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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "And a 6×His tag at its C-terminus"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 14 вересня 2021

Оновлено: 1 лютого 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "And a 6×His tag at its C-terminus":

Matsuura, Kazunori, Yuriko Shiomi, Toshihumi Mizuta та Hiroshi Inaba. "Horseradish Peroxidase-Decorated Artificial Viral Capsid Constructed from β-Annulus Peptide via Interaction between His-Tag and Ni-NTA". Processes 8, № 11 (13 листопада 2020): 1455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8111455.

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Artificial construction of spherical protein assemblies has attracted considerable attention due to its potential use in nanocontainers, nanocarriers, and nanoreactors. In this work, we demonstrate a novel strategy to construct peptide nanocapsules (artificial viral capsids) decorated with enzymes via interactions between His-tag and Ni-NTA. A β-annulus peptide derived from the tomato bushy stunt virus was modified with Ni-NTA at the C-terminus, which is directed toward the exterior surface of the artificial viral capsid. The β-annulus peptide bearing Ni-NTA at the C-terminus self-assembled into capsids of about 50 nm in diameter. The Ni-NTA-displayed capsids were complexed with recombinant horseradish peroxidase (HRP) with a C-terminal His-tag which was expressed in Escherichia coli. The β-annulus peptide-HRP complex formed spherical assemblies whose sizes were 30–90 nm, with the ζ-potential revealing that the HRP was decorated on the outer surface of the capsid.

Fonda, Irena, Maja Kenig, Vladka Gaberc-Porekar, Primo Pristovaek, and Viktor Menart. "Attachment of Histidine Tags to Recombinant Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Drastically Changes Its Properties." Scientific World JOURNAL 2 (2002): 1312–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2002.215.

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When studying two different histidine tags attached to the N-termini of the trimeric cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF), the biological activity — measured as cytotoxicity on the L-929 cell line — of both tagged proteins was drastically reduced. The longer His10 tag reduced cytotoxicity to approximately 16% and the shorter His7 tag to 6% of the activity of their nontagged counterparts. After removal of the tags, biological activities reverted to the expected normal values, which clearly shows the key role of the attached histidine tags in diminishing biological activity. Studies on the mechanism of these effects revealed no specific interactions and showed that even the natural flexible N-terminus of TNF presents a steric hindrance for receptor binding, while any extension of the N-terminus increases this hindrance and consequently reduces biological activity. Also, in other proteins, the ligand or substrate binding sites may be hindered by histidine tags, leading to wrong conclusions about biological activity or other properties of the proteins. Thus caution is advised when using His-tagged proteins directly in screening procedures or in research.

Legardinier, Sébastien, Jean-Claude Poirier, Danièle Klett, Yves Combarnous, and Claire Cahoreau. "Stability and biological activities of heterodimeric and single-chain equine LH/chorionic gonadotropin variants." Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 40, no. 4 (February 15, 2008): 185–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/jme-07-0151.

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Recombinant equine LH/chorionic gonadotropin (eLH/CG) was expressed in the baculovirus–Sf9 insect cell system either as a single-chain with the C-terminus of the β-subunit fused to the N-terminus of the α-subunit or as non-covalently linked heterodimers with or without a polyhistidine tag at various locations. All these non-covalently linked eLH/CG variants were secreted as stable heterodimers in the medium of infected Sf9 cells. To assess the influence of the presence and the position of polyhistidine tag on LH bioactivity, we expressed four non-covalently linked tagged heterodimeric eLH/CG variants that were secreted in threefold higher quantities than the single chain. Among them, only two exhibited full in vitro LH bioactivity, relative to untagged heterodimers, namely the one His-tagged at the N-terminus of α-subunit and the other at the C-terminus of the β-subunit both of which are amenable to nickel-affinity purification. Furthermore, single-chain eLH/CG was found to be N- and O-glycosylated but nevertheless less active in in vitro LH bioassays than natural eCG and heterodimeric recombinant eLH/CG. The thermal stability of natural and recombinant hormones was assessed by the initial rates of dissociation from 20 to 90 °C. Heterodimeric eLH/CG from Sf9 cells was found to be as stable as pituitary eLH and serum eCG (T1/2, 74–77 °C). Although Sf9 cells only elaborated short immature-type carbohydrate side chains on glycoproteins, recombinant eLH/CG produced in these cells exhibited stabilities similar to that of pituitary eLH. In conclusion, recombinant heterodimeric eLH/CG exhibits the same thermal stability as natural pituitary LH and its advantages over the single-chain eLH/CG include higher secretion, higher in vitro bioactivity, and reduced potential risk of immunogenicity.

