Книги з теми "Dominant Morals"
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1
Ukhtomskiĭ, A. A. Dominanta dushi: Iz gumanitarnogo nasledii͡a︡. Rybinsk: Rybinskoe podvorʹe, 2000.
2
Böhm, Margarete. Herrschaft und Psyche: Zur Entwicklung von religiöser Ethik und bürgerlicher Moral. Köln: Pahl-Rugenstein, 1987.
3
Bauer, Henry H. Dogmatism in science and medicine: How dominant theories monopolize research and stifle the search for truth. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland & Co., 2012.
4
Hartmann, Thom. Unequal protection: The rise of corporate dominance and the theft of human rights. San Francisco, Calif: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 2009.
5
Hartmann, Thom. Unequal protection: The rise of corporate dominance and the theft of human rights. San Francisco, Calif: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 2009.
6
Voropaeva, Yuliya, and Galina Kolomiec. Ethics of human dignity: history and modernity. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1064941.
Анотація:
The monograph deals with urgent problems of the ethics of human dignity on the basis of the views of human dignity in historical and philosophical thought, revealing the ethics of virtue and ethics of duty, leading to the search for the meaning and value of life. The study of human dignity as an ethical category and phenomenon in the context of individual and social ethics leads to the assertion that at the present stage of human existence in a rapidly changing world ethics, human dignity becomes the dominant consciousness, and is a special moral value.
Addressed to all who are interested in ethics, and philosophical anthropology, the Humanities and social Sciences.
7
Bobbio, Norberto. L'esempio di Silvio Trentin. Edited by Pina Impagliazzo and Pietro Polito. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-018-4.
Анотація:
Using unpublished documents, this volume restores the meeting between two masters in a historical and ideal way: Norberto Bobbio and Silvio Trentin. Through the writings which Bobbio dedicated to Trentin between 1954 and 1991, the readers are introduced to Trentin’s world. They gradually discover Trentin’s exemplary biography, his clear moral personality and his commitment to anti-fascism and the Resistance, as well as the great themes of his work as a jurist and political thinker: the criticism of fascism, federalism and the idea of the 'third way'. As Bobbio observes, the fundamental reason why Trentin represents a still valuable example is that, through his life and thought, he has perfectly embodied the conception of politics as a desire of justice, as opposed to the will to dominate.
8
Valente, Michaela, and Theresa Federici. Johann Wier. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462988729.
Анотація:
This book deals with a fascinating and original claim in 16th-century Europe. Witches should be cured, not executed. It was the physician and scholar Johann Wier (1515-1588) who challenged the dominant idea. For his defense of witches, more than three centuries later, Sigmund Freud chose to put Wier’s work among the ten books to be read. According to Wier, Satan seduced witches, thus they did not deserve to be executed, but they must be cured for their melancholy. When the witch hunt was rising, Wier was the first to use some of the arguments adopted in the emerging debate on religious tolerance in defence of witches. This is the first overall study of Wier which offers an innovative view of his thought, by highlighting Wier’s sources and his attempts to involve theologians, physicians, and philosophers in his fight against cruel witch hunts. Johann Wier: Debating the Devil and Witches situates and explains his claim as a result of a moral and religious path as well as the outcome of his medical experience. The book aims to provide an insightful examination of Wier’s works to read his pleas emphasizing the duty of every good Christian to not abandon anyone who strays from the flock of Christ. For these reasons, Wier was overwhelmed by bitter confutations, such as those of Jean Bodin, but he was also celebrated for his outstanding and prolific heritage for debating religious tolerance.
9
Millett, Kate. Sexual politics. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1990.
10
Millett, Kate. Sexual politics. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2000.
11
Wilson, Mark. Pragmatics’ Place at the Table. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803478.003.0001.
Анотація:
Physical events that transpire across many size scales require significant data compression for their successful handling. A popular remedy practiced within modern multiscalar methods breaks a descriptive task into sub-problems focused upon dominant behaviors that arise on different length scales. Each localized form of description employs the same language in different ways. This contextualization requires that these localized veins of description share data with one another in non-standard ways. We employ allied techniques in everyday life as well and philosophical confusions arise when the underlying strategic architecture is not properly recognized. Nine general morals concerning language usage are abstracted from this examination.
12
Gordon, Neve, and Nicola Perugini. Human Right to Dominate. Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 2015.
13
Shiffrin, Seana Valentine. Duress and Moral Progress. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691157023.003.0003.
Анотація:
This chapter examines what moral obligations, if any, remain or are incurred when one promises under duress. In general, duress holds that unjustified or wrongfully exerted coercion entirely exonerates the party subjected to undue pressure from responsibility for whatever actions the duress produces. This is the dominant view, one that is powerful and attractive. The chapter explains whether and why it should matter that one's promisee is a moral criminal, the proverbial highway robber. It first draws a connection between honoring initiated promises under duress and the conditions of moral progress, taking into account issues such as those relating to third parties and contracts. It then proposes an alternative to the dominant view about promises made under duress, an alternative inspired by some remarks of Immanuel Kant and of Adam Smith. It concludes by considering some objections to the moral appropriateness of honoring promises made under duress.
