taking values in X whose density is known up to a normalizing constant. Population-based methods typically make use of collections of interacting auxiliary random variables, each of which is in X, in specifying an algorithm. Such methods are good candidates for parallel implementation when the collection of samples can be generated in parallel and their interaction steps are either parallelizable or negligible in cost. The first contribution of this thesis is in demonstrating the potential speedups that can be obtained for two common population-based methods, population-based Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) and sequential Monte Carlo (SMC). The second contribution of this thesis is in the derivation of a hierarchical family of sparsity-inducing priors in regression and classification settings. Here, auxiliary variables make possible the implementation of a fast algorithm for finding local modes of the posterior density. SMC, accelerated on a many-core architecture, is then used to perform inference for a range of prior specifications to gain an understanding of sparse association signal in the context of genome-wide association studies. The third contribution is in the use of a new perspective on reversible MCMC kernels that allows for the construction of novel population-based methods. These methods differ from most existing methods in that one can make the resulting kernels define a Markov chain on X. A further development is that one can define kernels in which the number of auxiliary variables is given a distribution conditional on the values of the auxiliary variables obtained so far. This is perhaps the most important methodological contribution of the thesis, and the adaptation of the number of particles used within a particle MCMC algorithm provides a general purpose algorithm for sampling from a variety of complex distributions.
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Carlsson, Martin. "Variance Estimation of the Calibration Estimator with Measurement Errors in the Auxiliary Information." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-68928.
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Bailes, Wesley Wayne. "A comparison of basal area and merchantable height as auxiliary variables for double sampling with point sampling." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2004. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3385.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2004.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 116 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-56).
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Rota, Bernardo João. "Calibration Adjustment for Nonresponse in Sample Surveys." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-51966.
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In this thesis, we discuss calibration estimation in the presence of nonresponse with a focus on the linear calibration estimator and the propensity calibration estimator, along with the use of different levels of auxiliary information, that is, sample and population levels. This is a fourpapers- based thesis, two of which discuss estimation in two steps. The two-step-type estimator here suggested is an improved compromise of both the linear calibration and the propensity calibration estimators mentioned above. Assuming that the functional form of the response model is known, it is estimated in the first step using calibration approach. In the second step the linear calibration estimator is constructed replacing the design weights by products of these with the inverse of the estimated response probabilities in the first step. The first step of estimation uses sample level of auxiliary information and we demonstrate that this results in more efficient estimated response probabilities than using population-level as earlier suggested. The variance expression for the two-step estimator is derived and an estimator of this is suggested. Two other papers address the use of auxiliary variables in estimation. One of which introduces the use of principal components theory in the calibration for nonresponse adjustment and suggests a selection of components using a theory of canonical correlation. Principal components are used as a mean to accounting the problem of estimation in presence of large sets of candidate auxiliary variables. In addition to the use of auxiliary variables, the last paper also discusses the use of explicit models representing the true response behavior. Usually simple models such as logistic, probit, linear or log-linear are used for this purpose. However, given a possible complexity on the structure of the true response probability, it may raise a question whether these simple models are effective. We use an example of telephone-based survey data collection process and demonstrate that the logistic model is generally not appropriate.
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Ribes, Giner Gabriela. "Análisis de las variables organizativas que influyen en los procesos de fusión y adquisición de empresas. El caso de la industria auxiliar del automóvil." Doctoral thesis, Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/16926.
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El objetivo de esta tesis es examinar cómo influyen los factores organizativos y cómo influyen los factores culturales durante el proceso de fusión y adquisición de empresas proveedoras del sector automovilístico. La aplicación se realizará dentro de dicho sector, más concretamente en el de la industria proveedora de componentes, estudiando diferentes casos de fusión y adquisición de proveedores a primer nivel de suministro de los fabricantes de automóviles.
