Дисертації з теми "Électrolyseurs – Commande automatique – Défauts"
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Sood, Sumit. "Multiphysics modelling for online diagnosis and efficiency tracking : application to green H2 production." Thesis, Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/EDMADIS/2021/2021LILUB028.pdf.
Renewable Energy Sources (RES) have emerged as a sustainable alternative to carbon-based energy sources as the world is struggling in limiting the greenhouse effect in the coming years. The use of RES, such as solar and wind, alone is non-reliable due to their intermittent nature. The surplus electricity generated during off-peak hours must be stored to tackle the problem of the unavailability of energy. Green Hydrogen (GH$_2$) generation using electrolyser running on RES has seen an increase in recent years for the storage of this surplus energy due to its advantages over conventional methods (such as batteries and ultra-capacitors) for long term storage and transport. Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) based electrolysers are better suited for the coupling with RES as compared to the alkaline electrolysers due to their faster start-up times and fast dynamic load changing capability. The intermittent nature of RES affects the performance and operation dynamics of the PEM electrolyser and must be analysed and studied in order to make these systems more reliable and safer to use. Mathematical modelling is one of the possible solutions for studying their behavior and developing supervision algorithms.Under the framework of the E2C project of the European Interreg 2-Seas program, a generic dynamic multi-physics model of a PEM electrolyser has been proposed in this work based on Bond Graph (BG) approach. Various components of the PEM electrolyser have been modelled in the form of BG capsules. These capsules can be connected based on the piping and instrumentation diagram of the PEM electrolyser system to have a global model of the system. The developed model is capable of representing different configurations of PEM electrolysers ranging from laboratory scale to industrial scale. The model is also capable of facilitating efficiency tracking in real-time. The developed model in the BG form has been converted into MATLAB® Simulink block diagram from the implementation point of view.The model was then validated using a single cell PEM electrolyser powered by a Hybrid Multi-source Platform (HMP) running on solar and wind energy at the University of Lille. The proposed model was also extended for the modelling and performance study of Anion Exchange Membrane (AEM) electrolysis cell, in collaboration with the University of Exeter of England, which shares a similar configuration and architecture.The developed model for the PEM electrolysis system is also suitable for the development of control, diagnosis, and prognosis algorithms. Therefore, a model-based robust fault diagnosis for PEM water electrolyser has been proposed in this work. The proposed diagnosis algorithms and model have been then utilized for developing the graphical user interface for online supervision
Aberkane, Samir. "Systèmes tolérants aux défauts : analyse et synthèse stochastique." Nancy 1, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00151379.
Despite the evident interaction between FDI and reconfiguration algorithms, it is true that the research on FDI and reconfiguration methods has often evolved separately, certainly because of the difficulty of each of these problems. The main contribution of this work is to use a mathematical model that includes in the same analysis framework the FDI and reconfiguration algorithms. Such a model belongs to the class of Markovian jump linear systems. In this class of systems, two random processes are defined: the first represents system components failures and the second represents the FDI process. The first problematic considered in this thesis is related to the synthesis of output feedback controllers that stochastically stabilize this class of systems subject to Brownian motion. The developed results are based essentially on Lyapunov theory and Supermartingale notion. The different synthesis conditions are formulated as nonlinear matrix inequalities problematic. Noncovex optimization algorithms were then proposed to solve these conditions. The second problematic addressed in this work concerns the multi-objective control of this class of Markovian jump systems. The specifications and objectives under consideration include stochastic stability, H2 and H∞ performances. Output feedback controllers synthesis conditions were also proposed in term of LMI, BMI and NLMI. Finally, we have addressed the discrete-time counterpart and proposed H2/H∞ synthesis conditions. The developed results were applied to the problematic of control of networked systems subject to delays, packet loss and failures
Kabbaj, Mohammed Nabil. "Développement d'algorithmes de détection et d'isolation de défauts pour la supervision des bioprocédés." Perpignan, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2005PERP0599.
Cieslak, Jérôme. "Anlyse et synthèse d'une architecture coopérative pour la commande tolérante aux défauts : application à un système aéronautique." Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13406.
