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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „External gelation technique”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 3 czerwca 2025

Data aktualizacji: 31 lipca 2025

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Utami, Ratna Annisa, Sukmadjaja Asyarie, and Sasanti Tarini Darijanto. "Pembuatan Sediaan Oral Sustained Release Metformin HCl dalam Bentuk Mikrosfer Pautan Silang Alginat." Acta Pharmaceutica Indonesia 38, no. 3 (2013): 100–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/api.v38i3.5222.

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Metformin hidroklorida (MH) memiliki bioavailabilitas yang relatif rendah dan waktu paruh pendek sehingga dibutuhkan sediaan dengan sistem sustained release, salah satu bentuknya adalah mikrosfer. Pembuatan mikrosfer dilakukan dengan cara teknik emulsifikasi diikuti pautan silang dengan ion kalsium secara gelasi internal dan eksternal. Hasil menunjukkan mikrosfer mengandung MH yang dihasilkan dengan metode emulsifikasi-gelasi eksternal lebih baik dibandingkan dengan gelasi internal dilihat dari efisiensi penjeratan, bentuk dan karakteristik mikrosfer serta distribusi ukuran partikel. Hasil Sca

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Song, Huiyi, Weiting Yu, Meng Gao, Xiudong Liu, and Xiaojun Ma. "Microencapsulated probiotics using emulsification technique coupled with internal or external gelation process." Carbohydrate Polymers 96, no. 1 (2013): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.03.068.

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Stephen, Olaribigbe Majekodunmi, and Enomfon Akpan Ekefre-Abasi. "Comparative Study for In-vitro Evaluation of Metronidazole Prepared Using Natural Chitosan from Oyster Shells of Egeria radiata." British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 17, no. 1 (2017): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.9734/BJPR/2017/33247.

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<strong>Objective: </strong>The present study investigates the capability of preparing metronidazole loaded microspheres employing a natural chitosan extracted from oyster shells of <em>Egeria radiata</em>. <strong>Methods:</strong> Microspheres were prepared by external gelation technique using tripolyphosphate (TPP) as the cross-linker. The drug to polymer ratio was selected at various levels of polymer-drug quantities with varying amount of TPP. The prepared microspheres were characterized for % yield, drug entrapment efficiency, surface morphology and drug release profile. <strong>Results:

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Vinod, Mokale, Naik Jitendra, Khairnar Gayatri, and Khairnar Gokul. "Formulation and Development of Diltiazem Hydrochloride Sustained Release Alginate Beads by Ionotropic External Gelation Technique." Advances in Pharmacology and Pharmacy 1, no. 3 (2013): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/app.2013.010304.

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Sriram, Nagarajan, and Prakash Katakam. "Formulation and Evaluation of Mucoadhesive Microspheres of Pioglitazone Hydrochloride Prepared by Ionotropic External Gelation Technique." Journal of Encapsulation and Adsorption Sciences 06, no. 01 (2016): 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jeas.2016.61003.

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Fujiwara, Gislene Mari, Ranieri Campos, Camila Klocker Costa, et al. "Production and characterization of alginate-starch-chitosan microparticles containing stigmasterol through the external ionic gelation technique." Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 49, no. 3 (2013): 537–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-82502013000300015.

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Stigmasterol - a plant sterol with several pharmacological activities - is susceptible to oxidation when exposed to air, a process enhanced by heat and humidity. In this context, microencapsulation is a way of preventing oxidation, allowing stigmasterol to be incorporated into various pharmaceutical forms while increasing its absorption. Microparticles were obtained using a blend of polymers of sodium alginate, starch and chitosan as the coating material through a one-stage process using the external gelation technique. Resultant microparticles were spherical, averaging 1.4 mm in size. Encapsu

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Ingrid, Vieira Fernandes Monteiro, Roberto Silva de Melo Bruno, and Braga Dornelas Camila. "EFFECT OF DRYING ON THE ENCAPSULATION OF BEAUVERIA BASSIANA IN A POLYMERIC NANOCOMPOSITE MATRIZ." International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Technology (IJAET) 18, no. 2 (2025): 29–39. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15478478.

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The use of polymeric matrices in the encapsulation of entomopathogenic fungi ensures the preservation of the inherent characteristics of the fungi, protecting them against external factors. However, depending on the dehydration technique used, the encapsulation capacity of the bioactive compound may be compromised. Thus, an encapsulation matrix in the form of beads of the fungus Beauveria bassiana composed of alginate and bentonite was developed through ionotropic gelation and subjected to different drying techniques. The matrix was characterized using XRPD and FTIR techniques, which confirmed

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Li, Xuan, Zhansheng Wu, Yanhui He, Bang-Ce Ye, and Jun Wang. "Preparation and characterization of monodisperse microcapsules with alginate and bentonite via external gelation technique encapsulating Pseudomonas putida Rs-198." Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition 28, no. 14 (2017): 1556–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09205063.2017.1335075.

