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Готові списки джерел за темами / Fraction names

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Fraction names"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 12 червня 2021

Оновлено: 17 лютого 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Fraction names":

1

Mix, Kelly S., and Jae H. Paik. "Do Korean Fraction Names Promote Part-Whole Reasoning?" Journal of Cognition and Development 9, no. 2 (April 30, 2008): 145–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15248370802022605.

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2

Anicotte, Rémi. "Bidimensional expressions of fractions in Chinese." Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale 44, no. 1 (August 12, 2015): 36–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19606028-00441p02.

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A generic pattern of expression for fractions accounts for numerators and denominators, thus generally producing bidimensional numerical expressions. In Qin–Han mathematical texts, fractions were constructed as predicative phrases: the monodimensional expression ‘denominator’s name + fēn’ of a unit fraction 1/n acted as subject, and the numerator’s name acted as predicate. The morpheme zhī could be used as an optional marker of this predicative relation. Later evolutions were not linear, and reveal the effects of language planning and of free linguistic invention, finally giving rise to the inseparable fraction names of Contemporary Chinese. Un schéma générique pour dire les fractions rend compte des numérateurs et dénominateurs produisant des expressions numériques bidimensionnelles. Dans les textes mathématiques Qin–Han, elles étaient construites comme des énoncés prédicatifs où la désignation monodimensionnelle « nom du dénominateur + fēn » d’une fraction unitaire 1/n servait de sujet et le numérateur de prédicat. Le morphème zhī était utilisé facultativement comme marqueur de cette relation prédicative. Les évolutions de ces expressions n’ont pas été linéaires et révèlent l’action d’inventions et de normalisations linguistiques pour aboutir aux appellations insécables des fractions en chinois contemporain.

3

Zapata-Diomedi, Belen, Jan J. Barendregt, and J. Lennert Veerman. "Population attributable fraction: names, types and issues with incorrect interpretation of relative risks." British Journal of Sports Medicine 52, no. 4 (March 8, 2016): 212–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-095531.

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4

Izquierdo, Jose Luis, and Francisco Pando. "The algae names and collection of the Spanish Phycologist Pedro González Guerrero." Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 74, no. 1 (May 3, 2017): 047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2462.

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In this paper we collect the 103 algae names published by the Spanish phycologist Pedro González Guerrero during his life-long study of algae at the Royal Botanic Garden of Madrid. Names are presented with specific information to facilitate the typification of these names in the future, since P. González only used small illustrations as type elements when describing new infrageneric taxa. We also review here the status of this collection, which has been restored and databased in the process. The collection currently comprises over 2150 specimens, a fraction of what it was a much larger one.

5

Paik, Jae H., and Kelly S. Mix. "U.S. and Korean Children's Comprehension of Fraction Names: A Reexamination of Cross-National Differences." Child Development 74, no. 1 (February 2003): 144–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.t01-1-00526.

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6

Kish, Laszlo B., and Walter C. Daugherity. "Entanglement, and Unsorted Database Search in Noise-Based Logic." Applied Sciences 9, no. 15 (July 27, 2019): 3029. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9153029.

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We explore the collapse of “wavefunction” and the measurement of entanglement in the superpositions of hyperspace vectors in classical physical instantaneous-noise-based logic (INBL). We find both similarities with and major differences from the related properties of quantum systems. Two search algorithms utilizing the observed features are introduced. For the first one we assume an unsorted names database set up by Alice that is a superposition (unknown by Bob) of up to n = 2N strings; those we call names. Bob has access to the superposition wave and to the 2N reference noises of the INBL system of N noise bits. For Bob, to decide if a given name x is included in the superposition, once the search has begun, it takes N switching operations followed by a single measurement of the superposition wave. Thus, the time and hardware complexity of the search algorithm is O[log(n)], which indicates an exponential speedup compared to Grover’s quantum algorithm in a corresponding setting. An extra advantage is that the error probability of the search is zero. Moreover, the scheme can also check the existence of a fraction of a string, or several separate string fractions embedded in an arbitrarily long, arbitrary string. In the second algorithm, we expand the above scheme to a phonebook with n names and s phone numbers. When the names and numbers have the same bit resolution, once the search has begun, the time and hardware complexity of this search algorithm is O[log(n)]. In the case of one-to-one correspondence between names and phone numbers (n = s), the algorithm offers inverse phonebook search too. The error probability of this search algorithm is also zero.

7

Lazarus, David. "The legacy of early radiolarian taxonomists, with a focus on the species published by early German workers." Journal of Micropalaeontology 33, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jmpaleo2012-025.

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Abstract. Approximately one-third of the c. 1200 polycystine radiolarian names currently recognized as valid in deep-sea research (Cenozoic sediments and plankton) come from the first century of taxonomic studies (c. 1840–1930). German scientists dominated early research on radiolarian biology and taxonomy. C. G. Ehrenberg’s initial work was followed by E. Haeckel’s mammoth monographic works, particularly his Challenger report. Other important early workers were D. Rüst on Mesozoic and Palaeozoic forms and A. Popofsky on plankton and sediment materials, with smaller contributions by J. Müller, E. Stöhr, F. Dreyer and H. Mast. Excluding Haeckel, these workers together published over 2000 species names. A fraction (5–25%) of these names are still used today in deep-sea research, with a tendency for more prolific authors to have higher modern usage rates. Haeckel’s legacy is different. He published over 5000 species names, but only a few percent are still used. The reasons for his species names no longer being used seem to include both factors common to disuse of names from other early authors (inadequate text descriptions, poor or absent illustration, no preserved original materials) but also due to substantial duplication of species and genus names, created by imposition of a partially artificial high level taxonomy. Based on Haeckel’s own writings and by analogy to other parts of Haeckel’s work, it is suggested that Haeckel’s desire to discover and show evolutionary relationships lay behind this flawed approach to taxonomy.

