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Context. Thermal atmospheric tides can torque telluric planets away from spin-orbit synchronous rotation, as observed in the case of Venus. They thus participate in determining the possible climates and general circulations of the atmospheres of these planets. Aims. The thermal tidal torque exerted on an atmosphere depends on its internal structure and rotation and on the tidal frequency. Particularly, it strongly varies with the convective stability of the entropy stratification. This dependence has to be characterized to constrain and predict the rotational properties of observed telluric exoplanets. Moreover, it is necessary to validate the approximations used in global modelings such as the traditional approximation, which is used to obtain separable solutions for tidal waves. Methods. We wrote the equations governing the dynamics of thermal tides in a local vertically stratified section of a rotating planetary atmosphere by taking into account the effects of the complete Coriolis acceleration on tidal waves. This allowed us to analytically derive the tidal torque and the tidally dissipated energy, which we used to discuss the possible regimes of tidal dissipation and to examine the key role played by stratification. Results. In agreement with early studies, we find that the frequency dependence of the thermal atmospheric tidal torque in the vicinity of synchronization can be approximated by a Maxwell model. This behavior corresponds to weakly stably stratified or convective fluid layers, as observed previously. A strong stable stratification allows gravity waves to propagate, and makes the tidal torque negligible. The transition is continuous between these two regimes. The traditional approximation appears to be valid in thin atmospheres and in regimes where the rotation frequency is dominated by the forcing or the buoyancy frequencies. Conclusions. Depending on the stability of their atmospheres with respect to convection, observed exoplanets can be tidally driven toward synchronous or asynchronous final rotation rates. The domain of applicability of the traditional approximation is rigorously constrained by calculations.
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Auclair-Desrotour, P., J. Laskar, and S. Mathis. "Atmospheric tides in Earth-like planets." Astronomy & Astrophysics 603 (July 2017): A107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201628252.
Context. Atmospheric tides can strongly affect the rotational dynamics of planets. In the family of Earth-like planets, which includes Venus, this physical mechanism coupled with solid tides makes the angular velocity evolve over long timescales and determines the equilibrium configurations of their spin. Aims. Unlike the solid core, the atmosphere of a planet is subject to both tidal gravitational potential and insolation flux coming from the star. The complex response of the gas is intrinsically linked to its physical properties. This dependence has to be characterized and quantified for application to the wide variety of extrasolar planetary systems. Methods. We develop a theoretical global model where radiative losses, which are predominant in slowly rotating atmospheres, are taken into account. We analytically compute the perturbation of pressure, density, temperature, and velocity field caused by a thermogravitational tidal perturbation. From these quantities, we deduce the expressions of atmospheric Love numbers and tidal torque exerted on the fluid shell by the star. The equations are written for the general case of a thick envelope and the simplified one of a thin isothermal atmosphere. Results. The dynamics of atmospheric tides depends on the frequency regime of the tidal perturbation: the thermal regime near synchronization and the dynamical regime characterizing fast-rotating planets. Gravitational and thermal perturbations imply different responses of the fluid, i.e. gravitational tides and thermal tides, which are clearly identified. The dependence of the torque on the tidal frequency is quantified using the analytic expressions of the model for Earth-like and Venus-like exoplanets and is in good agreement with the results given by global climate models (GCM) simulations.Introducing dissipative processes such as radiation regularizes the tidal response of the atmosphere, otherwise it is singular at synchronization. Conclusions. We demonstrate the important role played by the physical and dynamical properties of a super-Earth atmosphere (e.g. Coriolis, stratification, basic pressure, density, temperature, radiative emission) in its response to a tidal perturbation. We point out the key parameters defining tidal regimes (e.g. inertia, Brunt-Väisälä, radiative frequencies, tidal frequency) and characterize the behaviour of the fluid shell in the dissipative regime, which cannot be studied without considering the radiative losses.
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Navarro, Thomas, Timothy M. Merlis, Nicolas B. Cowan, and Natalya Gomez. "Atmospheric Gravitational Tides of Earth-like Planets Orbiting Low-mass Stars." Planetary Science Journal 3, no. 7 (July 1, 2022): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/psj/ac76cd.
