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Статті в журналах з теми "Health-heat-related risk":
1
Loughnan, Margaret, Neville Nicholls, and Nigel J. Tapper. "Mapping Heat Health Risks in Urban Areas." International Journal of Population Research 2012 (September 24, 2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/518687.
Анотація:
Periods of extreme heat pose a risk to the health of individuals, especially the elderly, the very young, and the chronically ill. Risk factors include housing characteristics, and socioeconomic factors, or environmental risk factors such as urban heat islands. This study developed an index of population vulnerability in an urban setting using known environmental, demographic, and health-related risk factors for heat stress. The spatial variations in risk factors were correlated with spatial variation in heat-related health outcomes in urban Melbourne. The index was weighted using measured health outcomes during heatwave periods. The index was then mapped to produce a spatial representation of risk. The key risk factors were identified as areas with aged care facilities, higher proportions of older people living alone, living in suburban rather than inner city areas, and areas with larger proportions of people who spoke a language other than English at home. The maps of spatial vulnerability provide information to target heat-related health risks by aiding policy advisors, urban planners, healthcare professionals, and ancillary services to develop heatwave preparedness plans at a local scale.
2
Beckmann, Sabrina, and Michael Hiete. "Predictors Associated with Health-Related Heat Risk Perception of Urban Citizens in Germany." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3 (January 30, 2020): 874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030874.
Анотація:
The rising probability of extremely high temperatures and an increasing number of consecutive hot days caused by climate change—combined with the impact of these high temperatures on human health—is widely discussed in the literature. There are calls for the development of heatwave adaptation measures by governmental and scientific institutions. In this research, the predictors of health-related heat risk perception of urban citizens in Augsburg, Germany, were investigated. An online survey was conducted with 468 citizens, asking about their heat risk perception, knowledge about heat risks, and demographic data and health information. Statistical methods (Spearman correlation, unpaired t-test, ANOVA and multiple regression) were used to determine which factors were significant and relevant. The results show that the knowledge of heat risks, heat risk sensitivity and an external locus of control are the most important factors for heat risk perception. The health implication score and chronic disease show significant effects in descriptive statistics. Furthermore, younger people showed the highest heat risk perception of all age groups. Surprisingly, income, education, living alone and gender did not play a role in heat risk perception. The findings imply a need for better and intensified heat risk communication in urban areas—especially among elderly people—and thus are important for creating acceptance towards heat wave risks, which is a prerequisite of willingness to adapt.
3
Loughnan, Margaret, Nigel Tapper, and Thu Phan. "Identifying Vulnerable Populations in Subtropical Brisbane, Australia: A Guide for Heatwave Preparedness and Health Promotion." ISRN Epidemiology 2014 (February 18, 2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/821759.
Анотація:
Building healthy societies is a key step towards climate resilient communities. Ill health is related to increased risk during heat events and is disproportionally distributed within and between communities. To understand the differences in the spatial distribution of climate related health risks and how this will change in the future we have undertaken a spatiotemporal analysis of heatwave risks in urban populations in Brisbane, Australia. The aim of this was to advise emergency managers and public health authorities of high-risk areas during extreme heat events (EHEs). The spatial distribution of heat related morbidity identified areas of high healthcare service demand during EHEs. An index of risk was developed based on social and environmental determinants of vulnerability. Regression analysis was used to determine the key drivers of heat related morbidity from the index. A weighted map of population vulnerability was produced which identified the high risk areas and provided key information to target public health interventions and heat stress prevention policy. The predicted changes in high risk populations such as the proportion of elderly people living in urban areas were also mapped to support longer term adaptation and develop health care infrastructure and health promotion strategies.
4
Johnson, Daniel P., Jeffrey S. Wilson, and George C. Luber. "Socioeconomic indicators of heat-related health risk supplemented with remotely sensed data." International Journal of Health Geographics 8, no. 1 (2009): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-072x-8-57.
5
Esplin, Emily D., Jennifer R. Marlon, Anthony Leiserowitz, and Peter D. Howe. "“Can You Take the Heat?” Heat-Induced Health Symptoms Are Associated with Protective Behaviors." Weather, Climate, and Society 11, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 401–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-18-0035.1.