8

Syarief, Akhmad, and Akhmad Yafie. "SIFAT MATERIAL POLYESTER HYBRID COMPOSITE - BATANG BEMBAN (Donax Canniformis)." Scientific Journal of Mechanical Engineering Kinematika 2, no. 2 (December 12, 2017): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/sjmekinematika.v2i2.39.

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Bemban (Donax Canniformis) is a plant similar to rattan, the stem produces fiber woven material. This plant has other names bamban, bumban, bomban, and so forth. Composites are a new type of material combined with two or more ingredients and have different properties with each other both physical properties and chemical properties. From the research of this hybrid composite stem rod, it is known in the specimens of impact test of volume fraction 60% bemban (Energy Absorption 21,11 J and Impact Price 0,0332 J / mm²) has the most optimum ductility than volume fraction 40% Energy Absorption 20.62 J and Impact Price 0.0324 J / mm²) and 50% bemban bemban (Energy Absorption 20,96 J and Impact Price 0.0330 J / mm²). In bending test specimens, the volume fraction of 60% bemban stem (Bending Strength 0.45 MPa) has the most optimum ductility properties compared to the volume fraction of 40% bemban rod (Bending Strength 0.63 MPa) and 50% bemban (Bending Strength 0.72 MPa). In tensile specimens fraction volume of 60% bemban rod (Tensile Strength 0.00449 MPa) has the most optimum ductility properties compared to volume fraction of 40% bemban rod (Tensile Strength 0.00224 MPa) and 50% bemban rod (Pull Strength 0.00284 MPa).

9

BURTON, ROBERT, and KYEWON K. PARK. "Spatial determinism for a freeZ2-action." Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems 32, no. 2 (December 16, 2011): 479–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143385711000770.

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AbstractWe extend the idea of bilateral determinism of a freeZ-action by D. Ornstein and B. Weiss to a freeZ2-action. We show that we have a ‘stronger’ spatial determinism forZ2-actions: to determine the completeZ2-name of a point, it is enough to know the name of a fraction of the orbit whose density can be made arbitrarily small. Moreover, for zero-entropyZ2-actions, we prove that there exists a partition$\tilde {\mathcal {P}}$such that the$\tilde {\mathcal {P}}$-names of an arbitrarily small one-sided cone determine the points.

10

Montmerle, Thierry. "The IAU, from New Worlds to Exoworlds: recollections of a mandate." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 13, S349 (December 2018): 90–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921319000176.

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AbstractThis paper presents my own recollections of the difficult relations that existed between the IAU and a fraction of the public, especially in the USA, following the IAU decision to reclassify Pluto as a dwarf planet at the 2006 General Assembly in Prague, and which ultimately led the IAU to organize the NameExoWorlds international contest to give public names to selected exoplanets and their host stars. In spite of the success of the International Year of Astronomy in 2009, the Pluto controversy continued, and its consequences climaxed during my term (2012-2015), as NASA’s New Horizons probe approached Pluto for a flyby just before the 2015 General Assembly in Honolulu. It was during this period that the IAU launched the NameExoWorlds contest, which also came to a conclusion in Honolulu after over half a million votes were cast from all over the world. While the inside story of how the contest was organized has appeared elsewhere, here I focus on the historical and sociological context that made Pluto such a sensitive issue, especially in the USA, explaining why this contest generated another controversy between the IAU and the New Horizons team. However, after the world-wide success of NameExoWorlds, the IAU and the New Horizons team eventually reached an agreement on finalizing the characterization and names of a number of newly discovered Pluto and Charon surface features (an on-going process), while a new edition of NameExoWorlds is in preparation for the IAU centennial in 2019.

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Дисертації з теми "Fraction names":

1

Moloto, Phuti Margaeret. "An exploration of mathematical knowledge for teaching for Grade 6 teachers in the teaching of fractions : a case study of three schools in Capricorn South District." Diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27361.

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The study aimed to explore teachers’ mathematical knowledge in respect of teaching the concept of fractions to Grade 6 learners. To that end a qualitative study was done, using a case study design. Data were collected through the observation of, and interviews with, three teachers at three schools in the Capricorn South district. Rooted in the theory of constructivism, the study was supplemented by the conceptual framework of mathematical knowledge for teaching (MKT) (Ball et al., 2008) and Shulman’s (1986) notion of pedagogical knowledge for teaching (PCK). The key finding of this investigation revealed that, of the three teachers, two did not develop the concept of fractions for their learners, but merely followed the traditional method of teaching the concept by encouraging their learners to memorise rules without understanding. Only one teacher emphasised an understanding of mathematical concepts. The main observation which the researcher made, was that teachers require a great deal of knowledge and expertise, in carrying out the work of teaching subject matter related to fractions.
Mathematics Education

2

Zítek, Michal. "Vnitrostranické debaty o dalším směřování KSČ(M) v letech 1989 - 1993." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-308034.