This thesis discusses the design of an active Fault Tolerant Control (FTC) strategy for improvement of the operational control capability of the safety critical systems. The FTC strategy works in such a way that once a fault is detected by the Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI) unit, a compensation loop is activated for safe recovery. A key feature of the proposed strategy is that the design of the FTC loop is done independently of the nominal control law already in place. For a given application, one can select the appropriate “FTC controller / FDI unit” from the designed set of all admissible FDI/FTC units. The selection is done using performance indicators based on µ-analysis and µg-analysis. Finally, the proposed approach is applied to a faulty scenario of a realistic nonlinear benchmark of a large transport aircraft within European Flight Mechanics Action Group (FM-AG(16)) of GARTEUR program. The goal is to provide a “self-repairing” capability to enable the pilot to land the aircraft safely in the event of a stabilizer fault
Nohra, Chadi. "Diagnostique de défauts sur un moteur Diesel." Aix-Marseille 3, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01570301.
Long time considered pollutants, diesel engines are today as much clean, or even more, than the gasoline engines. In order to respect the environmental standards, even in presence of malfunctions, the automotive manufacturers set up systems of faults detection and isolation. Most previous works in the diesel engine diagnosis determined parts of the engine and not the complete engine. This thesis proposes an innovative fault-diagnosis system for a turbocharged diesel engine with variable-geometry turbocharger control. Numerous and diversified actuator and/or sensors faults are identified and analyzed such as air-leakage in the admission collector, compressor malfunctioning, intake-valves fault, intercooler fault, deterioration in the turbine-compressor coupling, defect in the variable geometry of the turbine, and fault in rotational speed sensor. Two different strategies for developing a Fault Detection and Isolation algorithm (FDD were proposed : The first one based on the adaptive training theory of an on line non linear observer with sliding mode. The second one based on the theory of Gain Schedule Control operated on a Takagi-Sugeno model of the diesel. Simulations with a nonlinear Diesel model in the presence of noise were carried out and which demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm
Bateman, François. "Diagnostic actif et tolérance aux défauts majeurs d'actionneurs : application à un drone." Aix-Marseille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX30036.
Interest in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is growing worldwide. Nevertheless there are numerous issues that must be overcome as a precondition to their routine and safe integration in civil airspace. Chief among these are absence of certification and poor reliability record of UAV systems. In this way, upcoming technologies such as fault diagnosis and fault tolerant control have the promise of significantly improving their reliability. This thesis aims at implementing fault diagnostic and fault tolerant control systems for a UAV. As regards the UAVs model and to deal with asymmetrical control surfaces failures, each control is described with the aerodynamic forces and moments that it produces. Some necessary conditions required to keep in flight the faulty UAV are presented. A method is proposed to calculate an operating point and the null controllability region of the UAV is described. The diagnostic system is built using unknown input observers in order to detect, isolate, and estimate faulty control surface positions. As this aircraft is equipped with redundant actuators, flap and aileron positions are not input observable and an active diagnostic process has to be implemented. The fault tolerant control laws are computed by using a Sequential Programming algorithm mixed with a linear state feedback calculated with LMI. These control laws aim at maximizing the domain of attraction by ensuring dynamic performances
Raisemche, Aziz. "Commande tolérante aux défauts d’une chaine de traction d’un véhicule électrique." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112342/document.
