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Статті в журналах з теми "Continental water":
Wigginton, N. S. "Continental global water filter." Science 349, no. 6244 (July 9, 2015): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.349.6244.150-e.
Bauch, D., S. Torres-Valdes, I. Polyakov, A. Novikhin, I. Dmitrenko, J. McKay, and A. Mix. "Halocline water modification and along-slope advection at the Laptev Sea continental margin." Ocean Science 10, no. 1 (February 25, 2014): 141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-10-141-2014.
Bauch, D., S. Torres-Valdes, I. Polyakov, A. Novikhin, I. Dmitrenko, J. McKay, and A. Mix. "Halocline water modification and along slope advection at the Laptev Sea continental margin." Ocean Science Discussions 10, no. 5 (September 12, 2013): 1581–617. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-10-1581-2013.
Koster, Randal D., D. Perry de Valpine, and Jean Jouzel. "Continental water recycling and H218O concentrations." Geophysical Research Letters 20, no. 20 (October 22, 1993): 2215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/93gl01781.
Greenway, Margaret. "Wetlands and shallow continental water bodies." Aquatic Botany 52, no. 1-2 (September 1995): 158–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3770(95)90006-3.
Kusky, Timothy M., Mingguo Zhai, and Wenjiao Xiao. "The evolving continents: understanding processes of continental growth – introduction." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 338, no. 1 (2010): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp338.1.
Briggs, K. B. "Microtopographical roughness of shallow-water continental shelves." IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering 14, no. 4 (1989): 360–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/48.35986.
van Dam, T., J. Wahr, P. C. D. Milly, A. B. Shmakin, G. Blewitt, D. Lavallée, and K. M. Larson. "Crustal displacements due to continental water loading." Geophysical Research Letters 28, no. 4 (February 15, 2001): 651–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000gl012120.
Nikanorov, A. M., and V. P. Yemelyanova. "Comprehensive evaluation of continental surface water quality." Water Resources 32, no. 1 (January 2005): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11268-005-0008-1.
Shaw, D. M. "Boron, tourmaline and water in continental cratons." Chemical Geology 70, no. 1-2 (August 1988): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(88)90406-8.
Дисертації з теми "Continental water":
Montseny, Cuscó Maria. "Ecological restoration of cold-water corals on the Mediterranean continental shelf." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672257.
Els coralls d’aigua freda habiten en les plataformes continentals, talussos, canyons, muntanyes submarines i dorsals oceàniques d’arreu del món, des de 50 a 4000 metres de profunditat. Les espècies de coralls d’aigua freda creen hàbitats heterogenis que donen suport a una infinitat de fauna associada i formen esculls i boscos de coralls altament diversos. Les principals amenaces que actualment impacten aquests ecosistemes de coralls d’aigua freda son d’origen antròpic, com ara l’activitat pesquera, l’explotació de petroli i gas i l’incipient explotació minera. Així mateix, el canvi climàtic, el qual provoca canvis en la columna d’aigua, també està afectant aquests ecosistemes. Les característiques vitals dels coralls d’aigua freda (longevitat, creixement lent i reclutament limitat) els fan molt vulnerables a les amaces tan actuals com futures. Atesa la seva limitada capacitat de recuperació, l’interès per preservar i restaurar els ecosistemes de coralls d’aigua freda està en constant creixement. La creació d’àrees marines protegides i les accions restauració ecològica activa són avui en dia les millors eines de gestió per conservar ecosistemes autòctons i representen una oportunitat per revertir els danys antròpics que ja han tingut lloc. A través d’enfocaments passius (regeneració natural després del cessament del impacte) i actius (l’ésser humà interacciona amb les característiques biòtiques i/o abiòtiques de l’ecosistema), les activitats de restauració busquen accelerar la recuperació de l’estructura i funcionament dels ecosistemes en funció a un model de referència. Contràriament als ecosistemes terrestres i d’aigües someres, la restauració ecològica enfocada a ambients marins intermedis (50–200 m) i profunds (> 200 m) ha rebut menor atenció. Fins ara, a aquestes profunditats només s’han dut a terme algunes poques accions de restauració a escala local, principalment a causa de limitacions tècniques i econòmiques que qüestionen la seva àmplia aplicació. Els principals reptes actuals per la restauració de coralls d’aigua freda són incrementar l’escala espacial de les accions de restauració i fer-les econòmicament més assequibles. En aquest sentit, per avançar en la conservació dels ecosistemes de fons intermedis i profunds, l’objectiu general de la present tesi és avaluar