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Michal Zitek: The internal debates about the future direction of the KSČ(M) from 1989 to 1993 The aim of this thesis is to offer a comprehensive look at the debates that took place within the Communist Party and aimed to transform into a modern left- wing party. Work will familiarize you with some debates and opinion- platforms that arose in these discussions.

Книги з теми "Fraction names":

1

(Editor), Beverly Cory, Catherine Anderson (Editor), and Nancy S. Green (Editor), eds. Name That Portion: Fractions, Percents, & Decimals. Dale Seymour Publications, 1996.

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2

Murray, Megan. Name That Portion: Fractions, Percents, And Decimals. Dale Seymour Publications, 1998.

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3

Akers, Joan. Name that portion: Fractions, percents, and decimals (Investigations in number, data, and space). Scott Foresman, 2004.

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4

Mac Suibhne, Breandán. The Name of Informer. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198738619.003.0006.

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Financial concerns were a factor in McGlynn’s decision to contact Cruise in late March 1856. So too was a fear that he would be connected to a letter threatening Gallagher which he had written at the behest of the Mollies. That anxiety, in turn, stemmed from the fractious politics of the local lodge. The previous year, its ‘master’ had survived a challenge from militants who thought that he should be ordering more ‘outrages’. However, the militants remained a strong faction in the lodge. McGlynn’s fear heightened when the savage beating of a man in a neighbouring parish caused the Catholic clergy to condemn the Mollies. McGlynn’s information revealed Gallagher’s neglect of his aged father, John, to have been an additional source of the Mollies’ animosity to him; so too, it seems, was the death of a man struck with a whip by a relative of his wife.

5

Shoemaker, Stephen P. Unitarians, Shakers, and Quakers in North America. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199683710.003.0011.

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The American Revolution inspired new movements with a longing to restore what they believed was a primitive and pure form of the church, uncorrupted by the accretions of the centuries. Unlike most Canadians, Americans were driven by the rhetoric of human equality, in which individual believers could dispense with creeds or deference to learned ministers. This chapter argues that one manifestation of this was the Restorationist impulse: the desire to recover beliefs and practices believed lost or obscured. While that impulse could be found in many Protestant bodies, the groups classified as ‘Restorationist’ in North America emerged from what is today labelled the Stone-Campbell movement. They were not known explicitly as Restorationists as they identified themselves as ‘Christian Churches’ or ‘Disciples of Christ’ in a bid to find names that did not separate them from other Christians. The roots of this movement lay in the Republican Methodist Church or ‘Christian Church’ founded by James O’Kelly on the principle of representative governance in church and state. As its ‘Christian’ title implied, the new movement was supposed to effect Christian unity. It was carried forward in New England by Abner Jones and Elias Smith who came from Separate Baptist congregations. Smith was a radical Jeffersonian republican who rejected predestination, the Trinity, the divinity of Christ, and original sin as human inventions and would be rejected from his own movement when he embraced universalism. The Presbyterian minister Barton W. Stone was the most important advocate of the Christian movement in Kentucky and Tennessee. Stone was a New Light Presbyterian who fell out with his church in 1803 because he championed revivals to the displeasure of Old Light Presbyterians. With other ministers he founded the Springfield Presbytery and published an Apology which rejected ‘human creeds and confessions’ only to redub their churches as Christian Churches or Churches of Christ. Stone’s movement coalesced with the movement founded by Alexander Campbell, the son of an Ulster Scot who emigrated to the United States after failing to effect reunion between Burgher and Anti-Burghers and founded an undenominational Christian Association. Alexander embraced baptism by immersion under Baptist influence, so that the father and son’s followers were initially known as Reformed (or Reforming) Baptists. The increasing suspicion with which Baptists regarded his movement pushed Alexander into alliance with Stone, although Campbell was uneasy about formal terms of alliance. For his part, Stone faced charges from Joseph Badger and Joseph Marsh that he had capitulated to Campbell. The Stone-Campbell movement was nonetheless successful, counting 192,000 members by the Civil War and over a million in the United States by 1900. Successful but bifurcated, for there were numerous Christian Churches which held out from joining the Stone-Campbell movement, which also suffered a north–south split in the Civil War era over political and liturgical questions. The most buoyant fraction of the movement were the Disciples of Christ or Christian Churches of the mid-west, which shared in the nationalistic and missionary fervour of the post-war era, even though it too in time would undergo splits.

6

Havrelock, Rachel. The Joshua Generation. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691198934.001.0001.

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No biblical text has been more central to the politics of modern Israel than the Book of Joshua. Named after a military leader who became the successor to Moses, it depicts the march of the ancient Israelites into Canaan, describing how they subjugated and massacred the indigenous peoples. This book examines the book's centrality to the Israeli occupation today, revealing why nationalist longing and social reality are tragically out of sync in the Promised Land. Though the Book of Joshua was largely ignored and reviled by diaspora Jews, the leaders of modern Israel have invoked it to promote national cohesion. Critics of occupation, meanwhile, have denounced it as a book that celebrates genocide. This book looks at the composition of Joshua, showing how it reflected the fractious nature of ancient Israelite society and a desire to unify the populace under a strong monarchy. The book describes how David Ben-Gurion, Israel's first prime minister, convened a study group at his home in the late 1950s, where generals, politicians, and professors reformulated the story of Israel's founding in the language of Joshua. The book traces how Ben-Gurion used a brutal tale of conquest to unite an immigrant population of Jews of different ethnicities and backgrounds, casting modern Israelis and Palestinians as latter-day Israelites and Canaanites. Providing an alternative reading of Joshua, the book finds evidence of a decentralized society composed of tribes, clans, and woman-run households, one with relevance to today when diverse peoples share the dwindling resources of a scarred land.

