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Ruotsalainen, Marcus. "VALIDERINGSMETODER I CITIZEN SCIENCE : Sex stycken fallstudier av valideringsmetoder i citizen science projekt". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-130683.
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This research looks at some of the different methods of validation used in the growing phenomenon citizen science. Citizen science is discussed and a small range of different typologies is used to define it. To find some of the common themes of validation six case studies are performed. The case studies examine the following six citizen science projects: GLOBE at Night, eBird, Citclops, Foldit, Galaxy Zoo and EyeWire. These projects a divided equally in to two types based on previous typological research: data collection projects and analysis projects. All projects are international in scope but differ greatly in actions and so in what type of validation they use. It is showed that some validation is made in comparison to data made by professionals or machine data or some other external source. In two cases the results of the project are self-validating and one case validation is made by experts on data that seems out of the ordinary. A few projects use consensus data i.e. the average of observations or analyses made by the citizen scientists either for validation or as a measure of probable correctness. A short discussion of the results and some suggestions of future research finishes of this research.
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Roth, Hannah Michelle. "Smartphone Privacy in Citizen Science". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78360.
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Group signature schemes enable anonymous-yet-accountable communications. Such a capability is extremely useful for modern applications such as smartphone-based crowdsensing and citizen science. A prototype named GROUPSENSE was developed to support anonymous-yet-accountable crowdsensing with SRBE in Android devices. From this prototype, an Android crowdsensing application was implemented to support privacy in citizen science. In this thesis, we will evaluate the usability of our privacy-preserving crowdsensing application for citizen science projects. An in person user study with 22 participants has been performed showing that participants understood the importance of privacy in citizen science and were willing to install privacy-enhancing applications, yet over half of the participants did not understand the privacy guarantee. Based on these results, modifications to the crowdsensing application have been made with the goal of improving the participants' understanding of the privacy guarantee.Master of Science
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Casey, Leanne Maura. "Using citizen science to monitor bumblebee populations". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/68403/.
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Bumblebees are important pollinators of crops and wildflowers and are currently in global decline. The main drivers of decline include agricultural intensification, climate change, invasive species, pesticides, parasites and pathogens and it is thought that these multiple stressors act together to impact populations. However, their relative importance is unknown and there are wide knowledge gaps in relation to the current status of species populations and their response to environmental variables such as climate, habitat and land use change. Citizen science offers a potential method of collecting data at a broad enough scale to measure species population responses to environmental stressors and it has successfully been applied to other taxa, particularly UK birds and butterflies. This thesis investigates the use of citizen science to address the current knowledge gaps in the status of UK bumblebee populations by analysing volunteer-collected data on current distribution and abundance trends in relation to habitat and climate change. Results are compared to previous studies to infer long-term changes in population dynamics. The value of applying citizen science methods to bumblebee monitoring is highlighted, revealing evidence for decline of some common species and the recent retraction of rare species to their climatic optima. The main findings reveal a potential impact of climate on the distribution of winter-active bumblebees. They also indicate that, while urban parks and gardens provide refuge for bumblebees in an otherwise impoverished landscape, urbanisation may favour short-tongued generalist species over long-term specialists. The outcomes of this thesis have important management implications for UK bumblebee populations including the need for reassessment of the conservation status of B. soroeensis and the sympathetic management of urban parks and gardens for longtongued specialists through the provision of suitable forage material.
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Zilli, Davide. "Smartphone-powered citizen science for bioacoustic monitoring". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2015. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/382943/.
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Citizen science is the involvement of amateur scientists in research for the purpose of data collection and analysis. This practice, well known to different research domains, has recently received renewed attention through the introduction of new and easy means of communication, namely the internet and the advent of powerful “smart” mobile phones, which facilitate the interaction between scientists and citizens. This is appealing to the field of biodiversity monitoring, where traditional manual surveying methods are slow and time consuming and rely on the expertise of the surveyor. This thesis investigates a participatory bioacoustic approach that engages citizens and their smartphones to map the presence of animal species. In particular, the focus is placed on the detection of the New Forest cicada, a critically endangered insect that emits a high pitched call, difficult to hear for humans but easily detected by their mobile phones. To this end, a novel real time acoustic cicada detector algorithm is proposed, which efficiently extracts three frequency bands through a Goertzel filter, and uses them as features for a hidden Markov model-based classifier. This algorithm has permitted the development of a cross-platform mobile app that enables citizen scientists to submit reports of the presence of the cicada. The effectiveness of this approach was confirmed for both the detection algorithm, which achieves an F1 score of 0.82 for the recognition of three acoustically similar insects in the New Forest; and for the mobile system, which was used to submit over 11,000 reports in the first two seasons of deployment, making it one of the largest citizen science projects of its kind. However the algorithm, though very efficient and easily tuned to different microphones, does not scale effectively to many-species classification. Therefore, an alternative method is also proposed for broader insect recognition, which exploits the strong frequency features and the repeating phrases that often occur in insects songs. To express these, it extracts a set of modulation coefficients from the power spectrum of the call, and represents them compactly by sampling them in the log-frequency space, avoiding any bias towards the scale of the phrase. The algorithm reaches an F1 score of 0.72 for 28 species of UK Orthoptera over a small training set, and an F1 score of 0.92 for the three insects recorded in the New Forest, though with higher computational cost compared to the algorithm tailored to cicada detection. The mobile app, downloaded by over 3,000 users, together with the two algorithms, demonstrate the feasibility of real-time insect recognition on mobile devices and the potential of engaging a large crowd for the monitoring of the natural environment.
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CESARANO, CINZIA. "Citizen Science approaches for beach litter monitoring". Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/11566/305901.
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Questa tesi dal titolo "Approcci della scienza dei cittadini per il monitoraggio dei rifiuti da spiaggia" si concentra sui rifiuti marini delle spiagge (di seguito MBL). MBL rappresenta un enorme problema che riguarda le aree scientifiche, economiche e sociali. Durante il primo anno di dottorato è stata organizzata e realizzata un'attività pilota di citizen science per il monitoraggio dell'ambiente balneare con studenti delle scuole primarie e secondarie, utilizzando il protocollo MAC-Emerso. Le osservazioni raccolte sono state incluse nel database ufficiale MAC-Emerso.
Durante il secondo anno, è stata completata un'analisi bibliometrica sul MBL e i risultati raggiunti sono stati organizzati per la pubblicazione in una rivista peer-reviewed. Inoltre, è stata effettuata un'analisi preliminare del database nazionale MAC-Emerso disponibile.
Il terzo anno è stato dedicato alla compilazione di studi e programmi precedenti incentrati sul monitoraggio MBL e sulle campagne di bonifica lungo la costa mediterranea. Tutte le metodologie applicate fino ad oggi sono state analizzate e confrontate nel dettaglio per identificare i punti di forza e di debolezza dei protocolli attuali, il coinvolgimento dei cittadini e le lacune esistenti.
La presente tesi è composta da otto capitoli e due articoli e si apre con un'introduzione generale che descrive MBL (Capitolo 1). Il capitolo 2 discute l'obiettivo generale della ricerca di dottorato e riassume gli articoli inclusi nella tesi di dottorato. Il capitolo 3 esamina in dettaglio la strategia marina, mentre il capitolo 4 si concentra sulla scienza dei cittadini e sul protocollo MAC-Emerso. Il capitolo 5 descrive i principali risultati raggiunti, inclusa l'attività pilota di citizen science organizzata e realizzata per il monitoraggio dell'ambiente balneare con gli studenti delle scuole primarie e secondarie che utilizzano il protocollo MAC-Emerso. Il capitolo 6 comprende la raccolta dei due articoli scientifici su MBL realizzati durante le attività di dottorato.
Il primo paper (Cesarano et al., 2021) è stato pubblicato su Marine Pollution Bulletin (con ranking Q1), mentre il secondo paper è stato recentemente inviato alla stessa rivista. Il primo esplora la letteratura scientifica globale sull'MBL attraverso un'accurata analisi bibliometrica. Quest'ultimo presenta una revisione sistematica della letteratura corrente sul monitoraggio MBL lungo le coste del Mediterraneo. Insieme, forniscono una revisione completa delle conoscenze scientifiche sull'MBL nella regione mediterranea e offrono spunti interessanti per capire dove si trovano le lacune attuali e cosa sarebbe necessario per sviluppare un monitoraggio più efficiente su scala di bacino a sostegno dei nostri sforzi per affrontare il Sfida MBL.
Infine, un'osservazione conclusiva dei risultati complessivi raggiunti nel presente studio è elaborata nel Capitolo 7. Segue una nota sugli altri prodotti non inclusi in questa tesi, ma eseguiti durante il mio periodo di dottorato. Quindi, un elenco di riferimento degli studi menzionati attraverso la tesi conclude questo documento.This thesis entitled “Citizen Science approaches for beach litter monitoring” focuses on Marine Beach Litter (hereafter MBL). MBL represents a huge problem that concerns scientific, economic, and social areas. During the first year of my PhD, a pilot citizen science activity was organized and realized for monitoring beach environment with primary and secondary school students, using the MAC-Emerso protocol. The collected observations were included in the official MAC-Emerso database. During the second year, a bibliometric analysis on the MBL topic has been completed and the achieved results have been organized for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. Furthermore, a preliminary analysis of the available national MAC-Emerso database was carried out. The third year was devoted to compile previous studies and programs focusing on MBL monitoring and cleanup campaigns along the Mediterranean coastline. All the methodologies applied to date have been analysed and compared in detail to identify strengths and weaknesses of current protocols, citizen involvement, and existing gaps. The present thesis consists of eight chapters and two papers and opens with a general introduction describing MBL (Chapter 1). Chapter 2 discusses the overall aim of the PhD research, and summarizes the papers included in the PhD thesis. Chapter 3 examines in detail the Marine Strategy, while Chapter 4 focuses on Citizen Science and the MAC-Emerso protocol. Chapter 5 describes the main results achieved, including the pilot citizen science activity organized and realized for monitoring beach environment with primary and secondary school students using the MAC-Emerso protocol. Chapter 6 includes the collection of the two scientific papers on MBL realized during the PhD activities. The first paper (Cesarano et al., 2021) has been published in Marine Pollution Bulletin (with Q1 ranking), while the second paper has been recently submitted to the same journal. The former explores the global scientific literature on MBL through an accurate bibliometric analysis. The latter presents a systematic review of current literature concerning MBL monitoring along the Mediterranean coasts. Together, they do provide a comprehensive review of the scientific knowledge on MBL in the Mediterranean region and offer interesting insights to understand where current gaps lie, and what would be needed to develop a basin-scale more efficient monitoring in support of our efforts to tackle the MBL challenge. Finally, a concluding remark of the overall results achieved in the present study is elaborated in Chapter 7. A note about the other products not included in this thesis, but performed during my PhD period, follows. Then, a reference list of the studies mentioned through the thesis ends this document.