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Lebedieva, Kateryna, Dmytro Matiukhov, Ganna Cherkashina, Illia Tereshchenko, and Yevheniia Lytvynenko. "CURRENT TRENDS IN THE USE OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE GEL-FORMING POLYSACCHARIDES IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY, COSMETOLOGY AND MEDICINE." Bulletin of the National Technical University "KhPI". Series: Chemistry, Chemical Technology and Ecology, no. 1(13) (June 3, 2025): 67–73. https://doi.org/10.20998/2079-0821.2025.01.10.

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The article reviews current trends in the use of biologically active gel-forming polysaccharides in the food industry, cosmetology and medicine. It is shown that polysaccharides and their derivatives of natural origin have recently acquired important importance for technologies related to human health care. A wide range of possibilities and examples of the application of some of these substances is due to their ability to form stable spatial structures with the participation of water and, as a result, increase viscosity, stabilize dispersions, and form gels. The state of the system in each cas

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Sahithi, Malapati Lakshmi, Venugopalaiah Penabaka, and Yadala Prapurna Chandra. "Formulation and characterization of capecitabine muco adhesive beads for the treatment of colorectal cancer." International Journal of Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Medical Sciences 5, no. 1 (2025): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.26452/ijcpms.v5i1.699.

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This study focuses on the formulation and characterisation of Capecitabine muco-adhesive beads for the treatment of colorectal cancer. The alginate beads were synthesised using the ionotropic external gelation technique. To maximise encapsulation efficiency and control the release of Capecitabine from the alginate beads, precise formulation conditions were implemented. Results from in vitro dissolution studies revealed that formulations incorporating increasing concentrations of sodium alginate with SCMC released the drug more rapidly compared to those formulated with sodium alginate and HPMC.

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Ronca, Carolina L., Carmen Duque-Soto, Cristina Samaniego-Sánchez, et al. "Exploring the Nutritional and Bioactive Potential of Olive Leaf Residues: A Focus on Minerals and Polyphenols in the Context of Spain’s Olive Oil Production." Foods 13, no. 7 (2024): 1036. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13071036.

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Lyophilized plant-origin extracts are rich in highly potent antioxidant polyphenols. In order to incorporate them into food products, it is necessary to protect these phytochemicals from atmospheric factors such as heat, light, moisture, or pH, and to enhance their bioavailability due to their low solubility. To address these challenges, recent studies have focused on the development of encapsulation techniques for antioxidant compounds within polymeric structures. In this study, lyophilized olive leaf extracts were microencapsulated with the aim of overcoming the aforementioned challenges. Th

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Marzuki, A. S., A. N. Mustapa, N. H. Othman, S. H. Hanipah, Á. Martin, and M. J. Cocero. "Comparative of alginate/graphene oxide and alginate/magnetite graphene oxide aerogel as adsorbents." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1257, no. 1 (2022): 012047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1257/1/012047.

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Abstract Magnetite graphene oxide (MGO) has gained attention as a potential adsorbent in wastewater treatment. In this study, incorporation of MGO into biopolymer matrix and dried by supercritical CO2 to improve the adsorption efficiency is presented. Alginate/MGO aerogel was prepared by blending the MGO with alginate and formed hydrogel by ionic crosslinking through external gelation. The blend ratio of MGO and alginate studied are comprised of 2 and 3 wt%, respectively. The hydrogel was dried by supercritical CO2 at 110 ± 5 bar and 40 °C in 4h. The physical-chemical properties of alginate/MG

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Banerjee, Debolina, Puja Bag, Ranjana Chowdhury, and Pinaki Bhattacharya. "SUSTAINABILITY OF THE PROBIOTIC LACTOBACILLUS CASEI IN FORTIFIED INDIAN MILK CAKES UNDER DIFFERENT PRESERVATION CONDITIONS-EFFECTS OF CO-IMMOBILIZATION OF L. CASEI AND COMMERCIAL PREBIOTIC INULIN (CHICORY BASED) AND MILLET INULIN." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 9, no. 1 (2016): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i1.15305.

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<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of the present article is to identify the most suitable Indian millet inulin for the growth of probiotic <em>Lactobacillus casei</em> and to evaluate the effects of the fortification vectors (probiotics and probiotic-prebiotic combination in immobilized conditions) and immobilization methods on the sustainability of <em>L. casei</em> in a fortified Indian sweet (milk cake) preserved under different conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Inulin was extracted from pearl, finger and

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Sai, S. M., R. P. Swain, and A. K. Mahapatra. "PREPARATION AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF BIODEGRADABLE ZIDOVUDINE LOADED CONTROLLED RELEASE MICROSPHERES USING NATURAL GUMS AS RELEASE RETARDANTS." INDIAN DRUGS 56, no. 06 (2019): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.56.06.11667.