Частини книг з теми "Fraction names":

1

Fontani, Marco, Mariagrazia Costa, and Mary Virginia Orna. "From the Eclipse of Aldebaranium and Cassiopeium to the Priority Conflict Between Celtium and Hafnium." In The Lost Elements. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199383344.003.0014.

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In 1794, Finnish scientist Johan Gadolin discovered the first of the rare earth elements in some ore deposits at Ytterby, Sweden. He called the oxide of the new element that he had isolated ytterbia and ytterbite the ore from which he had extracted it. Three years later, Anders Gustaf Ekeberg verified Gadolin’s discoveries and proposed the name of yttria (or yttric earths) for the oxide and gadolinite for the ore. For many years, chemists, among them L. N. Vauquelin, J. J. Berzelius, and M. H. Klaproth, wrestled with the problem that perhaps Gadolin’s yttrium was not a simple body but in reality contained other elements. In 1842, the Swedish chemist C. G. Mosander described how, by means of the fractional precipitations of the oxalates from dilute solutions of oxalic acid and by treatment of the hydroxides with dilute ammoniacal solutions, he seemed to have succeeded in extracting three new elements. The first was yttrium, the most basic; the second was erbium, the least basic; and the intermediate fraction he called terbium. The names terbium, erbium, and ytterbium derive from the name of the town, Ytterby. The names that Mosander gave to the three elements derived from the sequence in which they were separated: the name yttrium was not changed out of respect for Gadolin. The first element that he extracted, Mosander called terbium, and the following one he called erbium. He removed a letter from the word terbium because he had isolated it later. In the following years, it was discovered that both erbium and terbium were not single elements but mixtures of elements yet unknown. A practice developed that we might call an entente cordiale: when a discoverer split a presumed element into its constituents, one element retained the name already given by its preceding discoverer. This usage was respected by everyone, including Urbain, who, in 1907, presented his discoveries with the names neo-ytterbium and lutecium. Only Auer von Welsbach, a renowned Austrian chemist, did not respect this tacit “gentlemen’s agreement” and called the elements with atomic numbers 70 and 71 aldebaranium and cassiopeium.

2

Martinho Simões, José A., and Manuel Minas da Piedade. "The Thermodynamic Background." In Molecular Energetics. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195133196.003.0005.

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The three laws of thermodynamics provide the theoretical basis required to master nearly all the concepts that are relevant in discussions of molecular energetics. We shall not dwell on those laws, because they are mandatory in any general physical chemistry course, but we will ponder some of their outcomes. It is also necessary to agree on basic matters, such as units, nomenclature, standard states, thermochemical consistency, uncertainties, and the definition of the most common thermochemical quantities. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) recommends the use of the International System of Units (SI) in all scientific and technical publications. Appendix A list the names and symbols adopted for the seven SI base units, together with several SI derived units, which have special names and are relevant in molecular energetics. Among the base units, the kelvin (symbol K) and the mole (mol), representing thermodynamic temperature and amount of substance, respectively, are of particular importance. Derived units include the SI unit of energy, the joule (J), and the SI unit of pressure, the pascal (Pa). It is generally acknowledged that the International System has brought order out of the previous multisystem chaos. The IUPAC recommendations regarding units will therefore be followed in the present book. In some countries, like the United States, units like the calorie, the torr, and the atmosphere, for example, are still common, but they have gradually been replaced by their SI equivalents. However, non-SI units, such as the electronvolt (eV) and the hartree (Eh) are more convenient to use in many cases. These units, particularly the eV, are prevalent in a large number of recent publications on molecular energetics. A list of some non-SI units, together with their SI values, and a table containing the “best” values of some fundamental physical constants are given in appendix A. The names and symbols of physical chemical quantities have also been recommended by the IUPAC. It would be tedious to list even a minor fraction of the suggestions on symbols, subscripts, and superscripts, in italic, Roman, or Greek fonts. But these matters have importance, and a few common symbols will be described here.

3

Bianchi, Thomas S. "Trace Metal Cycling." In Biogeochemistry of Estuaries. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195160826.003.0024.