14
Gordon, Neve, and Nicola Perugini. The Human Right to Dominate. Oxford University Press, 2015.
15
Christensen, Anne-Marie Søndergaard. Moral Philosophy and Moral Life. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198866695.001.0001.
Анотація:
This is a work in moral philosophy and its ambition is to contribute to a renewed understanding of moral philosophy, the role of moral theory, and the relation between moral philosophy and moral life. It is motivated by the belief that the lack of a coherent answer to the question of the role and status of moral philosophy and the theories it develops, is one of the most important obstacles for doing work in moral philosophy today. The first part of the book untangles various criticisms of the dominant view of moral theories that challenges the explanatory, foundational, authoritative, and action-guiding role of these theories. It also offers an alternative understanding of moral theory as descriptions of moral grammar. The second part investigates the nature of the particularities relevant for an understanding of moral life, both particularities tied to the moral subject, her character, commitments, and moral position, and particularities tied to the context of the subject, her moral community and language. The final part marks a return to moral philosophy and addresses the wider question of what the revised conception of moral theories and the affirmation of the value of the particular mean for moral philosophy by developing a descriptive, pluralistic, and elucidatory conception of moral philosophy. The scope of the book is wide, but its pretensions are more moderate, to present an understanding of descriptive moral philosophy which may spur a debate about the status and role of moral philosophy in relation to our moral lives.
16
The Politics Of Accountability In Southeast Asia The Dominance Of Moral Ideologies. Oxford University Press, 2014.
17
Balzac, Honoré de, and Patrick Coleman. The Girl with the Golden Eyes and Other Stories. Translated by Peter Collier. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199571284.001.0001.
Анотація:
‘What holds sway over this country without morals, beliefs, or feelings? Gold and pleasure.’ Sexual attraction, artistic insight, and the often ironic relationship between them is the dominant theme in the three short works collected in this volume. In Sarrasine an impetuous young sculptor falls in love with a diva of the Roman stage, but rapture turns to rage when he discovers the reality behind the seductiveness of the singer's voice. The ageing artist in The Unknown Masterpiece, obsessed with his creation of the perfect image of an ideal woman, tries to hide it from the jealous young student who is desperate for a glimpse of it. And in The Girl with the Golden Eyes, the hero is a dandy whose attractiveness for the mysterious Paquita has an unexpected origin. These enigmatic and disturbing forays into the margins of madness, sexuality, and creativity show Balzac spinning fantastic tales as profound as any of his longer fictions. His mastery of the seductions of storytelling places these novellas among the nineteenth-century's richest explorations of art and desire. ABOUT THE SERIES: For over 100 years Oxford World's Classics has made available the widest range of literature from around the globe. Each affordable volume reflects Oxford's commitment to scholarship, providing the most accurate text plus a wealth of other valuable features, including expert introductions by leading authorities, helpful notes to clarify the text, up-to-date bibliographies for further study, and much more.
18
Trust Instead Of Dominance Working Towards A New Form Of Ethical Horsemanship. Cadmos Books, 2011.
19
Lin, Yi-min. Careerism and Moral Hazard in Early Marketization. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190682828.003.0005.
Анотація:
Chapter 4 explores the ramifications of the evolving demographic conditions and fiscal reforms for the careers of local political leaders. The focal issue is the moral hazard embodied in these leaders’ opportunistic use of public enterprises for career advancement and revenue control and manipulation during the 1980s and early 1990s. Their dominant strategy was to promote sales growth without a close link to profitability among the public enterprises under their purview. This strategy helped grow output, revenue, and employment, thereby contributing to the political and economic interests of local officials. Yet it also undermined the financial and organizational health of public enterprises and pushed them down the road to destruction.
20
Cook, Daniel Thomas. The Moral Project of Childhood. NYU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479899203.001.0001.
Анотація:
The Moral Project of Childhood argues and demonstrates that fundamental problems stemming from a growing acceptance of children’s moral, spiritual, intellectual, and behavioral pliability drive the assembly of a contemporary “moral architecture” of childhood from extensive maternal responsibility coupled with the increasingly hegemonic presence and existence of child subjecthood. Drawing on materials published in periodicals intended for women and mothers from the 1830s to the 1930s, the book examines how mothers—and, later, commercial actors—found themselves compelled to consider children’s interiorities: their perspectives, needs, wants, pleasures, and pains. In this process, the child’s subjectivity progressively, albeit unevenly, arises as a form of authority in a variety of contexts, including discourses about Christian motherhood, the elements of cultural taste, and the discipline and punishment of children, as well as in machinations about play and toys, questions of children’s property rights, and the uses of money by and for children. The book considers the Protestant origins of the child consumer—a somewhat unlikely pairing—and makes visible and relevant the prefigurative elements and rhetorics from which the child consumer emerges as a contemporary, dominant, and normative ideal.