Ilic-Tomic, Tatjana, Sandra Markovic, and Branka Vasiljevic. "Expression and purification of the Sgm protein from E. coli." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 70, no. 6 (2005): 817–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0506817i.

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The Sgm gene from Micromonospora zionensis, the producer of the aminoglycoside antibiotic G-52, encodes for Sgmmethylasewhich modifies the target site on 16S rRNAand thus protects the producer against its own toxic product. The sgm gene wasmodified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cloned in the QIA express pQE-30 vector in order to make a construct that places the (His)6 tag at the N-terminus of the protein. The resulting expression construct was transformed in the E. coli strain NM522 and the functional activity of the Sgm-His fusion protein was confirmed in vivo. Purification of the (His)6-tagged Sgm protein by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography was performed under native conditions and the protein was detected on a sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel. Sgm methylase was purified to homogeneity > 95 %. Polyclonal antibodies raised to purified (His)6-tagged Sgm protein were used to identify this protein by Western blot analysis.

Ganguly, Advaita, Ravindra B. Malabadi, Dipankar Das, Mavanur R. Suresh, and Hoon H. Sunwoo. "Enhanced Prokaryotic Expression of Dengue Virus Envelope Protein." Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences 16, no. 4 (October 20, 2013): 609. http://dx.doi.org/10.18433/j3pc80.

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Purpose. To highlight the expression and purification of the recombinant dengue virus type-1 antigen exploiting the codon optimized full length envelope for increased yield in E. coli. Methods. A 6x His tag was inserted at the C terminus to facilitate purification. The purified protein was recognized in Western blot by Monoclonal antibody specific for the tag. The in vitro refolded recombinant protein was used to immunize mice for the development of hybridomas and also analyzed for its biological functionality with heparan sulfate binding assay. Results. The polyclonal anti-sera from the immunized mice were found to recognize the envelope protein thereby establishing the immunogenicity of the protein. Conclusion. The purified envelope protein could potentially be used towards dengue diagnostics and vaccine development efforts. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.

Perron-Savard, Philippe, Gregory De Crescenzo, and Hervé Le Moual. "Dimerization and DNA binding of the Salmonella enterica PhoP response regulator are phosphorylation independent." Microbiology 151, no. 12 (December 1, 2005): 3979–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.28236-0.

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In Salmonella enterica, PhoP is the response regulator of the PhoP/PhoQ two-component regulatory system that controls the expression of various virulence factors in response to external Mg2+. Previous studies have shown that phosphorylation of a PhoP variant with a C-terminal His tag (PhoPHis) enhances dimerization and binding to target DNA. Here, the effect of phosphorylation on the oligomerization and DNA binding properties of both wild-type PhoP (PhoP) and PhoPHis are compared. Gel filtration chromatography showed that PhoP exists as a mixture of monomer and dimer regardless of its phosphorylation state. In contrast, unphosphorylated PhoPHis was mostly monomeric, whereas PhoPHis∼P existed as a mixture of monomer and dimer. By monitoring the tryptophan fluorescence of the proteins and the fluorescence of the probe 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonic acid bound to them, it was found that PhoP and PhoPHis exhibited different spectral properties. The interaction between PhoP or PhoPHis and the PhoP box of the mgtA promoter was monitored by surface plasmon resonance. Binding of PhoP to the PhoP box was barely influenced by phosphorylation. In contrast, phosphorylation of PhoPHis clearly increased the interaction of PhoPHis with target DNA. Altogether, these data show that a His tag at the C-terminus of PhoP affects its biochemical properties, most likely by affecting its conformation and/or its oligomerization state. More importantly, these results show that wild-type PhoP dimerization and interaction with target DNA are independent of phosphorylation, which is in contrast to the previously proposed model.

Schweida, David, Pierre Barraud, Christof Regl, Fionna E. Loughlin, Christian G. Huber, Chiara Cabrele, and Mario Schubert. "The NMR signature of gluconoylation: a frequent N-terminal modification of isotope-labeled proteins." Journal of Biomolecular NMR 73, no. 1-2 (February 8, 2019): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10858-019-00228-6.