l’impacte de l’activitat pesquera sobre els boscos de coralls d’aigua freda i explorar la viabilitat de innovadores tècniques de restauració activa. Tot el treball realitzat en aquesta tesi s’ha dut a terme a la zona marina del Cap de Creus (Nord-Oest del mar Mediterrani), contretament a la plataforma continental (60 – 130 m) on espècies de gorgònies, esponges i plomalls formen boscos de coralls d’aigua freda donant suport a una gran varietat de fauna mòbil associada. L’espècie objectiu és la gorgònia groga Eunicella cavolini (Koch, 1887) la qual domina a la zona formant denses agregacions. En el primer capítol, es va quantificar el impacte de la pesca artesanal per avaluar l’amenaça d’aquesta activitat sobre els boscos de coralls d’aigua freda i proporcionar informació essencial per mitigar aquest impacte. La resta de capítols (2, 3 i 4) van avaluar, per primera vegada, viabilitat de restaurar activament les poblacions degradades de E.cavolini. Especificament, en el segon capítol és van trasplantar les gorgònies capturades accidentalment pels pescadors artesanals de la zona, a estructures artificials fondejades a la plataforma continental (85 m). Aquest estudi pilot va demostrar per primera vegada l’alta supervivència dels transplantaments d’E.cavolini. Seguidament, i anant un pas més enllà, al tercer capítol es van combinar experiments de camp i modelització per desenvolupar i validar tècnicament una nova tècnica de restauració per als boscos de coralls d’aigua freda, a gran escala i econòmicament assequible. Els exitosos resultats van evidenciar la viabilitat de recuperar les colònies de E.cavolini capturades accidentalment i retornar-les al seu hàbitat natural amb aquesta innovadora tècnica , anomenada “el mètode bàdminton”. Finalment, al quart i últim capítol, es va dur a terme una acció de restauració de les poblacions de E.cavolini a gran escala, amb la col·laboració de pescadors artesanals de la zona i al llarg de dues temporades de pesca consecutives aplicant la tècnica desenvolupada anteriorment. Un gran nombre de gorgònies (460 colònies) van ser re-introduïdes amb èxit i van sobreviure al final de l’acció (2 anys) a 80-100 m de profunditat. Els resultats van suggerir l'establiment inicial d'una nova població gorgònies, que potencialment evolucionarà cap a una població natural comparable en termes d’estructura de talles i estructura espacial, sempre i quan es produeix també un reclutament natural. D'altra banda, es va fer una avaluació econòmica, que va confirmar la rendibilitat d'aquest mètode dirigit a millorar la recuperació dels boscos de coralls d’aigua freda impactats. El desconeixement d'alguns processos ecològics claus en els ecosistemes de coralls d’aigua freda, així com les limitacions tècniques, dificulten una avaluació completa dels esforços de restauració realitzats. Tanmateix, aquesta tesi suposa una millora prometedora per a la conservació i recuperació dels coralls d’aigua feda, que es podria estendre a altres zones i regions.
Radu, Ioana Bogdana. "Xenolites éclogitiques cratoniques - Origine et évolution du manteau lithosphérique sous-continental." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSES004/document.
This study is based on the most complete existing collection of cratonic eclogites (> 180 nodules), from the Siberian and South African cratons. Non-metasomatized Type IIA eclogites are typically more magnesian, LREE-enriched, with δ18O values of 3.7-7.5 ‰, positive Sr anomalies and corresponding to a low pressure-temperature (PT) layer. The whole-rock composition is consistent with a basaltic protolith. Type IIB eclogites are morsodic and aluminous, LREE-depleted, with δ18O values of 2.3-3.6‰, corresponding to equilibrium at high-PT. The whole-rock trace element composition is consistent with a pyroxenitic protolith. Coesite, kyanite and corundum-bearing eclogites ypically have jadeite-rich clinopyroxenes witlpositive Eu and Sr anomalies and grossular-rich gamets with corresponding positive Eu and negative Sr anomalies. PT-estimates indicate coe-kycor-bearing eclogites equilibrated in the lowermost part of the cratonic keel and reconstructed whole-rock trace element composition corresponds to a very depleted gabbroic protolith. This is consistent with the subduction of a hydrothermally altered, basaltic to websteritic sequence of an incompatible-element-depleted oceanic crust.Calculated water content of omphacite is a minmum estima te of ~930-1410 ppm by weight H2O and reconstructed estimates for whole-rock watercontent ~310-890 ppm HO) for the Obnazhennaya eclogites are significantly higher than those of the surrounding peridotites. Thus, mantle eclogite may be an important water reservoir at the base of the cratonic root, with major consequences for cratonic keel, longevity mantle rheology and global water cvcle
Gao, Qi. "Estimation of water resources on continental surfaces by multi-sensor microwave remote sensing." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667771.