The various international standards require automakers to optimize conventional power train but mainly to develop other alternatives to drive, one of the most promising is the electric vehicle. However, these new drives should guarantee the same performance and the same level of dependability (reliability and security in this case).Electric power train is built around a large number of components (electrical machine, the sensor, the converter, power electronics, etc.) which may be affected by defects. The detection and localization of these defects are essential but not sufficient to ensure the dependability of the system. Indeed, to ensure operation in degraded mode, you must implement architecture of fault tolerant control (FTC). The main objective of this thesis is to propose new fault tolerant control architectures of an electric vehicle induction machine power train in the presence of several types of mechanical sensor failure. This thesis is organized into four chapters.Chapter 1 is a comprehensive state of the art with a critical analysis of architectures and control systems tolerant to faults of electric powertrains and a state of the art of the various defects that may occur in the chain of electric traction.Chapter 2 proposes two architectures of fault tolerant control: Hybrid FTC and GIMC (Generalised Internal Model Control); Hybrid FTC approach is a combination of two controllers, the first is a PI controller for the sound mode and the second a robust controller for the failed H infinity mode. The architecture allows GIMC restructuring the control law in an adaptive manner. It is designed to ensure robustness of the system in the presence of a fault with an inner loop acting loop correction and diagnosis.Chapter 3 is devoted exclusively to the algorithm voting fault tolerant control based on comparative study of four algorithms with three different topologies: a first structure is proposed on the system output, a second structure is applied system control, and the third structure is a two preceding hybridization.Chapter 4 is devoted to the experimental validation of the architecture described above. The results show the effectiveness of the approaches proposed FTC
Oudghiri, Mohammed. "Commande multi-modèles tolérante aux défauts : Application au contrôle de la dynamique d'un véhicule automobile." Phd thesis, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00357731.
La première partie consacrée à la FTC passive comporte trois chapitres. La première concerne la synthèse d'une loi de commande multimodèle par retour d'état reconstruit. Les incertitudes dues aux erreurs de modélisation et aux variations paramétriques sont prises en compte. Les conditions de stabilité sont données sous forme Inégalités Matricielles Bilinéaires (BMI) avec la proposition d'un algorithme de résolution en deux étapes. Cette loi de commande a été ensuite appliquée pour le contrôle de la dynamique latérale d'un véhicule automobile à quatre roues directrices. Cette dernière a été modélisée par un multimodèle incertain valable dans une large zone de variation de l'angle de dérive.
La seconde approche traite la conception d'une loi de commande basée sur observateur avec rejet de perturbations extérieures. L'avantage que représente cette méthode par rapport à celles existantes dans la littérature est la formulation des conditions de stabilité sous forme LMI. Ainsi les gains du contrôleur et les gains de l'observateur sont obtenus en une seule étape, ce qui introduit plus de relaxation. La loi de commande développée a été ensuite appliquée pour le contrôle de la dynamique latérale d'un véhicule automobile en considérant le moment autour du centre de gravité du véhicule comme entrée de commande.
La troisième approche proposée est une loi de commande adaptative à mode glissant en vue du contrôle du taux de glissement longitudinal lors de l'opération de freinage d'un véhicule automobile. Elle a comme avantage de combiner le mode glissant, connu par ses propriétés de robustesse vis à vis des perturbations extérieures et des erreurs de modélisation, et la représentation multimodèle/floue connue par ses propriétés d'approximateur universel. Cette loi de commande a été validée par une application réelle sur un prototype du système de freinage et d'anti-blocage ABS disponible au laboratoire M.I.S.
La deuxième partie de notre travail concerne la FTC active en s'appuyant sur les résultats développés dans la partie précédente. Trois stratégies de commandes actives tolérantes aux défauts capteurs ont été proposées pour le maintien de la stabilité latérale du véhicule automobile avec/sans présence des défauts capteurs. Les trois stratégies utilisent un bloc de détection et d'identification des défauts (FDI) constitué d'un banc d'observateurs, d'un bloc pour l'accommodation et la correction de la loi de commande et un bloc de décision sélectionnant la bonne loi de commande. Ceci permet de maintenir le bon comportement latéral du véhicule automobile lorsqu'un des capteurs utilisés devient défaillant. Dans les trois stratégies nous n'avons traité que les défauts capteurs additifs et en supposant qu'à chaque instant au maximum un seul capteur peut être défaillant. Elles se différentient entre elles essentiellement par les algorithmes de détection et d'isolation des défauts et les algorithmes de contrôle utilisés.
Sallem, Fatma. "Détection et isolation de défauts actionneurs basées sur un modèle de l'organe de commande." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00865848.
Adam, Medina Manuel. "Diagnostic de défauts des systèmes à représentation multi-modèle linéaire invariant dans le temps." Nancy 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NAN10198.