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Like many other elements, natural background levels of trace elements exist in crustal rocks, such as shales, sandstones, and metamorphic and igneous rocks (Benjamin and Honeyman, 2000). In particular, the majority of trace metals are derived from igneous rocks, simply based on the relative fraction of igneous rocks in comparison with sedimentary and metamorphic rocks in the Earth’s crust. The release of trace metals from crustal sources is largely controlled by the natural forces of physical and chemical weathering of rocks, notwithstanding large-scale anthropogenic disturbances such as mining, construction, and coal burning (release of fly ash). As discussed later in the chapter, adjustments can be made for anthropogenic loading to different ecosystems based on an enrichment factor which compares metal concentrations in the ecosphere to average crustal composition. Biological effects of weathering, such as plant root growth and organic acid release associated with respiration also contribute to these weathering processes. As some trace metals are more volatile than others, release due to volcanic activity represents another source of metals with such properties (e.g., Pb, Cd, As, and Hg). Just as Goldschmidt (1954) grouped elements (e.g., siderophiles, chalcophiles, lithophiles, andatomophiles) based on similarities in geochemical properties, trace metals also represent a group of elements with similar chemical properties. One particularly important distinguishing feature of these elements is their ability to bond reversibly to a broad spectrum of compounds (Benjamin and Honeyman, 2000). Thus, the major inputs of trace metals to estuaries are derived from riverine, atmospheric, and anthropogenic sources. Although trace elements typically occur at concentrations of less than 1 ppb (part per billion) (or μg L−1, also reported in molar units), these elements are important in estuaries because of their toxic effects, as well as their importance as micronutrients for many organisms. The fate and transport of trace elements in estuaries are controlled by a variety of factors ranging from redox, ionic strength, abundance of adsorbing surfaces, and pH, just to name a few (Wen et al., 1999).

4

"Black Bass Diversity: Multidisciplinary Science for Conservation." In Black Bass Diversity: Multidisciplinary Science for Conservation, edited by Michael D. Tringali. American Fisheries Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874400.ch39.

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<em>Abstract</em>.—Following reports of invasive Spotted Bass <em>Micropterus punctulatus</em> in the Chipola River, Florida, we initiated a microsatellite DNA survey of black basses in that system to assess genetic risks to the native population of Shoal Bass <em>M. cataractae</em>. Nonnative Spotted Bass and naturally occurring Largemouth Bass <em>M. salmoides</em> × Florida Bass <em>M. floridanus</em> intergrades were sampled from the Apalachicola and lower Chipola rivers to serve as reference specimens. In 2007, we identified five Shoal Bass hybrids among 45 specimens of <em>Micropterus</em>. Two of the hybrid specimens had introgressant alleles from Spotted Bass and another two had introgressant alleles from Largemouth Bass × Florida Bass intergrades. The introgressing taxon for the remaining hybrid was not immediately identifiable and was later determined to be an undescribed species of <em>Micropterus</em> (provisionally named Choctaw Bass), which inhabits the coastal plain rivers of the eastern Gulf of Mexico. From 2008 to 2010, an additional 217 specimens from the system were genotyped, resulting in the identification of 36 hybrids. Overall, 15.9% of the unknown specimens were heterospecific; the overall genomic proportion of introgressant alleles was 4.0%. The largest fraction of introgressant alleles (3.0%) originated from Choctaw Bass, most likely carried by emigrants from the nearby Choctawhatchee River system. Largemouth Bass × Florida Bass intergrades contributed the next highest introgressant proportion (0.6%), followed by Spotted Bass (0.4%). One genetically pure Spotted Bass was detected among the upper Chipola River specimens. Point estimates of genetic effective size for the Chipola River Shoal Bass population ranged from 110.4 to 131.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 79.1 to 195.9); values of this magnitude could signal an increased susceptibility to hybrid-swarm formation and reduced efficacy of purifying selection. While this population harbors a nontrivial amount of introgressant alleles, the majority of interbreeding appears to originate via natural processes. Nonetheless, if nonnative Spotted Bass become further established in the Chipola River and increase their interactions with Shoal Bass, the genetic integrity of the endemic population could deteriorate rapidly.

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Avery, William H., and Chih Wu. "Open-Cycle OTEC." In Renewable Energy from the Ocean. Oxford University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195071993.003.0012.

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The historical development leading to the proposal by Claude to generate power by producing steam in flash evaporation of warm seawater has been discussed in Chapter 2. In this chapter, the thermodynamic fundamentals of the open-cycle concepts are discussed, leading to a detailed review of state of the art and commercial prospects of the process. There are several variations on the standard OTEC open-cycle (OC) system. The three major variations are “hybrid cycle” (Bartone, 1978), “mist lift cycle” (Ridgway, 1977), and “foam lift cycle” (Beck, 1975; Zener et al., 1975). These are advanced concepts that offer certain attractive features and are being investigated. The three cycles will be discussed in Sections 5.3, 5.4, and 5.5, respectively. The standard OTEC open cycle is discussed in the following. The modest but nearly steady temperature difference that exists between the warm surface water and the much colder water at great depth in some tropical regions of the world has attracted the attention of many thermodynamicists from the time that these temperature differences were first observed. From the thermodynamicist’s view, any significant temperature difference can be used to produce power. The open or Claude cycle is the forerunner of various OTEC cycles. The open cycle refers to the use of seawater as the working fluid. A schematic diagram of the system, which comprises a flash evaporator, vapor expansion turbine and generator, steam condenser, noncondensables-removing equipment, and deaerator, is shown in Fig. 5-1 (Chen, 1979). The cycle is a basic Rankine cycle for converting thermal energy of the warm surface water into electrical energy. In the cycle, the warm seawater is deaerated and then passed into a flash evaporation chamber, where a fraction of the seawater is converted into low-pressure steam. The steam is passed through a turbine, which extracts energy from it, and then exits into a condenser. This cycle derives the name “open” from the fact that the condensate is not returned to the evaporator as in the “closed” cycle. Instead, the condensate can be used as desalinated water if a surface condenser is used, or the condensate is mixed with the cooling water and the mixture is discharged back into the ocean.