Abstract Temperate terrestrial planets orbiting low-mass stars are subject to strong tidal forces. The effects of gravitational tides on the solid planet and that of atmospheric thermal tides have been studied, but the direct impact of gravitational tides on the atmosphere itself has so far been ignored. We first develop a simplified analytic theory of tides acting on the atmosphere of a planet. We then implement gravitational tides into a general circulation model of a static-ocean planet in a short-period orbit around a low-mass star—the results agree with our analytic theory. Because atmospheric tides and solid-body tides share a scaling with the semimajor axis, we show that there is a maximum amplitude of the atmospheric tide that a terrestrial planet can experience while still having a solid surface; Proxima Centauri b is the poster child for a planet that could be geophysically Earth-like but with atmospheric tides more than 500× stronger than Earth’s. In this most extreme scenario, we show that atmospheric tides significantly impact the planet’s meteorology—but not its climate. Two possible modest climate impacts are enhanced longitudinal heat transport and cooling of the lowest atmospheric layers. The strong radiative forcing of such planets dominates over gravitational tides, unlike moons of cold giant planets, such as Titan. We speculate that atmospheric tides could be climatologically important on planets where the altitude of maximal tidal forcing coincides with the altitude of cloud formation and that the effect could be detectable for non-Earth-like planets subject to even greater tides.
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Auclair-Desrotour, P., J. Laskar, and S. Mathis. "Atmospheric tides and their consequences on the rotational dynamics of terrestrial planets." EAS Publications Series 82 (2019): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/eas/1982008.
Atmospheric tides can have a strong impact on the rotational dynamics of planets. They are of most importance for terrestrial planets located in the habitable zone of their host star, where their competition with solid tides is likely to drive the body towards non-synchronized rotation states of equilibrium, as observed in the case of Venus. Contrary to other planetary layers, the atmosphere is sensitive to both gravitational and thermal forcings, through a complex dynamical coupling involving the effects of Coriolis acceleration and characteristics of the atmospheric structure. These key physics are usually not taken into account in modelings used to compute the evolution of planetary systems, where tides are described with parametrised prescriptions. In this work, we present a new ab initio modeling of atmospheric tides adapting the theory of the Earth’s atmospheric tides (Chapman & Lindzen 1970) to other terrestrial planets. We derive analytic expressions of the tidal torque, as a function of the tidal frequency and parameters characterizing the internal structure (e.g. the Brunt-Väisälä frequency, the radiative frequency, the pressure heigh scale). We show that stratification plays a key role, the tidal torque being strong in the case of convective atmospheres (i.e. with a neutral stratification) and weak in case of atmosphere convectively stable. In a second step, the model is used to determine the non-synchronized rotation states of equilibrium of Venus-like planets as functions of the physical parameters of the system. These results are detailed in Auclair-Desrotour et al. (2016a) and Auclair-Desrotour et al. (2016b).
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Brahde, R. "Lunisolar Atmospheric Tides. II." Australian Journal of Physics 42, no. 4 (1989): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ph890439.
In an earlier paper (Brahde 1988) it was shown that series of measurements of the atmospheric pressure in Oslo contained information about a one�day oscillation with mean amplitude 0�17 mb. The data consisted of measurements every second hour during the years 1957-67, 1969 and 1977. In the present paper the intervening years plus 1978 and 1979 have been included, increasing the basis from 13 to 23 years. In addition the phase shift occurring when the Moon crosses the celestial equator has been defined precisely, thus making it possible to include all the data.
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Brahde, R. "Lunisolar Atmospheric Tides. III." Australian Journal of Physics 44, no. 1 (1991): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ph910087.
In two earlier papers (Brahde 1988, 1989) the atmospheric tide in Oslo (Norway) was studied using pressure data for 23 continuous years. In the present paper a similar study based on pressure data from Batavia (now Jakarta in Indonesia, latitude 6�08'S, longitude 106�45'E) is presented. The result is that the tidal wave caused by the lunisolar tide is represented by a one-day and a half-day oscillation with mean amplitudes of 0 �11 and 0�33 mb respectively. The amplitude spectrum reveals amplitudes of up to 1 mb of dynamiC origin. The 'thermal' tide is also studied and the connection between the thermal and dynamic effects is discussed.