Para conseguirlo se profundizará en el marco conceptual, pasando por una revisión general de las fusiones y adquisiciones (F/As), hasta llegar al eje principal de la investigación que se centrará en el examen detallado de los factores organizativos y culturales como la integración de los recursos humanos y la cultura organizacional; se analizará qué ocurre con los empleados y directivos de las empresas adquiridas y adquirientes, cómo se afronta la comunicación durante el proceso de F/As y cómo son el clima organizacional y los estilos de dirección. Por otra parte, se estudiará la influencia de la transferencia de conocimiento y en particular la transferencia de tecnología en las F/As.<br>Ribes Giner, G. (2009). Análisis de las variables organizativas que influyen en los procesos de fusión y adquisición de empresas. El caso de la industria auxiliar del automóvil [Tesis doctoral]. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/16926<br>Palancia
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Goga, Camelia. "Estimation de la variance dans les sondages à plusieurs échantillons et prise en compte de l'information auxiliaire par des modèles nonparamétriques." Rennes 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN20030.
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Cette thèse est consacrée à l'estimation de la variance et à l'utilisation de variables auxiliaires lorsqu'on dispose de plusieurs échantillons. Le premier chapitre, extrait d'un rapport rédigé pour Eurostat, présente une revue bibliographique sur les méthodes d'estimation de la variance en sondage ainsi que leur implémentation dans le logiciel Poulpe lorsque cela est possible. Nous définissons dans le chapitre 2 les plans de sondage bidimensionnels et nous donnons une formule de la variance de type Horvitz-Thompson pour des estimateurs linéaires qui dépendent des deux échantillons. Nous exhibons le meilleur estimateur linéaire sans biais et proposons un estimateur de sa variance. Des formules explicites sont données pour certains plans bidimensionnels. Une technique de linéarisation sur deux échantillons est proposée afin de pouvoir estimer la variance de fonctions non linéaires de totaux. Ensuite, nous développons un modèle nonparamétrique basé sur les polynomes locaux permettant de tenir compte de l'information auxiliaire. Enfin, nous proposons dans le chapitre 3 une nouvelle approche nonparamétrique basée sur les splines de régression. Nous prouvons la convergence de l'estimateur proposé et validons, sur des simulations, son bon comportement dans la pratique<br>This Phd deals with the variance estimation and the use of auxiliary information when we have more than one sample. The first chapter, which is a part of a report made for Eurostat, gives a review of the main techniques for estimating the variance and their implementation in the software POULPE, when it is possible. We define, in chapter 2, a bidimensional sampling design and we give a variance Horvitz-Thompson type formula for linear estimators that depend on these two samples. We derive the best linear unbiased estimator and a variance estimator is also proposed. Explicit formulas are given for particular bidimensional sampling designs. A technique of linearization on two samples is developped in order to deal with non linear statistics of totals. Then, we use auxiliary information for improving estimates by means of nonparametric regression estimators based on local polynomials. Finally, we study in chapter 3 a new approach based on regression splines for taking into account the auxiliary information for estimating the poulation total. Consistency results are proved and simulations confirm the good behaviour of this estimator in practice
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Schelin, Lina. "Spatial sampling and prediction." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för matematik och matematisk statistik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-53286.