The introduction sets the framework of the research task presented: fault diagnosis on nonlinear systems whose approximate model is obtained by interpolation of linear models: these models being able to be regarded as resulting from a linearization around operating points. The first chapter presents elements of bibliography in the context of systems described by multiple models. The second chapter introduces the contribution of work when an exact decoupling of the faults influence makes it possible to break up the treatment of monitoring into two levels: active operating mode estimation and detection-estimation of the additive faults. The third chapter describes the case where, exact decoupling not being possible anymore due to, in particular, the limited uncertainties introduced into the models, it is necessary to consider a compromise leading to the search of an optimal solution. These final chapters end with an academic example which illustrates the performances of the developed method. The conclusion sums up the elements of the document and introduces some prospects
González-Contreras, Brian. "Contribution à la Tolérance aux Défauts des Systèmes Linéaires : Synthèse de Méthodes d'Accommodation Fondée sur l'Information du Second Ordre." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00377104.
Dans un premier temps, on propose des approches pour mesurer l'information du second ordre à partir des grandeurs entrée/sortie des systèmes linéaires. Dans une première approche, la réponse (données de sortie) à la condition initiale est considérée. Une alternative intéressante à cette approche, en considérant le problème comme un d'identification et basée sur la réponse impulsionnelle (paramètres de Markov), est proposée afin d'évaluer l'information du second ordre indirectement mais en-ligne en utilisant des grandeurs entrée/sortie. Un indice résultant de cette évaluation est proposé afin de contribuer à l'étude de la reconfigurabilité en ligne d'un système défaillant. Cette estimation en temps réel de l'information du second ordre est étendue aux systèmes commandés en réseau afin d'évaluer l'impact de retards sur la reconfigurabilité du système.
Dans un deuxième temps, des stratégies permettant l'accommodation de défauts du type perte d'efficacité des actionneurs sont proposées, approches considérées dans le contexte de la synthèse de l'information du second ordre par retour d'état. On aborde le cas des systèmes à une entrée, approche proposée et basée sur la méthode de la pseudo inverse modifiée. Ensuite on considère le cas multivariable, approche basée sur la méthode de la pseudo inverse. Des exemples se présentent pour illustrer l'application des approches proposées.
Les éléments développés au cours du mémoire sont illustrés à travers une application couramment étudiée dans la commande de procédés : le système hydraulique des trois cuves. Les simulations effectuées mettent en relief les résultats obtenus et l'apport des méthodes développées.
Gassara, Hamdi. "Analyse, commande et observation des modèles flous de type Takagi-Sugeno à état retardé." Amiens, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AMIE0124.
Bezzaoucha, Souad. "Commande tolérante aux défauts de systèmes non linéaires représentés par des modèles de Takagi-Sugeno." Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00948345.
Jain, Tushar. "Contribution à la synthèse de commandes tolérantes aux défauts par l'approche comportementale." Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00767015.
Dumont, Pierre-Emmanuel. "Tolérance active aux fautes des systèmes d'instrumentation." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2006/50376-2006-Dumont.pdf.
Stoican, Florin. "Fault tolerant control based on set-theoretic methods." Phd thesis, Supélec, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00633622.
Ben, Chabane Sofiane. "Techniques de détection de défauts à base d’estimation d’état ensembliste pour systèmes incertains." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLC007/document.
This thesis proposes a new Fault Detection approach for linear systems with interval uncertainties, bounded perturbations and bounded measurement noises. In this context, the Fault Detection is based on a set-membership state estimation of the system. The main contributions of this thesis are divided into three parts:- The first part proposes an improved method which combines the good accuracy of the zonotopic set-membership state estimation and the reduced complexity of the ellipsoidal set-membership estimation.- In the second part, a new ellipsoidal state estimation approach based on the minimization of the ellipsoidal radius is developed, leading to Linear Matrix Inequality optimization problems. In this context, both multivariable linear time-invariant systems and linear time-variant systems are considered. An extension of these approaches to systems with interval uncertainties is also proposed. - In the continuity of the previous approaches, two Fault Detection techniques have been proposed in the third part based on these set-membership estimation techniques. The first technique allows to detect sensor faults by checking the consistency between the model and the measurements. The second technique is based on Multiple Models. It deals with actuator/component/sensor faults in the same time. A Min-Max Model Predictive Control is developed in order to find the optimal control and the best model to use for the system in spite of the presence of these faults
Marzat, Julien. "Diagnostic des systèmes aéronautiques et réglage automatique pour la comparaison de méthodes." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00647333.
