Готові списки джерел за темами / Benefit calculation

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Benefit calculation"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 червня 2021

Оновлено: 12 лютого 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Benefit calculation":

Li, Yan Qing, Fang Yuan Wei, Fei Long Wang, and Kai Hang Sun. "Study on the Dynamic Benefits of Pumped Storage Power Station." Applied Mechanics and Materials 291-294 (February 2013): 2173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.291-294.2173.

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Based on the full analysis of prior benefit estimation methods of pumped storage power station, from the perspective of pumped storage power station participating in actual operation, itemized analysis on the main dynamic benefits of pumped storage power station and further study of quantitative calculation methods of all the benefits have been down in this paper. When calculating emergency reserve benefit, it introduces a new method of quantitative evaluation of dynamic benefits in a accident, whose core is calculating the curves of load rising in two situations, which are with and without pumped storage units’ participation. With this method, three specific indicators for the evaluation of emergency reserve benefit can be achieved, namely the lack of supply of power consumption, the lack of electricity and accident duration difference. The calculation of black start benefit should be taken into account some of the cost compensation as a black start power. These studies can necessarily promote the healthy development of the pumped storage power station.

Vijaya Saradhi, T., Sk Ayesha Muskan, K. Janaki Ram, and T. Praveen Kumar. "Web service selection based on response time based on QOS." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 1.1 (December 21, 2017): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i1.1.9485.

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Choosing an ideal web benefit among a summary of practically proportional web benefits is still a test problem. For the benefits of the Internet, the proximity of low performing servers, high inactivity or the general poor quality of the administration can turn into lost business, disappointment of the client and lost clients. Existing framework in view of Hidden Markov Models, which also proposes an ideal form for the execution of customer demands. Just calculate the reaction time. In this endeavor we propose three different calculations Ant Colony (- based) Optimization, hereditary calculation and Analytic Algorithm. The method we display may be used to compute and anticipate the behavior of internet services in phrases of costs, accessibility and reaction time could be used to classify administrations quantitatively instead of simply subjectively. Against the rationalization calculation of the province used to organize the reaction time. Hereditary calculation used to distinguish the specific cost of the web benefit and the research calculation used to verify the accessibility of web services. It shows the accessibility and manageability of our strategy by extracting probes of genuine information. The outcomes have proven how our proposed technique can allow the client to consistently choose almost all reliable Web To benefit from considering some measurements, among them, the consistency of the frame and the inconsistency of the reaction time.

Hope, Chris. "Nuclear Power and Global Warming: A First Cost-Benefit Calculation." Energy & Environment 5, no. 3 (September 1994): 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x9400500303.

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This paper investigates the costs and benefits of a modest nuclear power programme in the European Union to combat the threat of global warming. The nuclear programme is found to bring a double benefit. The first and more obvious benefit is that the economic impacts of global warming are reduced. The second benefit is counter-intuitive; most people would expect it to be a cost. It comes from the stimulus to the economy from the construction of the nuclear plant, which, with the recycling of carbon tax revenues, offsets its construction and operating costs, and may even cause consumers' expenditure to rise. Calculations in this paper show that over the period to 2100 the mean net present value of the first benefit is 6 billion European Currency Units (ECU; 1 ECU is about $1), while the second benefit has a mean net present value of 158 billion ECU. However both benefits, particularly the second, are still very uncertain, to the extent that even their sign is not yet definitely established.

Riaman, Dwi Susanti, Agus Supriatna, and Budi Nurani Ruchjana. "Calculation of benefit reserves based on true m-thly benefit premiums." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 893 (October 2017): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/893/1/012029.

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Zhang, Kaiyu, Yuyao Feng, Lijia Ren, and Quanning Yuan. "Optimal Reconstruction of Power Distribution Network based on Reliability and Economy." E3S Web of Conferences 64 (2018): 04007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186404007.

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Great significance shall be attached to the research on how to improve reliability of user-end power supply with limited expense by coordinating reliability and economic efficiency of power grid, so that to meet the increasing demand on reliability of electric power, and achieve considerable economic effectiveness. In this paper, process of power distribution network reliability calculation based on minimum-path failure mode and effect analysis mode is expounded, and a demonstration on calculation of power distribution network reliability is provided. Furthermore, cost-benefit analysis, which includes calculations of cost and benefit of reliability, is introduced to reflect reliability efficiency through power interruption cost calculation. At the end of this paper the cost-benefit Analyses is applied on the optimal reconstructed power distribution network.

HUTAPEA, ANGGIE EZRA JULIANDA, I. NYOMAN WIDANA, and LUH PUTU IDA HARINI. "PENENTUAN CADANGAN PREMI DENGAN PERHITUNGAN PROSPEKTIF UNTUK ASURANSI PENDIDIKAN." E-Jurnal Matematika 7, no. 2 (May 13, 2018): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/mtk.2018.v07.i02.p193.