La estimación de los recursos hídricos de las superficies continentales a escala regional y global es fundamental para una buena gestión de los recursos hídricos. Esta estimación cubre una amplia gama de temas y campos, incluyendo la caracterización de los suelos y de los recursos hídricos a escala de cuenca, la modelización hidrológica y la predicción y la cartografía de inundaciones. En este contexto, la caracterización de los estados de la superficie continental, para obtener mejores parámetros de entrada para los modelos hidrológicos, es esencial para mejorar la precisión en la simulación de caudales, sequías e inundaciones. La estimación del contenido de agua en el sistema, incluidas las diferentes masas de agua y el agua libre en el suelo, es especialmente necesaria para una descripción precisa de los procesos hidrológicos y, en general, del ciclo del agua en las superficies continentales. Una caracterización precisa de los procesos hidrológicos requiere no descuidar las intervenciones humanas. El hombre influye en el ciclo del agua, principalmente mediante el riego y la construcción de embalses, lo que se debe cuantificar correctamente. El objetivo de la tesis es la mejora de la estimación remota de los recursos hídricos, incluyendo la cuantificación de los factores humanos, mediante el uso de varios sensores lanzados recientemente, aprovechando recientes desarrollos en la tecnología de teledetección. Con la llegada de las constelaciones Sentinel (Sentinel-1, 2, 3), disponemos de mejores herramientas para estimar los recursos hídricos, incluyendo los impactos humanos, con una mayor precisión y cobertura. Este trabajo de tesis consta principalmente en dos ejes de investigación donde se estiman las intervenciones humanas en el ciclo hidrológico: la cartografía del riego (como aplicación en humedad del suelo), y el forzamiento de embalses en simulaciones hidrológicas (como aplicación de la altimetría). En relación al primer eje, se estima la humedad del suelo a partir del análisis estadístico de los datos SAR de Sentinel-1. Se desarrollan dos metodologías para obtener la humedad del suelo con una resolución espacial de 100 m basándose en la interpretación de los datos de Sentinel-1 obtenidas con la polarización VV (vertical-vertical), que se combina con datos ópticas Sentinel-2 para el análisis de los efectos de la vegetación. Como aplicación de la humedad del suelo, se cartografía el riego en diversas condiciones meteorológicas, y con una alta resolución espacial y temporal. Se propone una metodología para la cartografía del riego mediante datos SAR obtenidos en polarizaciones VV (vertical-vertical) y VH (vertical-horizontal). A partir de la serie temporal Sentinel-1, se analizan diferentes estadísticas y métricas, incluyendo el valor medio, la varianza de la señal, la longitud de la correlación y la dimensión fractal, a partir de los cuales se clasifican los árboles irrigados, los cultivos irrigados y los cultivos no irrigados. En el segundo eje, se estima el nivel de los embalses a partir de los datos de altimetría de Sentinel-3, con el altímetro SAR (SRAL), basándose en diferentes algoritmos para mejorar la precisión. Este estudio presenta tres algoritmos especializados o retrackers destinados a obtener el nivel de la superficie de los cuerpos de agua estudiados, minimizando la contaminación de las formas de onda debido al suelo que los rodea. Se compara el rendimiento del método propuesto de selección de la porción de onda con tres retrackers, es decir, un retracker de umbral, el retracker del centro de gravedad (OCOG) y un retracker de base física de dos pasos. Se obtienen series temporales del nivel de la lámina de agua de embalses situados en la cuenca del río Ebro (España). Como aplicación, las series de nivel de los embalses obtenidas se utilizan para forzar los embalses en simulaciones hidrológicas.