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The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the entrapment efficiency of the anti-HIV drug, zidovudine, using natural gums and study the zidovudine release. Zidovudine-loaded microspheres were prepared by external ionotropic gelation technique. Sodium alginate in combination with guar gum or xanthan gums in different ratios were used. The microspheres of different core: coat ratios were formulated and evaluated for entrapment efficiency, particle size, percentage yield, swelling index, in vitro drug release and kinetic studies. Drug polymer compatibility studies were performed b

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Russo, Paola, Silvana Morello, Aldo Pinto, Pasquale Del Gaudio, Giulia Auriemma, and Rita P. Aquino. "Zinc and Calcium Cations Combination in the Production of Floating Alginate Beads as Prednisolone Delivery Systems." Molecules 25, no. 5 (2020): 1140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25051140.

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The aim of this research was to verify the application of alginate in combination with Ca2+ and Zn2+ ions to produce a floating and prolonged release system for the oral administration of prednisolone. Hollow and floating gel-beads were designed using prilling/ionotropic gelation as the microencapsulation technique, zinc acetate in the gelling solution as the alginate external crosslinker, and calcium carbonate in the feed as the internal crosslinking agent able to generate gas when in contact with the acidic zinc acetate solution. To achieve this goal, drug/alginate solutions were opportunely

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Abueta, Somaia, Hazrina Ab Hadi, Abd Almonem Doolaanea, and Abdullah Mohammed Aloqyli. "Layer-By-Layer Coating of Sesame Oil in Alginate-Chitosan Beads for Enteric Coating and Sustained Release." Journal of Pharmacy 4, no. 1 (2024): 23–32. https://doi.org/10.31436/jop.v4i1.248.

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Introduction: Medical uses of alginate-chitosan beads have been growing widely in recent years due to their varied applications in pharmaceutical and biomedical technology. Moreover, a variety of research have used drug encapsulation in the alginate-chitosan matrix to facilitate the enteric coating and sustained release of therapeutic molecules. Sesame oil has various medical applications as it contains a significant amount of lignans, which enhance its antioxidant function and anti-inflammatory effects for external or internal medical uses. In addition, it has contributed to the treatment of

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Melo, Myrla, André da Silva, Edson Silva Filho, et al. "Polymeric Microparticles of Calcium Pectinate Containing Urea for Slow Release in Ruminant Diet." Polymers 13, no. 21 (2021): 3776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13213776.

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In ruminant feeding, mechanisms for controlling the rate of ammonia release in the rumen are important for increasing the efficiency of transforming dietary nitrogen into microbial protein. Three microencapsulated formulations, with increased urea concentrations of 10 (MPec1), 20 (MPec2) and 30% (MPec3) from the w/w, based on the mass of citrus pectin solution, employ the external ionic gelation/extrusion technique. The properties of microencapsulated urea were examined as a completely randomized design with 5 treatments each with 10 replicates for evaluation, and the ratios of dietary to free

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Shaik, Khaja Moinuddin, Kumar M. Pradeep, Kumar G. Sandeep, Ramya Perugumi, Sravya Sree Konda, and K. Kavya. "A review on micro beads: Formulation, technological aspects, and extraction." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 26, no. 2 (2024): 059–66. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10969852.

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Any drug delivery system's purpose is to deliver a therapeutic amount of medicine to the appropriate place in the body while also achieving and maintaining the correct drug concentration. This could be accomplished by using numerous unit dosage forms such as microgranules/spheroids, pellets, microcapsules, and beads, which are divided into many separate units, referred to as subunits, each of which possesses certain desired features. The advantages of micro particle drug delivery systems over single unit dose form are well documented. One of the solutions that does not entail the use of harsh

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Harnkla, Preeyaporn, Orapin Chienthavorn, and Khrongkhwan Akkarachaneeyakorn. "Synthesis of Calcium Phosphate Composite Bioactive Oleic Acid-Based Gels and its Application for Dentine Tubule Occlusion." Materials Science Forum 1013 (October 2020): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1013.91.

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Dentine hypersensitivity (DH) is a common issue among humans caused by the erosion of tooth enamel as a result of chewing and brushing incorrectly. The most effective treatment method is occluding the exposed dentine tubules. Because calcium phosphate is an important mineral and the most common mineral for dentine and orthopaedic application, this study focuses on the synthesis of bioactive gels containing calcium phosphate nanoparticles. The synthesis is performed using water-in-oil emulsion and characterized by the use of TGA, Rheological, TEM, and SEM techniques. This method used oleic fatt

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Etchepare, Mariana de Araújo, Juliano Smanioto Barin, Alexandre José Cichoski, et al. "Microencapsulation of probiotics using sodium alginate." Ciência Rural 45, no. 7 (2015): 1319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20140938.