21
Leck, Ralph M. The Science of Agape. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040009.003.0004.
Анотація:
This chapter examines the second European Renaissance: the reintroduction of Greek sexual philosophy into European cultural life. The pivot of this second Renaissance was the reintroduction of the Agape–Eros binary, particularly, the science of Agape, which revolutionized the study of sexuality. Sex was no longer merely an erotic or physiological matter best understood via natural science. The concept of Agape revealed that the study of sexuality must also be understood as a moral science. As Lorraine Daston and Peter Galison point out, scientific categories of analysis are not morally neutral. They carry within themselves prescriptive civic and moral codes. These codes can reproduce existing laws and dominant social patterns; or, as was the case with the reintroduction of agapeic science, a new lens of analysis can revolutionize science and social morality alike.
22
Hartmann, Thom. Unequal Protection: The Rise of Corporate Dominance and the Theft of Human Rights. Rodale Books, 2004.
23
Hartmann, Thom. Unequal Protection: The Rise of Corporate Dominance and the Theft of Human Rights. Rodale Books, 2002.
24
Latimer, Joanna. The Gene, the Clinic, and the Family: Diagnosing Dysmorphology, Reviving Medical Dominance (Genetics and Society). Routledge, 2013.
25
Stewart-Kroeker, Sarah. Pilgrimage as Moral and Aesthetic Formation in Augustine’s Thought. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804994.001.0001.
Анотація:
Augustine’s dominant image for the human life is peregrinatio, which signifies at once a journey to the homeland—a pilgrimage—and the condition of exile from the homeland. For Augustine, all human beings are, in the earthly life, exiles from their true homeland: heaven. Only some become pilgrims seeking a way back to the heavenly homeland, a return mediated by the incarnate Christ. Becoming a pilgrim begins with attraction to beauty. The return journey therefore involves formation, both moral and aesthetic, in loving rightly. This image has occasioned a lot of angst in ethical thought in the last century or so. Augustine’s vision of Christian life as a pilgrimage, his critics allege, casts a pall of groaning and longing over this life in favor of happiness in the next. Augustine’s eschatological orientation robs the world of beauty and ethics of urgency. In this book, Stewart-Kroeker sets out to elaborate Augustine’s understanding of moral and aesthetic formation via the pilgrimage image, which she argues reflects a Christological continuity between the earthly journey and the eschatological home that unites love of God and neighbor. From the human desire for beauty to the embodied practice of Christian sacraments, Stewart-Kroeker reveals the integrity of Augustine’s vision of moral and aesthetic formation, which is essentially the ordering of love. Along the way, Stewart-Kroeker develops an Augustinian account of the relationship between beauty and morality.
26
Lipscomb, Benjamin J. B. The Women Are Up to Something. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197541074.001.0001.
Анотація:
This book tells two intertwined stories, centered on twentieth-century moral philosophers Elizabeth Anscombe, Mary Midgley, Philippa Foot, and Iris Murdoch. The first is the story of four friends who came up to Oxford together just before WWII. It is the story of their lives, loves, and intellectual preoccupations; it is a story about women trying to find a place in a man’s world of academic philosophy. The second story is about these friends’ shared philosophical project and their unintentional creation of a school of thought that challenged the dominant way of doing ethics. That dominant school of thought envisioned the world as empty, value-free matter, on which humans impose meaning. This outlook treated statements such as “this is good” as mere expressions of feeling or preference, reflecting no objective standards. It emphasized human freedom and demanded an unflinching recognition of the value-free world. The four friends diagnosed this moral philosophy as an impoverishing intellectual fad. This style of thought, they believed, obscured the realities of human nature and left people without the resources to make difficult moral choices or to confront evil. As an alternative, the women proposed a naturalistic ethics, reviving a line of thought running through Plato, Aristotle, and Aquinas, and enriched by modern biologists like Jane Goodall and Charles Darwin. The women proposed that there are, in fact, moral truths, based in facts about the distinctive nature of the human animal and what that animal needs to thrive.
27
Douglas, Thomas. Neural and Environmental Modulation of Motivation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198758617.003.0012.
Анотація:
Interventions that modify a person’s motivations through chemically or physically influencing the brain seem morally objectionable, at least when they are performed nonconsensually. This chapter raises a puzzle for attempts to explain their objectionability. It first seeks to show that the objectionability of such interventions must be explained at least in part by reference to the sort of mental interference that they involve. It then argues that it is difficult to furnish an explanation of this sort. The difficulty is that these interventions seem no more objectionable, in terms of the kind of mental interference that they involve, than certain forms of environmental influence that many would regard as morally innocuous. The argument proceeds by comparing a particular neurointervention with a comparable environmental intervention. The author argues, first, that the two dominant explanations for the objectionability of the neurointervention apply equally to the environmental intervention, and second, that the descriptive difference between the environmental intervention and the neurointervention that most plausibly grounds the putative moral difference in fact fails to do so. The author concludes by presenting a trilemma that falls out of the argument.