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Holden, Anna Dean. "Organizing Rural Communities for Effective Citizen Science Programs". The University of Montana, 2007. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-04252007-134546/.
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Citizen science, or the use of volunteers for scientific projects, is becoming a popular way for agencies and organizations to collect data. The benefits of citizen science include saving the agency or organization resources, educating the community about conservation issues, and promoting land stewardship. Currently, many citizen monitoring organizations are based in urban areas, whereas their projects are located near more rural towns. Research shows that demographics such as area of residence can be a factor in the publics attitude toward any scientific or land management project (Williams et al, 2002; Kellert, 1978, 1985; Vaske et al, 2001). This fact was supported by a citizen science project, led by the author, on the Clearwater National Forest. Currently, no citizen science organizing manuals address the issue of rural/urban difference in volunteer recruitment. Additionally, the question of what qualities citizen science must have to be used by government agencies must be determined so that non-governmental organizations can produce useful data. I interviewed 11 successful urban-based citizen science conservation organizations in order to establish the characteristics of successful volunteer recruitment and retention. Additionally, I interviewed five state or federal agencies that used citizen science data in order to establish the characteristics of effective citizen science programs. Using Glesne (1999) as a guide, interviews were numbered and coded. Results showed that successful recruitment methods differ between rural and urban areas, with word of mouth and local newspapers as most effective. Citizens must believe in the program, have a social atmosphere associated with the program, and have a personal relationship with the project organizer in order to volunteer again. There is a difference in rural and urban communities, having to do with different values, priorities, and environmental awareness. Effective citizen science programs share three main characteristics: a proper training program, scientific accuracy, and a quality control program.
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Morais, Alessandra Marli Maria. "Extracting behavioral profiles from citizen science usage logs". Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2016. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m21b/2016/07.06.18.43.
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Citizen science projects are those which recruit volunteers to participate as assistants in scientific studies. These projects are a longstanding tradition of volunteers recruitment which predates the Internet. The advent of the Web enabled the citizen science projects to expand into new domains and gain popularity. Web-based citizen science is established on technological and motivational pillars. Understanding the motivational aspect for volunteers is crucial to plan, design and manage citizen science projects. Some researchers have studied volunteers motivation to work as assistants by conducting interviews with selected subgroups. These studies can elicit detailed information from volunteers, but they are restricted to a subset of participants. Another way to infer some information about the volunteers motivations consist of analyzing records (of which volunteer did what and when) registered by web-based Citizen Science projects. This work aims to investigate information that can be extracted from these records (usage logs), especially those which may help understanding volunteers motivation. To achieve it, this work adapts a model for human interaction with technology in a citizen science context. The adapted model allows the definition of a set of features which will be used in an attempt to characterize volunteers profiles. To conduct this research machine learning algorithms and exploratory data analysis will be used following a data science approach.Projetos de ciência cidadã são aqueles que recrutam voluntários para participar como assistentes em estudos científicos. Esses projetos são uma tradição de longa data que antecede a Internet. O advento da Web permitiu que os projetos de ciência cidadã expandissem em novos domínios e ganhassem popularidade. A ciência cidadã baseada na Web é estabelecida nos pilares tecnológico e motivacional. Compreender o aspecto motivacional dos voluntários é fundamental para planejar, projetar e gerenciar tais projetos. A motivação dos voluntários para trabalhar como assistentes tem sido estudada através da realização de entrevistas com voluntários. Estes estudos podem extrair informações detalhadas dos voluntários, mas são restritos a um subconjunto de participantes. Uma outra maneira para inferir informações sobre a motivação dos voluntários consiste em analizar registros (do que o voluntário fez e quando) coletados por tais projetos. Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar as informações que podem ser extraídas a partir desses registros (logs de uso), especialmente aquelas que possam ajudar a compreender a motivação dos voluntários. Para alcançá-lo, este trabalho adapta um modelo da interação humana com tecnologia no contexto da ciência cidadã. O modelo adaptado permite a definição de um conjunto de características que irá ser utilizado na tentativa de caracterizar perfis de voluntários. Para conduzir esta pesquisa algoritmos de aprendizado de máquina e análise exploratória de dados serão utilizados seguindo um processo Data Science.
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Toriseva, Jenni. "Biofonia : A citizen science service to monitor biodiversity". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Designhögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-155160.
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An increasing amount of both physical and mental layers keep distancing urban dwellers from the biophysical envi- ronment that we often call nature. Environmental psycholo- gists have coined the term ‘extinction of experience’ to de- scribe the decreasing amount of encounters urban dwellers have with the natural environment. With the depletion of these experiences we have less relation to the natural world. And what we cannot relate to, we find hard to value. The intent has been to explore new ways urban dwelling adults could interact with the natural environment in order to help them relate to the abstract notion of biodiversity. The final concept is inspired by expert and user insights gathered through ethnographic research methods. The resulting design concept is a service and product eco- system that is based in the field of soundscape ecology.
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Baytok, Hazal. "Participation in Citizen Science : Motivational and Contextual Factors". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASI001.
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La science citoyenne est la participation de personnes qui ne sont pas des scientifiques à des processus de recherche tels que la collecte et l'analyse de données. La science citoyenne offre de nombreux avantages, tels qu'une collecte de données plus rapide et plus facile, l'étude des défis environnementaux, de la biodiversité au changement climatique, ainsi que la contribution à la recherche en astronomie et la collaboration entre les scientifiques et le public.La réalisation des avantages potentiels de la science citoyenne dépend de la compréhension des perspectives des participants. Dans cette étude, j'examine les différents modes de participation à la science citoyenne et la manière dont les motivations des participants, la conception des plateformes et d'autres facteurs sont associés à ces modes de participation. La thèse contribue à notre compréhension des ingrédients clés dans la conception des programmes de science citoyenne afin d'accroître l'engagement du public.Dans la première partie, j'ai réalisé une étude bibliographique par le biais d'une analyse bibliométrique. Cette partie se concentre sur les défis, les facteurs de succès et les motivations de la science citoyenne. Le reste de la thèse est composé d'une étude qualitative et d'une étude quantitative portant sur trois plateformes de science citoyenne activement utilisées dans le domaine de l'ornithologie dans deux pays, la Turquie et la France, à savoir Faune-France en France, Trakuş et eKuşbank (eBird Turkey) en Turquie.Dans la partie qualitative, au moyen d'entretiens semi-structurés approfondis, j'examine les acteurs, les différents modes de participation, les motivations et les externalités négatives qui peuvent survenir en utilisant la littérature sur les plateformes multilatérales et les biens communs de la connaissance.Les résultats de cette partie nous ont permis d'identifier quatre rôles dans les plateformes : l'ornithologue, le photographe d'oiseaux, le scientifique et le chasseur, qui interagissent les uns avec les autres et créent des externalités.J'ai également constaté deux types de participation : active et passive. En ce qui concerne les motivations, nos résultats suggèrent des similitudes avec les études précédentes. Toutefois, à la différence des travaux précédents, nous avons souligné la nécessité de distinguer les motivations pour l'engagement dans la plateforme, d'une part, et les motivations pour le sujet (les oiseaux), d'autre part.Dans la deuxième partie, en menant une enquête à grande échelle auprès des participants des trois plateformes et une analyse économétrique, j'ai examiné comment les motivations sont associées à la participation, ainsi que les externalités négatives et les valeurs créées par la plateforme. Dans cette partie, je m'appuie sur la théorie de l'autodétermination, les plateformes multilatérales et le concept d'externalités négatives de la littérature sur les biens communs.Les résultats de la deuxième partie suggèrent que les deux types de motivations identifiés dans la première partie (motivation pour le sujet et motivation pour l'engagement sur la plateforme) sont positivement associés à la participation active et passive. En outre, les valeurs offertes par la plateforme et les moyens mis en œuvre par les plateformes pour remédier aux externalités négatives ont des effets différents sur la participation active et passive en fonction du contexte. Ainsi, l'importance perçue des concours par les participants a un effet positif sur leur participation active en France, alors qu'elle n'a pas d'impact significatif en Turquie. De même, l'importance perçue par les participants de la protection des données sensibles par la plateforme est associée négativement à la participation passive en France, alors qu'elle l'est positivement en Turquie. Ces résultats sont importants pour comprendre les participants et mieux concevoir des plateformes de science citoyenne efficacesCitizen science is the participation of people who are not scientists in research processes such as data collection and analysis. Citizen science provides various benefits like faster and easier data collection, investigation of environmental challenges from biodiversity to climate change, as well as contributing to astronomy research and leading to collaboration between the scientists and the public.Realising the potential benefits of citizen science depends on understanding the perspectives of participants. In this study, I examine different ways of participation in citizen science and how the motivations of participants, the design of the platforms, and other factors are associated with these. The thesis contributes to our understanding of the key ingredients in designing citizen science programs so as to increase the engagement of the public.In the first part, I carried out a literature survey by bibliometric analysis. This part focuses on challenges, success factors, and motivations in citizen science. The rest of the thesis is composed of one qualitative and another quantitative study by focusing on three citizen science platforms that are actively used in the field of ornithology in two countries, Turkey and France, which are Faune-France from France, Trakuş and eKuşbank (eBird Turkey) from Turkey.In the qualitative part, through semi-structured in-depth interviews, I examine the actors, different ways of participation, motivations, and negative externalities that may arise using the Multi-Sided Platforms (MSPs) and knowledge commons literature.The results of this part helped us identify four roles in the platforms: birdwatcher, bird photographer, scientist, and hunter, interacting with each other and creating externalities.I also found two types of participation: active and passive. Regarding motivations, the findings suggested similarities in the previous studies. However, as different from previous work, I highlighted the need to distinguish motivations for engagement in the platform on the one hand and motivations for the subject matter (birds in our case) on the other.In the second part, by conducting a large-scale survey targeted at the participants of the three platforms and an econometric analysis, I examined how motivations are associated with participation, as well as the negative externalities and values created by the platform. In this part, I draw upon the Self-Determination Theory (SDT), Multi-Sided Platforms (MSPs), and negative externalities concept from the commons literature.The findings in the second part suggest that the two types of motivations identified in the first part (motivation for the subject and motivation for platform engagement) are positively associated with active and passive participation. Also, values offered by the platform and platforms' ways of addressing negative externalities have different impacts on active and passive participation based on the context, such as the participants' perceived importance of competitions positively affecting their active participation in France, whereas not having a significant impact in Turkey. Similarly, participants' perceived importance of the protection of sensitive data by the platform has a negative association with passive participation in France while being positively associated with it in Turkey. These results are important to understand the participants and to better design successful citizen science platforms
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Benavides, Aerin Benavides. "Meanings teachers make of teaching science outdoors as they explore citizen science". Thesis, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10123698.