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The consumption of probiotics is constantly growing due to the numerous benefits conferred on the health of consumers. In this context, Microencapsulation is a technology that favors the viability of probiotic cultures in food products, mainly by the properties of protection against adverse environmental conditions and controlled release. Currently there are different procedures for microencapsulation using polymers of various types of natural and synthetic origin. The use of sodium alginate polymers is one of the largest potential application in the encapsulation of probiotics because of thei

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Freixas-Jambert, Raquel, Cristina Ruiz-Recasens, Alejandra Nieto-Villena, and Marta Oriola-Folch. "Non-Invasive Characterisation of Bromoil Prints by External Reflection FTIR Spectroscopy." Molecules 29, no. 24 (2024): 5833. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29245833.

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The bromoil process, developed in 1907, was a photographic technique highly esteemed by pictorialist photographers for its capacity for image manipulation, which aligns its expressiveness with traditional pictorial techniques. Despite the artistic and technical value of bromoils and their prevalence in renowned collections, there is little research on their composition and structural characteristics. This study uses non-invasive external reflection FTIR spectroscopy to characterise 16 bromoil prints dating from the 1920s to 2010. FTIR spectroscopy allowed the discrimination of key components s

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R Xavier, Anne Caroline. "Evaluation of the Viability of Probiotic Microorganisms in Microcapsules with Passion Fruit Pulp Resulting From the Ionic Gelation Process." Food Science & Nutrition Technology 6, no. 2 (2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/fsnt16000265.

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One of the limiting factors of food probiotic microorganism’s addition consists in its viability. Several microencapsulation techniques were explored, the external ionic gelation proved to be viable in the preservation of probiotic cultures. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the ionic gelation process of passion fruit pulp with probiotics, in order to verify the storage time of these products when submerged in their own pulp and packaged in glass containers submitted to storage refrigerated. The product submitted shelf life of 60 days and the microorganism showed feasib

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Sultanpur, Vinay, Mona Mohammed, and Kanniyan Binub. "Evaluation of effect of absorbable gelatin sponge (gel foam) nasal packing in external dacrocystorhinostomy." Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 9, no. 2 (2023): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2023.042.

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The success rate of external DCR has been reported to an exemplary level with variation regard to the surgeon’s skill, competence and experience. The relatively high success rates of external DCR does not detract from the limitations of the procedure. Intra operative difficulty and Post-operative morbidity have led to search for modifications in the technique. Gel foam helps to reduce bleeding in the post-operative period and improves the surgical outcome.The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect absorbable gelatin sponge(gel foam) nasal packing in external dacryocystorhinostomy.Stud

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Chávez-Falcón, María Sady, Carolina Buitrago-Arias, Sandra Victoria Avila-Reyes, et al. "Kinetics and Mechanisms of Saccharomyces boulardii Release from Optimized Whey Protein–Agavin–Alginate Beads under Simulated Gastrointestinal Conditions." Bioengineering 9, no. 9 (2022): 460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9090460.

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Encapsulation is a process in which a base material is encapsulated in a wall material that can protect it against external factors and/or improve its bioavailability. Among the different encapsulation techniques, ionic gelation stands out as being useful for thermolabile compounds. The aim of this work was to encapsulate Saccharomyces boulardii by ionic gelation using agavins (A) and whey protein (WP) as wall materials and to evaluate the morphostructural changes that occur during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Encapsulations at different levels of A and WP were analyzed using microscop

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Maruhashi, Takaaki, Fumie Kashimi, Rika Kotoh, et al. "Novel transcatheter arterial embolization method for hemodynamically unstable pelvic fractures to prevent complications of gluteal necrosis." European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery 46, no. 5 (2019): 1129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00068-018-01066-1.

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Abstract Purpose To validate our previously designed transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) technique for bilateral iliac arteries in unstable pelvic fractures, which is designed to also prevent gluteal necrosis and avoid vasopressors. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients with pelvic fractures who underwent our new TAE procedure to determine the incidence of subsequent gluteal necrosis. We also compared certain variables between patients who underwent TAE before 2005 using a different technique and developed gluteal necrosis and patients who underwent TAE in 2005 and onw

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Abdul Khalil, Khalilah. "A Review on Microencapsulation in Improving Probiotic Stability for Beverages Application." Science Letters 14, no. 1 (2020): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/sl.v14i1.7900.