28
Goodhart, Michael. The Trouble with Justice. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190692421.003.0002.
Анотація:
This chapter offers a review and critique of the core assumptions and procedures of ideal moral theory, the dominant approach to theorizing questions of justice and injustice in global normative theory. It does so with the aim of defamiliarizing readers with this approach, that is, of making it seem less like a natural, sensible, coherent, and necessary approach to theorizing injustice than like a strange, bewildering, and profoundly problematic one. The chapter stresses two important but rarely discussed assumptions of ideal moral theory: it conceptualizes injustice as the absence or opposite of justice, and it presumes that only justified moral principles can provide an adequate and reliable guide for critique and reform. These assumptions are problematic and contribute to three pathologies that cripple ideal moral theory: analytical paralysis, a reflex to subordinate politics to morality, and a disposition to distortional thinking.
29
Peterson, Anna L. Works Righteousness. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197532232.001.0001.
Анотація:
Works Righteousness is the first full-length study of the place of practice in ethical theory. It is a critique of the idealism of dominant approaches, an analysis of alternative models in which practice plays a more significant role, and an argument for taking practice seriously both in broad questions about ethical theory and in concrete case studies. The book’s main argument is that what people actually do should be central to ethical theory. Rather than assuming that pre-established moral ideas guide action, ethicists should acknowledge and explore the ways that practices generate values and the mutual shaping between ideas and actions. This argument challenges dominant philosophical and religious theories that assume that ideas are what really matter. Works Righteousness analyses the place of practice in these traditions, showing the links between their emphasis on internal states and simple, linear relationships between ideas, actions, and results. These themes are challenged by alternative models such as pragmatism, Marxism, and religious pacifism, which give practice a larger role and in the process highlight important themes such as the way social structures condition moral ideas and actions, the dangers of thinking about moral problems as polarized dilemmas, and the complex mutual shaping of ideas and actions. A practice-focused approach sheds new light on concrete case studies, underlining the value of attention to people’s concrete experiences and relationships in efforts to analyse and address contemporary problems such as hate speech, euthanasia, and climate change.
30
Brewitt-Taylor, Sam. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827009.003.0009.
Анотація:
This chapter concludes that the early stages of Britain’s Sixties moral revolution were importantly influenced by metanarratives derived from Christian eschatology. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, during the Cold War’s ‘years of maximum danger’, radical clergymen used their clerical cultural privileges to reimagine Britain as a ‘secular’ society, and to contribute to the wider envisioning of modern secularity as globalist, anti-authoritarian, antinomian, and egalitarian. Only from the mid-1960s were Britain’s various secular thinkers and activists able decisively to develop Britain’s moral revolution in their own ways. The book concludes that Britain’s ‘secular revolution’ was not a natural outcome of ‘modernization’, but a culturally specific invention. Since British moral culture had long been shaped by Christianity, and since British Christianity was still culturally strong in 1960, it was always likely that Britain’s newly dominant ‘secular’ moral culture would be, to a significant extent, path-dependent on developments within British Christianity.
31
Locke, Joseph. Marking Morality. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190216283.003.0007.
Анотація:
In their pursuit of prohibition and moral politics, religious activists both harnessed and subverted two dominant regional discourses—those surrounding race and gender—to clothe themselves in the garb of righteousness. Prohibition did not merely reflect or reproduce regional norms, but neither did it occur in isolation from them. The creation of the clerics’ moral community depended on an ever-changing amalgamation of race, gender, class, religion, and politics. For instance, although white prohibitionists made explicit appeals to a “better sort” of black southerners, they simultaneously used African American opposition to moral reform as evidence for the need of laws disfranchising black voters. Likewise, male religious leaders loudly proclaimed themselves honorable defenders of female virtue, and while they welcomed female foot soldiers, their notion of male guardianship prevented them from accepting female activists as equal participants in the prohibition crusade.
32
Small, Helen. The Function of Cynicism at the Present Time. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198861935.001.0001.