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Abstract N-terminal gluconoylation is a moderately widespread modification in recombinant proteins expressed in Escherichia coli, in particular in proteins bearing an N-terminal histidine-tag. This post-translational modification has been investigated mainly by mass spectrometry. Although its NMR signals must have been observed earlier in spectra of 13C/15N labeled proteins, their chemical shifts were not yet reported. Here we present the complete 1H and 13C chemical shift assignment of the N-terminal gluconoyl post-translational modification, based on a selection of His-tagged protein constructs (CCL2, hnRNP A1 and Lin28) starting with Met-Gly-...-(His)6. In addition, we show that the modification can hydrolyze over time, resulting in a free N-terminus and gluconate. This leads to the disappearance of the gluconoyl signals and the appearance of gluconate signals during the NMR measurements. The chemical shifts presented here can now be used as a reference for the identification of gluconoylation in recombinant proteins, in particular when isotopically labeled.

Kim, Jong Kyong, Scott B. Mulrooney, and Robert P. Hausinger. "The UreEF Fusion Protein Provides a Soluble and Functional Form of the UreF Urease Accessory Protein." Journal of Bacteriology 188, no. 24 (October 13, 2006): 8413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01265-06.

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ABSTRACT Four accessory proteins (UreD, UreE, UreF, and UreG) are typically required to form the nickel-containing active site in the urease apoprotein (UreABC). Among the accessory proteins, UreD and UreF have been elusive targets for biochemical and structural characterization because they are not overproduced as soluble proteins. Using the best-studied urease system, in which the Klebsiella aerogenes genes are expressed in Escherichia coli, a translational fusion of ureE and ureF was generated. The UreEF fusion protein was overproduced as a soluble protein with a convenient tag involving the His-rich region of UreE. The fusion protein was able to form a UreD(EF)G-UreABC complex and to activate urease in vivo, and it interacted with UreD-UreABC in vitro to form a UreD(EF)-UreABC complex. While the UreF portion of UreEF is fully functional, the fusion significantly affected the role of the UreE portion by interrupting its dimerization and altering its metal binding properties compared to those of the wild-type UreE. Analysis of a series of UreEF deletion mutants revealed that the C terminus of UreF is required to form the UreD(EF)G-UreABC complex, while the N terminus of UreF is essential for activation of urease.

Mollaev, M. D., A. I. Zabolotskii, D. A. Mazalev, N. V. Gorokhovets, M. B. Sokol, M. R. Mollaeva, M. V. Fomicheva, A. B. Pshenichnikova, and E. D. Nikolskaya. "Obtaining and Purification of Recombinant Domain III of Human Alpha-Fetoprotein." Biotekhnologiya 37, no. 4 (2021): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21519/0234-2758-2021-37-4-32-42.

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Previous studies have demonstrated the applicability of alpha-fetoprotein or its receptor-binding domain fused to the 6-histidine tag at the C-terminus (rAFP3D-His6) as vectors for targeted delivery of antitumor agents. This tag is undesirable for further preclinical trials. Therefore, we designed a recombinant protein rAFP3D without any affine tags, and accessed its functional activity. The protein was produced as inclusion bodies in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells. Optimal conditions for washing inclusion bodies and refolding the target protein were selected. We used a saturated solution of (NH4)2SO4 as the primary purification step to precipitate the main fraction of protein admixtures. The second purification step included hydrophobic chromatography using butyl-cellulose. The identity of the protein sequence was confirmed by tandem mass spectrometry. Circular dichroism demonstrated the authenticity of the secondary structure. Fluorescently labeled rAFP3D actively penetrated into MCF-7 tumor cells. These results indicate that rAFP3D can be used for targeted drug delivery. Key words: alpha-fetoprotein, receptor-binding domain, recombinant protein, MALDI-MS, HPLC, drug delivery system Funding - The project was supported with Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 18-29-09022/20).

Sahlan, Muhamad, Budiman Bela, Anom Bowolaksono, Amarila Malik, and Masafumi Yohda. "THE EXPRESSION AND PURIFICATION OF OCTA-ARGININE APOPTIN AND ITS ABILITY TO KILL CANCER CELLS." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 8, no. 10 (August 12, 2016): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2016v8i10.11455.