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The purpose of this research is to get formula to calculate premium reserve value with prospective calculation for education insurance. This study examines the value of premium reserves for people aged 40 years with a coverage period of 17 years. In determining the value of premium reserve using the prospective calculation. It will be started by completing the value of the Indonesian Mortality Table 2011 using the interest rate of 6.5%, calculating the cash value of the benefit, the annuity value, the net annual premium value, and the net monthly premium value. The results of this study indicate that the value of premium reserves with a prospective calculation for benefits paid at the end of the year and the premium reserve value for benefits paid at the time the insured dies, its value with the value of the cash price set by the insurer at the end of year- 17 on the insurance contract.

Huang, Dongliu, Jianluan Guo, and Wenjun Ouyang. "Economical research on optimizing heating parameters of steam heating condensate recovery in thermal power plants." Thermal Science 25, no. 4 Part B (2021): 3209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci2104209h.

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The paper starts with calculating the share of heat of condensate in thermal power plants in the total heat of steam, expounds the purpose, significance, and principle requirements of condensate recovery. Introduces the composition and classification of condensate recovery system, proposes technical and economic indicators for condensate recovery, and derives them a simple algorithm for the benefit of condensate recovery is presented. Finally, two calculation examples are used to illustrate the considerable benefits of condensate recovery.

Arif, Arif Muhammad. "STRATEGI PEDAGANG MENGHADAPI PERSAINGAN (STUDI KASUS WARUNG SEMBAKO PAK RAHMAD DI DEPOK)." Jemasi: Jurnal Ekonomi Manajemen dan Akuntansi 17, no. 1 (June 8, 2021): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.35449/jemasi.v17i1.225.

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This study aims to find out more about the management of the basic food stall business so that it can compete with other basic food stalls. The method used in this research is a qualitative and quantitative analysis method. Qualitative analysis is used to determine the management process using management functions (Planning, Organizing, Actuating, Controlling), and quantitative analysis using the calculation of Cash Flow, Break Even Point (BEP), Payback Period, and B/C Ratio (Benefit Cost Ratio). ). From the results of the calculation of the financial aspect, it can be seen that the profit of Mr. Rahmad's food stall business using cash flow calculations is Rp. 7,670,000 per month, while the payback period is 4 months, the return on investment is acceptable. The calculation of the unit BEP is 143.36 kg. Meanwhile, the rupiah unit BEP is Rp. 3,442,959. According to the calculation of the Benefit Cash Ratio of 18.4 > 1, Pak Rahmad's basic food stall is feasible.

Margulies, Timothy S. "Simple cost risk-benefit calculation: nuclear plant backfit analysis." Reliability Engineering & System Safety 86, no. 3 (December 2004): 327–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2004.02.010.

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Yaya, Sanni, and Xiaonan Li. "Guide to cost benefit analysis of community-based interventions." Journal of Hospital Administration 3, no. 5 (April 14, 2014): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jha.v3n5p47.

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This paper offers a general guide on how to conduct a proper economic analysis for community-based intervention projects. Identification and quantification of costs and benefits are the focus of the cost benefit analysis. We categorize costs and benefits from human and physical perspectives and pay special attention to the measures of saving human lives accompanied by the proposed calculation methods. We recommend net present value and benefit-cost ratio as the criteria to assess projects and highlight some challenges remaining in the analysis.

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Дисертації з теми "Benefit calculation":

López, Claudio David. "Shortening time-series power flow simulations for cost-benefit analysis of LV network operation with PV feed-in." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Elektricitetslära, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-242099.

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Time-series power flow simulations are consecutive power flow calculations on each time step of a set of load and generation profiles that represent the time horizon under which a network needs to be analyzed. These simulations are one of the fundamental tools to carry out cost-benefit analyses of grid planing and operation strategies in the presence of distributed energy resources, unfortunately, their execution time is quite substantial. In the specific case of cost-benefit analyses the execution time of time-series power flow simulations can easily become excessive, as typical time horizons are in the order of a year and different scenarios need to be compared, which results in time-series simulations that require a rather large number of individual power flow calculations. It is often the case that only a set of aggregated simulation outputs is required for assessing grid operation costs, examples of which are total network losses, power exchange through MV/LV substation transformers, and total power provision from PV generators. Exploring alternatives to running time-series power flow simulations with complete input data that can produce approximations of the required results with a level of accuracy that is suitable for cost-benefit analyses but that require less time to compute can thus be beneficial. This thesis explores and compares different methods for shortening time-series power flow simulations based on reducing the amount of input data and thus the required number of individual power flow calculations, and focuses its attention on two of them: one consists in reducing the time resolution of the input profiles through downsampling while the other consists in finding similar time steps in the input profiles through vector quantization and simulating them only once. The results show that considerable execution time reductions and sufficiently accurate results can be obtained with both methods, but vector quantization requires much less data to produce the same level of accuracy as downsampling. Vector quantization delivers a far superior trade-off between data reduction, time savings, and accuracy when the simulations consider voltage control or when more than one simulation with the same input data is required, as in such cases the data reduction process can be carried out only once. One disadvantage of this method is that it does not reproduce peak values in the result profiles with accuracy, which is due to the way downsampling disregards certain time steps in the input profiles and to the averaging effect vector quantization has on the them. This disadvantage makes the simulations shortened through these methods less precise, for example, for detecting voltage violations.