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Nowadays, probiotic bacteria are extensively used in beverages application to deliver beneficial health effect to the consumer upon ingestion. Different entrapment techniques can be used to maintain the viability of probiotic bacteria during processing as well as during storage of beverage products. Development of artificial microcapsules from entrapment techniques are to support the growth and to provide protection on probiotic cells from unfavorable external conditions that may affect the viability of probiotics in beverages. Techniques that usually applied for probiotic entrapment in bevera

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Montesdeoca, Caterine Yesenia Carrasco, Thiago Domingues Stocco, Fernanda Roberta Marciano, Thomas J. Webster, and Anderson Oliveira Lobo. "3D Bioprinting of Smart Oxygen-Releasing Cartilage Scaffolds." Journal of Functional Biomaterials 13, no. 4 (2022): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb13040252.

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Three-dimensional bioprinting is a powerful technique for manufacturing improved engineered tissues. Three-dimensional bioprinted hydrogels have significantly advanced the medical field to repair cartilage tissue, allowing for such constructs to be loaded with different components, such as cells, nanoparticles, and/or drugs. Cartilage, as an avascular tissue, presents extreme difficulty in self-repair when it has been damaged. In this way, hydrogels with optimal chemical and physical properties have been researched to respond to external stimuli and release various bioactive agents to further

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Chiu, Tsu-Man, Ping-Chun Hsu, Mohd Yaqub Khan, et al. "A Perspective on Imiquimod Microneedles for Treating Warts." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 5 (2021): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13050607.

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Warts are a common skin problem and are caused by infection with a virus. Warts are currently mainly treated by therapies involving ablating tissue or interrupting cellular division. However, all these existing treatments are either invasive or cause skin pain and tissue destruction. Imiquimod is a synthetic compound that belongs to the imidazoquinolinone family. It has been successfully used as a topical drug to treat external anogenital warts. However, topical imiquimod cream for warts is restricted by low skin permeability, and several side effects such as itching, pain, and erosions occur

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Bae, Minji, Byung-Jae Kang, and Junhyung Kim. "Application of Hybrid External Skeletal Fixation with Bone Tissue Engineering Techniques for Comminuted Fracture of the Proximal Radius in a Dog." Animals 14, no. 23 (2024): 3480. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14233480.

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A seven-month-old male Pomeranian presented with left forelimb lameness after a fall. Radiographic assessment confirmed proximal radial head and ulnar comminuted fracture. The initial surgical intervention involved the use of hybrid external skeletal fixation (ESF) to stabilize the radial head, concomitant with the application of a composite of bone morphogenetic protein type 2 (BMP-2)-loaded hydroxyapatite and gelatin microparticles at the fracture site. Although successful radial head healing was achieved, the ESF pinholes caused a defect in the proximal ulnar diaphysis. Subsequently, the ES

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Hu, Tianzhou, Zhengwei Cai, Ruixue Yin, et al. "3D Embedded Printing of Complex Biological Structures with Supporting Bath of Pluronic F-127." Polymers 15, no. 17 (2023): 3493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15173493.

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Biofabrication is crucial in contemporary tissue engineering. The primary challenge in biofabrication lies in achieving simultaneous replication of both external organ geometries and internal structures. Particularly for organs with high oxygen demand, the incorporation of a vascular network, which is usually intricate, is crucial to enhance tissue viability, which is still a difficulty in current biofabrication technology. In this study, we address this problem by introducing an innovative three-dimensional (3D) printing strategy using a thermo-reversible supporting bath which can be easily r

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Rafeeqi, Talha A., Anne-Laure Thomas, Fereshteh Salimi-Jazi, Modupeola Diyaolu, and James C. Y. Dunn. "Internal plication for spring confinement to lengthen intestine in a porcine model." PLOS ONE 17, no. 9 (2022): e0274612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274612.

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Background Short bowel syndrome and its resultant nutritional deficiencies are the most common cause of intestinal failure. Significant intestinal lengthening using intraluminal springs is feasible in porcine models using an external plication technique. We hypothesize that an internal plication technique will yield significant intestinal lengthening, which may lead to future endoscopic spring placement. Methods Uncompressed springs measuring 7.5 cm with a diameter of 1.0 cm were compressed to 2.0 cm. A gelatin-encapsulated compressed nitinol spring was inserted into the jejunal lumen of juven

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Mamatha H S. "Microspheres as Drug Carriers: Applications and Innovations in Novel Drug Delivery Systems." Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Management 10, no. 50s (2025): 686–95. https://doi.org/10.52783/jisem.v10i50s.10348.

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Microspheres are rounded, multi-particulate drug delivery systems between 1μm and 1mm that are used to control drug release. Microspheres are biodegradable polymeric microspheres based on natural or synthetic polymers. They possess merits like superior therapeutic activity, increased bioavailability, lowered toxicity, and decreased drug degradation. Microspheres permit sustained drug release, lowering the frequency of administration, and are suitable for site-specific delivery, for instance, in gastrointestinal tissue. Microspheres have various therapeutic properties such as bioadhesive, float

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Guillot-Ferriols, Maria, María Inmaculada García-Briega, Laia Tolosa, et al. "Magnetically Activated Piezoelectric 3D Platform Based on Poly(Vinylidene) Fluoride Microspheres for Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells." Gels 8, no. 10 (2022): 680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8100680.