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This descriptive case study examined the meanings public elementary school teachers (N = 13) made of learning to enact citizen science projects in their schoolyards in partnership with a local Arboretum. Utilizing Engeström’s (2001) framework of cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT), the Arboretum’s outreach program for area Title 1 schools was viewed as an activity system composed of and acting in partnership with the teachers. The major finding was that teachers designed and mastered new ways of teaching (expansive learning) and transformed their citizen science activity to facilitate student engagement and learning. I highlight four important themes in teachers’ expansive learning: (a) discussion, (b) inclusion, (c) integration, and (d) collaboration. Teacher learning communities formed when colleagues shared responsibilities, formed mentor/mentee relationships, and included student teachers and interns in the activity. This program could serve as a model for elementary school citizen science education, as well as a model for professional development for teachers to learn to teach science and Environmental Education outdoors.
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Prudic, Kathleen, Kent McFarland, Jeffrey Oliver, Rebecca Hutchinson, Elizabeth Long, Jeremy Kerr i Maxim Larrivée. "eButterfly: Leveraging Massive Online Citizen Science for Butterfly Conservation". MDPI AG, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626609.
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Data collection, storage, analysis, visualization, and dissemination are changing rapidly due to advances in new technologies driven by computer science and universal access to the internet. These technologies and web connections place human observers front and center in citizen science-driven research and are critical in generating new discoveries and innovation in such fields as astronomy, biodiversity, and meteorology. Research projects utilizing a citizen science approach address scientific problems at regional, continental, and even global scales otherwise impossible for a single lab or even a small collection of academic researchers. Here we describe eButterfly an integrative checklist-based butterfly monitoring and database web-platform that leverages the skills and knowledge of recreational butterfly enthusiasts to create a globally accessible unified database of butterfly observations across North America. Citizen scientists, conservationists, policy makers, and scientists are using eButterfly data to better understand the biological patterns of butterfly species diversity and how environmental conditions shape these patterns in space and time. eButterfly in collaboration with thousands of butterfly enthusiasts has created a near real-time butterfly data resource producing tens of thousands of observations per year open to all to share and explore.
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Magdziarz, Susan F. "Examining participation in a Dolphin Observation Citizen Science program". Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1523113.
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This research project examined how people utilized the Dolphin Observation Citizen Science Kit at the Crystal Cove Beach Cottages. This study explored whether this citizen science program successfully engaged people in a recreational setting that is not normally associated with science learning opportunities.
Most research on citizen science programs has focused on projects that attract people who already have an interest in science. This study took place in a location that attracts people who may have weak science identities, which made it possible to learn more about how this audience engages in citizen science programs.
The data showed that people in this setting participated in this citizen science program. People with weak and strong science identities used the kit. This indicates that this type of recreational setting could be further explored as a place to engage people with weak science identities in science education activities.
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Soares, Marinalva Dias. "Employing citizen science to label polygons of segmented images". Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 2011. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m19/2011/08.02.16.43.
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A interpretação de cenas em imagem pode ser considerada a associação de significado semântico aos objetos contidos na imagem. Normalmente, antes da interpretação, é preciso segmentar a imagem. A segmentação particiona uma imagem em regiões (usualmente polígonos), de modo que os elementos pertencentes a cada região sejam similares com relação a uma ou mais propriedades tais como nível de cinza, textura ou cor. No entanto, a segmentação pode criar um grande número de polígonos e esses polígonos devem ser rotulados, usualmente com alta informação semântica. A rotulação de polígonos pode ser manual ou automática. A rotulação manual precisa de um especialista humano para usar seu conhecimento e experiência. No entanto, esta tarefa é, embora não complexa, demorada, repetitiva e propensa a erros. É impraticável para um único especialista analisar e rotular polígono por polígono. A rotulação automática deve incorporar conhecimento humano para obter sucesso. Entretanto, a rotulação automática também pode levar a erros uma vez que os algoritmos não podem reproduzir fielmente o conhecimento e experiência que os humanos usam. Esta tese apresenta uma alternativa para rotulação manual de polígonos, baseada em citizen science, usando vários agentes humanos que podem ou não ter o mesmo conhecimento que o especialista para realizar a tarefa de rotulação. Citizen science envolve voluntários do público em geral que agem como participantes ou observadores para coleta, classificação ou análise de dados. Os dados dos voluntários podem ou não ser precisos; erros são esperados. Mas, coletivamente, a participação de voluntários pode gerar conhecimento e bons resultados para a pesquisa científica. O experimento conduzido com os voluntários neste trabalho foi baseado na rotulação de mais de 2400 polígonos resultantes da segmentação de uma imagem de cena urbana. Várias métricas foram derivadas das análises realizadas nos dados coletados durante o processo de rotulação. Isso possibilitou avaliar a qualidade e confiabilidade das rotulações dos voluntários. Essas métricas demonstraram que citizen science é uma abordagem viável e é uma alternativa potencial para ser considerada para rotulação de polígonos. O trabalho também mostra que esta alternativa agrega valores e complementa o conhecimento fornecido pelo especialista do domínio. Exemplos de como essas métricas podem ser empregadas pelo especialista também são apresentados.Interpretation of scenes in image can be considered as associating semantic meaning to objects in the image. Usually, before the interpretation, it is necessary to segment the image. Segmentation partitions an image into regions (usually polygons), so the elements belonging to each region are similar with respect to one or more properties such as gray level, texture or color. However, segmentation may create several polygons and these polygons must be labeled, usually with semantically high information about it. Polygon labeling can be manual or automatic. Manual labeling needs a human expert to use his/her knowledge and experience. However, this task is, though not complex, time-consuming, repetitive and error prone. It is impractical for a single expert to analyze polygon by polygon and label them. Automatic labeling must incorporate human knowledge to be successful. However, automatic labeling may also to lead to errors since algorithms cannot reproduce faithfully the knowledge and experience that humans use. This thesis presents an alternative for manual labeling of polygons, based on citizen science, using several different human agents that may not have the same expertise as the expert to perform the labeling task. Citizen Science involves volunteers from the general public that act as participants or observers for data collection, classification or analysis. The volunteers' data may or may not be accurate; errors are expected. But, collectively, the volunteers' participation can generate knowledge and good results for scientific research. The experiment conducted with the volunteers in this work was based on labeling of more than 2400 polygons resulting from the segmentation of an image of urban scene. Several metrics have been derived from analyzing the data collected during the labeling process. This enabled the evaluation of the quality and reliability of their participation. These metrics demonstrated that citizen science is a feasible approach and it is a potential alternative to be considered for labeling polygons. The work also shows that this alternative aggregates values and complements the knowledge provided by a domain's expert. Examples of how these metrics may be employed by the expert are also presented.
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Silva, Rui Manuel Roque da. "Using data from citizen-science to monitor bird invasions". Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/23690.