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This thesis discusses two aspects of spatial statistics: sampling and prediction. In spatial statistics, we observe some phenomena in space. Space is typically of two or three dimensions, but can be of higher dimension. Questions in mind could be; What is the total amount of gold in a gold-mine? How much precipitation could we expect in a specific unobserved location? What is the total tree volume in a forest area? In spatial sampling the aim is to estimate global quantities, such as population totals, based on samples of locations (papers III and IV). In spatial prediction the aim is to estimate local quantities, such as the value at a single unobserved location, with a measure of uncertainty (papers I, II and V). In papers III and IV, we propose sampling designs for selecting representative probability samples in presence of auxiliary variables. If the phenomena under study have clear trends in the auxiliary space, estimation of population quantities can be improved by using representative samples. Such samples also enable estimation of population quantities in subspaces and are especially needed for multi-purpose surveys, when several target variables are of interest. In papers I and II, the objective is to construct valid prediction intervals for the value at a new location, given observed data. Prediction intervals typically rely on the kriging predictor having a Gaussian distribution. In paper I, we show that the distribution of the kriging predictor can be far from Gaussian, even asymptotically. This motivated us to propose a semiparametric method that does not require distributional assumptions. Prediction intervals are constructed from the plug-in ordinary kriging predictor. In paper V, we consider prediction in the presence of left-censoring, where observations falling below a minimum detection limit are not fully recorded. We review existing methods and propose a semi-naive method. The semi-naive method is compared to one model-based method and two naive methods, all based on variants of the kriging predictor.
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Lardin, Pauline. "Estimation de synchrones de consommation électrique par sondage et prise en compte d'information auxiliaire." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00842199.
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Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à l'estimation de la synchrone de consommation électrique (courbe moyenne). Etant donné que les variables étudiées sont fonctionnelles et que les capacités de stockage sont limitées et les coûts de transmission élevés, nous nous sommes intéressés à des méthodes d'estimation par sondage, alternatives intéressantes aux techniques de compression du signal. Nous étendons au cadre fonctionnel des méthodes d'estimation qui prennent en compte l'information auxiliaire disponible afin d'améliorer la précision de l'estimateur de Horvitz-Thompson de la courbe moyenne de consommation électrique. La première méthode fait intervenir l'information auxiliaire au niveau de l'estimation, la courbe moyenne est estimée à l'aide d'un estimateur basé sur un modèle de régression fonctionnelle. La deuxième l'utilise au niveau du plan de sondage, nous utilisons un plan à probabilités inégales à forte entropie puis l'estimateur de Horvitz-Thompson fonctionnel. Une estimation de la fonction de covariance est donnée par l'extension au cadre fonctionnel de l'approximation de la covariance donnée par Hájek. Nous justifions de manière rigoureuse leur utilisation par une étude asymptotique. Pour chacune de ces méthodes, nous donnons, sous de faibles hypothèses sur les probabilités d'inclusion et sur la régularité des trajectoires, les propriétés de convergence de l'estimateur de la courbe moyenne ainsi que de sa fonction de covariance. Nous établissons également un théorème central limite fonctionnel. Afin de contrôler la qualité de nos estimateurs, nous comparons deux méthodes de construction de bande de confiance sur un jeu de données de courbes de charge réelles. La première repose sur la simulation de processus gaussiens. Une justification asymptotique de cette méthode sera donnée pour chacun des estimateurs proposés. La deuxième utilise des techniques de bootstrap qui ont été adaptées afin de tenir compte du caractère fonctionnel des données
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Signorelli, Shirley Ferreira. "Um ambiente virtual para o ensino semipresencial de funções de uma variável real: design e análise." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2007. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/11284.
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Previous issue date: 2007-10-31<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>The purpose of this investigation was the elaboration and implementation of a virtual
environment for a part time distance course for students of the Computer Science and
Systems of Information. The students failed in a former discipline that approaches topics of
elementary Mathematics. It happened in a particular university in the city of São Paulo. Our
focus was on analyzing this environment, the tools and interactions that happened on
distance mode, about the content of real function of one variable.
The methodology used, design-based research, favored proposing and analyzing the
activities about this topic, as well as their reorganization and, the re design of the
environment.
The Blackboard platform and the used tools were analyzed based on Chaves (2000)
criteria, and it seemed efficient as a virtual environment for the learning in our course.
However, we leaved some critical and suggestions for future works, mainly about the role of
the tools for communication within part time distance courses.