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FORBES, Jeffrey M. "Middle Atmosphere Tides and Coupling between Atmospheric Regions." Journal of geomagnetism and geoelectricity 43, Supplement2 (1991): 597–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.5636/jgg.43.supplement2_597.
Hagen, Jonas, Klemens Hocke, Gunter Stober, Simon Pfreundschuh, Axel Murk, and Niklaus Kämpfer. "First measurements of tides in the stratosphere and lower mesosphere by ground-based Doppler microwave wind radiometry." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 4 (February 28, 2020): 2367–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2367-2020.
Abstract. Atmospheric tides are important for vertical coupling in the atmosphere, from the stratosphere down to the troposphere and up to the thermosphere. They are planetary-scale gravity waves with well-known periods that are integer fractions of a day and can be observed in the temperature or wind fields in the atmosphere. Most lidar techniques and satellites measure atmospheric tides only in the temperature field and continuous measurements of the tides in the wind field of the stratosphere and lower mesosphere are rare, even though, with modern lidars, they would be feasible. In this study, we present measurements of the diurnal tide in the wind field in the stratosphere and lower mesosphere by ground-based microwave wind radiometry for two different campaigns in tropical and polar regions. Further, we compare our measurements to MERRA-2 reanalysis data. In the tri-monthly mean, we find a good correspondence in the amplitude and phase of the diurnal tide between measurements and reanalysis with the most important features of the diurnal tides represented in both data sets. When looking at shorter timescales, we find significant differences in the data sets. We make an attempt to examine these differences and discriminate between atmospheric variability and noise, and we present some hints for intermittent diurnal tides. We conclude that continuous ground-based observations of tides in the middle atmospheric wind field are feasible, and they deliver consistent results for the mean amplitude and phase of the diurnal tide in the tri-monthly mean. We further discuss the limitations in regards to short timescale observations of tides and the possibility to provide additional insight into middle atmospheric dynamics that is complementary to temperature observations and reanalysis data.
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Forbes, Jeffrey M., and Gerald V. Groves. "Atmospheric tides below 80 km." Advances in Space Research 10, no. 12 (January 1990): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(90)90391-c.
Oliver, Sophia. "Modelling studies of the atmospheric tides." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365773.
Kovalam, Sujata. "MF radar observations of tides and planetary waves." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phk878.pdf.
Copies of previously published articles inserted. Bibliography: p. 185-200. Data obtained from six radar stations covering a wide latitude range has been used to determine the global distribution of planetary waves and tides. In the process a number of data analyses techniques were considered for their characterisation.
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Mertz, Gordon James. "Atmospheric and oceanic 40- to 50-day oscillations in the source region of the Somali Current." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25933.
Current and temperature data were acquired in the source region of the Somali Current, jointly by the Universities of Kiel and Miami, as part of the INDEX pilot studies. The data were acquired over a six-month period (January-July, 1976) which spans the springtime Monsoon reversal. The experiment and the data are described in Düing and Schott (1978).
This thesis describes the results of the spectrum analysis of fluctuations found in data from the experiment's two southernmost sensor locations. It is found that, once the annual cycle is removed, most of the variance in these current and temperature records resides in subinertial fluctuations. The most prominent spectral feature is a 40- to 50-day peak.
This 40- to 50-day period is coincident with that of the global-scale circulation cells found in the tropical atmosphere by Madden and Julian (1971 and 1972). The analysis of wind stress and wind stress curl data for the years 1976 and 1979 presented in this thesis indicate that the 40-to 50-day oscillation was present over the Western Indian Ocean during these years. It is suggested here that wind-forcing excites a long coastally trapped wave. To test this idea, a wind-forced quasi-geostrophic, three-layer model and a reduced-gravity model incorporating lateral mean current shear are applied to the Somali Current regime. Model results suggest that the wind forcing is strong enough to excite the observed current and temperature fluctuations. Science, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Graduate
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Wood, Andrew Richard. "Theoretical studies of atmospheric tides for the interpretation of satellite data." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359582.