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As consequências ecológicas da introdução de espécies exóticas, é uma das questões de
conservação mais preocupantes mundialmente. A utilização de dados de ciência cidadã, tem sido
proposta como uma solução alternativa para analisar este problema. Assim, o nosso principal
objectivo foi avaliar a adequabilidade de dados de ciência cidadã para monitorizar as tendências
populacionais e de distribuição de espécies exóticas (Psittaciformes and Sturnidae) na região
urbana de Lisboa, utilizando três principais grupos de fontes de dados. Estes dados foram
validados, uma vez que foram recolhidos por colaboradores experientes, a quantidade de registos
foi considerável, e os padrões espácio-temporais relativamente homogéneos. Entre as oito
espécies mais registadas, o periquito-rabijunco e o mainá-de-crista, tiveram o maior aumento
populacional e de distribuição. Para o periquitão-de-cabeça-azul, foi igualmente registado um
aumento, mas menos marcado, enquanto as restantes espécies registadas ocasionalmente. Desta
forma, a ciência cidadã demonstrou ser uma ferramenta útil alternativa à ciência convencional; Abstract:
The ecological consequences from the introduction of non-native species are among the major conservation concerns worldwide. Using citizen-science data has been proposed as an alternative solution to asses this problem. Thus, our main goal was to evaluate the suitability of citizen-science data to monitor the population and distribution trend of non-native species (Psittaciformes and Sturnidae) in the urban region of Lisbon. The evaluation included three major groups of data sources. We validated the suitability of citizen-science data since the contributors' expertise is in general high, the amount of records is considerable, and the spatio-temporal patterns are relatively homogeneous. Among the eight most recorded species, the Ring-necked Parakeet and the Crested Myna showed a noticeable increase in population and distribution range. The Blue-crowned Parakeet also increased but less markedly, while for the remaining species there were only occasional records. Therefore, the citizen-science showed to be a valuable alternative to conventional science.
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Munke, Martin. "Citizen Science/Bürgerwissenschaften: Projekte, Probleme, Perspektiven (am Beispiel Sachsen)". Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A21204.
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Unter dem englischen Begriff Citizen Science und seiner deutschen Entsprechung Bürgerwissenschaften werden eine Reihe von Konzepten gefasst, die eine Beteiligung von Laien bei der Generierung wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse bezeichnen. Diese Konzepte sind eng verbunden mit der Vorstellung einer Offenen Wissenschaft (Open Science) und ihrem Ziel, 'Wissenschaft einer größeren Zahl von Menschen einfacher zugänglich zu machen' (Wikipedia). Der Vortrag im Rahmen der Konferenz 'Forschungsdesign 4.0. Datengenerierung und Wissenstransfer in interdisziplinärer Perspektive' des Instituts für Sächsische Geschichte und Volkskunde e.V. vom 19. bis 21. April 2018 an der Sächsischen Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden untersuchte unterschiedliche Definitionsansätze zusammengeführt und skizzierte am Beispiel aktueller Projekte aus Sachsen Probleme und Perspektiven von Citizen Science allgemein.
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Munke, Martin. "Citizen Science/Bürgerwissenschaft: Projekte, Probleme, Perspektiven am Beispiel Sachsen". Institut für Sächsische Geschichte und Volkskunde, 2019. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A35925.
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Reynolds, Emily Ann, i Emily Ann Reynolds. "Examining the Effectiveness of Citizen Science in Wildlife Conservation". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622833.
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The purpose of this research was to develop, implement, and evaluate a citizen science program to survey and monitor for jaguars (Panthera onca) and ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) within key mountain ranges in southwest Arizona. I had three main objectives: 1.) develop and implement a citizen science program to train participants with little or no knowledge of wildlife conservation, 2.) identify program effectiveness in comparison with experts in terms of the quality of data gathered and the financial and administrative costs/benefits, 3.) understand what creates an effective citizen science program and how it can be replicated in the future. This research examined the efficacy of using citizen science as a tool to connect the public and scientific community through education and a research-based project. A network of citizen scientists were provided extensive education and training by field experts to participate in jaguar and ocelot monitoring in southern Arizona. The scale and scope of this project is unprecedented in the citizen science literature; participants drove and hiked off-trail monitoring wildlife cameras monthly for a minimum of one year in extremely rugged backcountry conditions in the mountains near the U.S./Mexico border. Citizen science participants were challenged by terrain, weather, and border issues during their time on this project. Despite these challenges, our group of nine citizen scientists successfully downloaded and sorted 28,637 photos from 22 cameras at 14 monitoring sites over 12 months. They logged a total of 327 hours of fieldwork including driving, hiking, and performing camera maintenance. After finishing a site visit, citizen scientists also sorted photos identifying wildlife, logging approximately 109 hours of data organization. In addition, 100% of our citizen scientists adhered to our protocols that we tested and implemented in the field over a one-year period. Citizen scientists continue to monitor remote wildlife cameras in the rugged mountainous regions of this southern Arizona study area. Citizen science is often criticized because of skepticism from the scientific community regarding data integrity, quality control, and potentially biased data. This research aimed to exam the data integrity of citizen scientists by comparing it to the data analyzed by experts. When comparing the ability of citizen scientists and field team experts in sorting and correctly identifying wildlife, I found strong positive correlations between the levels of data quality. These high positive correlations indicate that, with training, citizen scientists are capable of accurately identifying wildlife from camera data nearly as well as the field team experts, and can be an excellent surrogate for experts. Connecting volunteers to the natural landscape through hands-on science research has the potential to create many positive experiences. Citizen science can increase participant’s knowledge of science, build trust and foster understanding, and can create a more informed public. Despite these benefits, data integrity is the most important aspect of research and data collected by non-scientists remains heavily scrutinized. Collaboration amongst professionals, educators, program designers, and data managers is necessary to ensure that project goals are achieved while maintaining scientific integrity. Continuing to examine citizen science programs is important to advance the field of citizen science and foster meaningful relationships between the public and scientists. This study provided a unique opportunity to use non-scientists to augment data collection and assessment in the scientific workplace to advance jaguar and ocelot conservation. We strongly believe that citizen scientists remain an underutilized resource for helping scientists collect and analyze data in a climate of reduced funding and increasing need for long-term monitoring.
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Bonney, Patrick. "Citizen science: Knowledge, networks and the boundaries of participation". Thesis, Federation University Australia, 2020. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/175268.
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The water-related challenges facing humanity are complex and urgent. Although solutions are not always clear, involving the public in localised knowledge production and policy development is widely recognised as a critical part of this larger effort. Such public engagement is increasingly achieved through “citizen science”—a practice that involves non-professionals in scientific research and monitoring. Academic literature has recognised that, while citizen science is both important and necessary to strengthen environmental policy, its acceptance and successful implementation is a difficult governance challenge. Researchers agree that overcoming this challenge depends on the ability of volunteers, coordinators, scientists and decision-makers to work together to convert the potential of citizen science into practice. However, little is known about the collaborative relationships or the broader social contexts that shape and define the practice. To address these shortfalls, this thesis advances a conceptual framework for the relational analysis of citizen science that illustrates social networks and the boundaries between expert and community-based knowledge as critical sites of investigation. Through its multi-phase and mixed-methods research design, the findings of this thesis shed light on the contributions of citizen science to key waterway governance objectives, including the social, political and cultural factors that influence its acceptance and uptake in governance contexts. By unpacking the relational dimensions of citizen science, this thesis provides both theoretical and practice-based insights into how actors within and outside citizen science programs work together to achieve collective aims to engender stronger connections between science, society and policy. This thesis will benefit practitioners, policymakers and participatory advocates interested in achieving practical social change in efforts to understand and manage natural resources.Doctor of Philosophy
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Decker, Hannah. "Citizen Science: Training Pet Dogs to Detect the Spotted Lanternfly". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/105006.
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Dogs have been used alongside humans as detection tools for centuries. There have been a multitude of studies published that demonstrate the accuracy and utility of detection dogs, more specifically conservation scent detection dogs. With ubiquitous agricultural threats in the United States, there is a need for a tool to help decrease the threat level. Pet dogs could be the answer. There are millions of pet dogs in the United States and with the success of the dog sport nose work there is the potential to use pet dogs as detection tools. In this proof-of-concept study, six pet dogs were trained to detect the spotted lanternfly. The dogs completed a training phase and five tests. The mean sensitivity of the six dogs, for the five tests, was 79.75%. The mean PPP of the six dogs, for all five tests, was 66.79%. The results suggest that these six dogs could be beneficial detection tools for the Spotted Lanternfly. Based on the findings in this study, pet dogs could be invaluable in the field of conservation scent detection.Master of Science
Dogs have been used alongside humans as detection tools for centuries. There have been a multitude of studies published that demonstrate the accuracy and utility of detection dogs, more specifically conservation scent detection dogs. With ubiquitous agricultural threats in the United States, there is a need for a tool to help decrease the threat level. Pet dogs could be the answer. There are millions of pet dogs in the United States and with the success of the dog sport nose work there is the potential to use pet dogs as detection tools. In this proof-of-concept study, six pet dogs were trained to detect the spotted lanternfly. The dogs completed a training phase and five tests. The mean sensitivity, or proportion of correct detections, of the six dogs, for the five tests, was 79.75%. The mean PPP, or likelihood it is that the source of odor is present when a dog offers an alert; of the six dogs, for all five tests, was 66.79%. The results suggest that these six dogs could be beneficial detection tools for the Spotted Lanternfly. Based on the findings in this study, pet dogs could be invaluable in the field of conservation scent detection.
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Albertini, Elisa. "Citizen science e biodiversità: un’app per il monitoraggio del Mediterraneo". Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/24709/.
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Lo sfruttamento e l’inquinamento dovuti alla mano dell’uomo, unito ai cambiamenti climatici, come il surriscaldamento globale, hanno portato il Mar Mediterraneo a mutare il suo ricchissimo ma delicato ecosistema. Si è dunque reso necessario studiare con cura la situazione in cui si trova questo mare, in modo da raccogliere dati di vario genere (come il livello di inquinamento delle acque, la temperatura e le condizioni della fauna) per cercare di porre rimedio ai danni che lo stanno già modificando. Allo stesso tempo si è cercato anche di insegnare ai cittadini quanto sia importante rispettare il mare e averne cura, per questo si è ricorsi alla Citizen Science (CS), una tecnica, molto utilizzata nei progetti per la salvaguardia dell’ambiente, che ha appunto lo scopo di mettere in prima linea la cittadinanza in ambito scientifico. “Sentinelle del mare”, il punto di partenza di questo progetto di tesi, è appunto un progetto di CS che consiste nel far raccogliere dati sulla fauna marina, tramite un questionario, a dei sub amatoriali dopo le loro immersioni. È stata dunque sviluppata un’app mobile nativa, tramite React Native (tecnologia che permette di sviluppare un’unica applicazione per tutti i sistemi operativi), che informatizzasse il processo di raccolta dati, tramite un DataBase (realizzato mediante PostgreSQL) e delle API RESTful (collegate al DB tramite TypeORM e realizzate mediante NestJS), e che, allo stesso tempo, rendesse l’esperienza più interessante per gli utenti tramite alcune funzionalità di “gamification”.