Lewis, Edwin C. "Cost Benefit Analysis of Virginia EFNEP: Calculating Indirect Benefits and Sensitivity Analysis." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36867.

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The Cooperative Extension System has focused on nutrition education for low-income families for approximately 29 years via the Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP). In response to the need for a comprehensive economic evaluation of EFNEP, Virginia Cooperative Extension (VCE) was awarded a grant from the Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Services, United States Department of Agriculture (CSREES, USDA) to conduct a cost benefit analysis (CBA) of nutrition education programs, with emphasis on EFNEP. Virginia EFNEP served as the pilot program to test the evaluation procedure. This study is a part of the CBA of Virginia EFNEP. The purpose is to calculate the indirect tangible benefits derived from participation in EFNEP. The indirect tangible benefits are classified as 1) delaying productivity loss due to mortality and 2) avoiding productivity loss due to morbidity. This study also uses sensitivity analysis to evaluate the effects of two critical assumptions pertaining to retention of dietary behaviors and to incidence rate of diseases in the low-income population. Finally, the discount rate is analyzed via sensitivity calculations. There were two major conclusions drawn from this study. First, the indirect benefits accounted for more than $1 million of the total benefit generate by EFNEP. Second, the sensitivity analyses support the positive outcome (i. e., positive return on every dollar invested) derived from the CBA of Virginia EFNEP.
Master of Science

Billstein, Hedda, and Sofie Näslund. "Att ta fram kundnyttor med användningen av ett digitalt verksamhetssystem : En fallstudie av CANEA." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och industriell teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-444955.

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Informationsteknik (IT) har i samband med ett växande behov att transformera verksamheter till digitala fått en större betydelse för beslutsfattande i företag, då utvecklings- och investeringsinitiativ i allt större utsträckning inkluderar specifika IT element. Likafullt kvarstår utmaningar med att motivera nyttor av en investering i digitala verksamhetssystem. Utmaningarna indikerar ett behov av att tydliggöra nyttor med användningen av ett digitalt verksamhetssystem. Syftet med studien var att utforska nyttor och relevanta nyckeltal relaterade till användningen av ett företags digitala verksamhetssystem. Fortsatt var syftet att göra en ansats i att ta fram innehåll till en generell nyttokalkyl för användning av ett integrerat verksamhetssystem, vilken kan åskådliggöra faktiska nyttor och mätbara effekter samt användas vid försäljning av produkten. En kvalitativ fallstudie genomfördes på CANEA, där fem medarbetare på olika hierarkiska nivåer intervjuades och forskning inom ämnesområdet insamlades. Det har påvisats att investeringar i digitala verksamhetssystem genererar både kvantitativa- och kvalitativa nyttor. Likaså har det påvisats att forskningen antyder att det inledningsvis kan vara fördelaktigt att inkludera finansiella nyttor i en nyttokalkyl för investeringar i digitala verksamhetssystem. Fortsatt har det indikerats att kalkylen behöver inkludera både kvantitativa-, kvalitativa- och finansiella nyckeltal. Givet till kalkylens utformning och design har studiens resultat implicerat att val av output för respektive nyckeltal bör anpassas till organisationen och systemet i fråga.
In connection with a growing need to transform businesses into digital, information technology (IT) has become increasingly important for decision-making in companies, as development and investment initiatives increasingly include specific IT elements. Nevertheless, challenges remain in motivating the benefits of investing in digital business systems. The challenges indicate a need to clarify the benefits of using a digital business system. The purpose of the study was to explore benefits and relevant key figures related to the use of a company's digital business system. The aim of the study was furthermore to make an effort to produce a content proposal for a general benefit calculation for the use of an integrated business system, which can illustrate actual benefits and measurable effects andbe used in the sale of the product. A qualitative case study was conducted at CANEA, where five employees at different hierarchical levels were interviewed and research in the subject area was collected. It has been shown that investments in digital business systems generate both quantitative and qualitative benefits. Similarly, it has been shown that research suggests that it may initially be beneficial to include financial benefits in a benefit calculation for investments in digital business systems. The result has continued to indicate that the calculation needs to include both quantitative, qualitative and financial key figures. Given the design and design of the calculation, the results of the study have indicated that the choice of output for each key figure should be adapted to the organization and system in question.