The estimation of the water resources of the continental surfaces at a regional and global scale is fundamental for good water resources management. This estimation covers a wide range of topics and fields, including the characterisation of soils and water resources at the basin scale, hydrological modelling and flood prediction and mapping. In this context, the characterisation of the states of the continental surface, to obtain better input parameters for hydrological models, is essential to improve the precision in the simulation of flows, droughts, and floods. The estimation of the water content in the system, including the different water bodies and the free water in the soil, is especially necessary for a precise description of the hydrological processes and, in general, of the water cycle on the continental surfaces. To better characterise hydrological processes, human interventions cannot be neglected. Humans influence the water cycle, mainly through irrigation and the construction of reservoirs, which must be correctly quantified. The objective of the thesis is the improvement of the remote estimation of water resources, including the quantification of human factors, using several sensors recently launched, taking advantage of recent developments in remote sensing technology. With the arrival of the Sentinel constellations (Sentinel-1, 2, 3), we have better tools to estimate water resources, including human impacts, with greater precision and coverage. This thesis consists mainly of two parts where human interventions in the water cycle are considered: irrigation cartography (as an application of soil moisture), and the forcing of reservoirs in hydrological simulations (as an application of altimetry). Firstly, soil moisture is estimated from the statistical analysis of Sentinel-1 SAR data. Two methodologies are developed to obtain soil moisture with a spatial resolution of 100 m based on the interpretation of Sentinel-1 data collected with the VV polarization (vertical-vertical), which is combined with optical data of Sentinel-2 for the analysis of the effects of vegetation. Secondly, irrigation is mapped under various meteorological conditions, including high spatial and temporal resolution. A methodology for irrigation mapping is proposed using SAR data obtained in VV (vertical-vertical) and VH (vertical-horizontal) polarizations. With Sentinel-1 time series, different statistics and metrics are analysed, including the mean value, the variance of the signal, the correlation length and the fractal dimension, based on which the classification of irrigated trees, irrigated crops, and non-irrigated crops are derived. Finally, the level of the reservoirs is estimated from the Sentinel-3 altimetry data, with the SAR altimeter (SRAL), based on different algorithms to improve the accuracy. This study presents three specialised algorithms or retrackers designed to obtain the level of the surface of the studied inland bodies of water, minimising the contamination of the waveforms due to the surrounding soil. The performance of the selection method of the proposed wave portion is compared with three retrackers, that is, the centre of gravity retracker (OCOG) and the two-step physical-based retracker. Temporal series of the water level of reservoirs located in the basin of the Ebro River (Spain) are obtained. As an application, the level series of the reservoirs obtained are used to force the reservoirs in hydrological simulations.
L'estimation et le suivi des ressources en eau des surfaces continentales aux niveaux régional et global est essentielle pour la gestion du bilan hydrique, particulièrement dans le contexte des changements climatiques et anthropiques. Ils couvrent un large éventail de thèmes et de domaines, incluant la caractérisation des ressources en eau à l'échelle du bassin, la modélisation hydrologique ainsi que la prévision et la cartographie des inondations. Dans ce contexte, la caractérisation des états de surface, en tant que paramètres d’entrée dans les modèles hydrologiques, est essentielle pour obtenir une meilleure précision de la simulation, qui est liée à la précision prévisionnelle des débits des cours d’eau et le suivi des sécheresses et des inondations. L'estimation de la teneur en eau des surfaces continentales, incluant l’état hydrique du sol et les niveaux des surfaces couvertes d’eau, est particulièrement nécessaire pour une description précise des processus hydrologiques et plus généralement du cycle de l'eau sur les surfaces continentales. Afin de mieux comprendre les processus hydrologiques, l'influence humaine (l’effet anthropique) sur le cycle de l'eau nécessite une évaluation fine. Elle est particulièrement liée à la gestion de l’irrigation et la construction de barrages. L'objectif de la thèse était d'améliorer l'estimation des ressources en eau et une meilleure caractérisation des interventions anthropiques à travers l'utilisation de nouveaux capteurs satellitaires multi-configurations du programme européen Copernicus. Avec le développement de la technologie de télédétection spatiale, et plus