The analysis of the students and teacher speeches' was based on the Model of
Argumentative Strategy (CASTRO et al, 2004) and allowed to raise some aspects on the
understanding of Real Functions of one variable, as they were privileged in the different
interactive spaces such as forum, chat, email and daily log. Aspects like the meaning
production in Mathematics can be produced due to the authority of a teacher or of another
student who is considered good by the classroom peers, or based on everyday language
usage or on cultural characteristics.
Moreover, we found that besides the students lack of prerequisite elementary
mathematics, there is a lack of a culture for on-line courses<br>Nesta pesquisa objetivamos a elaboração e implementação de um ambiente virtual para
um curso semipresencial, para estudantes dos cursos de Bacharelado em Ciência da
Computação e Sistemas de Informação de uma instituição particular na cidade de São
Paulo, dependentes na disciplina que aborda tópicos de pré-calculo. Nosso foco recaiu na
análise do ambiente, da viabilidade das ferramentas e das interações que ocorreram a
distância, no que tange o conteúdo de Funções de uma Variável Real.
A metodologia utilizada, design research, permitiu propor e analisar as atividades sobre
este tópico, incluindo a reestruturação e complementação deste ambiente.
A plataforma Blackboard e as ferramentas foram analisadas segundo critérios definidos
por Chaves (2000) e se mostraram eficazes como ambiente virtual de aprendizagem
atendendo, para nosso curso, os critérios necessários. Entretanto, deixamos algumas
críticas e sugestões para trabalhos futuros, principalmente quanto o papel do uso de
ferramentas de comunicação em cursos semipresenciais.
A análise dos discursos dos alunos e docente baseados no Modelo de Estratégia
Argumentativa (CASTRO et al, 2004) permitiu levantar alguns aspectos sobre a
compreensão de Funções de uma Variável Real que foram privilegiados nos diferentes
espaços interativos como fórum, chat, e-mail e diário de rotina, tais como o fato de que a
produção de significados em Matemática pode estar apoiada na autoridade do professor ou
alunos bem vistos pela classe, na linguagem cotidiana e no aspecto cultural.
Observamos ainda que além da falta de pré-requisitos de matemática básica, ainda há
falta de cultura de trabalhos on-line
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Qin, Hao. "Sécurité pratique de systèmes de cryptographie quantique : étude d'attaques et développement de contre-mesures." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENST0040.
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Dans cette thèse, j’étudie une primitive cryptographique appelée distribution quantique de clés. La distribution quantique de clés permet à deux parties distantes de partager une clé secrète en présence d’une espion, dont la puissance est seulement limité par les lois de la physique quantique. J’ai concentré mon travail de thèse sur la distribution quantique de clés à variables continues et en particulier, sur l’étude pratique d’implémentations. J’ai proposé et étudié théoriquement une attaque par canaux cachés originale, visant les détecteurs : l’attaque par saturation. Nous avons de plus démontré expérimentalement la faisabilité de cette attaque sur un système de la distribution quantique de clés à variables continues dans notre laboratoire. Enfin, nous avons en outre démontré expérimentalement pour la première fois la faisabilité du déploiement d’un système de la distribution quantique de clés à variables continues dans un réseau optique du multiplexage en longueur d’onde dense<br>In this thesis, I study a cryptographic primitive called quantum key distribution which allows two remote parties to share a secret key, in the presence of an eavesdropper, whose power is only limited by the laws of quantum physics. I focus my study on the implementation and the practical security of continuousvariable protocols. For the first time, I have proposed and studied a detector-based side channel attack on a continuous-variable system : saturation attack. This attack opens a new security loophole that we have characterized experimentally in our laboratory, on a real continuous-variable system. Finally, we have demonstrated experimentally for the first time the feasibility of a continuous-variable system deployment in a Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing network, where quantum signals coexist with intense classical signals in a same fiber
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ALVES, Francisco Regis Vieira. "Aplicações da sequência Fedathi na promoção do raciocínio intuitivo no cálculo a várias variáveis." www.teses.ufc.br, 2011. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/3166.