Yagai, Isamu. "NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF ATMOSPHERIC THERMAL TIDES WITH A GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL." Kyoto University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/168744.
Sridharan, S. "Investigation of middle atmospheric winds, waves and tides from low latitudes." Thesis, Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, Mumbai, 2002. http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/221.
Sridharan, S. "Investigation of middle atmospheric winds, waves and tides from low latitudes." Thesis, IIG, 2002. http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/1604.
A Thesis submitted to the Moanonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree under the guidance of Dr. S. Gurubaran, Equatorial Geophysical Research Laboratory, Tirunelveli and Dr. N. Arunachalam, M.S. University, Tirunelveli
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Stine, Alexander 1973. "A survey of internal tides as seen in moored buoy records." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29579.
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, June 2003. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 139-144). We estimate the vertical structure of tidal frequency energy at various locations in the ocean by decomposing current records from the WHOI moored buoy archive. Estimates are made of the barotropic and baroclinic modes 1-4 for multiple locations, primarily in the North Atlantic and North Pacific. Estimates are also made for energy flux rates at some locations. The implied global dissipation rate fro the internal tides is significantly below estimates from altimetry. by Alexander Stine. S.M.
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Baumgaertner, Andreas Josef Gerhard. "Observations of Middle Atmosphere Dynamics over Antarctica." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Physics and Astronomy, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1397.
This thesis is concerned with the dynamics of the middle atmosphere over the southern-most continent on our planet, Antarctica. Building on previous observational and theoretical efforts to understand the dynamics of this region of the atmosphere, the work encompasses instrument improvements as well as data analysis studies of gravity waves in the lower and middle stratosphere, tides in the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere, and short-period planetary waves in the stratosphere and mesosphere. An upgrade of the Medium-Frequency Spaced Antenna (MFSA) radar at Scott Base, Antarctica, was carried out in 2004/5 in order to ensure continued operation and enhance its capabilities to measure gravity waves. As a result, the quality of the wind measurements was greatly enhanced and the amount of data collected is now greater by a factor of approximately 15 compared with before the upgrade. Analysis of over two decades of wind velocity data from Scott Base yields a reliable climatology of the dynamics of the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere in this area, namely the tidal oscillations and the background winds. In addition, interannual variability is assessed and periodicities of approximately 11 years and strong positive trends in tidal amplitudes are reported. Mechanisms that could explain the observed behaviour are proposed. The data are then combined with wind measurements from Halley, the longitudinal conjugate site, in order to study the zonal character of the semi-diurnal tide. Zonal wavenumber 1 and 2 waves are both found and mechanisms that could explain the generation of a wavenumber 1 component are suggested. Two further sets of MFSA radar wind measurements are used to investigate the behaviour of planetary waves with periods of between two and four days in the Antarctic middle atmosphere. Satellite temperature measurements further help to create a more complete picture of these waves. Baroclinic and barotropic instabilities, which result from shears of the zonal wind, appear to be responsible for much of the observed wave activity. In addition, a quasi-to day wave event in mid-May 2005 with unusually large amplitudes is examined and suggested to be linked to a solar proton event. Gravity wave activity over Antarctica is studied using temperature profiles obtained through the satellite radio occultation technique. Although the measurements are restricted to below 35 km altitude, high-resolution temperature profiles allow conclusions to be drawn about the seasonal, geographical, and height distribution of gravity wave activity. Mountain waves are found to be important over the Antarctic Peninsula and the Transantarctic mountains where they contribute more than 20% of the observed wave activity in the lower stratosphere. In addition, the analysis indicates the importance of critical-level filtering and Doppler-shifting.
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Kim, Sungphil. "Internal Tides and Internal Solitary Waves in the Northern South China Sea." NCSU, 2009. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-05152009-141246/.