Анотація:
Abstract The risks associated with extreme heat are increasing as heat waves become more frequent and severe across larger areas. As people begin to experience heat waves more often and in more places, how will individuals respond? Measuring experience with heat simply as exposure to extreme temperatures may not fully capture how people subjectively experience those temperatures or their varied impacts on human health. These impacts may also influence an individual’s response to heat and motivate risk-reduction behaviors. If subjectively experiencing negative health effects from extreme heat promotes protective actions, these effects could be used alongside temperature exposure to more accurately measure extreme heat experience and inform risk prevention and communication strategies according to local community needs. Using a multilevel regression model, this study analyzes georeferenced national survey data to assess whether Americans’ exposure to extreme heat and experience with its health effects are associated with self-reported protective behaviors. Subjective experience with heat-related health symptoms strongly predicted all reported protective behaviors while measured heat exposure had a much weaker influence. Risk perception was strongly associated with some behaviors. This study focuses particularly on the practice of checking on family, friends, and neighbors during a heat wave, which can be carried out by many people. For this behavior, age, race/ethnicity, gender, and income, along with subjective experience and risk perception, were important predictors. Results suggest that the subjective experience of extreme heat influences health-related behavioral responses and should therefore be considered when designing or improving local heat protection plans.
6
Rogers, Bonnie, Kristin Stiehl, Jennifer Borst, Andrea Hess, and Shauna Hutchins. "Heat-Related Illnesses." AAOHN Journal 55, no. 7 (July 2007): 279–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/216507990705500704.
Анотація:
Heat-related illnesses can occur in workplaces where hot environments pose a threat to at-risk workers. Operations involving high air temperatures and humidity, radiant heat sources, direct physical contact with hot objects, or strenuous physical activities have potential for inducing heat stress in employees engaged in job functions in specific industries. Exposure to high temperatures can lead to a progression of symptoms in the body, which can result in widespread tissue damage, organ damage, and even death if not treated in a timely and effective manner. Strategies to reduce the effects of heat in the workplace include engineering controls, administrative controls, and personal protective equipment. Occupational and environmental health nurses must be able to recognize and treat the broad range of symptoms that can result from exposure to high temperatures. They must work together with interdisciplinary teams to provide training and education to the work force so that workers are able to take appropriate measures to prevent the onset of a heat-related illness, recognize the early symptoms, and seek treatment. Interdisciplinary teams must ensure that appropriate controls in the work environment reduce the risk of heat exposure and related heat stress disorders. Education and early intervention are key to avoiding heat-induced illness and eliminating or minimizing the effects of high temperature environments.
7
Lambrecht, Kathryn, Benjamin J. Hatchett, Kristin VanderMolen, and Bianca Feldkircher. "Identifying community values related to heat: recommendations for forecast and health risk communication." Geoscience Communication 4, no. 4 (December 13, 2021): 517–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gc-4-517-2021.
Анотація:
Abstract. Effective communication of heat risk to public audiences is critical for promoting behavioral changes that reduce susceptibility to heat-related illness. The U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Weather Service (NWS) provides heat-related information to the public using social media platforms such as Facebook. We applied a novel rhetorical framework to evaluate 5 years (2015–2019) of public responses to heat-related Facebook posts from the NWS office in Phoenix (Arizona) to identify “commonplaces” or community norms, beliefs, and values that may present challenges to the effectiveness of heat risk communication. Phoenix is in one of the hottest regions in North America and is the 10th-largest metropolitan area in the U.S. We found the following two key commonplaces: (1) the normalization of heat and (2) heat as a marker of community identity. These commonplaces imply that local audiences may be resistant to behavioral change, but they can also be harnessed in an effort to promote protective action. We also found that public responses to NWS posts declined over the heat season, further suggesting the normalization of heat and highlighting the need to maintain engagement. This work provides a readily generalizable framework for other messengers of high-impact weather events to improve the effectiveness of their communication with receiver audiences.
8
Morefield, Philip, Neal Fann, Anne Grambsch, William Raich, and Christopher Weaver. "Heat-Related Health Impacts under Scenarios of Climate and Population Change." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 11 (November 1, 2018): 2438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112438.
Анотація:
Recent assessments have found that a warming climate, with associated increases in extreme heat events, could profoundly affect human health. This paper describes a new modeling and analysis framework, built around the Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program—Community Edition (BenMAP), for estimating heat-related mortality as a function of changes in key factors that determine the health impacts of extreme heat. This new framework has the flexibility to integrate these factors within health risk assessments, and to sample across the uncertainties in them, to provide a more comprehensive picture of total health risk from climate-driven increases in extreme heat. We illustrate the framework’s potential with an updated set of projected heat-related mortality estimates for the United States. These projections combine downscaled Coupled Modeling Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) climate model simulations for Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP)4.5 and RCP8.5, using the new Locating and Selecting Scenarios Online (LASSO) tool to select the most relevant downscaled climate realizations for the study, with new population projections from EPA’s Integrated Climate and Land Use Scenarios (ICLUS) project. Results suggest that future changes in climate could cause approximately from 3000 to more than 16,000 heat-related deaths nationally on an annual basis. This work demonstrates that uncertainties associated with both future population and future climate strongly influence projected heat-related mortality. This framework can be used to systematically evaluate the sensitivity of projected future heat-related mortality to the key driving factors and major sources of methodological uncertainty inherent in such calculations, improving the scientific foundations of risk-based assessments of climate change and human health.