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ALVES, Francisco Regis Vieira. Aplicações da sequência Fedathi na promoção do raciocínio intuitivo no cálculo a várias variáveis. 2011. 398f. Tese (Doutorado em Educação) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Brasileira, Fortaleza-CE, 2011.<br>Submitted by Maria Josineide Góis (josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-07-11T14:43:16Z
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Previous issue date: 2011<br>Este estudo trata do ensino/aprendizagem do Cálculo Diferencial e Integral a Várias Variáveis - CVV. Seu objetivo geral foi a identificação/descrição das categorias do raciocínio intuitivo ao longo das fases de ensino da metodologia nominada Sequência Fedathi. A estruturação e a concepção de situações didáticas de ensino envolvendo situações-problema diferenciadas, entretanto, com respeito aos rituais algorítmicos identificados nos livros didáticos de CVV, foram atingidos com base numa visão de complementaridade entre a Teoria das Representações Semióticas e as categorias do raciocínio intuitivo descrita por Fischbein (1987), exploradas nas quatro fases previstas pela Sequência Fedathi. Assim, iniciamos o trabalho com o levantamento e compreensão do ensino e da aprendizagem do Cálculo em Uma Variável Real – CUV e dos poucos estudos científicos desenvolvidos, tanto no Brasil como no Exterior acerca do ensino do CVV. Damos ênfase final à descrição da transição interna do CUV para o CVV, o que não se observa em estudos acadêmicos. Em seguida, com a intenção de delinear, caracterizar, discutir e compreender a natureza do principal raciocínio que tencionamos registrar, discutimos a natureza epistemológica, filosófica e psicológica do raciocínio intuitivo, suas categorias (intuição afirmativa, intuição conjectural e intuição antecipatória) e outras faculdades psíquicas vinculadas a este, nomeadas por percepção e insight. Depois de caracterizar um ensino de CVV apoiado na crença e na certeza matemática, apresentamos e discutimos os principais elementos da Sequência Fedathi e das teorias propostas por Fischbein (1987) e Duval (1991; 1995a). Em seguida, no que diz respeito ao desenvolvimento da pesquisa e a investigação de campo, com arrimo no viés de complementaridade destas teorias, analisamos obras didáticas reconhecidas de CVV, que servem como referência de estudo, com a intenção de identificar e superar possíveis entraves no tocante à elaboração das atividades aplicadas aos estudantes. Os dados empíricos foram obtidos por meio de documentos produzidos por um grupo de oito estudantes escolhidos em uma amostra total de 80 alunos do curso de Licenciatura em Matemática do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia – IFCE – Fortaleza, no período de 2009/2010, matriculados na disciplina Cálculo III, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas efetuadas durante e após as atividades, de modo individual e com o registro visual do momento em que desenvolveram suas estratégias. Todavia, para efeito de discussão no corpo da tese, apresentamos apenas oito estudantes. No final deste estudo, podemos dizer que a exploração didática de categorias do raciocínio intuitivo (intuição afirmativa, intuição conjectural e intuição antecipatória), com base em uma mediação didática que envolveu a exploração de registros de representação semiótica, pode proporcionar a evolução do conhecimento do estudante a respeito dos conceitos principais do CVV. Para tanto, o apoio computacional, com o emprego de softwares como o Geogebra e do CAS Maple, pode indicar elementos mais significativos no que diz respeito à transição interna do CUV para o CVV. Outro ponto relevante concerne à importância do estímulo à elaboração de imagens mentais produzidas pelo ensino que estimula a intuição matemática, a produção de metáforas e a apreensão perceptual dos objetos em 3D do CVV e, deste modo, a evolução de crenças e valores epistêmicos não contraditórios relativos às propriedades formais do CVV.
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Bedier, Mostafa Abdellatif. "Post stratified estimation using a known auxiliary variable." Thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/37984.