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"maize, 1.4-2.7%; of waxy barley, 2.1-8.3%; and of waxy swell only slightly in cold water. Granules differ in size rice 0-2.3%; thus the range of amylose contents of the and shape among plants. For example, corn starch has an waxy wheats is comparable to that of other waxy cereal average diameter of about 15 1.1,M, wheat starch has a bi-grains. Biochemical features of starch from waxy wheats modal size distribution of 25-40 and 5-10 [tm, potato are similar to those of waxy maize [71]. starch has an average size of 40 WTI, and rice starch has an Starch from barley contains 22-26% amylose, the rest average size of 5µm [99]. being amylopectin [28]. However, samples of 11-26% The particle sizes of starch granules have recently re-amylose are known, and starch from waxy barley contains ceived much attention because of their important roles in only 0-3% amylose, while high-amylose starches contain determining both the taste and mouthfeel of fat substitutes up to 45%. and the tensible properties of degradable plastic films. Amylose content of rice is categorized as very low Daniel and Whistler [39] reported that small-granule (0-9%), low (9-20%), intermediate (20-25%), or high starch about 2 !um in diameter, or similar in size to the lipid (25-33%) [124]. The amylose content of long grain rice micelle, had advantages as a fat substitute. Lim et al. [117] ranges from 23 to 26%, while medium grain ranges from investigated the use of starches of different particle size in 15 to 20% and short grain ranges from 18 to 20% [103]. degradable plastic film. They reported that a linear correla-Oat amylose content (16-27%) is similar to that of tion between film thickness and particle size and an in-wheat starch, but oat amylose is more linear and oat amy-verse linear correlation between film thickness and particle lopectin is more branched than that found in wheat [121]. size. Small-granule starches may also be used as face pow-Most sorghum starch is similar in composition to corn der or dusting powder, as a stabilizer in baking powder, and contains 70-80% branched amylopectin and 21-28% and as laundry-stiffening agents. amylose [127]. However, waxy or glutinous sorghum con-The size of the wheat starch granule is 1-30 lam, the tains starch with 100% amylopectin and has unique prop-size distribution being bimodal. Such a bimodal size distri-erties similar to waxy corn [158]. Badi et al. [11] reported bution is characteristic of wheat starch, as well as of rye 17% amylose in starch from one pearl milled population. and barley starches. Wheat starch consists of two basic Gracza [69] reviewed the minor constituents of starch. forms: small spherical granules (about 5-10 wri) and larg-Cereal starches contain low levels of lipids. Usually, the er lenticular granules (about 25-4011m). The small B-gran-lipids associated with starch are polar lipids. Generally, the ules are spherical and have a diameter of less than 10 wrt; level of lipids in cereal starch is between 0.5 and 1%. Be-a mean value of about 4 lam has been reported. The large sides low levels of other minerals, starches contain phos-A-granules are lenticular and have a diameter greater than phorus and nitrogen. In the cereals, phosphorus occurs 10 lam, with a mean 14.11.1m. In reality, the granules have a mostly in the form of phospholipids. The nitrogen is gener-continuous distribution of granule size within the range ally considered to be present as protein, but it may also be designated for that starch. Amylose and amylopectin are a constituent of the lipid fraction. intermixed and distributed evenly throughout the granule. The interaction between amylose and lipids is more Many believe that the composition and properties of small powerful by far than that between amylopectin and lipids and large granules are similar, but this is a subject of some [55]. It is well established that polar lipids (e.g., mono-argument and the subject of many research studies [42]. glycerides, fatty acids, and similar compounds) form a hel-Kulp [110] evaluated the fundamental and bread-mak-ical inclusion complex with the amylose molecule, be-ing properties of small wheat starch granules and com-tween the hydrocarbon chain of the lipid and the interior of pared them with those of regular starch. Small granules the amylose helix. were found to be lower in iodine affinity, indicating differ-ences in amylose levels or some fundamental structural differences. Gelatinization temperature ranges, water-binding capacities, and enzymic susceptibilities of small Starch is laid down in the shape of particles in special amy-granules were higher than those of regular ones. loplast cells in the plant. These particles are called gran-Rice has one of the smallest starch granules of cereal ules, and they are the means by which the plant stores en-grains, ranging in size from 3 to 5 pm in the mature grain, ergy for the carbohydrate in a space-saving way, but also to although the small granules of wheat starch are almost the make the energy easily accessible when the seed germi-same size [33]. The small granule size of that starch results nates [57]. One starch granule is synthesized in each amy-in physical properties that make it useful as a dusting flour loplast, and the shape and size of a starch granule is typical in bakeries. Rice starch amyloses have degree of polymer-of its botanical origin. ization (DP) values of 1000-1100 and average chain Starch granules are relatively dense, insoluble, and lengths of 250-320. These structural properties of amylose." In Handbook of Cereal Science and Technology, Revised and Expanded, 405–32. CRC Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420027228-41.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Fraction names":

1

Hage, Ilige S., and Ramsey F. Hamade. "Distribution of Porosity in Cortical (Bovine) Bone." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-51703.