particulièrement avec l’arrivée des constellations Sentinel (Sentinel-1, 2, 3) à haute résolution spatiale et temporelle, il existe un meilleur outil pour estimer les états des surfaces continentales. Ce travail de thèse comprend principalement deux priorités liées à des interventions humaines dans le cycle hydrologique:la cartographie de l'irrigation en tant que action humaine liée directement à l'humidité du sol et le forçage des barrages dans un modèle de simulation de rivière en tant qu'application liée à l’estimation du niveau de l'eau libre. Un premier axe de recherche a été basé sur une analyse statistique des données SAR Sentinel-1 pour caractériser l’état hydrique du sol. Deux méthodes ont été développées pour estimer ce paramètre avec une résolution spatiale de 100 m. Elles sont basées sur des approches de détection de changement à partir des données Sentinel-1 acquises en polarisation VV (verticale-verticale), combinées aux données optiques Sentinel-2 pour corriger les effets de la végétation. L’application consistait à cartographier l'irrigation, avec des résolutions spatiale et temporelle élevées. Une méthodologie de cartographie de l'irrigation utilisant des données SAR Sentinel-1 a été proposée. Elle estbasée sur les acquisitions en polarisations VV (vertical-vertical) et VH (vertical-horizontal). A partir de la série temporelle des mesures Sentinel-1, des paramètres statistiques tel que la valeur moyenne, la variance du signal, la longueur de corrélation temporelle et la dimension fractale, sont analysées, en fonction du type de culture; cultures annuelles irriguées, arbres irrigués et cultures pluviales. Des classifications supervisées utilisant les approches Random Forest et SVM sont testées. En deuxième axe, l'estimation de la hauteur de la surface de l'eau à partir des données altimétriques de Sentinel-3 avec l’altimètre SAR (SRAL) a été réalisée à l'aide de différents algorithmes afin d'améliorer la précision sur des petites surfaces. Cette étude présente trois algorithmes spécialisés (ou retrackers) dédiées à la minimisation de la contamination des sols par les formes d’ondes permettant de récupérer les niveaux d’eau à partir de données altimétriques SAR sur des masses d’eaux intérieures. Les performances de la méthode de sélection de portion de forme d'onde proposée avec trois retrackers, à savoir, le retracker à seuil, le retracker à centre de gravité décalé (OCOG) et le retracker à base physique à 2 étapes, sont comparées. Des séries chronologiques de niveaux d'eau sont extraites pour les masses d'eau du bassin de l'Èbre (Espagne). Une application des produits altimétriques est proposée. Le produit de niveau d’eau a été utilisé comme paramètre d’entrée pour analyser l’effet tampon des barrages dans les simulations de débits fluviaux.
Martinez, Baquero Guillermo Felipe. "CONTINENTAL SCALE DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION OF MONTHLY WATER BALANCE MODELS FOR THE UNITED STATES." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145734.
Laurie, Angelique. "The formation of Earth’s early felsic continental crust by water-present eclogite melting." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80214.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The sodic and leucocratic Tonalite, Trondhjemite and Granodiorite (TTG) granitoid series of rocks characterise Paleo- to Meso- Archaean felsic continental crust, yet are uncommon in the post-Archaean rock record. Consequently, petrogenetic studies on these rocks provide valuable insight into the creation and evolution of Earth’s early continental crust. The highpressure (HP)-type of Archaean TTG magmas are particularly important in this regard as their geochemistry requires that they are formed by high-pressure melting of a garnet-rich eclogitic source. This has been interpreted as evidence for the formation of these magmas by anatexis of the upper portions of slabs within Archaean subduction zones. In general, TTG magmas have been assumed to arise through fluid-absent partial melting of metamafic source rocks. Therefore, very little experimental data on fluid-present eclogite melting to produce Archaean TTG exist, despite the fact that water drives magmatism in modern arcs. Consequently, this study experimentally investigates the role of fluid-present partial melting of eclogite-facies metabasaltic rock in the production of Paleo- to Meso-Archaean HP-type TTG melts. Experiments are conducted between 1.6 GPa and 3.0 GPa and 700 ºC and 900 ºC using natural and synthetic eclogite, and gel starting materials of low-K2O basaltic composition. Partial melting of the natural and synthetic eclogite occurred between 850 ºC and 870 ºC at pressures above 1.8 GPa, and the melting reaction is characterised by the breakdown of sodic clinopyroxene, quartz and water: Qtz + Cpx1 + H2O ± Grt1 = Melt + Cpx2 ± Grt2. The experimental melts have the compositions of sodic peraluminous trondhjemites and have compositions that are similar to the major, trace and rare earth element composition of HPtype Archaean TTG. This study suggests that fluid-present eclogite melting