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Objective: In this research, chicken anemia virus apoptin optimized genetically for expression in Escherichia coli and also modified using (His)6 tag, (Arg)8 tag, and HlyA tag intended for purification needs, penetration enhancement, and secretion from bacterial host to the growth media.Methods: The modified apoptin gene was optimized using an Integrated DNA Technology (IDT). The gene (606 bp) then ordered and synthesized by Eurofins. The apoptin gene was expressed using E. coli BL21 CodonPlus as host, in cultivation temperature of 37 °C, and 25 °C and purified using Ni-NTA agarose beads. The addition of (His) 6 tag enabled the apoptin to be purified in only one step by using nickel column. The expression and purification data analyzed qualitatively as well as quantitatively using SDS-PAGE. MTT assay was used to identify the antitumor effect of octa arginine-apoptin to two kinds of cancer cells, cervix HeLa cancer cell and colon Widr cancer cell. The viability of cell was analyzed when the cell incubated in the variation concentration protein for 72 h.Results: The constructed apoptin gene were expressed in E. coli successfully. The MTT assay indicated that Octaarginin-Apoptin was able to induce apoptosis of HeLa and Widr cells lines in a dose-dependent manner. The recombinant apoptin without tagging with octa-arginine, have no ability to induce apoptosis of HeLa and Widr cells lines. Conclusion: This octa arginine-apoptin may in the future allow the development of a therapeutic protein that is able to kill cancer cells specifically.

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Дисертації з теми "And a 6×His tag at its C-terminus":

Odoi, Keturah. "Orthogonality and Codon Preference of the Pyrrolysyl-tRNA Synthetase-tRNAPyl pair in Escherichia coli for the Genetic Code Expansion." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2012-05-11037.

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Systematic studies of basal nonsense suppression, orthogonality of tRNAPyl variants, and cross recognition between codons and tRNA anticodons are reported. E. coli displays detectable basal amber and opal suppression but shows a negligible ochre suppression. Although detectable, basal amber suppression is fully inhibited when a pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase (PylRS)-tRNAPyl_CUA pair is genetically encoded. trnaPyl_CUA is aminoacylated by an E. coli aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase at a low level, however, this misaminoacylation is fully inhibited when both PylRS and its substrate are present. Besides that it is fully orthogonal in E. coli and can be coupled with PylRS to genetically incorporate a NAA at an ochre codon, tRNAPyl_UUA is not able to recognize an UAG codon to induce amber suppression. This observation is in direct conflict with the wobble base pair hypothesis and enables using an evolved M. jannaschii tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase-tRNAPyl_UUA pair and the wild type or evolved PylRS-tRNAPyl_UUA pair to genetically incorporate two different NAAs at amber and ochre codons. tRNAPyl_UCA is charged by E. coli tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase, thus not orthogonal in E. coli. Mutagenic studies of trnaPyl_UCA led to the discovery of its G73U form which shows a higher orthogonality. Mutating trnaPyl_CUA to trnaPyl_UCCU not only leads to the loss of the relative orthogonality of tRNAPyl in E. coli but also abolishes its aminoacylation by PylRS.

Carstens, Christoffel. "Invloed van televisie op die verwestersingsproses by die Swart adolessent." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/16335.

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Книги з теми "And a 6×His tag at its C-terminus":

Hardy, Duncan. Burgundian Rule on the Upper Rhine and its Aftermath, c. 1468–77. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827252.003.0012.

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The third case study examines the role of associative structures and dynamics on the Upper Rhine in a series of episodes which brought profound upheaval to this region: the acquisition of an archipelago of lordships and jurisdictions by the duke of Burgundy, Charles ‘the Bold’, in 1468, the controversial style of government of his administrators which culminated in a revolt in 1474, and the local and Empire-wide wars against Burgundy that followed in 1474–7. In this time of growing consolidation within the community that formed the Holy Roman Empire, interactions between political actors continued to be mediated through alliances and other contractual ties, and negotiation remained centred on Tage. Heavy-handed Burgundian governors clashed with the loose configuration of principalities like Outer Austria, and stimulated the creation of anti-Burgundian coalitions on the Upper Rhine and across the Empire which combined traditional associative formats with a new rhetoric of German nationhood.

Nistotskaya, Marina, and Michelle D’Arcy. Getting to Sweden. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796817.003.0002.

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This chapter argues that the roots of Sweden’s exceptional tax state lie in the early modern period. From c.1530 the state began monitoring economic activity and developing a direct vertical fiscal contract between the king and his subjects. The extensive data collected by the state, with the assistance of the newly reformed Church, facilitated fairness in the distribution of tax and conscription burdens and fostered a horizontal contract between subjects. With a free peasantry and a weak nobility, the state’s relationship with the peasantry was direct and unmediated. Furthermore, late industrialization preserved a tax structure and administration based on direct taxes that could easily adapt to the collection of modern taxes. Taken together, these factors explain how Sweden, over the course of 400 years, cultivated its fiscal capacity and strengthened the fiscal contract between ordinary taxpayers and the state.