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Sienknecht, Jos, Daniel Villafranca, Jennifer Martel i Sarah Lamb. "Promoting Sustainability through the Integration of Citizen Science and Ecotourism". Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för strategisk hållbar utveckling, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-16447.
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This study aims to draw attention to a new concept within the tourism industry that integrates citizen science into an ecotourism product. The merge of citizen science and ecotourism shows potential to play a role in strategic sustainable development and to give ecotourism providers a competitive advantage in the market. However, the environmental and social benefits of this concept can only be realized if it is applied correctly. The framework for strategic for strategic sustainable development (FSSD) was used to address the complexity surrounding ecotourism and the use of citizen science. The study used a mixed method research design by conducting exploratory interviews, and then distributing a questionnaire to validate the qualitative findings. Results demonstrate that the merge of citizen science and ecotourism could contribute to sustainability through education, conservation, local community engagement, and the increased environmental awareness of the travellers. Additionally, it demonstrates that the integration of citizen science in an ecotourism product might create business benefits for the ecotourism providers in conjunction with a dynamic learning experience for the consumer. This study makes adaptions to a widely used citizen science toolkit and recommends appropriate changes to the process in order to ensure that it is effective for ecotourism providers while incorporating sustainability throughout the product design phase.
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Yang, Haofan. "Reputation modelling in citizen science for environmental acoustic data analysis". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/54657/1/Haofan_Yang_Thesis.pdf.
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Citizen Science projects are initiatives in which members of the general public participate in scientific research projects and perform or manage research-related tasks such as data collection and/or data annotation. Citizen Science is technologically possible and scientifically significant. However, as the gathered information is from the crowd, the data quality is always hard to manage. There are many ways to manage data quality, and reputation management is one of the common approaches.
In recent year, many research teams have deployed many audio or image sensors in natural environment in order to monitor the status of animals or plants. The collected data will be analysed by ecologists. However, as the amount of collected data is exceedingly huge and the number of ecologists is very limited, it is impossible for scientists to manually analyse all these data. The functions of existing automated tools to process the data are still very limited and the results are still not very accurate. Therefore, researchers have turned to recruiting general citizens who are interested in helping scientific research to do the pre-processing tasks such as species tagging. Although research teams can save time and money by recruiting general citizens to volunteer their time and skills to help data analysis, the reliability of contributed data varies a lot. Therefore, this research aims to investigate techniques to enhance the reliability of data contributed by general citizens in scientific research projects especially for acoustic sensing projects. In particular, we aim to investigate how to use reputation management to enhance data reliability.
Reputation systems have been used to solve the uncertainty and improve data quality in many marketing and E-Commerce domains. The commercial organizations which have chosen to embrace the reputation management and implement the technology have gained many benefits. Data quality issues are significant to the domain of Citizen Science due to the quantity and diversity of people and devices involved. However, research on reputation management in this area is relatively new. We therefore start our investigation by examining existing reputation systems in different domains. Then we design novel reputation management approaches for Citizen Science projects to categorise participants and data. We have investigated some critical elements which may influence data reliability in Citizen Science projects. These elements include personal information such as location and education and performance information such as the ability to recognise certain bird calls. The designed reputation framework is evaluated by a series of experiments involving many participants for collecting and interpreting data, in particular, environmental acoustic data. Our research in exploring the advantages of reputation management in Citizen Science (or crowdsourcing in general) will help increase awareness among organizations that are unacquainted with its potential benefits.
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Kreofsky, Tess Marie. "Isn’t Citizen Science a Hoot? A Case-study Exploring the Effectiveness of Citizen Science as an Instrument to Teach the Nature of Science through a Local Nocturnal Owl-Monitoring Project". PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2645.
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Citizen science projects present a distinctive opportunity for professional and volunteer scientists to coordinate their efforts to gather unique sets of data that can benefit the scientific and local communities. These projects are assumed to be an effective educational tool to teach nature of science (NOS) to participants (Brossard, Lewenstein, Bonney, 2005). This case study evaluates the effectiveness of participation in a citizen science project as a way to learn about NOS. Through enhancement of the Tryon Creek Owl Monitoring Project the researcher reviewed the characteristics of a citizen science project that were thought to be necessary to impact the volunteers' knowledge of NOS. The study also explored the benefits and limitations to organizing the citizen science protect using the principles of action research. Analysis of participants' knowledge and the effectiveness of active research theory, was evaluated through pre- and post- questionnaires and interviews. Although volunteers were able to explore the core themes of NOS through actively engaging in the scientific process, they did not experience a statistically significant change in their demonstration of understanding. For a multitude of reasons, participants had a positive experience with the presence of an embedded researcher within the project. This case study supports the use of active research as a guide to ensure that within each project the needs of both the scientific community and the volunteer scientists are met.
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Mason, Aaron D. "Monitoring individual animals through a collaborative crowdsourcing and citizen science platform". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2016. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/810995/.
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Improvements in communication technology means that increasing numbers of people around the world can share information with increasing ease. This information is forming knowledge in forms that was not previously conventionally possible. It is enabling new communities to be formed. This research aimed to determine how this data could be exploited and combined with additional complementary tools to enable automated large-scale non-intrusive monitoring of wildlife, and in particular keystone species. Three proof-of-concept research studies explored automated camera traps, citizen science and large-scale crowdsourcing to determine the potential of a system that combines this technology and its use for automated monitoring of wild animals. The results demonstrated that internet-connected camera traps are capable of collecting valuable visual data at a large-scale. However, for keystone species, such as tigers, the scale required for monitoring presents technical and economic challenges. The participation of citizen scientists to collect and analyse data demonstrated a potential monitoring mechanism. However, the volume of data provided for such a focused practice proved insufficient for accurate large-scale monitoring. The Wildsense project, which used publicly-available image data from the Web as its primary data source demonstrated that there is additional data available that can be processed with the participation of citizen scientists. The popularity and overall interest towards this project showed that crowdsourcing is a viable method for collecting relevant data for animal monitoring. It was concluded that the proof-of-concept experiments completed provided evidence that there is a potential to monitor individual animals through an automated approach and a system architecture is proposed. There is potential for automated large scale monitoring using the proposed framework. However, there are significant challenges to overcome and multiple directions for future work are recommended for exploration.
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L'Ecuyer, François. "Naturewatch Canada: Metadata Analysis for a Citizen-Science Based Monitoring Program". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35883.
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NatureWatch Canada, a citizen science program, collects and analyses data pertaining to plant phenology, frog species and ice coverage over water bodies in Canada to monitor trends through time and space in relation to climate change. An important question is whether this database is currently usable to infer environmental changes through space and time. This thesis presents a metadata analysis of the Nature Watch database in order to identify the spatial validity, quality, reliability and usability of the current data. We first explore citizen science through a review of the literature, followed by a detailed analysis of the content of the database. We also produce an example Newsletter for each module to illustrate some of the current trends in the data. The Frogwatch Newsletter shows how weather conditions in 2001 may have favored a population spurt of Leopard frogs resulting from more spawning ponds essential for this species. Next the Plantwatch Newsletter reveals that an increase in Aspen poplar and Prairie crocus in 2002 may have been due to fires during the preceding years. Lastly, the Icewatch Newsletter shows how ice formation, but not melt, reveals a clear trend of occurring 17 days later over the last 100 years with a stronger increase starting in the sixties for Western Ontario. In summary, this thesis presents a detailed metadata analysis of the Naturewatch database in order to provide recommendations for its improvement in the future. Improving programs like Naturewatch Canada is important to monitoring climate and ecological changes that could be applied throughout the Canadian North which are not currently well represented in this database.
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Parfitt, Ian. "Citizen science in conservation biology : best practices in the geoweb era". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44346.
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Conservation biology emerged as an activist discipline in the 1980s in response to increasing evidence that Earth is undergoing a biodiversity crisis. Building on foundations of biological science and applied resource management methods, this new discipline called upon its practitioners to both undertake scientific research to improve understanding of all species and ecosystems, and to take social and political action to protect and enhance endangered biodiversity. In the current era of declining budgets for biodiversity research and management, volunteer citizen science is gaining recognition as an important strategy for expanding and extending the work of embattled professional conservation biologists. New technologies such as handheld computers, GPS, GIS, interactive map services, and the internet, and the wide-spread availability, adoption and adaptation of these technologies by the general public, have created an environment where citizens can be rapidly mobilized to gather, process, and communicate data in support of conservation biology’s twin goals.
In this thesis I explore citizen science within conservation biology and within the concept of the GeoWeb. I trace the history of citizen science in biology since the late 1800s to the current day, to better understand the practice and its contribution to conservation science. I find that citizen science is often employed to undertake research at large spatial scales, and that often location is a key attribute of the data citizens gather; as a result, the infrastructure and methods of the GeoWeb are fundamental to many citizen science projects.
In the spirit of conservation biology, I pair my research of citizen science with the assembly of a set of best practices for increasing the impact of the practice on the conservation agenda, and then evaluate twelve current citizen science projects currently underway in British Columbia against these practices. I conclude that citizen participation in biological science furthers both of conservation biology’s goals: it both increases our body of knowledge about biodiversity, and helps to develop an informed and empowered constituency for conservation action and ecologically sustainable stewardship.