Large-amplitude internal solitary waves (ISWs) are frequently observed in the northern South China Sea (SCS). In a project sponsored by the US Office of Naval Research, four moorings were deployed between the Luzon Strait and the Chinese continental shelf by Steve Ramp of the Naval Postgraduate School and David Tang of National Taiwan University from late April 2005 to May 2006. Several CTD sections were taken during April and July in 2005. Satellite pictures were also collected during that period. In this study, these data were used to examine the characteristics, generation, and propagation of ISWs. In the satellite images, monthly change in stratification may cause northward shift of the propagation path, and ISWs are more frequently observed in July than in April and May. Speed estimation shows that ISWs propagate faster in the deep basin than over the continental margin and near the ridge. The generation of internal tides correlates with the eastward tidal flow over the ridge, while ISWs are produced by northwestward tidal currents over the ridges in the Luzon Strait.
John, Stanford. Oscillations in D-region absorption at periods of one to two months. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1989.
John, Stanford. Oscillations in D-region absorption at periods of one to two months. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1989.
Assembly, COSPAR Scientific. Atmospheric tidal dynamics and E- and D-region physics: Proceedings of the CO.1 and C4.1 Symposia of COSPAR Scientific Commission C which was held during the thirty-first COSPAR Scientific Assembly, Birmingham, U.K., 14-21 July 1996. Kidlington, Oxford: Published for the Committee on Space Research [by] Pergamon, 1998.
Williams, Christopher Reed. Analysis of deep convective clouds and their association with non-migrating atmospheric diurnal tides in the tropical troposphere. Boulder, Colo: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, Aeronomy Laboratory, 1994.
United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. An a priori model for the reduction of nutation observations: KSV₁₉₉₄ ̣₃ nutation series. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.
Dieminger, Walter, Gerd K. Hartmann, and Reinhart Leitinger. "Atmospheric Tides." In The Upper Atmosphere, 97–109. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78717-1_3.
Lindzen, Richard S. "Richard J. Reed and Atmospheric Tides." In A Half Century of Progress in Meteorology: A Tribute to Richard Reed, 85–89. Boston, MA: American Meteorological Society, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-878220-69-1_6.
Müller, Peter, and Hans von Storch. "The Dynamics of Tides and Climate." In Computer Modelling in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, 69–89. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06381-1_4.
England, S. L. "A Review of the Effects of Non-migrating Atmospheric Tides on the Earth’s Low-Latitude Ionosphere." In Dynamic Coupling Between Earth’s Atmospheric and Plasma Environments, 211–36. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5677-3_6.
Pancheva, Dora, and Plamen Mukhtarov. "Global Response of the Ionosphere to Atmospheric Tides Forced from Below: Recent Progress Based on Satellite Measurements." In Dynamic Coupling Between Earth’s Atmospheric and Plasma Environments, 175–209. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5677-3_5.
Pancheva, Dora, and Plamen Mukhtarov. "Atmospheric Tides and Planetary Waves: Recent Progress Based on SABER/TIMED Temperature Measurements (2002–2007)." In Aeronomy of the Earth's Atmosphere and Ionosphere, 19–56. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0326-1_2.
Kil, Hyosub, and Larry J. Paxton. "Causal Link of Longitudinal Plasma Density Structure to Vertical Plasma Drift and Atmospheric Tides – A Review." In Aeronomy of the Earth's Atmosphere and Ionosphere, 349–61. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0326-1_26.
Robertson, Robin, Laurie Padman, and Gary D. Egbert. "Tides in the Weddell Sea." In Ocean, Ice, and Atmosphere: Interactions at the Antarctic Continental Margin, 341–69. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ar075p0341.
Bush, Andrew B. G. "Glaciation During Times of Enhanced/Reduced Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide." In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 366–72. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2642-2_188.
Lelong, M. P., and E. Kunze. "Generation of an internal tide by surface tide/eddy resonant interactions." In IUTAM Symposium on Turbulence in the Atmosphere and Oceans, 39–50. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0360-5_4.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Atmospheric tides":
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Didenko, Kseniia, Alexander Pogoreltsev, Andrey Koval, and Tatiana Ermakova. "Investigation of solar thermal tides using model data." In 27th International Symposium on Atmospheric and Ocean Optics, Atmospheric Physics, edited by Oleg A. Romanovskii and Gennadii G. Matvienko. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2603432.