Ali, Muhammad. "Probabilistic modelling techniques and a robust design methodology for offshore wind farms." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/probabilistic-modelling-techniques-and-a-robust-design-methodology-for-offshore-wind-farms(f8f6c1b9-d237-4d38-b7cf-ebab57a1d4f1).html.

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Wind power installations have seen a significant rise all over the world in the past decade. Further significant growth is expected in the future. The UK’s ambitions for offshore wind installations are reflected through Round 1, 2 and 3 projects. It is expected that Round 3 alone will add at least 25 GW of offshore wind generation into the system. Current research knowledge is mostly limited to smaller wind farms, the aim of this research is to improve offline and online modelling techniques for large offshore wind farms. A critical part of offline modelling is the design of the wind farm. Design of large wind farms particularly requires careful consideration as high capital costs are involved. This thesis develops a novel methodology which leads to a cost-effective and reliable design of an offshore wind farm. A new industrial-grade software tool is also developed during this research. The tool enables multiple offshore wind farm design options to be built and tested quickly with minimal effort using a Graphical User Interface (GUI). The GUI is designed to facilitate data input and presentation of the results. This thesis also develops an improved method to estimate a wind farm’s energy yield. Countries with large-scale penetration of wind farms often carry out wind energy curtailments. Prior knowledge of estimated energy curtailments from a wind farm can be advantageous to the wind farm owner. An original method to calculate potential wind energy curtailment is proposed. In order to perform wind energy curtailments a network operator needs to decide which turbines to shut down. This thesis develops a novel method to identify turbines inside a wind farm that should be prioritised for shut down and given priority when scheduling preventive maintenance of the wind farm. Once the wind farm has been built and connected to the network, it operates as part of a power system. Real-time online simulation techniques are gaining popularity among system operators. These techniques allow operators to carry out simulations using short-term forecasted wind conditions. A novel method is proposed to probabilistically estimate the power production of a wind farm in real-time, taking into account variation in wind speed and effects of turbulence inside the wind farm. Furthermore, a new probabilistic aggregation technique is proposed to establish a dynamic equivalent model of a wind farm. It determines the equivalent number and parameters of wind turbines that can be used to simulate the dynamic response of the wind farm throughout the year.

Beisheim, Benedikt [Verfasser]. "Calculation and application of resource effciency indicators in continuous processes / Benedikt Beisheim." Düren : Shaker, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1217164227/34.

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Dekker, Kaely. "The Dollars and Cents of Driving and Cycling: Calculating the Full Costs of Transportation in Calgary, Canada." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-296031.

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Many cities across the globe are working to facilitate cycling as a sustainable transportation mode through changes to public policy and investments in infrastructure. Examining the costs and benefits of both driving and cycling using the cost benefit analysis (CBA) framework developed in Copenhagen provides an opportunity to identify private and social costs associated with these modes of transport with respect to environmental, social, and economic impacts. This paper outlines the methods used to calculate the per-kilometre costs of driving and cycling in Calgary, Canada, utilizing real-world data and methods from Canadian and global best-practice with the Copenhagen CBA framework as a guide. Transportation costs were calculated for travel time, vehicle ownership, health, collisions, air pollution, climate change, noise, roadway degradation, congestion, and winter maintenance for both driving and cycling. When the costs borne by both individuals and society are calculated for Calgary (in 2015 Canadian dollars) driving costs $0.83 per kilometre and cycling costs $0.08 per kilometre. When the social costs of transport are isolated, the cost of driving one kilometre is $0.10, while cycling one kilometre generates a net social benefit of $0.35. The results of this research show that the Copenhagen CBA framework can be applied in jurisdictions outside Denmark to calculate environmental, social, and economic costs of driving and cycling.

Driessen, Emiel. "The benefits of bicycling through the fields : Calculating the effects of an increased bicycle commuting scenario in a Swedish rural setting on transport related societal costs." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekoteknik- och hållbart byggande, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-39575.

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Bicycling as a form of active transport has been gaining in popularity amongst policy makers and urban planners. In many cities, it is seen as a beneficial and efficient transport alternative to the congesting and air polluting car. Besides that, bicycling has also shown to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, noise and come with a range of health benefits when done regularly. Despite studies showing the individual and societal benefits of bicycling in an urban context, there is a lack of literature on how these benefits translate to a rural setting, characterised by longer distances and lower volumes of travellers. A commuting route between Östersund and Krokom was taken to study this. A cost-benefits analysis was performed for this route in which the transport related societal costs were calculated for a hypothetical increased bicycling scenario on this route and compared to the costs of a status quo scenario with no bicycling. Results show significant bicycle related costs such as travel time, and accidents, but also benefits compared to the car such as health and low operating costs. The environmental benefits are relatively small. Due to the results of the study covering a wide range, no conclusion could be drawn on if the studied rural bicycling scenario would be desirable or not. Conservative estimates indicate extra societal costs, while bicycle favouring estimates indicate cost savings.