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Post stratification is considered desirable in sample surveys for two
reasons - it reduces the mean squared error when averaged over all possible
samples, and it reduces the conditional bias when conditioned on stratum
sample sizes. The problem studied in this thesis is post stratified estimation
of a finite population mean when there is a known auxiliary variable for each
population unit.
The primary direction of the thesis follows the lines of Holt and
Smith (1979). A method is given for using the auxiliary variable in selection
of the stratum boundaries and, using this approach to determine strata, to
compare post stratified estimates with the self -weighting estimates from
the analytical and empirical points of view. Estimates studied are: the post
stratified mean, the post stratified combined ratio, and the post stratified
separate ratio. The thesis contains simulation results that explore the
distributions of the self -weighting estimates, and the post stratified estimates
using conditional and unconditional inferences. The correct coverage
properties of the confidence intervals are compared and the design effect,
i.e. the ratio of the variance of the self -weighting to the variance of post
stratified estimates, is calculated from the samples and its distribution
explored by the simulation study for several real and artificial
populations. The confidence intervals of post stratified estimates
using conditional variances had good coverage properties for each
sample configuration used, and hence the correct coverage property over
all possible samples provided that the Central Limit Theorem was applied.
The comparisons indicated that post stratification is an effective
approach when the boundaries are obtained based on proper stratification using
an auxiliary variable. Moreover it is more efficient than estimation based
on simple random sampling in reducing the mean squared error.
Finally, there is strong evidence that the post stratified estimates are
robust against poorly distributed samples, whereas empirical investigations
suggested that the self -weighting estimates are very poor when the samples are
unbalanced.<br>Graduation date: 1990
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"Bayesian Variable Selection for Logistic Models Using Auxiliary Mixture Sampling." Department of Statistics and Mathematics, 2006. http://epub.wu-wien.ac.at/dyn/dl/wp/epub-wu-01_94d.
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(10669023), Fukeng Huang. "A new scalar auxiliary variable approach for general dissipative systems." Thesis, 2021.
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In this thesis, we first propose a new scalar auxiliary variable (SAV) approach for general dissipative nonlinear systems. This new approach is half computational cost of the original SAV approach, can be extended to high order unconditionally energy stable backward differentiation formula (BDF) schemes and not restricted to the gradient flow structure. Rigorous error estimates for this new SAV approach are conducted for the Allen-Cahn and Cahn-Hilliard type equations from the BDF1 to the BDF5 schemes in a unified form. As an application of this new approach, we construct high order unconditionally stable, fully discrete schemes for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equation with periodic boundary condition. The corresponding error estimates for the fully discrete schemes are also reported. Secondly, by combining the new SAV approach with functional transformation, we propose a new method to construct high-order, linear, positivity/bound preserving and unconditionally energy stable schemes for general dissipative systems whose solutions are positivity/bound preserving. We apply this new method to second order equations: the Allen-Cahn equation with logarithm potential, the Poisson-Nernst-Planck equation and the Keller-Segel equations and fourth order equations: the thin film equation and the Cahn-Hilliard equation with logarithm potential. Ample numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the improved efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method.
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Brozek, Jeffrey M. "A nonlinear model of an auxiliary commutated variable reluctance machine utilizing magnetic circuits." 1993. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/32495623.html.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1993.<br>Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 232-240).
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Chou, Tso-Chu, and 周佐竺. "Design of Constant Pressure Variable Flow Controls For Auxiliary Boiler Feed Water Pumps on Marine Vessels." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2kedh5.
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Huang, Shih-Jhan, and 黃士展. "Optimal Variable Step-Size and Auxiliary Noise Power Scheduling for Active Noise Control Systems with Online Feedback Path Modeling." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98063132478057416596.