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Curtis, Vickie. "Online citizen science projects : an exploration of motivation, contribution and participation". Thesis, Open University, 2015. http://oro.open.ac.uk/42239/.
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The number of online citizen science projects has increased significantly over the past decade, yet some aspects of participation are poorly understood as is the motivation behind the involvement of the scientists who set up these projects, and the citizen scientists who take part. This thesis explores three different online citizen science projects (Foldit, Folding@home and Planet Hunters) using a case study approach and data collected through online surveys, interviews and participant observation. It explores the motivations that initiate and sustain participation, and it examines the various ways individuals can contribute to these projects. It also investigates how participants (both professional scientists and citizen scientists) interact online. A number of theoretical models of motivation and participation are considered. While many individuals register to take part in these projects, only a small proportion become active participants. These active citizen scientist volunteers are motivated to participate because they want to make a contribution to science or have a background interest in science. Scientists set up these projects in order to get help analysing large volumes of data, particularly those that require human pattern recognition or problem-solving skills. The complexity of the project task and the presence of certain technological features can affect how participants interact with each other, and how they contribute. Tasks that are complex are more likely to present opportunities for cooperation and collaboration, and may foster the development of online communities of practice. The findings of this research suggest that online citizen science projects have been important in making scientific research more open for a number of distributed volunteers. These individuals have responded to the challenges presented by these projects, increasing their scientific and technical understanding, and self-organising into various roles and teams in order to produce new knowledge.
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Buchholz, Seth D. "Rapid Cyanotoxin Detection Technology in Routine Monitoring and Citizen Science Groups". Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1616074976068045.
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Buckthal, Eric D. ebucktha. "JUICINESS IN CITIZEN SCIENCE COMPUTER GAMES: ANALYSIS OF A PROTOTYPICAL GAME". DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2014. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1278.
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Incorporating the collective problem-solving skills of non-experts could ac- celerate the advancement of scientific research. Citizen science games leverage puzzles to present computationally difficult problems to players. Such games typ- ically map the scientific problem to game mechanics and visual feed-back helps players improve their solutions. Like games for entertainment, citizen science games intend to capture and retain player attention. “Juicy” game design refers to augmented visual feedback systems that give a game personality without modi- fying fundamental game mechanics. A “juicy” game feels alive and polished. This thesis explores the use of “juicy” game design applied to the citizen science genre. We present the results of a user study in its effect on player motivation with a prototypical citizen science game inspired by clustering-based E. coli bacterial strain analysis.
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Fleischacker, Michael J. "A qualitative-quantitative social science comparison of two community workshops". Virtual Press, 1997. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1061977.
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This study has contributed to two areas of growing interest and involvement: the knowledge base of public participation in community workshops for design practitioners and Muncie's White River project.Two community workshops were conducted and compared to study their processes and end results. All variables were constant between both workshops with the exception of a video, When the Wind Stops by Dianne Haak and Bernard Wilets, shown at the beginning of only one workshop. The group dynamics of the workshops were reviewed to understand their influence. It was determined that group size, persons conducting the workshops, the video, and the composition of the participants all affected the workshops' process and results.Focusing on the proposed White River Corridor Greenway, participants generated 183 ideas for increasing use and extending ownership of the river to the community. Participants produced 51 benefits, 85 potential physical development, and 47 programs and activities for improving connections to the creation and use of the river greenway.Department of Landscape Architecture
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Rögele, Alena [Verfasser]. "Scientific Reasoning and Citizen Science : Enabling students and adults to become scientifically literate citizens of tomorrow’s society / Alena Rögele". Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2023. http://d-nb.info/1237684501/34.
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Llorente, Lope Carolina 1989. "Analysis of citizen participation in science : perceptions of the different actors involved". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670304.
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The main objective of this thesis is to improve understanding of citizen participation in science in Spain. Specifically, it analyses the characteristics of current participatory practices and the opinions and attitudes of two of the main actors involved (scientists and citizens). The research has been divided into three studies based on qualitative (semi-structured interviews) and quantitative (questionnaires) methodologies. The main results suggest that activities of citizen participation in science require solid scientific communication throughout the process, as well as prior planning and training (for participants and for researchers). The results indicate that Spanish researchers do not fully know their publics. However, scientists consider that they have a responsibility in science communication and public engagement activities. Spanish civil society organizations participate to a little extent in science and do not know their own potential to produce more socially relevant research.Esta tesis tiene como objetivo principal mejorar la comprensión sobre la participación ciudadana en ciencia en España. En concreto, analiza las características de prácticas participativas actuales y las opiniones y actitudes de dos de los principales actores involucrados (científicos y ciudadanos). La investigación se ha dividido en tres estudios basados en metodologías cualitativas (entrevistas semiestructuradas) y cuantitativas (cuestionarios). Los principales resultados sugieren que las actividades de ciencia participativa necesitan una buena comunicación científica a lo largo de todo el proceso, así como planificación y formación previas (para los participantes y para los investigadores). Los resultados indican que los investigadores españoles no conocen del todo a su público. Sin embargo, consideran que tienen una responsabilidad en la comunicación de la ciencia y las actividades de public engagement. Las organizaciones de la sociedad civil española participan poco en ciencia y no conocen su propio potencial para producir una investigación socialmente más relevante.
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Angala, Hallo Angaleni Nameya. "Citizen science, treatment and microbial compliance monitoring in rainwater harvesting in Namibia". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/62082.
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Bracey, Georgia L. "Teaching with Citizen Science| An Exploratory Study of Teachers' Motivations & Perceptions". Thesis, University of Missouri - Saint Louis, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10791145.
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With the continued emphasis in the United States on science teaching reform as a way to increase science learning and the scientific literacy of all, the integration of informal science learning activities like citizen science is emerging as a possible way to enhance formal science teaching and learning. There is a limited but growing number of studies indicating that the general public is learning science content and process from participating in citizen science, but research in this area is just beginning and the use of citizen science projects by teachers in formal classroom settings has barely been examined at all. This qualitative study examined three research questions: 1) What motivates experienced middle school science teachers to use citizen science programs in their classrooms? 2) What do experienced middle school science teachers perceive to be the impact on their students as a result of using citizen science in their classrooms? and 3) What do experienced middle school science teachers perceive as the challenges in using citizen science in their classrooms? Twenty-two middle school teachers from across the United States were interviewed about their motivations and expectations regarding their use of citizen science projects in their classrooms. Using a basic thematic analysis, responses from these semi-structured interviews were coded and themes were developed. Findings indicated that teachers use citizen science to engage their students in authentic science experiences that make a contribution to science and society. Also, teachers perceive that citizen science activities broaden students’ perspectives and build their agency to make a difference in their environment. Teachers perceived two main challenges with citizen science: making the task meaningful and ensuring that students experience the whole scientific process. This study makes a start at understanding why teachers use citizen science and how they perceive it to impact their students.
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Armstrong, Zoey Nicole. "Modeling distributions of Cantharellus formosus using natural history and citizen science data". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1619006107999476.
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Sprinks, James C. "Designing task workflows to ensure the best scientific outcomes in citizen science". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/42108/.
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Citizen science, or ‘public participation in scientific research’, can be described as research conducted, in whole or in part, by amateur or nonprofessional participants often through crowd-sourcing techniques. The advance of modern day internet technology that has made the world a more connected place has resulted in a surge of citizen science projects, especially online platforms which allow volunteers to take part in research in both an asynchronous and geographically abstract manner. Due to this increased interest, citizen science is becoming a distinct field of research in its own right beyond the original scientific problems it was devised to address. Although some of this research has considered interface HCI and functionality, there has been relatively little attention paid specifically to human factors issues. Through this work we attempt to address this shortfall, by considering citizen science as a form of ‘work’. Due to its similarities in terms of repetition with production lines of the early 20th century and more recently on-screen visual inspection tasks, some of the many decades of ergonomics research in this field are applied specifically to the virtual citizen science arena. We make a first step in considering how virtual citizen science systems can be better designed for the needs of the volunteer, exploring how manipulating task flow affects both the quality of information collected, and the volunteers’ experience of using the interface. A hierarchical task analysis of 12 Zooniverse projects revealed that the types of tasks, judgements and the way they are presented to the volunteer varies greatly, independent of the science discipline involved. Furthermore, through differing designs of the Zooniverse’s ‘Planet Four: Craters’ platform, it was shown that task workflow design factors such as autonomy, variety, task type and volunteer judgement required can influence the amount of data collected, the accuracy of this data and both volunteer engagement and motivation. Simpler tasks with fewer volunteer judgements required resulted in a significantly greater volume of data collected, however accuracy is affected with an increase of false-positive classifications. Volunteers reported a preference for greater autonomy and task variety, a stance reflected in the number of times they visited and returned to the platform, however this also significantly reduced the accuracy of classifications – both in terms of inter-participant agreement and expert judgement comparison. The interplay of task workflow factors and their effect has been shown to be a complex affair. Through the empirical data collected, a model has been derived predicting the influence of different task workflow configurations on classification numbers over time since a platforms’ launch. It demonstrates that when considering task workflow design, developers of future citizen science platforms will need to perform a balancing act. The importance of user engagement, the data needs of the science case and the resources that can be committed both in terms of time and data reduction will need to be weighed, and balanced with the realistic public reach and promotion the science case can be predicted to generate.
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Korvala, T. (Tapio), i H. (Hannu) Raappana. "Open visual guidance system for mobile senior citizen". Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2015. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201505211603.