2020-06-05

Ishaque, Mohammed. "A new method for calculating the economic benefits of varying degrees of power factor correction for industrial plant loads." PDXScholar, 1992. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4322.

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A comparative study of the economic benefits that can be obtained from different degrees of power factor correction for medium and small scale industrial installations is shown. A new approach for precise calculation of kws and kvars required at different power factors is presented. These calculated values are used to find the return on investments for the capacitors needed for power factor correction. The developed method is easy to use, cost effective, accurate and will help electrical engineers with minimum knowledge of power systems to precisely determine the savings available by improving the power factor of an industrial load.

Franchi, Maria Chiara. "Paper cutting for publishing industry: evaluation of environmental benefit of an advanced management system and of an environmental impact comunication tool." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.

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The aim of this work is to investigate on one hand the impacts and benefits due to the industrial cutting of paper using an advanced management system, on the other hand the scientific validity of an environmental impact communication tool. The present study shows how the paper cutting chain of the DueEmmePack company works, facing the issue of environmental impacts for each step; it is also illustrated and validated the Eco-calculator, a simple mean of communication between company and customer. As far as the Eco-calculator validation is concerned, the data implemented in the instrument were compared and updated with the data present in the most important national databases, verifying the reliability of the sources and always taking as reference the average Italian data. The tool results updated and reliable, but above all, proves to be effective precisely because of its simplicity, because it also allows an untrained eye to understand the environmental impacts thanks to a comparison with everyday situations. The study of the impacts of the DueEmmePack cutting process was possible thanks to the application of the Life Cycle Assessment methodology, which allows investigating the impact of a product or process throughout its life cycle. In addition, the calculation software SimaPro was fundamental, since it contains detailed databases of pre-set and validated processes (e.g. Ecoinvent) with which it was possible to carry out the study. The impacts generated by the company are mainly due to the internal transport of the material and the packaging procedure, while the use of photovoltaic panels for the electrical supply has proved to be of fundamental importance, as it is able to greatly reduce the impact on the environment. This study, set up in the "gate-to-gate", is therefore exploitable by the company as a management tool that provides information on internal processes on which to focus its attention and on which to intervene to improve environmental performance.

Kopp, Benedikt Marian Georg [Verfasser], and Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] Debus. "New Methods to Evaluate and Reduce Uncertainties in Particle Therapy: From LET Calculation to CICR Planning / Benedikt Marian Georg Kopp ; Betreuer: Jürgen Debus." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1232578169/34.

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Книги з теми "Benefit calculation":

Services, Illinois Dept of Human. Quarterly reporting/quarterly benefit calculation. Springfield, Ill.]: Illinois Dept. of Human Services, 2002.

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Office, General Accounting. [Rural Telephone Bank--review of RTB's 1991 loan interest rate calculation]. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1992.

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Hufbauer, Gary Clyde. The benefits of price convergence: Speculative calculations. Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics, 2002.

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Phillips, Patricia Pulliam. Data conversion: Calculating the monetary benefits. San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer, 2008.

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Rainer, Leo. Energy savings estimates and cost benefit calculations for high performance relocatable classrooms. Davis, CA: Davis Energy Group, Inc., 2003.

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Spencer, Lyle M. Calculating human resource costs and benefits: Cutting costs and improving productivity. New York: J. Wiley, 1986.

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Link, Albert N. Public goods, public gains: Calculating the social benefits of public R&D. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.

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Colvin, Phyllis. The economic ideal in British Government: Calculating costs and benefits in the 1970s. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1985.

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Colvin, Phyllis. The Economic ideal in British government: Calculating costs and benefits in the 1970s. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1985.

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Office, General Accounting. Private pensions: Process needed to monitor the mandated interest rate for pension calculations : report to Congressional Requesters. Washington, D.C: GAO, 2003.

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Частини книг з теми "Benefit calculation":

Mishan, E. J., and Euston Quah. "Calculation of rates of return and of time preference." In Cost-Benefit Analysis, 134–36. Sixth edition. | Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351029780-27.

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Kumar, Pancham, Amit Soni, and Jagrati Sahariya. "Cost–Benefit Calculation Using AB2X4 (A = Zn, Cd; B = Ga; X = Te): A Promising Material for Solar Cells." In Intelligent Computing Techniques for Smart Energy Systems, 313–17. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0214-9_35.

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Çakır, Uğur, and Erol Şahin. "A Solar Energy Calculation Study for the Buildings in Bayburt in Order to Get Optimum Benefit from the Sun Directly." In Progress in Exergy, Energy, and the Environment, 885–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04681-5_85.