Анотація:
Cynicism is usually seen as a provocative mode of dissent from conventional moral thought, casting doubt on the motives that guide right conduct. When critics today complain that it is ubiquitous but lacks the serious bite of classical Cynicism, they express concern that it can now only be corrosively negative. The Function of Cynicism at the Present Time takes a more balanced view. Re-evaluating the role of cynicism in literature, cultural criticism, and philosophy from 1840 to the present, it treats cynic confrontationalism as a widely employed credibility check on the promotion of moral ideals—with roots in human psychology. Helen Small investigates how writers have engaged with Cynic traditions of thought, and later more gestural styles of cynicism, to recalibrate dominant moral values, judgements of taste, and political agreements. The argument develops through a series of cynic challenges to conventional moral thinking: Friedrich Nietzsche on morality; Thomas Carlyle vs. J. S. Mill on the permissible limits of moral provocation; Arnold on the freedom of criticism; George Eliot and Ford Madox Ford on cosmopolitanism; Bertrand Russell, John Dewey, and Laura Kipnis on the conditions of work in the university. The Function of Cynicism treats topics of present-day public concern: abrasive styles of public argument, debasing challenges to conventional morality, free speech, moral controversialism, the authority of reason, and the limits of that authority, nationalism and resistance to nationalism, and liberty of expression as a core principle of the university.
33
Hindmarsh, D. Bruce. Law and Conversion in Evangelical Devotion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190616694.003.0008.
Анотація:
Evangelical spirituality had implications for both felons and philosophers. Convictions about the psychological depth and comprehensiveness of God’s law led evangelicals to minister to those who were condemned and imprisoned by the law. The evangelical message of law and gospel was tested when confronted by the desperate condition of the capital convict. This is evident in the prison ministry of John Wesley and Charles Wesley, and other lay Methodists, especially at Newgate prison in London, and also in the response of the Dissenters Philip Doddridge and Benjamin Fawcett to condemned criminals. Intellectually, John and Charles Wesley and Henry Venn offered a deontological ethics grounded in evangelical spirituality, and Jonathan Edwards challenged dominant ideas in moral philosophy by showing that true virtue was deeper and more comprehensive than natural virtue. It required the grace of conversion and the presence of God who was always first and last in any moral considerations.
34
Thomsen, Frej Klem. Discrimination. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.202.
Анотація:
The conceptualization and moral analysis of discrimination constitutes a burgeoning theoretical field, with a number of open problems and a rapidly developing literature. A central problem is how to define discrimination, both in its most basic direct sense and in the most prominent variations. A plausible definition of the basic sense of the word understands discrimination as disadvantageous differential treatment of two groups that is in some respect caused by the properties that distinguish the groups, but open questions remain on whether discrimination should be restricted to concern only particular groups, as well as on whether it is best conceived as a descriptive or a moralized concept. Furthermore, since this understanding limits direct discrimination to cases of differential treatment, it requires that we be able to draw a clear distinction between equal and differential treatment, a task that is less simple than it may appear, but that is helpful in clarifying indirect discrimination and statistical discrimination. The second major problem in theorizing discrimination is explaining what makes discrimination morally wrong. On this issue, there are four dominant contemporary answers: the valuational and expressive disrespect accounts, which hold that discrimination is wrong when and if the discriminator misestimates or expresses a misestimate of the moral status of the discriminatee; the unfairness account, which holds that discrimination is wrong when and if the discriminator unfairly increases inequality of opportunity; and the harm account, which holds that discrimination is wrong when and if the discriminator harms the discriminatee. Each of these accounts, however, faces important challenges in simultaneously providing a persuasive theoretical account and matching our intuitions about cases of impermissible discrimination.
35
Tripkovic, Bosko. The Metaethics of Constitutional Adjudication. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808084.001.0001.
Анотація:
The book explores the metaethical foundations of value-based arguments in constitutional adjudication. The argument develops in four steps. First, the book identifies three dominant types of value-based arguments in comparative constitutional practice: the arguments from constitutional identity, common sentiment, and universal reason. Second, it examines the assumptions about the nature of moral value implicit in these arguments and subjects them to a critique. The book maintains that these arguments presuppose inadequate conceptions of value and fail as self-standing approaches to moral judgment. Third, the book develops an account of moral value and explains its practical consequences. It argues that a credible understanding of value suggests that the appropriate moral judgment emerges from the dynamics between practical confidence, which denotes the inescapability of the self and evaluative attitudes it entails, and reflection, which denotes the process of challenging and questioning these attitudes. Fourth, departing from this conception of value, the book reconstructs the existing value-based arguments of constitutional courts. It applies the notions of confidence and reflection to constitutional reasoning and shows how the arguments from constitutional identity, common sentiment, and universal reason can be combined to refashion the moral perspective of a constitutional court so that it coheres with a sound understanding of value. The book argues that the moral inquiry of the constitutional court ought to depart from the emotive intuitions of the constitutional community and then challenge these intuitions through reflective exposure to different perspectives in order to better understand and develop the underlying constitutional identity.
36
Evans, Bethan, and Charlotte Cooper. Reframing Fatness: Critiquing ‘Obesity’. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474400046.003.0012.