is a viable petrogenetic model for this component of Paleo- to Meso-Archaean TTG crust. The nature of the wet low-K2O eclogite-facies metamafic rock solidus has been experimentally defined and inflects towards higher temperatures at the position of the plagioclase-out reaction. Therefore, the results indicate that a crystalline starting material is necessary to define this solidus to avoid metastable melting beyond temperatures of the Pl + H2O + Qtz solidus at pressures above plagioclase stability. Furthermore, this study uses numerical and metamorphic models to demonstrate that for reasonable Archaean mantle wedge temperatures within a potential Archaean subduction zone, the bulk of the water produced by metamorphic reactions within the slabs is captured by an anatectic zone near the slab surface. Therefore, this geodynamic model may account for HP-type Archaean TTG production and additionally provides constraints for likely Archaean subduction. The shape of the relevant fluid-present solidus is similar to the shape of the pressure-temperature paths followed by upper levels of the proposed Archaean subducting slab, which makes water-fluxed slab anatexis is very dependant on the temperature in the mantle wedge. I propose that cooling of the upper mantle by only a small amount during the late Archaean ended fluid-present melting of the slab. This allowed slab water to migrate into the wedge and produce intermediate composition magmatism which has since been associated with subduction zones.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die reeks natruimhoudende en leukokraties Tonaliet, Trondhjemiet en Granodioriet (TTG) felsiese stollingsgesteentes is kenmerkend in die Paleo- tot Meso-Argeïkum felsiese kontinentale kors, maar is ongewoon in die post-Argeïese rots rekord. Gevolglik, petrogenetiese studies op hierdie rotse verskaf waardevolle insig in die skepping en evolusie van die aarde se vroeë kontinentale kors. Die hoë-druk (HD)-tipe van die Argeïkum TTG magmas is veral belangrik in hierdie verband as hulle geochemie vereis dat hulle gevorm word deur hoë druk smelting van 'n granaat-ryk eklogitiese bron. Dit word interpreteer as bewys vir die vorming van hierdie magmas deur smelting van die boonste gedeeltes van die blaaie in Argeïese subduksie sones. TTG magmas in die algemeen, is veronderstel om op te staan deur middel van water-afwesig gedeeltelike smelting van metamafiese bron rotse. Daarom bestaan baie min eksperimentele data op water-teenwoordig eklogiet smelting om Argeïkum TTG te produseer, ten spyte van die feit dat water magmatisme dryf in moderne boë. Gevolglik is hierdie studie ‘n eksperimentele ondersoek in die rol van water-teenwoordig gedeeltelike smelting van eklogiet-fasies metamafiese rots in die produksie van Paleo- tot Meso-Argeïkum HD-tipe TTG smelte. Eksperimente word uitgevoer tussen 1.6 GPa en 3.0 GPa en 700 ºC en 900 ºC met behulp van natuurlike en sintetiese eklogiet, en gel begin materiaal van lae-K2O basaltiese samestelling. Gedeeltelike smelting van die natuurlike en sintetiese eklogiet het plaasgevind tussen 850 ºC en 870 ºC te druk bo 1.8 GPa, en die smeltings reaksie is gekenmerk deur die afbreek van natruimhoudende klinopirokseen, kwarts en water: Qtz + Cpx1 + H2O ± Grt1 = Smelt + Cpx2 ± Grt2. Die eksperimentele smelte het die komposisies van natruimhoudende trondhjemites en is soortgelyk aan die hoof-, spoor- en seldsame aard element samestelling van HD-tipe Argeïkum TTG. Hierdie studie dui daarop dat water-teenwoordig eklogiet smelting 'n lewensvatbare petrogenetiese model is vir hierdie komponent van Paleo- tot Meso-Argeïkum TTG kors. Die aard van die nat lae-K2O eklogietfasies metamafiese rock solidus is eksperimenteel gedefinieër en beweeg na hoër temperature by die posisie van die plagioklaas-out reaksie. Daarom dui die resultate daarop dat 'n kristallyne materiaal nodig is om hierdie solidus te definieër en metastabiele smelting buite temperature van die Pl + H2O + Qtz solidus druk bo plagioklaas stabiliteit te vermy. Verder maak hierdie studie gebruik van numeriese en metamorfiese modelle om aan te dui dat die grootste deel van die water geproduseer deur metamorfiese reaksies binne die blaaie bestaan vir redelike Argeïkum mantel wig temperature binne 'n potensiële Argeïkum subduksie sone, en word opgevang deur 'n smelting sone naby die blad oppervlak. Daarom kan hierdie geodinamies model rekenskap gee vir HD-tipe Argeïkum TTG produksie en dit bied ook die beperkinge vir waarskynlik Argeïese subduksie. Die vorm van die betrokke waterteenwoordig solidus is soortgelyk aan die vorm van die druk-temperatuur paaie gevolg deur die boonste vlakke van die voorgestelde Argeïkum subderende blad, wat water-vloeiing blad smeltingbaie afhanklik maak van die temperatuur in die mantel wig. Ons stel voor dat afkoeling van die boonste mantel met slegs 'n klein hoeveelheid gedurende die laat Argeïese, die water-vloeiing smelting van die blad beëindig. Dit het toegelaat dat die blad water in die wig migreer en intermediêre samestelling magmatisme produseer wat sedert geassosieer word met subduksie sones.