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Zachariadis, Theodoros, and Costas Hadjikyriakou. "Data and Preliminary Calculations." In Social Costs and Benefits of Renewable Electricity Generation in Cyprus, 25–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31535-5_4.

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Rodgers, James D. "Incorporating Fringe Benefits in Loss Calculations." In Forensic Economics, 89–115. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-56392-7_6.

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von Weizsäcker, Carl Christian, and Hagen M. Krämer. "Public Debt." In Saving and Investment in the Twenty-First Century, 137–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75031-2_6.

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AbstractMore than a third of private wealth in the OECD plus China region consists of entitlements to public retirement benefits. If the state covered these future obligations using a reserve fund, an insoluble problem of investment would arise. It is only by doing without reserve funds that the twenty-first century welfare state is compatible with price stability at non-negative real interest rates. In calculating government obligations according to the ADL method, statistical offices acknowledge the implicit public debt deriving from the retirement system. Systems of public health insurance and public nursing care insurance also generate considerable implicit public debt and corresponding private wealth. The TRILL system advocated by Robert Shiller can make an important contribution to stabilize the high public debt that will be necessary in the future at low real interest rates. We undertake an empirical estimation of the level of public debt in the OECD plus China region. To determine explicit public debt, we use data on net public debt from the International Monetary Fund. Implicit public debt is mainly comprised of the state’s capitalized financial obligations deriving from the public retirement system and public health insurance. Some statistical offices publish data on the retirement benefit entitlements that have accrued within social security systems. This data provides an important basis for our calculations. We estimate that total public debt in the OECD plus China region is equivalent to more than 600% of total annual consumption in the region.

Eliasson, Gunnar. "Economy-Wide, Long-Run Model-Based Social Cost-Benefit Calculations." In Economics of Science, Technology and Innovation, 365–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66993-9_14.

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Laghave, Nikhil, Masha Sosonkina, Pieter Maris, and James P. Vary. "Benefits of Parallel I/O in Ab Initio Nuclear Physics Calculations." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 84–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01970-8_9.

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Boettle, Markus, Diego Rybski, and Jürgen P. Kropp. "Adaptation to Sea Level Rise: Calculating Costs and Benefits for the Case Study Kalundborg, Denmark." In Climate Change Adaptation in Practice, 25–34. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118548165.ch3.

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Wilner, Alex, and Casey Babb. "New Technologies and Deterrence: Artificial Intelligence and Adversarial Behaviour." In NL ARMS, 401–17. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-419-8_21.

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AbstractOffering a critical synthesis of extant insights into technological developments in AI and their potential ramifications for international relations and deterrence postures, this chapter argues that AI risks influencing military deterrence and coercion in unique ways: it may alter cost-benefit calculations by removing the fog of war, by superficially imposing rationality on political decisions, and by diminishing the human cost of military engagement. It may recalibrate the balance between offensive and defensive measures, tipping the scales in favour of pre-emption, and undermine existing assumptions imbedded in both conventional and nuclear deterrence. AI might altogether remove human emotions and eliminate other biological limitations from the practice of coercion. It may provide users the ability to collect, synthesize, and act upon real-time intelligence from several disparate sources, augmenting the certainty and severity of punishment strategies, both in theatre and online, compressing the distance between intelligence, political decisions, and coercive action. As a result, AI may quicken the overall pace of action across all domains of coercion, in conflict, crisis, and war, and within the related subfields of national security, counterterrorism, counter-crime, and counter-espionage.

Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Benefit calculation":

Xu, Chen-guang, and Mai-huan Zhao. "Flood Control Compensation Benefit Calculation of Large Reservoir." In 2010 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2010.5515326.

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Cui, Quansheng, Xiaomin Bai, Shouzhen Zhu, and Biyao Huang. "Cost-benefit calculation and analysis of V2G system." In 2016 China International Conference on Electricity Distribution (CICED). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ciced.2016.7576284.

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Granden, M., J. Johansen, and L. Bakløkk. "Economic benefit calculation of quality improvements in road construction." In The 10th International Conference on the Bearing Capacity of Roads, Railways and Airfields (BCRRA 2017). Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315100333-314.

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Hudson, P. T. W., and D. Stephens. "Cost and Benefit in HSE: A Model for Calculation of Cost-Benefit using Incident Potential." In SPE International Conference on Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/61050-ms.

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Effendie, Adhitya Ronnie. "Actuarial calculation for PSAK-24 purposes post-employment benefit using market-consistent approach." In 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACTUARIAL SCIENCE AND STATISTICS (ICASS 2014). AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4936455.

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Chang, Siwei, Yuan Qi, and Yingbo Ji. "Economic Benefit Calculation Model for Prefabricated Buildings in China Based on Cash Flow." In International Conference on Construction and Real Estate Management 2019. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784482308.077.