Анотація:
Over the last twenty years or so, fatness, pathologised as overweight and obesity, has been a core public health concern around which has grown a lucrative international weight loss industry. Referred to as a ‘time bomb’ and ‘the terror within’, analogies of ‘war’ circulate around obesity, framing fatness as enemy.2 Religious imagery and cultural and moral ideologies inform medical, popular and policy language with the ‘sins’ of ‘gluttony’ and ‘sloth’, evoked to frame fat people as immoral at worst and unknowledgeable victims at best, and understandings of fatness intersect with gender, class, age, sexuality, disability and race to make some fat bodies more problematically fat than others. As Evans and Colls argue, drawing on Michel Foucault, a combination of medical and moral knowledges produces the powerful ‘obesity truths’ through which fatness is framed as universally abject and pathological. Dominant and medicalised discourses of fatness (as obesity) leave little room for alternative understandings.
37
Wong, Magdalena. Everyday Masculinities in 21st-Century China. Hong Kong University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888528424.001.0001.
Анотація:
Everyday Masculinities in 21st-Century China: The Making of Able-Responsible Men argues that a moral dimension in Chinese masculinity is of growing significance in fast-changing China. The author introduces the twin concepts of ability and responsibility as integral expressions of the dominant and hegemonic form of masculinity in present-day Nanchong. Able-responsible men—those who can create wealth and shoulder responsibilities—have replaced the 'moneyed elite' of the earlier reform-and-opening-up era as the dominant male ideal. The many case studies in the book vividly illustrate the coercive social forces that affect not just men and boys, but also women, and reveal that there is resistance as well as complicity. The book lays bare the socio-political context that nurtures the cultural expressions of hegemonic masculinity under the rule of President Xi Jinping, who has emerged in public consciousness as the embodiment of the ideal able-responsible man. There are new perspectives on many topical issues that China faces, including urbanization, labour migration, the one-child policy, love and marriage, gender and intergenerational dynamics, hierarchical male relationships, and the rise of mass displays of nationalism. The book is a rare effort to answer the question, 'Is there an indigenous Chinese masculinity?'
38
Jay, Gregory S. Afterword. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190687229.003.0008.
Анотація:
Recently African American journalist Ta-Nehisi Coates published an award-winning book, Between the World and Me, which can serve as a useful perspective on racial liberalism today. The book’s literary form as a letter to his son, which is drawn from the work of James Baldwin, echoes the narrative strategies of addressing the reader found in all the novels studied in previous chapters. Here again the reader is positioned as a listener, student, and subject for moral education. But his audience is his black son, making his book a departure from the white-centered texts previously dominant in the race liberal tradition. Coates, too, engages in both historical teaching and emotional polemic, making us again explore why white readers (and writers) need to be reminded that “black lives matter.”
39
Quong, Jonathan. The Morality of Defensive Force. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851103.001.0001.
Анотація:
This book provides an account of the central moral principles that regulate the permissible use of defensive force. The book argues that we cannot understand the morality of defensive force until we ask and answer deeper questions about how the use of defensive force fits with a more general account of justice and moral rights. In developing this view the book offers original accounts of liability, proportionality, and necessity. It also argues, contra the dominant view in the literature, that self-defence can sometimes be justified on the basis of an agent-relative prerogative to give greater weight to one’s own life and interests. The book also provides a novel conception of individual rights against harm. Unlike some, who believe that our rights against harm are fact-relative, Quong argues that our rights against being harmed by others must, in certain respects, be sensitive to the evidence that others can reasonably be expected to possess. The final chapter provides an extended defence of the means principle, a principle that prohibits harmfully using other persons’ bodies or other rightful property unless those persons are duty bound to permit this use or have otherwise waived their claims against such use.
40
Wilcox, Lauren. Gender, Just War, and the Ethics of War and Peace. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.192.
Анотація:
The just war tradition is the most dominant framework for analyzing the morality of war. Just war theory is being challenged by proponents of two philosophical views: realism, which considers moral questions about war to be irrelevant, and pacifism, which rejects the idea that war can ever be moral. Realism and pacifism offer a useful starting point for thinking about the ethics of war and peace. Feminists have been engaged with the just war tradition, mainly by exposing the gendered biases of just war attempts to restrain and regulate war and studying the role that war and its regulation plays in defining masculinity. In particular, feminists claim that the two rules of just war, jus ad bellum and jus in bello, discriminate against women. In regard to contemporary warfare, such as post-Cold War humanitarian interventions and the War on Terror, feminists have questioned the appropriateness of just war concepts to deal with the specific ethical challenges that these conflicts produce. Instead of abstract moral reasoning, which they critique as being linked to the masculine ideals of autonomy and rationality, many feminist argue for certain varieties of an ethics of care. Further research is needed to elaborate the basis of an ethical response to violence that builds on philosophical work on feminist ethics. Key areas for future investigation include asking hard questions about whom we may kill, and how certain people become killable in war while others remain protected.
41
Wood, John Carter. Crime News and the Press. Edited by Paul Knepper and Anja Johansen. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352333.013.41.