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) osteogenic commitment before injection enhances bone regeneration therapy results. Piezoelectric stimulation may be an effective cue to promote MSCs pre-differentiation, and poly(vinylidene) fluoride (PVDF) cell culture supports, when combined with CoFe2O4 (CFO), offer a wireless in vitro stimulation strategy. Under an external magnetic field, CFO shift and magnetostriction deform the polymer matrix varying the polymer surface charge due to the piezoelectric effect. To test the effect of piezoelectric stimulation on MSCs, our approach is based on a gelatin hydroge

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Meyrick, B., M. E. Niedermeyer, M. L. Ogletree, and K. L. Brigham. "Pulmonary hypertension and increased vasoreactivity caused by repeated indomethacin in sheep." Journal of Applied Physiology 59, no. 2 (1985): 443–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1985.59.2.443.

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Six chronically catheterized awake sheep were given the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (5 mg/kg) twice a day over a 3-wk period. Three sheep receiving vehicle alone served as controls. Pulmonary arterial, left atrial, and systemic arterial pressures, cardiac output, blood gases, and pH were measured biweekly. Pulmonary vasoreactivity to 12% O2 and an analogue of prostaglandin H2 (PGH2-A) was also assessed. As a percent of base line, indomethacin caused a doubling in pulmonary vascular resistance (3 wk = 190 +/- 26%, mean +/- SE) and a 50% increase in pulmonary arterial pressure (3 wk =

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Shaikh, Almas, Aushili Mahule, Divyakshi Motwani, Ashwini Shirbhate, and Shakun Saraf. "Auricular Prosthesis for Congenitally Deformed Ear with Acrylic Template for Colour Depiction - A Case Report." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, no. 35 (2021): 3063–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/624.

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Prosthodontists usually stick to the dictum by MM Devan, “preservation of what remains than meticulous replacement of what has been lost.1” “Microtia” is a term used to describe congenital anomaly of the external ear. It is a combination of the words “micro” and “otia” each of the term denoting small and ear respectively. It includes a range of deformities which may consist of presence of a rudimentary ear, a grossly normal or smaller ear or complete absence of the entire external ear. These deformities usually account for 3 in every ten thousand births, with less than 10 % of all the cases sh

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Hardeep, Singh Bambra, and Mazhar Mohd. "Prussian Blue An Radioactive De Corporation Agent." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 3, no. 4 (2019): 874–77. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd23960.

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During the past few years, Science and Technology has extended to a large extent. They are mainly used in the field of medicine, diagnosis and treatment of the various diseases. Radioisotopes are extensively used in the field of medicine, treatment and diagnosis. But Apart from it, their major use is in the field of diagnosis. When a Human or a Living Being comes in contact with the radiations which are exerted by the radioactive elements or comes in contact with the any of the radioactive elements then it got incorporated in its body cells, tissues or organs. So, as to remove them we extensiv

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Chu, Won-Shik, Hyeongryool Park, and Sangjun Moon. "Novel Fabrication of 3-D Cell Laden Micro-Patterned Porous Structure on Cell Growth and Proliferation by Layered Manufacturing." Bioengineering 10, no. 9 (2023): 1092. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10091092.

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This study focuses on developing and characterizing a novel 3-dimensional cell-laden micro-patterned porous structure from a mechanical engineering perspective. Tissue engineering holds great promise for repairing damaged organs but faces challenges related to cell viability, biocompatibility, and mechanical strength. This research aims to overcome these limitations by utilizing gelatin methacrylate hydrogel as a scaffold material and employing a photolithography technique for precise patterned fabrication. The mechanical properties of the structure are of particular interest in this study. We

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Perkett, E. A., K. L. Brigham, and B. Meyrick. "Increased vasoreactivity and chronic pulmonary hypertension following thoracic irradiation in sheep." Journal of Applied Physiology 61, no. 5 (1986): 1875–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1986.61.5.1875.

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Six chronically catheterized sheep were exposed to 1,500-rad whole-lung irradiation and followed for a four-week period. Pulmonary arterial, left atrial and systemic arterial pressures, cardiac output, arterial blood gases, and pH were measured at base line and biweekly following radiation. Pulmonary vasoreactivity to 12% O2, 100% O2, and an analogue of prostaglandin H2 (PGH2-A) was also assessed. Five nonirradiated sheep served as controls. By the 2nd wk following irradiation, pulmonary vascular resistance had doubled. Final pulmonary arterial pressure was increased 50% over the base-line val

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Liosi, Giulia Maria, Francesca Giacobbo, Emanuele Pignoli, Mauro Carrara, Grazia Gambarini, and Mario Mariani. "Effects of the pre-irradiation storage procedure on the dose response of a Fricke xylenol orange gel dosimeter." Nukleonika 60, no. 3 (2015): 603–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nuka-2015-0099.