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Pores (namely lacunae, clusters of canaliculi, Haversian canals, and resorption cavities) are present throughout cortical bone. This paper characterizes the area fraction (AF, %)) of each type of these pores as function of distance from the bone’s geometric center while noting the region in which such pores are located: midcortical or periosteal. Optical slides (at 20X) are taken from 2 cortical bone biopsies named bone 1 and bone 2 and cut at mid-diaphysis femur from 2 different (about 2 year-old) bovine cows. The slides are collected from posterior (pericortical) and anterior (intracortical) locations. The area of each of these biopsies is about 2.5mm × 3mm located near the outer cortex of the bone. In polar coordinates from the bone’s center, the areas cover radial distance of about 3.3 mm (of radius, R) and encompass an arc of 10°. Automated segmentation is used to locate and identify all pores in the optical slides the shapes of which are best fitted into ellipses. Values of area fraction, AF (%) of said fitted ellipses are then automatically calculated in secondary osteons for both regions. Variations in values of area fraction AF (%) are related to actual areas of pores (based on their defining equations). Observations suggest that area fractions (%) of all pores (but to lesser degree for Haversian canals), to significantly decrease linearly and in a steep fashion with R (statistically significant, p < 0.01) in the anterior region where osteonal growth is expected to have continued to develop. However, in the posterior region where osteonal growth appears to have matured, area fraction (%) values seem to have reached a steady state resulting in fairly flat behavior versus R. All observations are equally applicable for biopsies collected from bone 1 and bone 2.

2

Sorrentino, Silvio, and Luigi Garibaldi. "Frequency Domain Analysis of a Fractional Derivative SDOF System." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-84651.

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This paper presents a study of the frequency domain behaviour of a single degree of freedom (SDOF) system with a fractional derivative model, named Fractional Kelvin-Voigt. Frequency response functions (FRFs) as receptance and transmissibility are analytically studied. Then the model is applied to describe the dynamic behaviour of a magneto-mechanic system in the frequency domain, consisting of a body of para or dia-magnetic material vibrating in a field created by a pair of magnets.

3

Sun, Hongguang, Yangquan Chen, and Wen Chen. "Time Fractional Differential Equation Model With Random Derivative Order." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-87483.

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This paper proposes a new type of fractional differential equation model, named time fractional differential equation model, in which noise term is included in the time derivative order. The new model is applied to anomalous relaxation and diffusion processes suffering noisy field. The analysis and numerical simulation results show that our model can well describes the feature of these processes. We also find that the scale parameter and the frequency of the noise play a crucial role in the behaviors of these systems. At the end, we recognize some potential applications of this new model.

4

Sawant, Pravin, Joshua Schelegel, Sidharth Paranjape, Basar Ozar, Takashi Hibiki, and Mamoru Ishii. "Flow Regime Identification in Large Diameter Pipe." In 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48311.

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Air-water vertical two-phase flow experiments were performed in a 0.15 m diameter and 4.4 m long test section. Superficial liquid velocity was varied from 0.05 m/s to 2.0 m/s and superficial gas velocity was varied to obtain the area averaged void fraction range of 0.1 to 0.7. Exit pressure was close to the atmospheric pressure. In order to study the development of flow structure over the length of test section, area averaged void fraction was measured using impedance meters at four different measuring ports. Pressure drop was also measured between these ports. Since the temporal variation of void fraction signal obtained from the impedance meter and its distribution are characteristic of the flow regime, a Cumulative Probability Distribution Function (CPDF) of the void fraction signal was utilized for the identification of flow regime at each port. The CPDFs of the impedance probe void fraction signal were supplied as an input to the Kohonen Self Organized neural network or the Self Organized Map (SOM) for the identification of the patterns by employing self organized neural network technique. The three flow regimes identified by the neural network are subjectively named as bubbly flow, cap-bubbly flow and cap-turbulent flow.

5

Ito, Takahiro. "R&D of the Next Generation Safety Analysis Methods for Fast Reactors With New Computational Science and Technology: 5 — Study of Eutectic Reaction Between Metals: Classical Molecular Dynamics Approach." In 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48500.

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Molecular dynamics study on eutectic phenomena between two metal materials is performed for development of a new MPS-based code named ‘COMPASS’ [1] being developed for meso-scale analysis of core disruptive accidents in Sodium-cooled fast reactor. In this study, Cu-Ag system is simulated by classical molecular dynamics to provide knowledge on detailed mechanisms on the inception and extension of eutectic melting. Embedded Atom Method [2] which has been used in many studies associated with atomic behavior of metals is applied. First, melting temperature of solid solution of Cu-Ag binary system is investigated. The analytical result on the dependence of the melting temperature on the atomic fraction of Cu shows good agreement with the experiments. The melting behavior on the interface between two pure Cu and Ag slabs are then simulated. It is shown that the melting temperature at the interface is lowered depending on the local value of the atomic fraction there and is almost identical to that of solid solution with the corresponding atomic fraction.

6

Li, Guidong, Yang Wang, Gang Yin, Yurui Cui, and Qihong Liang. "Investigation of the Self-Priming Process of Self-Priming Pump Under Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Condition." In ASME 2014 4th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2014-21199.

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The self-priming process of self-priming pump is gas-liquid two-phase flow process with complex internal transient flow. The effect of gas-liquid mixing and separating performances will play a crucial role during self-priming process. In order to study the self-priming process and improve the self-priming performance, the model named JETST-100 was selected. Based on Eulerian-Eulerian multiphase flow model, transient numerical simulation of the gas-liquid mixing and separating phenomena on the pump chamber was carried out by using CFX software. The distributions of velocity vector, contours of gas volume fraction and liquid velocity of the pump or jet aerator, and the change of the gas volume fraction by monitoring points on the jet aerator were obtained. Test and simulation results show that the gas-liquid two-phase flow from the guide vane will form a larger velocity circulation, so that the gas-liquid separation is not sufficient. And the volume fraction of liquid inside pump chamber decrease with a large amount of water enters the outlet pipe. It is found that adding the baffle plate can prevent the generation of circulation on guide vane back, the gas-phase volume fraction of jet aerator inlet and nozzle outlet decreases, improve the self-priming performance of the pump.