Gilmore, Stephen, and Lisa Glennon. Hayes & Williams' Family Law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198811862.001.0001.

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Hayes and Williams’ Family Law, now in its sixth edition, provides critical and case-focused discussion of the key legislation and debates affecting adults and children. The volume takes a critical approach to the subject and includes ‘talking points’ and focused ‘discussion questions’ throughout each chapter which highlight areas of debate or controversy. The introductory chapter within this edition provides a discussion of the law’s understanding of ‘family’ and the extent to which this has changed over time, a detailed overview of the meaning of private and family life within Article 8 of the ECHR, and a discussion of the Family Justice Review and subsequent developments. Part 1 of this edition, supplemented by the ‘Latest Developments’ section, outlines the most up-to-date statistics on the incidence of marriage, civil partnerships and divorce, discusses recent case law on the validity of marriage such as Hayatleh v Mofdy [2017] EWCA Civ 70 and K v K (Nullity: Bigamous Marriage) [2016] EWHC 3380 (Fam), and highlights the recent Supreme Court decision (In the Matter of an Application by Denise Brewster for Judicial Review (Northern Ireland) [2017] 1 WLR 519) on the pension rights of unmarried cohabitants. It also considers the litigation concerning the prohibition of opposite-sex civil partnership registration from the judgment of the Court of Appeal in Steinfeld and Keidan v Secretary of State for Education [2017] EWCA Civ 81 to the important decision of the Supreme Court in R (on the application of Steinfeld and Keidan) (Application) v Secretary of State for International Development (in substitution for the Home Secretary and the Education Secretary) [2018] UKSC 32. This edition also provides an in-depth discussion of the recent Supreme Court decision in Owens v Owens [2018] UKSC 41 regarding the grounds for divorce and includes discussion of Thakkar v Thakkar [2016] EWHC 2488 (Fam) on the divorce procedure. Further, this edition also considers the flurry of cases in the area of financial provision on divorce such as Waggott v Waggott [2018] EWCA Civ 722; TAB v FC (Short Marriage: Needs: Stockpiling) [2016] EWHC 3285; FF v KF [2017] EWHC 1903 (Fam); BD v FD (Financial Remedies: Needs) [2016] EWHC 594 (Fam); Juffali v Juffali [2016] EWHC 1684 (Fam); AAZ v BBZ [2016] EWHC 3234 (Fam); Scatliffe v Scatliffe [2016] UKPC 36; WM v HM [2017] EWFC 25; Hart v Hart [2017] EWCA Civ 1306; Sharp v Sharp [2017] EWCA Civ 408; Work v Gray [2017] EWCA Civ 270, and Birch v Birch [2017] UKSC 53. It also considers the recent decision of the Supreme Court in Mills v Mills [2018] UKSC 38 concerning post-divorce maintenance obligations between former partners, and the Privy Council decision in Marr v Collie [2017] UKPC 17 relating to the joint name purchase by a cohabiting couple of investment property.Part 2 focuses on child law, examining the law on parenthood and parental responsibility, including the parental child support obligation. This edition includes discussion of new case law on provision of child maintenance by way of global financial orders (AB v CD (Jurisdiction: Global Maintenance Orders)[2017] EWHC 3164), new case law and legislative/policy developments on section 54 of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008 (parental orders transferring legal parenthood in surrogacy arrangements), and new cases on removing and restricting parental responsibility (Re A and B (Children: Restrictions on Parental Responsibility: Radicalisation and Extremism) [2016] EWFC 40 and Re B and C (Change of Names: Parental Responsibility: Evidence) [2017] EWHC 3250 (Fam)). Orders regulating the exercise of parental responsibility are also examined, and this edition updates the discussion with an account of the new Practice Direction 12J (on contact and domestic abuse), and controversial case law addressing the tension between the paramountcy of the child’s welfare and the protected interests of a parent in the context of a transgender father’s application for contact with his children (Re M (Children) [2017] EWCA Civ 2164). Part 2 also examines the issue of international child abduction, including in this edition the Supreme Court’s latest decision, on the issue of repudiatory retention (Re C (Children) [2018] UKSC 8). In the public law, this edition discusses the Supreme Court’s clarification of the nature and scope of local authority accommodation under section 20 of the Children Act 1989 (Williams v London Borough of Hackney [2018] UKSC 37). In the law of adoption, several new cases involving children who have been relinquished by parents for adoption are examined (Re JL & AO (Babies Relinquished for Adoption),[2016] EWHC 440 (Fam) and see also Re M and N (Twins: Relinquished Babies: Parentage) [2017] EWFC 31, Re TJ (Relinquished Baby: Sibling Contact) [2017] EWFC 6, and Re RA (Baby Relinquished for Adoption: Final Hearing)) [2016] EWFC 47).