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Huang, Wen-Cheng, Bin Shuai, and Mei-Lin Li. "Improved Railway Passenger Comfort Benefit Quantitative Calculation Approach: Based on Candidate Time Value Set." In 17th COTA International Conference of Transportation Professionals. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784480915.172.

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Dott, Dawn R., S. C. Wirasinghe, and Amit Chakma. "Putting the Environment Into the NPV Calculation: Quantifying Pipeline Environmental Costs." In 1996 1st International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc1996-1941.

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Pipeline projects impact the environment through soil and habitat disturbance, noise during construction and compressor operation, river crossing disturbance and the risk of rupture. Assigning monetary value to these negative project consequences enables the environment to be represented in the project cost-benefit analysis. This paper presents the mechanics and implications of two environmental valuation techniques: (1) the contingent valuation method and (2) the stated preference method. The use of environmental value at the project economic-evaluation stage is explained. A summary of research done on relevant environmental attribute valuation is presented and discussed. Recommendations for further research in the field are made.

Demol, Thibault, Jean-Pierre Izard, and Nicolas Tartare. "Efficient Probabilistic Calculation of a Thermal Transient on a 3D FE Model With Variable Heat Exchange Coefficient." In ASME 2013 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2013-97674.

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Probabilistic calculations are often used to evaluate reliability in nuclear industry. One of their main difficulties is that failure probabilities are, in this domain, very low and therefore their computations are very long. The speed of the calculations depends on the probabilistic algorithm and the complexity of the physical problem (usually modeled by a finite element analysis). The optimization of the probabilistic algorithms benefits from a wealth of literature but the physical problem is often very simplified by a lot of approximations. This paper develops a methodology to avoid some approximations. The geometry of the problem is often brought back to a 1D or 2D problem. Here, large 3D mesh can still be used thanks to transfer functions. This requires the linearity of the problem and especially a constant heat transfer coefficient for a thermo-elastic analysis. This limitation has been removed. This article’s focus is on methodology but qualitative results of a probabilistic brittle fracture application of a reactor pressure vessel (RPV) in ferritic steel are given. Other kinds of analysis can benefit from similar methodology.

Wang, Shunda, and Xiuli Li. "The Thermal Balance Calculation of AP1000 Turbine Roll-Up by Non-Nuclear Steam." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-15418.

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The initial turbine non-nuclear steam roll-up is an important test during nuclear power plant startup. The purpose of the test is to discover and solve turbine problem before reactor achieve critical. The benefit of this test is milestone may be shorter and save time. Use AP1000 equipments design parameters to calculate the basement of this test, by the way, we can find a safe method to startup. In this test, the heat is produced by reactor coolant pumps and PZR heaters. During roll-up, to avoid critical zones of turbine and reduce thermal stress, we hold on some speed points. At low speed period we can make up heat to make sure we can achieve the purpose of this test. So the calorimetric balance between primary side and second side is very important. Non-nuclear steam has many benefits for nuclear power plant startup. First, the secondary loop completes build before the primary system, but as one of the most important equipments, turbine must be examined to make sure it can roll-up and operation without no disease, so before primary system equipments installation finished we can save lots of time to solve turbine problems; the second one, during this duration, all of equipments of primary system can perform their function in the first time, we also make sure system function can perform correctly and timely. So, as a big picture, the milestone of startup can be shorter by replace nuclear steam rolling-up the turbine.

Звіти організацій з теми "Benefit calculation":

Rainer, Leo I., Marc A. Hoeschele, Michael G. Apte, Derek G. Shendell, and Wlliam J. Fisk. Energy savings estimates and cost benefit calculations for high performance relocatable classrooms. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/821454.

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Tarko, Andrew P., Thomas Hall, Cristhian Lizarazo, and Fernando España-Monedero. Speed Management in Small Cities and Towns—Guidelines for Indiana. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317122.

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Many small cities and towns in rural states such as Indiana are crossed by arterial highways. The local traffic on these roads, particularly vulnerable road users, face the excessive risk of injury and death. This danger is amplified with local land development, driveways, and on-street parking in town centers. This report presents an Indiana study of the speeding problem on arterial roads passing through small communities. Past research on various countermeasures suitable for the studied conditions were identified and the connection between speed reduction and safety improvements was investigated in a sample of Indiana small towns. Promising speed-reduction measures include speed feedback signs and converging chevrons with speed limit legends marked on the pavement. Point-to-point enforcement is a modern and highly effective alternative that may be applicable on highways passing small towns if the through traffic prevails with limited interruptions. This report provides a method of evaluating the benefits of speed reduction in the studied conditions where the risk of severe injury and fatality is excessive to road users while the frequency of crashes is low. The method includes the proactive estimation of the economic benefit. The results indicate that both the local and through traffic on highways passing a small town benefit considerably from speed reduction even after accounting for the loss of time. An Excel spreadsheet developed in the study facilitates the calculations.