7

Skovranek, Tomas, and Vladimir Despotovic. "Identification of Systems of Arbitrary Real Order: A New Method Based on Systems of Fractional Order Differential Equations and Orthogonal Distance Fitting." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86726.

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A new method for identification of systems of arbitrary real order based on numerical solution of systems of nonlinear fractional order differential equations (FODEs) and orthogonal distance fitting is presented. The main idea is to fit experimental or measured data using a solution of a system of fractional differential equations. The parameters of these equations, including the orders of derivatives, are subject to optimization process, where the criterion of optimization is the minimal sum of orthogonal distances of the data points from the fitting line. Once the minimal sum is found, the identified parameters are considered as optimal. The so called orthogonal distance fitting, known also under the names of total least squares or orthogonal regression is naturally used in the fitting criterion, since it is the most suitable tool for fitting lines and surfaces in multidimensional space. The examples illustrating the methods are presented in 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional problems.

8

Hu, Wenbo, Jun Zhu, Hang Su, Jingwei Zhuo, and Bo Zhang. "Semi-supervised Max-margin Topic Model with Manifold Posterior Regularization." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/259.

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Supervised topic models leverage label information to learn discriminative latent topic representations. As collecting a fully labeled dataset is often time-consuming, semi-supervised learning is of high interest. In this paper, we present an effective semi-supervised max-margin topic model by naturally introducing manifold posterior regularization to a regularized Bayesian topic model, named LapMedLDA. The model jointly learns latent topics and a related classifier with only a small fraction of labeled documents. To perform the approximate inference, we derive an efficient stochastic gradient MCMC method. Unlike the previous semi-supervised topic models, our model adopts a tight coupling between the generative topic model and the discriminative classifier. Extensive experiments demonstrate that such tight coupling brings significant benefits in quantitative and qualitative performance.

9

Chung, Peter M. Y., Masahiro Kawaji, Akimaro Kawahara, and Yuichi Shibata. "Two-Phase Flow Through Square and Circular Microchannels: Effect of Channel Geometry." In ASME/JSME 2003 4th Joint Fluids Summer Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2003-45377.

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An adiabatic experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of channel geometry on gas-liquid two-phase flow characteristics in microchannels. A mixture of water and nitrogen gas was pumped through a 96 μm × 96 μm square microchannel and the flow pattern, void fraction and pressure drop data were obtained and compared with those previously obtained in a 100 μm circular microchannel. The frictional pressure drop was determined from the measured total pressure drop, and the two-phase flow pattern and void fraction were determined from image analysis of the video recordings. In the square channel, 136 runs were performed over a range of 0.09 ≤ jG,AVG ≤ 62 m/s for the average superficial gas velocity and 0.01 ≤ jL ≤ 4 m/s for the superficial liquid velocity. The frictional pressure drop data showed that the calculations based on a separated–flow model were best at estimating the frictional pressure drop for both microchannels. No particular effect of the channel shape was found for the two-phase frictional pressure drop. The void fraction-to-volumetric quality relationship was also found to be similar for both shapes of microchannels, exhibiting an exponential increase in void fraction with increasing volumetric quality. The empirical correlation that describes the void fraction-to-volumetric quality relationship for the square microchannel was developed earlier from the measured data for the circular microchannel. Observations of the recorded images indicated the two-phase flow patterns to be primarily intermittent with liquid and gas slugs. The liquid film surrounding the gas core displayed a smooth or ring-like structure. The probability of each interfacial structure occurring was examined in detail to develop a novel flow pattern map consisting of four regions named slug-ring flow, ring-slug flow, multiple flow and semiannular flow. Between the square and circular microchannels, the two-phase flow maps exhibited transition boundaries that were shifted depending on the channel shape. The region of ring-slug flow that appears in the circular microchannel collapsed in the square microchannel, possibly due to the suppression of the liquid-ring film in the corners of the square channel.

10

Zhiwei, Lu, Li Yun, Zhang Yongdong, Li Lei, Ma Zhaodandan, and Liu Tong. "Preliminary Study on Thermal Performance of Inert Matrix Disperse Pellet Using FEA Method." In 2018 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone26-82191.

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Based on the tri-isotropic (TRISO) fuel technology of high temperature gas cooled reactor, a new fuel concept for improving the accident tolerance of light water reactor (LWRs) named inert matrix dispersion pellet (IMDP) was proposed. Through the silicon carbide matrix and embedded TRISO fuel particles, the safety of the nuclear fuel could be enhanced. Recently, dummy IMDPs were fabricated by China General Nuclear Power Corporation (CGN) and thermal conductivity was tested. According to the tested data, a FEA model using ABAQUS combined its secondary development function was developed and benchmarked. Several influence factors of the effective thermal conductivity (ETC) of the IMDP were studied by the FEA model, such as burn-up, TRISO packing fraction and temperature. The heat transfer behaviors of IMDP and UO2 under typical normal PWR operating condition were also studied.