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Abstract The Fricke xylenol orange (FX) gel system is a chemical dosimeter characterized by good sensitivity, linear dose response, tissue equivalence, no toxicity, easy preparation, reproducibility and low cost. Thanks to the presence of the gelatinous matrix, the system is particularly suitable to perform reliable 3D mapping of the absorbed dose spatial distribution via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or optical techniques. The aim of this work is to study in a systematic way the influence of the pre-irradiation storage procedure upon sensitivity, dose response stability and lifetime of use

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Aljar, Mona A. Aziz, Suad Rashdan, and Ahmed Abd El-Fattah. "Environmentally Friendly Polyvinyl Alcohol−Alginate/Bentonite Semi-Interpenetrating Polymer Network Nanocomposite Hydrogel Beads as an Efficient Adsorbent for the Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution." Polymers 13, no. 22 (2021): 4000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13224000.

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Hazardous chemicals like toxic organic dyes are very harmful to the environment and their removal is quite challenging. Therefore there is a necessity to develop techniques, which are environment friendly, cost-effective and easily available in nature for water purification and remediation. The present research work is focused on the development` and characterization of the ecofriendly semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) nanocomposite hydrogels composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and alginate (Alg) hydrogel beads incorporating natural bentonite (Bent) clay as a beneficial adsorben

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Khan, Raj Kumar, Sayantan Majumdar, and Pratibha Ramarao. "Interplay of self-assembly and viscoelasticity in chiral liquid crystal gels." Physics of Fluids 34, no. 4 (2022): 047108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0086129.

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Electro-optic and photonic devices that are robust against external stresses and deformation offer several technological advantages. A variety of device applications based on chiral liquid crystals (LCs) exhibiting blue phases (BPs), chiral nematic (N*), and ferroelectric Smectic (SmC*) phases have already been demonstrated. Chiral LC-gels are, therefore, among the best soft materials that can further extend device performance and functionality by combining electro-optic and photonic properties with mechanical stability. In view of this, a composite material composed of two highly chiral calam

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Rifna, Elenjikkal Jerome, and Madhuresh Dwivedi. "Encapsulated pomegranate peel extract as a potential antimicrobial ingredient from food waste." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, June 28, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.13698.

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AbstractBACKGROUNDPomegranate peel waste is a valuable reservoir of heat‐sensitive total hydrolysable tannins (THT), with potential applications in food and pharmaceuticals. Preserving THT is challenging due to degradation post‐extraction. We explore ionic gelation as an encapsulation method to optimize THT utilization.RESULTSThrough external gelation, we optimized the process variables using Box–Behnken design. At 40 g kg−1 sodium alginate, 25 g kg−1 calcium chloride, and 300 g kg−1 pomegranate peel extract (PPE), we achieved an 83.65% encapsulation efficiency. Compared to spray drying, exter

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ALEXANDRE, Joana de Barros, Tiago Linhares Cruz Tabosa BARROSO, Luana Carvalho da SILVA, et al. "Encapsulation of beetroot extract (Beta vulgaris L.) obtained by internal and external ionic gelation: a comparative study." Food Science and Technology 44 (April 2, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/fst.00225.

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Natural pigments, like betalains found in beets, are sensitive to environmental conditions, which may impact their reactivity and shelf-life. Microencapsulation is an attractive alternative for delivering these compounds, offering protection through polymeric microcapsules. The aim of this study was to compare two ionic gelation methodologies, external (EG) and internal gelation (IG), in the microencapsulation of beet aqueous extract. Particles were obtained by mixing sodium alginate with the aqueous extract of beetroot and crosslinking with calcium chloride solution using the extrusion method

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Guagliano, Giuseppe, Cristina Volpini, Jacopo Camilletti, et al. "Internally crosslinked alginate-based bioinks for the fabrication of in vitro hepatic tissue models." Biofabrication, May 24, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1758-5090/acd872.

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Abstract Bioprinting is a key technique to fabricate cell-laden volumetric constructs with controlled geometry. It can be used not only to replicate the architecture of a target organ but also to produce shapes that allow for the mimicry, in vitro, of specific desired features. Among the various materials suitable to be processed with this technique, sodium alginate is currently considered one of the most appealing because of its versatility. To date, the most widespread strategies to print alginate-based bioinks exploit external gelation as a primary process, by directly extruding the hydroge

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Rachmawati, Meniek, Etty Mutiara, and Tri Yulianto. "FABRIKASI MIKROSFIR UO2 MENGGUNAKAN TEKNIK AERASI." Urania Jurnal Ilmiah Daur Bahan Bakar Nuklir 22, no. 2 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/urania.2016.22.2.3089.