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The elderly citizen’s health care need some radical changes and improvements to alleviate the situation where the quality of service must be enhanced without overburdening the caregivers under the weighty workload. Much of research is done and many researchers all around the world emphasize the importance of assistive technologies. Current technological advancements in communication allow us to build systems which could be useful tools for the caregivers and allow the elderly to live more autonomous and active life. Offering stimulus to the elderly to experience with the technology could lessen the feel of social isolation and ameliorate the quality of service significantly. Shrinking electronics, mobiles and sensors do not bound the use only in homes or facilities, but allow the use in many different environments. While using technology of this kind, the caregivers could give guidance or follow the health status of a mobile elderly citizen in remote fashion and give help if needed. This thesis is also immersing in the matter by producing a Visual Guidance system that utilizes current mobile technology, actuators, sensors and uses a virtual reality as a communication medium between the caregivers and elderly citizens.
The system consists of two different parts combined together to form a real-time communication system between caregivers and elderly citizen. The system uses Android smart phone’s built-in sensors to track the movement of the elderly. Those sensors are location based sensors such as GPS and acceleration and magnetometer sensors. This system provides an open map view of the world where the elderly citizen move. Also to improve the communication between the elderly and caregiver, video and audio communication has been used as one of our research aims. The caregiver can remotely use the smart phone to open video and audio communication with the elderly if needed. The system has been integrated with indicator base smart glasses so that when the elderly citizen are on the move, the caregiver can give directional advices on where and when to go.
The authors used integration testing to evaluate the system and comparing the current system functions with the requirements of the system. Also the authors made sure that the delay with communication was small enough so it would be safe for the caregivers to communicate with the elderly citizen.
For future work we suggested various actions such as integrating indicator based glasses with the Pupil Pro glasses, finding the most appropriate security solutions for the system and testing the system with real-life caregivers and elderly citizen.
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Potgieter, Elnari. "Predictors of political participation in new democracies : a comparative study". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85612.
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Thesis (MA)-- Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Comparative studies investigating predictors of political participation in new democracies are rare. This study addresses an identified gap in the literature on predictors of political participation in new democracies in order to build on the rich body of literature concerned with political participation and democratic consolidation which already exists, but also to contribute towards understanding the role of citizens and their decisions pertaining to political participation in new democracies. In order to address the identified gap, this cross-national comparative study uses World Values Survey (2006) data for Chile, Poland, South Africa, and South Korea as part of a cross-sectional secondary analysis aimed at ascertaining what predictors of political participation can be identified for these new democracies. Drawing primarily from studies by Shin (1999) and Dalton (2008) which used the Civic Voluntarism Model by Verba, Schlozman and Brady (1995) as theoretical framework, predictors of political participation considered in this study include: personal resources (level of education and self-reported social class), political engagement and motivation (political interest and leftright political ideology), group membership and networks, as well as demographic attributes (age, gender and size of town). Forms of political participation investigated include: voting as conventional form of participation; and boycotts, petitions and demonstrations as forms of political protest behaviour. The relationships between the possible predictors of participation and forms of political participation were determined by multiple regression analysis. The main findings by this study are that political interest is an important predictor of voting and political protest behaviour; age is a strong predictor of voting; and group membership has a greater impact on political protest behaviour than on voting.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Vergelykende studies wat ondersoek instel na voorspellende faktore van deelname aan politieke aktiwiteite in jong demokrasieë, is skaars. Deur indikatore van politieke deelname in nuwe demokrasieë na te vors, spreek hierdie studie dus die geïdentifiseerde gaping in die literatuur aan en brei dit uit op die korpus tekste aangaande politieke deelname en demokratiese konsolidasie. Verder bevorder dit ook ’n beter begrip van landsburgers en hul besluite rakende politieke deelname in jong demokrasieë. Ten einde die aangeduide literatuurgaping te oorbrug, steun hierdie verglykende studie op data van die “World Values Survey” (2006) vir Chili, Pole, Suid-Afrika en Suid-Korea. Dit vorm deel van ’n sekondêre analise om individuele eienskappe as voorspellers van deelname aan politieke aktiwiteite in nuwe demokrasieë, te identifiseer. Studies deur Shin (1999) en Dalton (2008), wat gebruik maak van Verba, Schlozman en Brady (1995) se “Civic Voluntarism Model”, dien as primêre teoretiese begronding. Daaruit word afgelei dat moontlike voorspellers van deelname aan politieke aktiwiteite gelys kan word as: persoonlike hulpbronne (vlak van opvoeding en self-geidentifiseerde sosiale klas); politieke betrokkenheid en motivering (belangstelling in politiek en politieke ideologie); groeplidmaatskap en –netwerke asook demografiese eienskappe (ouderdom, geslag en grootte van dorp). Die vorme van politieke aktiwiteite waaraan daar aandag gegee word, is eerstens stemgedrag tydens nasionale verkiesings as konvensionele vorm van politieke deelname en tweedens biokotte, petisies en demonstrasies as vorme van politieke protesgedrag. Die hoof bevindinge van hierdie studie is dat politieke belangstelling ‘n belangrike voorspeller is vir stemgedrag en politieke protesgedrag; ouderdom is ‘n sterk voorspeller vir deelname aan verkiesings en groeplidmaatskap het ‘n groter invloed op politieke protesgedrag as op die keuse om te stem.
Mandela Rhodes Foundation
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Viippola, Lotta. "Citizen Science i Abisko : Hur ser förutsättningarna ut inom forskning i nordliga ekosystem?" Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-106592.
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In this paper I examine the possibilities for researchers in the field of climate change in the arctic ecosystems to collaborate with people of the common public for monitoring or to answer scientific questions, sometimes called Citizen Science. I have done this by focusing on the research community of Abisko, northern Sweden. I present a number of examples of possible projects that I have collected through literature, interviews and field work with researchers. Furthermore, I argue that Citizen Science projects might be a tool for nature guides in reaching adventurous visitors searching for more understanding of climate change, ecosystems, and who also want to contribute to real science. However, Citizen Science can also be a part of the democratization of a community when local people get engaged. Thus different aspects of Citizen Science are suitable for different target groups.
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Darch, Peter T. "When scientists meet the public : an investigation into citizen cyberscience". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4689b91f-a314-4957-900b-666d2394ebd6.
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Citizen Cyberscience Projects (CCPs) are projects mediated through the Internet, in which teams of scientists recruit members of the public (volunteers) to assist in scientific research, typically through the processing of large quantities of data. This thesis presents qualitative ethnographic case studies of the communities that have formed around two such projects, climateprediction.net and Galaxy Zoo. By considering these social actors in the broader contexts in which they are situated (historical, institutional, social, scientific), I discuss the co-shaping of the interests of these actors, the nature of the relationships amongst these actors, and the infrastructure of the projects and the purposes and nature of the scientific work performed. The thesis focusses on two relationships in particular. The first is that between scientists and volunteers, finding that, although scientists in both projects are concerned with treating volunteers with respect, there are nevertheless considerable differences between the projects. These are related to a number of interconnecting factors, including the particular contexts in which each project is embedded, the nature of the scientific work that volunteers are asked to undertake, the possibilities and challenges for the future development of the projects as perceived by the scientists, and the tools at the disposal of the respective teams of scientists for mediating relationships with volunteers. The second is amongst the volunteers themselves. This thesis argues that volunteers are heterogeneous, from disparate backgrounds, and that they sustain their involvement in CCPs for very different purposes. In particular, they seek to pursue these through the way they negotiate and construct their relationships with other volunteers, drawing on particular features of the project to do so. This thesis contributes to two fields. The first is to Citizen Cyberscience itself, with a view to improving the running of such projects. Some social studies have already been conducted of CCPs to this end, and this thesis both extends the analysis of some of these pre-existing studies and also problematizes aspects of CCPs that these studies had not considered. I discuss the significance of my findings for those involved in setting up and running a CCP, and present some recommendations for practice. The second field is Science and Technology Studies, in particular studies of public engagement with scientific and technological decision- and knowledge-making processes. The modes of engagement found in CCPs differ in key ways from those that have already been documented in the existing literature (in particular, different power relationships) and thus offer new ways of understanding how the public might be engaged successfully in such processes.
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Deng, C. (Canrong). "Multi user support for senior citizen visual guidance system". Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2016. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201603251353.
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Due to the population aging phenomenon, the working-age population will decline in the future while the seniors’ quality of life can decline. A lot of research has been done and many of researchers figure out modern ICT and mobile technology needs to shoulder more responsibility in elderly care. The benefit of science and technology should be brought to senior citizens’ life.
Moreover, the smartphone ownership rate has been increasing in recent years, espe- cially the percentage of Android phone ownership. Because elders will take smart- phone everywhere, installing an application in senior citizen’s Android phone is a good way to track their movements. The caregivers could give guidance remotely to elders based on their location and surrounding environment scene by using mobile technology of this kind.
The multi user support for senior citizen visual guidance system consists of five components: Android phone, Pupil headset, Indicator-based Glasses, OldBirds and web server part. The system uses the Pupil headset to capture senior citizen’s font view and transfer it to OldBirds part which is controlled by caregivers. Furthermore, the Indicator-based glasses are used to show the guidance orders given by remotely caregivers. The web server part is transfer station between Android phone and OldBirds part.
Google Cloud Messaging service has already been integrated into this system so that caregivers can directly give guidance orders to senior citizens about when and where to go.
For future work I suggest, from the hardware perspective, to connect Pupil headset’s world camera and eye camera together by a USB hub. Furthermore, I recommend to combine Pupil headset and Indicator-based glasses together to remove the need for Bluetooth connection.
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Schneer, Benjamin H. "How Electoral Institutions Shape Citizen Participation and Legislative Behavior". Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493580.
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The electoral system is often treated as fixed, but throughout U.S. history significant changes in electoral institutions, or in political conditions dictated by electoral institutions, make it possible to identify more precisely the role that the electoral system plays in the democratic process. This dissertation examines three related questions, each focusing on an aspect of the influence of electoral rules on political behavior. How has the ability to directly elect representatives influenced other forms of citizen engagement with government? How has competitiveness influenced voter turnout? Finally, when separate elections lead to differences in partisan control over the branches of government, what is the effect on policymaking in Congress?