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Книги з теми "Continental water":
Frade, Veiga. O mercado da água em Portugal continental. [Lisbon, Portugal]: Ministério do Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais, Direcção-Geral dos Recursos Naturais, 1991.
Henriques, António Gonçalves. Avaliação dos recursos hídricos de Portugal continental: Contribução para o ordenamento do território. Lisboa: Instituto de Estudos para o Desenvolvimento, 1985.
Narayanan, Savithri. Continental shelf wave propagation on the Labrador Shelf. St. John's, Nfld: Science Branch, Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans, 1989.
Henriques, António Gonçalves. Avaliação dos recursos hídricos de Portugal continental: Contribuição para o ordenamento do território. Lisboa: Instituto de Estudos para o Desenvolvimento, 1985.
Barnes, Peter W. Distribution of water depths on the Arctic [i.e. Antarctic] Continental Shelf seaward of the continental land and ice mass. [Reston, Va.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, 1986.
Graft, Jeff. Ride: A continental crossing in search of clear water, trout --and self. South Boardman, Mich: Crofton Creek Press, 2000.
Ford, R. Glenn. A risk analysis model for marine mammals and seabirds: A southern California bight scenario, final report. San Diego: Ecological Consulting, 1985.
Resources, United States Congress Senate Committee on Energy and Natural. Outer Continental Shelf Deep Water Royalty Relief Act: Report (to accompany S. 318). [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1994.
Resources, United States Congress Senate Committee on Energy and Natural. Outer Continental Shelf Deep Water Royalty Relief Act: Report (to accompany S. 318). [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1994.
Anderson, Cheryl M. Oil-spill risk analysis: Outer Continental Shelf lease sale 144, Beaufort Sea. Edited by Johnson Walter Robertson 1950-, Marshall Charles F, Lear Eileen M, and United States. Minerals Management Service. Branch of Environmental Operations & Analysis. [Herndon, Va.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Branch of Environmental Operations and Analysis, 1995.
Частини книг з теми "Continental water":
Syvitski, James P. "Water-Escape Sea Floor Depressions." In Glaciated Continental Margins, 160–61. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5820-6_64.
Dorschel, B., A. J. Wheeler, X. Monteys, and K. Verbruggen. "Northernmost Irish Continental Margin." In Atlas of the Deep-Water Seabed, 137–39. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9376-1_15.
Suleimenov, Mekhlis, Zheksenbai Kaskarbayev, Kanat Akshalov, and Aibek Tulegenov. "Principles of Conservation Agriculture in Continental Steppe Regions." In Springer Water, 667–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24409-9_30.
Hardy, Robert J. J., and Richard W. Hobbs. "Multiple suppression in deep water." In Continental Lithosphere: Deep Seismic Reflections, 383–89. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gd022p0383.
Phillips, David, and Stephen Boyall. "Quantifying Virtual Water Flows in the 12 Continental Countries of SADC." In Springer Water, 9–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28464-4_2.
Syvertsen, Erik E. "Regulation of Produced Water on the Norwegian Continental Shelf." In Produced Water 2, 7–11. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0379-4_2.
Kalyagin, A. N. "Ore system of continental margins: Principles of delineation and estimation." In Water-Rock Interaction, 635–37. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203734049-156.
Dettman, David L., and Kyger C. Lohmann. "Seasonal Change in Paleogene Surface Water δ18O: Fresh-Water Bivalves of Western North America." In Climate Change in Continental Isotopic Records, 153–63. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm078p0153.
Meixiang, Zhu. "Remnants and geological significance of ancient continental geothermal activity in East China." In Water-Rock Interaction, 557–60. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203734049-136.
Okeke, Ifeyinwa Christabel. "Geographic Information Systems and Sustainable Water Resources Management in Nigeria." In Coastal Systems and Continental Margins, 219–26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9720-1_20.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Continental water":
Aref'ev, Vladimir N., N. Y. Kamenogradsky, F. V. Kashin, V. P. Ustinov, V. K. Semyonov, V. P. Sinyakov, and L. I. Sorokina. "Water vapor in the continental atmosphere." In Eighth Joint International Symposium on Atmospheric and Ocean Optics: Atmospheric Physics, edited by Gelii A. Zherebtsov, Gennadii G. Matvienko, Viktor A. Banakh, and Vladimir V. Koshelev. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.458473.