Анотація:
This essay examines crime news between the late eighteenth and mid-twentieth centuries, focusing on the newspaper press in Great Britain. It lays out trends in crime and media historiography; describes the main press discourses about “crime,” “criminals,” and “criminal justice”; identifies the key agents who created crime news; and considers the press’s role in “moral panics.” Showing that the press has been a dominant source of crime information from the late eighteenth century and that crime reporting has constituted a substantial proportion of newspaper content, it argues that crime news has consistently offered a distorted view of crime, with the greatest attention being given to those crimes that least frequently appear in official statistics; this inaccuracy can reveal distinctive fears and attitudes in particular historical contexts. Moreover, “human interest” reporting, while often sensationalist, has sometimes contained quasi-political social critiques cast in a more digestible language for a general readership.
42
Jaworski, Adam. Language Ideologies in the Text-Based Art of Xu Bing. Edited by James W. Tollefson and Miguel Pérez-Milans. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190458898.013.34.
Анотація:
Contemporary art has been a site of intense linguistic production for several decades. Visual artists experiment with new ways of displaying or enframing language that contest or subvert dominant language ideologies. Thus artists produce new regimes of language that regulate or unsettle moral or political visions, shaping attitudes and behaviour. The works of the contemporary artist Xu Bing, as well as interpretations of his work by the artist and commentators, demonstrate how artistic production and criticism contribute to language ideological debates about Chinese—in particular, about Chinese writing—and the nature of language more broadly. This chapter discusses aspects of Xu Bing’s biography and artistic practice related to his use of language. It discusses the language ideological positions underpinning four of his major works. It concludes with reflections on what language policy and planning scholars might learn from extending the scope of their interest to text-based art.
43
Mark, Carter. Part IV Federalism, B Federalism in Context, Ch.22 Criminal Law in the Federal Context. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780190664817.003.0022.
Анотація:
Under section 91(27) of Canada’s Constitution Act, 1867 Parliament has jurisdiction over criminal law. The formal characteristics of this concept and its public purposes have developed to take it well beyond its classic concern with prohibiting and punishing immoral conduct. Section 91(27) now supports highly regulatory legislative frameworks addressing not only moral concerns but also areas of well-established provincial regulation such as health and the environment. At the same time, section 92 of the Constitution Act, 1867 allows the provinces considerable jurisdiction to regulate and to create offences in relation to matters that in other aspects fall within section 91(27). The subject of criminal law in the federal context involves unique challenges to the need to retain clear distinctions between federal and provincial powers, while demonstrating the “dominant tide” of federalism which attempts to maximize the operation of federal and provincial statutes without a primary concern for jurisdictional boundaries.
44
Heiner, Prof, Bielefeldt, Ghanea Nazila, Dr, and Wiener Michael, Dr. Part 4 Intersection of Freedom of Religion or Belief with Other Human Rights, 4.2 Right to Life, Right to Liberty. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198703983.003.0026.
Анотація:
The dominant concerns of this chapter relate to two aspects of the relationship between ‘religion’ and the ‘right to life’. One is the need to ensure that nobody is denied the right to life on grounds of their religion or belief (this being directly related to freedom of religion or belief), and the other is that nobody should be denied the right to life in the name of religion or belief. At the same time, the chapter also considers the broader horizon of multifaceted issues that are often considered relevant to life and religion. Issues such as religious values relating to the importance of life, and religious positions on abortion and on the death penalty are discussed in order to illustrate that, although not per se falling within freedom of religion or belief, they can be rendered relevant for the practice of freedom of religion or belief, depending on religious or moral convictions which people lay claim to.
45
Drury, Joseph. Narratives and Machines in Enlightenment Britain. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198792383.003.0002.
Анотація:
The affinity between narratives and machines in the eighteenth century reflects the early modern effort to break down the traditional barriers separating the arts and sciences. Leading practitioners sought to establish the foundation of their arts in the sciences and natural philosophers transformed the sciences by incorporating the machines and techniques of artisans. Inspired by these developments, neoclassical critics sought to identify the fundamental mechanics of narrative. Like the machines used in other arts, the novel was understood to be a technical ‘invention’, recently imported from Europe, which needed to be rationalized for an enlightened nation. Once established on scientific principles, the novel could become a simulation device that produced useful knowledge of the principles underlying human behaviour. From these circumstances emerged one of the dominant technical codes of eighteenth-century fiction, a narrative of progress that extended the practical goals of the Industrial Enlightenment into the realm of individual moral development.
46
Postema, Gerald J. Utility, Publicity, and Law. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793175.001.0001.