Gavrilov, Nikolai M., and Andrey V. Koval. "Spectra of tides and planetary waves from the data of ionosonde measurements near Saint Petersburg." In 27th International Symposium on Atmospheric and Ocean Optics, Atmospheric Physics, edited by Oleg A. Romanovskii and Gennadii G. Matvienko. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2603285.
Bashkuev, Yuri, Ayurov Dashinima, and Artem Shunkov. "Multi-channel installation for observation of electric field of electrokinetic nature generated by tides on shoreline of Lake Baikal." In 28th International Symposium on Atmospheric and Ocean Optics: Atmospheric Physics, edited by Oleg A. Romanovskii and Gennadii G. Matvienko. SPIE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2644614.
Dighe, Kalpak A., Craig A. Tepley, Raul Garcia, and Jonathan Friedman. "The Arecibo Observatory Daytime Lidar : Preliminary Results." In Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/orsa.1993.tud.15.
The vertical propagation of atmospheric tides and acoustic gravity waves and their corresponding travelling ionospheric disturbances play a crucial role in the transportation and balance of momentum and energy in the earth's atmosphere. The unique availability of both radar and lidar instrumentation at Arecibo can provide simultaneous access to the neutral density, temperature and wind perturbations induced by such wave activity at mesospheric and stratospheric altitudes.
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Lukyanova, Anna, Anna Lukyanova, Andrei Bagaev, Andrei Bagaev, Vladimir Zalesny, Vladimir Zalesny, Vitaliy Ivanov, and Vitaliy Ivanov. "NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE SEMIDIURNAL TIDAL WAVE IMPACT ON THE BLACK SEA CLIMATIC CIRCULATION." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b9439af4c65.49313476.
The Black Sea is an enclosed deep marine basin, where the structure of tidal movements is dominated by the direct influence of the tidal force on the proper water body. We investigated the spatial structure of its climatic circulation under the impact of tides. We developed a program module extending the numerical general circulation model of the Black Sea which was designed in the Institute of numerical mathematics, Moscow. It allows the lunar semidiurnal harmonics (M_2) influence to be taken into account explicitly via the discrete analogues of the differential equations of motion. Our work reflects the main results of the numerical experiment on the 4x4 km horizontal grid and 40 vertical σ-levels. It was a one-year model run using the CORE atmospheric climatology forcing. We compared the first and the last weeks of simulation and found out that the characteristics of a tidal mode M2 were established at a very short period of time (7 days), which is the estimate of the model’s energy redistribution time scale. The coastal areas where the tidal impact is substantial (~10 cm) were located mainly at the shallow-shelf inlets highly influenced by the climate change. Validation of the cotidal maps showed the reliability of our model at the climatological time scale. In future we will focus on the baroclinic tidal movements and validation with the Marine Hydrophysical Institute database in order to shed new light on physical and ecological processes at the frontal zone along the Rim Current.
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Lukyanova, Anna, Anna Lukyanova, Andrei Bagaev, Andrei Bagaev, Vladimir Zalesny, Vladimir Zalesny, Vitaliy Ivanov, and Vitaliy Ivanov. "NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE SEMIDIURNAL TIDAL WAVE IMPACT ON THE BLACK SEA CLIMATIC CIRCULATION." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b4316462ec6.
The Black Sea is an enclosed deep marine basin, where the structure of tidal movements is dominated by the direct influence of the tidal force on the proper water body. We investigated the spatial structure of its climatic circulation under the impact of tides. We developed a program module extending the numerical general circulation model of the Black Sea which was designed in the Institute of numerical mathematics, Moscow. It allows the lunar semidiurnal harmonics (M_2) influence to be taken into account explicitly via the discrete analogues of the differential equations of motion. Our work reflects the main results of the numerical experiment on the 4x4 km horizontal grid and 40 vertical σ-levels. It was a one-year model run using the CORE atmospheric climatology forcing. We compared the first and the last weeks of simulation and found out that the characteristics of a tidal mode M2 were established at a very short period of time (7 days), which is the estimate of the model’s energy redistribution time scale. The coastal areas where the tidal impact is substantial (~10 cm) were located mainly at the shallow-shelf inlets highly influenced by the climate change. Validation of the cotidal maps showed the reliability of our model at the climatological time scale. In future we will focus on the baroclinic tidal movements and validation with the Marine Hydrophysical Institute database in order to shed new light on physical and ecological processes at the frontal zone along the Rim Current.