Martínez, Torres César. "Fault tolerant control by flatness approach." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0136/document.
The objective of this Ph.D. work is to provide a flatness based active fault-tolerant control technique. For such systems, it is possible to find a set of variables, named flat outputs, such that states and control inputs can be expressed as functions of flat outputs and their time derivatives. The fault detection and isolation block has to provide a fast and accurate fault isolation. This action is carried out by exploiting the non-uniqueness property of the flat outputs. In fact, if a second set of flat outputs which are coupled by a differential equation of the first is calculated, bthe number of residues augments. Differentially coupled means that it exists an equation with time derivatives inside, that couple one element of the first set with one of the second. As a consequence of augmenting the number of residual signal more faults than in the one set case may be isolated.Regarding reconfiguration, if the flat system complies with the properties listed above, we will obtain versions of states and control inputs as much of flat output vectors, are found, because each control input and state is a function of the flat output. The proposed approach provides in this manner one measure related to a faulty flat output vector and one or more computed by using an unfaulty one. The redundant state signals could be used as reference of the controller in order to hide the fault effects. This will be helpful to provide an entirely flatness based fault-tolerant control strategy.The works presented in this manuscript are under the following hypothesis: The flat outputs are functions of the state of the system, however in this work the flat outputs are constrained to be states of the system or a linear combination of them.The control loop is closed with a state feedback controller.For purposes of this work flat outputs need to be measured.Faults affecting the actuators are considered rejected by the controller; by consequence reconfiguration is only carried out after a sensor fault occurs.Feasibility of the proposed approach is analyzed in two nonlinear plants, an unmanned quadrotor and a three tank system
Lamouchi, Rihab. "Contributions à l'observation et à la commande tolérante aux fautes des systèmes incertains." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1134/document.
The research work presented in this thesis focuses on the design of interval observers for fault-tolerant control of uncertain systems. The presence of faults, uncertainties and disturbances in automated systems often causes undesirable reactions. In this context, two approaches of fault tolerant control have been developed based on interval observers in the case where the faults and the uncertainties are unknown but bounded. The first approach is passive and consists in ensuring the closed loop system stability even in the presence of actuator and/or component faults. The second approach, an active one, compensates the fault effect and ensures the system stability and desired performances. These contributions are validated through numerical simulations
Hashemi, Nejad Hossein. "Synthèse intégrée du diagnostic de systèmes contrôlés en réseaux avec contraintes de communication." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00634526.
Merheb, Abdel-Razzak. "Diagnostic and fault-tolerant control applied to an unmanned aerial vehicle." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4367/document.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) are more and more popular for their civil and military applications. Classical control laws usually show weaknesses in the presence of parameter uncertainties, environmental disturbances, and actuator and sensor faults. Therefore, it is judicious to design a control law capable of stabilizing the UAV not only in the fault-free nominal cases, but also in the presence of disturbances and faults. In this thesis, a new bio-inspired search algorithm called Ecological Systems Algorithm (ESA) suitable for engineering optimization problems is developed. The algorithm is used over the thesis to find optimal gains for the fault tolerant controllers. Sliding Mode Control theory is used to develop two Passive Fault Tolerant Controllers for quadrotor UAVs: Regular and Cascaded SMC. Because Passive Controllers handle a few numbers of faults, an Active Sliding Mode Fault Tolerant Controller using Kalman Filter is developed. To overcome severe faults and failures, an emergency controller based on the Quadrotor-to-Trirotor conversion maneuver is developed. The Controllers developed so far (Passive, Active, and emergency controllers) are then integrated to form the Integrated Fault Tolerant Controller (IFTC). The IFTC is a powerful controller that is able to handle a wide number of faults, and save actuator resources as well as processor computational effort. Finally, Passive and Active Fault Tolerant Controllers are designed for octorotor UAVs based on First Order and Second Order Sliding Mode Control. The AFTC uses Dynamic and Pseudo-Inverse Control Allocation methods to redistribute the control effort among healthy actuators reducing the effect of fault