The first chapter shows that petitioning campaigns have historically substituted for the communication and accountability obtained through direct elections. I estimate that rates of petitioning to the Senate declined by 30% when the passage of the 17th Amendment ended the practice of indirect election by state legislatures and replaced it with direct elections. The implication is that electoral reforms meant to improve representation may weaken other ties between citizens and lawmakers.
The second chapter examines the relationship between electoral competition and turnout. Past research has found that citizens vote at higher rates in response to closer elections, either through instrumental voting at the individual level or through voter mobilization by elites. In contrast, this chapter demonstrates that citizens living in competitive congressional districts differ markedly from those in uncompetitive districts along a range of dimensions other than turnout. Using an individual panel based on voter files from all 50 states and exploiting variation in competitiveness induced by the 2012 redistricting cycle yields a precisely estimated null effect of competitiveness on turnout.
The third chapter re-examines whether divided government reduces legislative productivity. After developing the most comprehensive database to date of significant acts of Congress---from 1789-2010---this chapter shows that unified control corresponds with one additional significant act passed per Congress in the 19th Century and four additional such acts in the 20th Century. However, party control of government cannot explain the broad historical trends in the rate at which Congress passes significant legislation.Government
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Mahr, Dominik [Verfasser]. "Citizen Science : Partizipative Wissenschaft im späten 19. und frühen 20. Jahrhundert / Dominik Mahr". Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2014. http://d-nb.info/110761371X/34.
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Ady, Janet Carrier. "Dissertation Title| Framing Youth Citizen Science for Education, Youth Development, andPublic Land Conservation". Thesis, Prescott College, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10252184.
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This study explored how citizen science programs can connect young people with nature while providing needed scientific data. The premise was that, with attention to proper design, modification of current programming might increase citizen science outcomes for conservation. Furthermore, combining sound scientific protocols with effective education and positive youth development strategies can lead to consequential benefits for youth and society. An embedded single-case study explored a set of 20 citizen science programs relevant to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to determine how the programs intended to educate and develop youth and to understand the programs’ designs. A theoretical framework based upon science education, environmental education, and positive youth development guided the inquiry. The study also explored how environmental educators, youth group leaders, scientists, and public land managers might work together to design and implement youth community and citizen science programs on federal lands. Study findings informed development of a prototype planning framework to guide planning and implementation of youth-focused community and citizen science programs on federal lands. Using the framework to design robust citizen science programs can assist scientists monitoring environmental conditions to inform land management decisions; and assist environmental education program coordinators to design meaningful service–learning activities for youth.
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Holmgren, Sebastian. "Gamified Citizen Science : A Study of Expert Users in the Field of Biodiversity". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Människa-datorinteraktion, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-415125.
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In previous research, researchers have looked into different gamified applications of citizen science such as fold.it, Zooniverse and Happy Moths. However, the users and participants of these studies are often on different skill levels, or beginners in the field. In this study, 10 expert users who submit their findings of species to Artdatabanken, an organisation that works in the field of biodiversity, were interviewed to find out their motivations for reporting their findings. This was done with the goal of finding what type of gamification that might suit these expert users to increase the quality of the data submitted through Artportalen, together with any obstacles that might hinder it. Through a latent thematic analysis and comparing the themes to Bartle’s Taxonomy of Players, the results show that these users were mainly of the types ‘achiever’ and ‘socialiser’. The answers were also compared to the theory of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, which showed that the users are mainly reporting because of extrinsic motivation. While this supports the implementation of gamification there were things that would rather be solved by increasing usability.
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Wright, Dale. "Evaluating a citizen science research programme : understanding the people who make it possible". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10904.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-110).
Citizen science is increasingly recognised as a useful tool for conducting scientific research and public outreach, producing multiple positive benefits for biodiversity conservation and the volunteers involved in such research.
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Michelson, Katelyn Rachel. "Examining the Spatial Characteristics of Pluvial Flooding Through Citizen Science in Portland, Oregon". PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4548.
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Pluvial flooding is caused by rainfall events that overwhelm drainage systems and do not allow excess water to be absorbed by soils or water infrastructure. This type of flooding occurs frequently in urban systems and leads to public inconveniences and infrastructure deterioration, which could cost more than fluvial flooding over time. Increased rainfall intensity, which is projected to increase with climate change, could result in increased pluvial flooding. This study aims to examine the vulnerability of pluvial flooding in Portland, OR (2010-2017) by incorporating an interdisciplinary framework that examines the physical and socioeconomic vulnerability of flooding through citizen-reported flooding data. We use a spatially dense network of 5-minute interval rainfall measurement to examine 3-day storm events associated with flooding reports to correlate storm size with the frequency of reports. Additionally, we use a Topographic Wetness Index (TWI) to identify the hotspots of pluvial flooding over space and characterize the sociodemographic and building characteristics of hotspots by performing a spatial analysis using census tract and tax lot level data. We investigate how individual neighborhood characteristics (i.e. ethnicity, education, gender, age, income) and building characteristics (i.e. building type, building age) contribute to reported flooding. This research seeks to identify where pluvial flooding occurs across the city, and how flood management planning can better address flood vulnerability through the biophysical and socioeconomic characteristics that exists amongst communities in Portland.
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Sandhaus, Shana Alysse, i Shana Alysse Sandhaus. "Evaluating the Motivations, Knowledge, and Efficacy of Participants in Environmental Health Citizen Science Projects". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625311.
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Environmental research is increasingly using citizen scientists in many aspects of projects, such as data collection and question design. To date, only a limited number of co-created citizen science projects where community members are involved in most or all steps of the scientific process have been completed, and few comparing community engagement methods and efficacy and learning outcomes across demo- and geographic data. This study compares two citizen science programs, evaluating what motivates citizen scientists to participate in environmental health research and whether participation affects scientific knowledge and environmental behavior and efficacy. Participants in the Gardenroots: A Citizen Science Garden Project completed sample collection training and submitted soil, water, vegetable, and dust samples for analysis and received their environmental monitoring results. In the Facilitating Community Action to Address Climate Change and Build Resiliency in Southern Metropolitan Tucson project, Spanish speaking community members of South Tucson underwent training in climate change and environmental quality and sample collection, and worked with families in the South Tucson community, collecting soil and water samples and providing environmental health education. For both projects, participants completed a pre- and post-survey with a variety of qualitative and quantitative questions. These survey instruments were used to evaluate differences in environmental self-efficacy and motivations. In addition, select Gardenroots participants were involved in focus groups and semi-structured interviews to understand and gauge changes in knowledge and to further explore changes in motivation and self-efficacy. The participants were primarily internally motivated and saw increases in both efficacy and knowledge as a result of participation in the program. This information is critical to moving citizen science efforts forward and determining whether such projects: 1) co-produce environmental monitoring, exposure assessment, and risk data in a form that will be directly relevant to the participant's lives, 2) increase the community’s involvement in environmental decision-making, and 3) improve environmental health education and literacy in underserved communities.
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Jennings, Jay. "Religious Motivation and the Democratic Citizen". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/317436.
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Political SciencePh.D.
There has been both praise and vilification of religion's role in shaping democratic citizens. By focusing on individual differences, religious motivations can help explain the complex relationship between religion and good citizenship, especially concerning the important topics of political engagement and prejudice. This dissertation will demonstrate that in order to understand the connection between religion and democratic citizenship, we must consider people's religious motivations. We must go beyond traditional approaches that only consider people's beliefs and behaviors. Religious motivation is a powerful measurement tool providing a richer framework than traditional measures of religiosity when answering a variety of questions regarding democratic citizenship. It is also a unique measure of individual difference with independent effects going beyond measures of personality, open-mindedness, ideology, and religiosity. The goal of this dissertation is twofold. First, it will establish religious motivation as an important measure that can greatly aid our understanding of the relationship between religion and democratic citizenship. Second, this dissertation will demonstrate how religious motivation can clarify religion's relationship with two specific measures of democratic citizenship: prejudice and political engagement. To meet these goals, this dissertation employs nationally representative surveys including a unique survey-experiment to provide evidence of religious motivations' important explanatory power. The findings suggest it is not what religious service you attend, or even how often you attend, but the motivation for being religious that best explains the level of political engagement and prejudice.
Temple University--Theses
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Robertson, David P. "Public Ecology: Linking People, Science, and the Environment". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27589.
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Truly unique and innovative solutions are needed to resolve today's complex and controversial environmental issues (e.g., biodiversity loss, global warming, cultural evolution, etc.). In response to these concerns, a variety of applied science programs have emerged to help people make better decisions about the environment. Each of these programs (e.g., conservation biology, restoration ecology, sustainable forestry, environmental toxicology, and others) produces specialized knowledge that is used to achieve specific social and environmental goals. For example, the peer-reviewed, scientific analyses published in Conservation Biology are most likely concerned with the goal of preserving biological diversity, whereas the equally scientific and respected analyses published in Forest Science are most likely concerned with the goal of sustaining timber yields. Likewise, studies in environmental toxicology investigate risks to human health by environmental pollutants, while stud! ies in ecological restoration serve to maximize the integrity of natural systems. Unfortunately, these diverse forms of knowledge offer multiple and often conflicting ways of thinking about the environment. Public ecology is a response to this dilemma. The primary goal of public ecology is construct common ground between people's diverse beliefs and values for the environment. Toward this end, public ecology is an interdisciplinary and collaborative approach to environmental science and politics. Public ecology integrates perspectives from the social and natural sciences, the humanities, and public understandings of the environment. Public ecology is not only a cross-cultural and comparative form of environmental studies, it is also a citizen science that encourages all concerned stakeholders to participate with research specialists, technical experts, and professional decision-makers in developing creative solutions to persistent environmental problems.Ph. D.