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Shih, H. H., R. Brennan, and M. Cisternelli. "GPS-Tracked Buoy for Water Level Measurements." In 25th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2006-92212.
With the advancement of differential, kinematic GPS techniques, water level measurements with the accuracy of centimeter- or decimeter-level is possible when buoys are placed close to a coastal base station or at distances of thousands of kilometers from shore, respectively. Applications of these techniques to observe tides and waves and to detect tsunamis have been demonstrated. This paper will first briefly review existing water level measurement methods, the needs for coastal and open ocean water level measurements, previous GPS buoy experiments, and GPS measurement uncertainties and precision positioning techniques. These will then be followed by a brief description of the application of GPS buoys in hydrographic surveying and the development of a real-time water level reporting GPS buoy to support US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Ocean Service (NOS) nautical charting mission. The present measurement system consists of a portable spherical buoy and a shore base station. Utilizing Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) differential GPS technique, accurate water level data were collected and reported in real-time at six- minute intervals in complying with NOS water level measurement standards. The buoy’s motion sensors provide automated corrections for wave-induced buoy motions. Several field tests conducted near NOAA water level stations have shown that the root-mean-square (rms) of differences between the two measurement systems is on the order of 2 cm. The buoy also provides surface wave information. The portability and the accuracy of the system offer possibilities for other applications in coastal waters. Future enhancements include satellite data telemetry and monitoring, option for post processing, and solar power supplementation.
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Solovyov, Andrey V., Mariya Balykina, Elena Meinert, Yuriy Rybnov, Vladimir Harlamov, and Aleksandr Spivak. "Estimation of the influence of the level of tone acoustic noise on the times of simple human reactions." In XXV International Symposium, Atmospheric and Ocean Optics, Atmospheric Physics, edited by Gennadii G. Matvienko and Oleg A. Romanovskii. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2540726.
Herman, B. J., and M. J. Konopnicki. "Response of the atmospheric sodium layer to short optical pulse excitation." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1991.fr2.
Some of the adaptive optics systems contemplated to ameliorate the effects of the atmospheric turbulence utilize guide stars. Guide stars are artificial beacons formed in the atmosphere by the interaction of a laser with matter in the atmosphere. Sodium guide stars are formed as a result of laser interaction with the sodium layer in the upper atmosphere. A small rf FEL is one of the candidates considered as a potential source capable of creating a sodium beacon. The pulse format of such a laser consists of trains of short optical pulses. The duration of an individual pulse is typically shorter than that of relevant relaxation times in the medium. The separation of the pulses may be longer or of the order of the relevant atomic memory time scale. To properly describe interactions of the atmospheric sodium layer with a laser characterized by such a pulse format one must utilize the optical Bloch equations (OBE). The OBE have been solved numerically using a simplified two-level model, and the resulting sodium layer response has been characterized. Additionally, an analytic solution has been obtained for the case in which both the population and coherence relaxation times are equal. The model is capable of providing useful insights.
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McCarrell, Jaime L., Timothy A. Shannon, and Stephen T. McClain. "Convection from Surfaces with Ice Roughness Characterized at Increasing Accumulation Times." In 2018 Atmospheric and Space Environments Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-3016.
Posey, Pamela G., Ruth H. Preller, Gretchen M. Dawson, and Suzanne N. Carroll. Software Test Description (STD) for the Globally Relocatable Navy Tide/Atmospheric Modeling System (PCTides). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada402376.
Gasim, Anwar, Lester Hunt, and Jeyhun Mikayilov. Methane Emissions Baseline Forecasts for Saudi Arabia Using the Structural Time Series Model and Autometrics. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks--2023-dp08.