Анотація:
The essays in this volume offer a reassessment of Jeremy Bentham’s strikingly original legal philosophy. Early on, Bentham discovered his “genius for legislation”—“legislation” included not only law-making and code writing, but also political and social institution building and engineering of public spaces for effective control of the exercise of political power. In his general philosophical work, Bentham sought to articulate a public philosophy to guide and direct all of his “legislative” efforts. Part I explores the philosophical foundations of his public philosophy: his theory of meaning and framework for analysis and definition of key concepts, his theory of human affections and motivations, and his utilitarian theory of value. It is argued that, while concepts of pleasure and happiness play nominal roles in his theory of value, concepts of publicity, equality, and interests emerge as the dominant concepts of his public philosophy. Part II explores several dimensions of Bentham’s jurisprudence, including his radically revised command model of law, his early reflections on justice and law in adjudication, his theories of judicial evidence, constitutional rights, the rule of law, and international law. The concluding essay demonstrates the centrality of the notion of publicity in his moral, legal, and political thought. Emerging from this study is a positivist legal theory and a utilitarian moral–political philosophy that challenge in fundamental ways contemporary understandings of those doctrines.
47
Widder, Nathan. 28. Nietzsche. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198708926.003.0028.
Анотація:
This chapter examines Friedrich Nietzsche's political philosophy, first by focusing on his claim that the ‘death of God’ inaugurates modern nihilism. It then explains Nietzsche's significance for political theory by situating him, on the one hand, against the Platonist and Christian traditions that dominate political philosophy and, on the other hand, with contemporary attempts to develop a new political theory of difference. The chapter also considers Nietzsche's genealogical method and proceeds by analysing the three essays of On the Genealogy of Morals, along with his views on good and bad, good and evil, slave morality, the ascetic ideal, and the nihilism of modern secularism. Finally, it reviews contemporary interpretations of Nietzsche's relation and relevance to political theory and how his philosophy has inspired a broader set of trends that has come to be known as ‘the ontological turn in political theory’.
48
Larsen, Timothy, and Michael Ledger-Lomas, eds. The Oxford History of Protestant Dissenting Traditions, Volume III. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199683710.001.0001.
Анотація:
The Oxford History of Protestant Dissenting Traditions, Volume III considers the Dissenting traditions of the United Kingdom, the British Empire, and the United States in the nineteenth century. It provides an overview of the historiography on Dissent while making the case for seeing Dissenters in different Anglophone connections as interconnected and conscious of their genealogical connections. The nineteenth century saw the creation of a vast Anglo-world in which Anglophone Dissent reached its apogee. Featuring contributions from a team of leading scholars, this collection presents Dissent as a political and constitutional identity, which was often only strong where a dominant Church of England existed to dissent against, but also as a cluster of distinctive attitudes to Scripture, spirituality, and culture which persisted even as they changed in different settings. The volume illustrates that in most parts of that Anglo-world the later nineteenth century was marked by a growing enthusiasm for the moral and educational activism of the state, which plays against the idea of Dissent as a static, purely negative identity.
49
Waldow, Anik. Experience Embodied. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190086114.001.0001.
Анотація:
This book develops an account of embodied experience that extends from Descartes’s conception of the human body as firmly integrated into the causal play of nature to Kant’s understanding of anthropology as a discipline that provides us with guidance in our lives as embodied creatures. It defends the claim that during the early modern period, the debate on experience not only focused on questions arising from the subjectivity of our thinking and feeling, it also forcefully foregrounded the essentially embodied dimension of our lives as humans. By taking this approach, the book departs from the traditional epistemological route so dominant in treatments of early modern conceptions of experience. It shows that, far from merely raising concerns that either challenge or endorse the idea that experience is able to generate knowledge, the concept formed an essential part of a much broader debate. This debate was moral in nature and raised questions about the developmental potential of human beings and their capacity to instantiate in their lives a form of self-determined agency that allows them to act as responsible agents.
50
Gianni, Matteo. The Migration-Mobility Nexus: Rethinking Citizenship and Integration as Processes1. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474428231.003.0010.
Анотація:
In Western societies multiculturalism is increasingly perceived neither as a legitimate nor an efficient way to promote a fair conception of citizenship and an efficient integration of religious and cultural minorities. This has led to a higher political relevance of the notion of integration, defining the perimeter and the modalities of accommodation of minority groups. However, the dominant existing conceptions of integration and citizenship implicitly assume the immobility of immigrants. The chapter aims at thinking about a conception of democratic integration which is suited to tackle issues related to mobility of individuals and groups. It discusses the concept of integration in distinguishing two main conceptions of it, namely integration as adjustment and integration as an inter-subjective process of negotiation and/or reinterpretation of the specific content of common values and of common belonging. On the basis of the moral superiority of integration as process over integration as adaptation, there are not compelling reasons that this should preclude mobile individuals. Immobility is not needed to deliberate about democratic norms of common belonging. But this cannot result in the diminution of rights and resources of individuals who do not have the choice of mobility. Multicultural terms of fair integration are therefore still needed to accommodate societies where minority groups are marked by difference.