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碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>機械工程學系所<br>101<br>In practical case of active noise control (ANC) system structure for the dual microphones, by the reference microphone and the error microphone composed. The reference microphone will pick up a signal from the feedback path of the ANC system, causing the acoustic feedback problem. In general the FxLMS algorithm does not consider the acoustic feedback compensation, thus reducing the active noise control system performance, worse case may make active noise control system becomes unstable. To solve the problem of acoustic feedback, we use literature proposed the concept of online feedback path identifying and applying an optimal variable step size algorithms for identifier and controller, used to online feedback path identification and the reference microphone the measured signals for acoustic feedback compensation, therefore improve the performance of active noise control system. For the system have a better performance, we add auxiliary noise power scheduling, used to identification signal decreases follow the error signal is reduced, identification signals to reduce the impact on performance, and improve overall performance. In the computer simulation are compared with existing methods that the proposed method has better performance.
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Elbaz, Malika. "L'estimation à l'aide d'une variable auxiliaire." Mémoire, 2010. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2927/1/M11369.pdf.
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Dans le domaine des sondages, il y a plusieurs méthodes d'estimer une moyenne ou un total d'une population. Une des techniques les plus pratiques est l'utilisation d'une variable auxiliaire ayant une corrélation avec la variable d'intérêt et dont les données sur toute la population sont connues.
Dans ce mémoire, on va s'intéresser particulièrement à l'estimation d'une moyenne par le quotient. Dans ce cadre, on va traiter largement cette approche, en détaillant premièrement tout ce qui concerne l'estimateur par le quotient afin de répondre à toute question sur le sujet. Par la suite, on va étudier un cas particulier de l'estimation par le quotient lorsque la variable étudiée est dichotomique, en examinant les estimateurs possibles selon le mode de tirage, soit le tirage avec probabilités égales ou probabilités inégales avec ou sans remise. Dans le dernier chapitre, on présentera le cas où la variable auxiliaire est aussi dichotomique. Quatre estimateurs seront proposés pour estimer la moyenne de la population. On va analyser leurs propriétés dans le but de pouvoir les comparer. Afin que le traitement théorique soit valable, on va le concrétiser par des simulations avec des populations réelles et d'autres générées selon des paramètres donnés. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Estimateur, Quotient, Variable auxiliaire, Variable dichotomique.
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Lai, Chieh-Hsin, and 賴潔馨. "Research And Development Auxiliary Tool for the Seventh Grade Learning Simultaneous Linear Equations in Two Variables." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/949km4.
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碩士<br>國立臺北教育大學<br>數學暨資訊教育學系(含數學教育碩士班)<br>99<br>Since the technology improved, many courses have developed suitable media auxiliary tools by computer which help teacher teaching and to understand the situation of students’ studying. This research tries to show the competence indicators of simultaneous linear equations in two variables by study-map with learning areas of mathematics in “General Guidelines of Grade 1-9 Curriculum of Elementary and Junior High School” published by Education Ministry of Education and students’ thinking. It also analyses the questions in test-tree of course by developing Intelligences-Analysis and with the software Captivate to trace the student’s concept by showing the last page to help teacher know what is the mistakes of the student’s concept. By online Intelligences-Analysis can let student do without testing their understanding repeatedly and to help teacher observe the mistakes of the student’s concept to bring up the concrete teaching for simultaneous linear equations in two variables.
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"Intrablock covariance analysis of partially balanced incomplete block design with p auxiliary variables and two associated classes." Tese, BIBLIOTECA CENTRAL DA UFLA, 2006. http://bibtede.ufla.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=153.
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Nekvinda, Matěj. "Statistické metody pro regresní modely s chybějícími daty." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-382737.
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The aim of this thesis is to describe and further develop estimation strategies for data obtained by stratified sampling. Estimation of the mean and linear regression model are discussed. The possible inclusion of auxiliary variables in the estimation is exam- ined. The auxiliary variables can be transformed rather than used in their original form. A transformation minimizing the asymptotic variance of the resulting estimator is pro- vided. The estimator using an approach from this thesis is compared to the doubly robust estimator and shown to be asymptotically equivalent.