Частини книг з теми "And a 6×His tag at its C-terminus":

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "And a 6×His tag at its C-terminus":

Chen, Kok Hao, and Jong Hyun Choi. "DNA Oligonucleotide-Templated Nanocrystals: Synthesis and Novel Label-Free Protein Detection." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-11958.

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Semiconductor and magnetic nanoparticles hold unique optical and magnetic properties, and great promise for bio-imaging and therapeutic applications. As part of their stable synthesis, the nanocrystal surfaces are usually capped by long chain organic moieties such as trioctylphosphine oxide. This capping serves two purposes: it saturates dangling bonds at the exposed crystalline lattice, and it prevents irreversible aggregation by stabilizing the colloid through entropic repulsion. These nanocrystals can be rendered water-soluble by either ligand exchange or overcoating, which hampers their widespread use in biological imaging and biomedical therapeutics. Here, we report a novel scheme of synthesizing fluorescent PbS and magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles using DNA oligonucleotides. Our method of PbS synthesis includes addition of Na2S to the mixture solution of DNA sequence and Pb acetate (at a fixed molar ratio of DNA/S2−/Pb2+ of 1:2:4) in a standard TAE buffer at room temperature in the open air. In the case of Fe3O4 particle synthesis, ferric and ferrous chloride were mixed with DNA in DI water at a molar ratio of DNA/Fe2+/Fe3+ = 1:4:8 and the particles were formed via reductive precipitation, induced by increasing pH to ∼11 with addition of ammonium hydroxide. These nanocrystals are highly stable and water-soluble immediately after the synthesis, due to DNA termination. We examined the surface chemistry between oligonucleotides and nanocrystals using FTIR spectroscopy, and found that the different chemical moieties of nucleobases passivate the particle surface. Strong coordination of primary amine and carbonyl groups provides the chemical and colloidal stabilities, leading to high particle yields (Figure 1). The resulting PbS nanocrystals have a distribution of 3–6 nm in diameter, while a broader size distribution is observed with Fe3O4 nanoparticles as shown in Figure 1b and c, respectively. A similar observation was reported with the pH change-induced Fe3O4 particles of a bimodal size distribution where superparamagnetic and ferrimagnetic magnetites co-exist. In spite of the differences, FTIR measurements suggest that the chemical nature of the oligonucleotide stabilization in this case is identical to the PbS system. As a particular application, we demonstrate that aptamer-capped PbS QD can detect a target protein based on selective charge transfer, since the oligonucleotide-templated synthesis can also serve the additional purpose of providing selective binding to a molecular target. Here, we use thrombin and a thrombin-binding aptamer as a model system. These QD have diameters of 3∼6 nm and fluoresce around 1050 nm. We find that a DNA aptamer can passivate near IR fluorescent PbS nanocrystals, rendering them water-soluble and stable against aggregation, and retain the secondary conformation needed to selectively bind to its target, thrombin, as shown in Figure 2. Importantly, we find that when the aptamer-functionalized nanoparticles binds to its target (only the target), there is a highly systematic and selective quenching of the PL, even in high concentrations of interfering proteins as shown in Figure 3a and b. Thrombin is detected within one minute with a detection limit of ∼1 nM. This PL quenching is attributed to charge transfer from functional groups on the protein to the nanocrystals. A charge transfer can suppress optical transition mechanisms as we observe a significant decrease in QD absorption with target addition (Figure 3c). Here, we rule out other possibilities including Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and particle aggregation, because thrombin absorb only in the UV, and we did not observe any significant change in the diffusion coefficient of the particles with the target analyte, respectively. The charge transfer-induced photobleaching of QD and carbon nanotubes was observed with amine groups, Ru-based complexes, and azobenzene compounds. This selective detection of an unlabeled protein is distinct from previously reported schemes utilizing electrochemistry, absorption, and FRET. In this scheme, the target detection by a unique, direct PL transduction is observed even in the presence of high background concentrations of interfering negatively or positively charged proteins. This mechanism is the first to selectively modulate the QD PL directly, enabling new types of label free assays and detection schemes. This direct optical transduction is possible due to oligonucleotidetemplated surface passivation and molecular recognition. This chemistry may lead to more nanoparticle-based optical and magnetic probes that can be activated in a highly chemoselective manner.