Reducing methane (CH4) emissions is key to near-term efforts to limit global warming. CH4 is the second most abundant anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) in the atmosphere after carbon dioxide (CO2). The production, transport, and consumption of fossil fuels, in addition to waste and agriculture, account for most anthropogenic CH4 emissions globally (IPCC 2018). Although CH4has only a 12-year lifetime in the atmosphere, it is 84 times more potent per ton than CO2 in a 20-year period and 28 times more potent in a 100-year period (IPCC 2018). The drastically stronger short-term potency of CH4 explains why its short-term impact on global warming is considerably greater than that of CO2. Therefore, meeting the goals of the Paris Agreement necessitates not only decarbonization but also significant CH4 emissions reductions, especially in the near term.
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Preller, Ruth H., Pamela G. Posey, Graeme D. Hubbert, and Suzanne N. Carroll. User's Manual for the Globally Relocatable Navy Tide/Atmosphere Modeling System (PCTides). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada390560.
Preller, Ruth H., Pamela G. Posey, Suzanne N. Carroll, and Laine B. Orsi. Software Requirements Specification for the Globally Relocatable Navy Tide/Atmosphere Modeling System (PCTides). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada389765.
Preller, Ruth H., Pamela G. Posey, Suzanne N. Carroll, and Graeme D. Hubbert. Software Design Description for the Globally Relocatable Navy Tide/Atmosphere Modeling System (PCTides). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada389770.
Brewer, K. D. Water level data from the Bells Corners Borehole Calibration Facility (2019-2021), Ottawa, Ontario. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330087.
The Geological Survey of Canada's deep borehole test site at the Bells Corners Borehole Calibration Facility in Ottawa, Ontario, has been in use since the 1980's for the development and calibration of geophysical logging instrumentation. In more recent times, the need for monitored deep borehole sites in Canada is increasingly important for long-term research into groundwater flow through fractured bedrock, and surface to groundwater interaction. In 2019, the facility underwent repairs to reopen deep boreholes, replace surface casings, and install atmospheric monitoring equipment. This report documents new groundwater level datasets in three of the six boreholes in the well cluster from March 2019 to October 2021. The compilation also integrates rainfall and air temperature data from a rain gauge installed on the site which provides insight into the rapid response times of this fractured bedrock system. This new water level information augments the growing number of datasets supporting the ongoing study of hydrogeological conditions at the calibration facility.
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Noone, Emily, and Lydia Harriss. Hypersonic missiles. Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.58248/pn696.
This POSTnote looks at hypersonic missile technologies, efforts to develop them, potential applications, and the possible challenges they may present for missile defence and global stability. Key Points: • Hypersonic missiles combine speeds of over five times the speed of sound with significant manoeuvrability during flight. • Their manoeuvrability enables them to change trajectory during flight, making their flight-path and target difficult to predict. • They fly at lower altitudes than ballistic missiles, which means that they may be harder to track at long distances with some surface-based sensors, such as certain radar. • There are two main types of hypersonic missile: hypersonic glide vehicles (HGVs) and hypersonic cruise missiles (HCMs). • HGVs are mounted onto rocket boosters for launch and may be accelerated to speeds of Mach 20 or more. The glider then separates from the booster and flies unpowered in the Earth’s upper atmosphere at altitudes of 30-80 km, before diving towards the target. • HCMs typically have a ramjet or scramjet engine that enables them to reach hypersonic speeds at altitudes of 20-40 km. • China and Russia have reportedly deployed hypersonic missiles that could deliver conventional or nuclear weapons. The US is testing multiple hypersonic technologies. • The AUKUS agreement between the UK, US and Australia includes developing hyper-sonic and counter-hypersonic technologies. • Developing hypersonic missiles requires significant research and development challenges to be overcome, contributing to their high development and manufacturing costs. • The speed, manoeuvrability and altitude of hypersonic missiles may challenge existing missile defences, although their uses and effectiveness are still being assessed. • Defence analysts disagree about the potential implications of hypersonic missiles for global peace and stability. Some suggest they could increase the risk of conflict escalation, while others say that they will not alter the strategic balance between nuclear powers. • Arms control, export controls and other measures may help limit potential harm to peace and stability, but these approaches face challenges.