Tamaddun, Kazi Ali, Ajay Kalra, and Sajjad Ahmad. "Spectral Analysis of Streamflow for Continental U.S.A." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2015. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784479162.112.
Goeury, C., J. M. Hervouet, M. Benoit, I. Baudin-Bizien, and D. Fangeat. "Numerical modeling of oil spill drifts for management of risks in continental waters." In WATER POLLUTION 2012. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wp120241.
Alekhin, Yu V., E. A. Ivleva, S. M. Ilina, and M. A. Makarova. "EXPERIMENTAL SUBSTANTIATION OF COLLOID HYDROGEOCHEMISTRY OF CONTINENTAL RUNOFF." In The Geological Evolution of the Water-Rock Interaction. Buryat Scientific Center of SB RAS Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31554/978-5-7925-0536-0-2018-10-17.
Tamaddun, Kazi Ali, Ajay Kalra, and Sajjad Ahmad. "Patterns and Periodicities of the Continental U.S. Streamflow Change." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2016. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784479872.068.
Singh, Ajay, and Anand Patwardhan. "Assessing water demand - supply imbalances in continental India." In 2010 International Conference on Environmental Engineering and Applications (ICEEA). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceea.2010.5596123.
Kalra, Ajay, Soumya Sagarika, and Sajjad Ahmad. "Investigation of the Linkages between Oceanic Atmospheric Variability and Continental U.S. Streamflow." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2014. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413548.068.
Shao, Zhiyu S., Scott A. Yost, and Chunfang Chen. "Parallelization of a 3-D Coast Circulation Model for Continental Shelf Circulation — QUODDY." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2005. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40792(173)278.
Chen, Hao, and Ramesh S. V. Teegavarapu. "Relationship between Ocean-Atmospheric Variability and Regional Baseflow of the Continental United States." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2019. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784482346.030.
Collins, William, Brendan Murphy, Tim Johnson, and Huiqing Huang. "Critical Role for Water in the Formation of Continental Crust." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.461.
Звіти організацій з теми "Continental water":
Gawarkiewicz, Glen, and Anthony Kirincich. Transport of Fresh Water across the Shallow Vietnamese Continental Shelf and Slope. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada572171.
Lu, Dan, Eric Pierce, Shih-Chieh Kao, Guannan Zhang, Juan Restrepo, David Womble, Li Li, and Daniella Rempe. An AI-Enabled MODEX Framework for Improving Predictability of Subsurface Water Storage across Local and Continental Scales. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1769675.
Pomeroy, L. R. Production and turnover of suspended organic matter in the coastal water of the southeastern continental shelf. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10134988.
Evans, Rob L. Assessment of Electrical Resistivity Anomalies Caused by Fresh Water Discharge Across the Continental Shelf: Seeps off North Carolina. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada630283.
Russell, H. A. J., and S. K. Frey. Canada One Water: integrated groundwater-surface-water-climate modelling for climate change adaptation. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329092.
Solomon, Evan A., H. Paul Johnson, Marie Salmi, and Theresa Whorley. Final Scientific/Technical Report: Characterizing the Response of the Cascadia Margin Gas Hydrate Reservoir to Bottom Water Warming Along the Upper Continental Slope. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1408239.
Tsybekmitova, G. Ts, L. D. Radnaeva, N. A. Tashlykova, V. G. Shiretorova, A. K. Tulokhonov, B. B. Bazarova, and M. O. Matveeva. THE EFFECT OF CLIMATIC SHIFTS ON BIODIVERSITY OF PHYTOCENOSIS: LAKE ARAKHLEY (EASTERN SIBERIA, RUSSIA). DOICODE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/0973-7308-2020-35-3-77-90.
Paradis, S., G. J. Simandl, N. Drage, R J D'Souza, D. J. Kontak, and Z. Waller. Carbonate-hosted deposits (Mississippi Valley-type, magnesite, and REE-F-Ba) of the southeastern Canadian Cordillera: a review and isotopic data comparison. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/327995.
Makris, Nicholas C. Determining the Causes of Geological Clutter in Continental Shelf Waters. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada627191.
Pietrafesa, L. J. Shelf export of particulates/transport in continental margin waters. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/81016.