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FABRIKASI MIKROSFIR UO2 MENGGUNAKAN TEKNIK AERASI. Telah dikembangkan proses fabrikasi mikrosfir UO2 berdensitas rendah untuk umpan langsung proses peletisasi bahan bakar reaktor PHWR maju. Fabrikasi mikrosfir UO2 berdensitas rendah dilakukan dengan cara sol-gel menggunakan teknik aerasi pada sol/broth dengan metode eksternal dan tiga variasi cara gelasi. Pada teknik aerasi, broth disiapkan langsung digelasi tanpa didiamkan selama satu malam. Teknik aerasi merupakan kebalikan dari teknik deaerasi yang digunakan pada fabrikasi mikrosfir bahan bakar HTGR. Broth yang telah disiapkan dengan perban

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Cayetano, Janrick, Frances Abygail G. , F. Genio, and Monissa Paderes. "Responsive Properties of Bis-urea-based Supramolecular Hydrogels." Philippine Journal of Science 153, no. 1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.56899/153.01.03.

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Physical hydrogels exhibit sol-gel reversibility, which is affected by external stimuli such as variations in pH and temperature. One class of hydrogelators, known as the low-molecular- weight gelators, can form fibrillar networks through noncovalent self-assembly, resulting in the formation of physical gels. This study aims to investigate the pH-responsive properties of bis-urea-based supramolecular hydrogelators. A series of bis-urea compounds containing an aromatic linker and various end groups were synthesized via a one-pot condensation reaction. Gelation of the compounds in water was cond

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Chiou, S., and H. T. Hahna. "Ultrasonic Characterization of SOL/GEL Processing." MRS Proceedings 142 (1988). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-142-295.

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AbstractThe sol/gel process has recently received attention because it enables the production of pure and homogeneous glass without external heating, eliminating the high processing temperatures needed in conventional methods. A disadvantage of the process is that if the rate of evaporation during syneresis is too high, cracking due to mechanical shrinkage can be extensive. A slower evaporation rate produces less cracking, but results in a longer processing time. The key to decreasing processing time while simultaneously eliminating shrinkage cracks lies in monitoring the change of the mechani

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Saxena, Anamika Saxena, Santosh Kitawat, Kalpesh Gaur, and Virendra Singh. "Formulation, Development and Characterization of Floating Beads of Diltiazem Hydrochloride." International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology 6, no. 1 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.v6i1.8883.

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The main goal of any drug delivery system is to achieve desired concentration of the drug in blood or tissue, which is therapeutically effective and nontoxic for a prolonged period. Various attempts have been made to develop gastroretentive delivery systems such as high density system, swelling, floating system. The recent developments of FDDS including the physiological and formulation variables affecting gastric retention, approaches to design single-unit and multiple-unit floating systems, and their classification and formulation aspects are covered in detail. Gastric emptying is a complex

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Allamneni, Yaswanth, B. V. V. K. Reddy, P. Dayananda Chary, Venkata Balakrishna Rao N, S. Chaitanya Kumar, and Arun Kumar Kalekar. "PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF MUCOADHESIVE POTENTIAL OF SODIUM ALGINATE ON MICROSPHERES CONTAINING AN ANTI-DIABETIC DRUG: GLIPIZIDE." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, April 1, 2012, 115–22. https://doi.org/10.25004/ijpsdr.2012.040205.

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The objective of the present investigation was to design mucoadhesive microspheres to achieve a substantial increase in length of stay of the drug in the GI tract of glipizide for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Glipizide is a second-generation sulfonylurea derivative used for the treatment of type II diabetes. Its short biological half-life (0.3 ± 0.7 h) necessitates the need to be administered in two or three doses of 2.5-10 mg per day. Mucoadhesive microsphere exhibit a prolonged residence time at the site of application and facilitate an intimate contact with the underlying absorpti

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Tran, Du Tuan, Fariba Malekpour Galogahi, Nhat-Khuong Nguyen, et al. "MICROFLUIDIC GENERATION OF CALCIUM ALGINATE HYDROGEL BEADS USING EXTERNAL GELATION FOR MICROALGAE CULTIVATION." ChemNanoMat, February 9, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/cnma.202400549.

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Calcium alginate hydrogel beads are spherical polymeric particles with highly crosslinked network structures, known for their excellent monodispersity and retention capabilities. These beads, produced by high‐throughput droplet‐based microfluidic techniques, are widely used for encapsulating and cultivating various microscopic particles such as cells. While internal gelation has been commonly utilized for crosslinking of calcium alginate hydrogel beads in microalgae encapsulation, the use of external gelation remains underexplored. This study utilized droplet‐based microfluidic technology comb

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