McCullouch, Bob. INDOT Research Program Benefit Cost Analysis—Return on Investment for Projects Completed in FY 2019. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317279.

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To demonstrate the value of research and its implementation, the Governor’s Office requested an annual financial analysis of the INDOT Research Program to determine the return on the research investment (ROI). This report is for the 35 research projects that completed in FY 2019. The ROI analysis will supplement the annual IMPACT report by adding a more rigorous quantitative benefit cost analysis (BCA) to the Research Program. Previous financial analyses used the approach of calculating net present values of cash flows to determine a benefit cost ratio and this report uses the same approach. Additionally, an overall program rate of return (ROI) is reported and will be accumulated over time into a rolling 5-year average. The ROI is expressed as a BCA ratio, which is commonly used by State DOTs and national transportation research agencies when expressing the return on the research investment. By using total program costs in the analysis, rather than just the individual project cost, a very conservative BCA ratio is obtained. Interestingly, the quantified cost savings from a single project frequently underwrites the cost of the entire research program in a fiscal year.

Chandra, Shailesh, Mehran Rahmani, Timothy Thai, Vivek Mishra, and Jacqueline Camacho. Evaluating Financing Mechanisms and Economic Benefits to Fund Grade Separation Projects. Mineta Transportation Institute, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2020.1926.

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Investment in transportation infrastructure projects generates benefits, both direct and indirect. While emissions reductions, crash reductions, and travel time savings are prominent direct benefits, there are indirect benefits in the form of real estate enhancements that could pay off debt or loan incurred in the improvement of the infrastructure itself. Studies have shown that improvements associated with rail transportation (such as station upgrades) trigger an increase in the surrounding real estate values, increasing both the opportunity for monetary gains and, ultimately, property tax collections. There is plenty of available guidance that provides blueprints for benefits calculations for operational improvements in rail transportation. However, resources are quite limited in the analysis of benefits that accrue from the separation of railroad at-grade crossings. Understanding the impact of separation in a neighborhood with high employment or population could generate revenues through increased tax collections. In California, the research need is further amplified by a lack of guidance from the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) on at-grade crossing for separation based on revenue generated. There is a critical need to understand whether grade separation projects could impact neighboring real estate values that could potentially be used to fund such separations. With COVID-19, as current infrastructure spending in California is experiencing a reboot, an approach more oriented to benefits and costs for railroad at-grade separation should be explored. Thus, this research uses a robust benefits-to-cost analysis (BCA) to probe the economic impacts of railroad at-grade separation projects. The investigation is carried out across twelve railroad-highway at-grade crossings in California. These crossings are located at Francisquito Ave., Willowbrook/Rosa Parks Station, Sassafras St., Palm St., Civic Center Dr., L St., Spring St. (North), J St., E St., H St., Parkmoor West, and Nursery Ave. The authors found that a majority of the selected at-grade crossings analyzed accrue high benefits-to-cost (BC) ratios from travel time savings, safety improvements, emissions reductions, and potential revenue generated if property taxes are collected and used to fund such separation projects. The analysis shows that with the estimated BC ratios, the railroad crossing at Nursery Ave. in Fremont, Palm St. in San Diego, and H St. in Chula Vista could be ideal candidates for separation. The methodology presented in this research could serve as a handy reference for decision-makers selecting one or more at-grade crossings for the separation considering economic outputs and costs.

Ishaque, Mohammed. A new method for calculating the economic benefits of varying degrees of power factor correction for industrial plant loads. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6206.

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Saltus, Christina, Todd Swannack, and S. McKay. Geospatial Suitability Indices Toolbox (GSI Toolbox). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41881.

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Habitat suitability models are widely adopted in ecosystem management and restoration, where these index models are used to assess environmental impacts and benefits based on the quantity and quality of a given habitat. Many spatially distributed ecological processes require application of suitability models within a geographic information system (GIS). Here, we present a geospatial toolbox for assessing habitat suitability. The Geospatial Suitability Indices (GSI) toolbox was developed in ArcGIS Pro 2.7 using the Python® 3.7 programming language and is available for use on the local desktop in the Windows 10 environment. Two main tools comprise the GSI toolbox. First, the Suitability Index Calculator tool uses thematic or continuous geospatial raster layers to calculate parameter suitability indices based on user-specified habitat relationships. Second, the Overall Suitability Index Calculator combines multiple parameter suitability indices into one overarching index using one or more options, including: arithmetic mean, weighted arithmetic mean, geometric mean, and minimum limiting factor. The resultant output is a raster layer representing habitat suitability values from 0.0 to 1.0, where zero is unsuitable habitat and one is ideal suitability. This report documents the model purpose and development as well as provides a user’s guide for the GSI toolbox.