9
Sun, Qian, Grace Yun, and Ting Ling. "Identifying Heat Health Risks in the Urban Areas of Western Australia (WA) – An Enhanced Heat Vulnerability Assessment." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-356-2019.
Анотація:
<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The impact of heat on health can be more significant in urban areas with more population and where the microclimate is often unintentionally modified to create the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. Extreme heat and UHI pose a risk to the health of vulnerable individuals, such as the elderly, the very young, and those need care. Vulnerability has become a central concept in climate change research and policy. To assess it, many studies have used equal weighted cumulative indices to aggregate multiple factors into a composite HVI (Heat Vulnerability Index) and analyse the differences and intensity across local areas and regions. However, the aggregation and equal weighting rationality, and the disregard of spatial correlation can result in inaccurate explanation on local vulnerabilities.</p><p>This study develops an enhanced index of population heat vulnerability (HVI) in Perth metropolitan area, Western Australia (WA), using environmental, demographic, and health-related risk factors for heat exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capability. Satellite derived urban heat island data and community profiles were integrated by a spatial risk assessment methodology to highlight potential heat health risk areas and build the foundations for mitigation and adaptation plans. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify the key risk factors for heat vulnerability. Geographically weighted regression (GWR) were used to model the spatial relationships between temperature and other contributing factors to produce weights for calculating HVI. The index was finally mapped to produce a spatial representation of risk. The maps of spatial heat health vulnerability provide information to target heat-related health risks by aiding policy advisors, healthcare professionals, and ancillary services to develop heatwave preparedness plans at a local scale.</p>
10
Howe, Peter D., Jennifer R. Marlon, Xinran Wang, and Anthony Leiserowitz. "Public perceptions of the health risks of extreme heat across US states, counties, and neighborhoods." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 14 (March 12, 2019): 6743–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1813145116.
Анотація:
Extreme heat is the leading weather-related cause of death in the United States. Many individuals, however, fail to perceive this risk, which will be exacerbated by global warming. Given that awareness of one’s physical and social vulnerability is a critical precursor to preparedness for extreme weather events, understanding Americans’ perceptions of heat risk and their geographic variability is essential for promoting adaptive behaviors during heat waves. Using a large original survey dataset of 9,217 respondents, we create and validate a model of Americans’ perceived risk to their health from extreme heat in all 50 US states, 3,142 counties, and 72,429 populated census tracts. States in warm climates (e.g., Texas, Nevada, and Hawaii) have some of the highest heat-risk perceptions, yet states in cooler climates often face greater health risks from heat. Likewise, places with older populations who have increased vulnerability to health effects of heat tend to have lower risk perceptions, putting them at even greater risk since lack of awareness is a barrier to adaptive responses. Poorer neighborhoods and those with larger minority populations generally have higher risk perceptions than wealthier neighborhoods with more white residents, consistent with vulnerability differences across these populations. Comprehensive models of extreme weather risks, exposure, and effects should take individual perceptions, which motivate behavior, into account. Understanding risk perceptions at fine spatial scales can also support targeting of communication and education initiatives to where heat adaptation efforts are most needed.
Дисертації з теми "Health-heat-related risk":
1
Odame, Emmanuel A., Ying Li, Shimin Zheng, Ambarish Vaidyanathan, and Ken Silver. "Assessing Heat-Related Mortality Risks among Rural Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Epidemiological Evidence." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6301.
Анотація:
Most epidemiological studies of high temperature effects on mortality have focused on urban settings, while heat-related health risks in rural areas remain underexplored. To date there has been no meta-analysis of epidemiologic literature concerning heat-related mortality in rural settings. This study aims to systematically review the current literature for assessing heat-related mortality risk among rural populations. We conducted a comprehensive literature search using PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar to identify articles published up to April 2018. Key selection criteria included study location, health endpoints, and study design. Fourteen studies conducted in rural areas in seven countries on four continents met the selection criteria, and eleven were included in the meta-analysis. Using the random effects model, the pooled estimates of relative risks (RRs) for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality were 1.030 (95% CI: 1.013, 1.048) and 1.111 (95% CI: 1.045, 1.181) per 1 °C increase in daily mean temperature, respectively. We found excess risks in rural settings not to be smaller than risks in urban settings. Our results suggest that rural populations, like urban populations, are also vulnerable to heat-related mortality. Further evaluation of heat-related mortality among rural populations is warranted to develop public health interventions in rural communities.
2
Machard, Anaïs. "Towards mitigation and adaptation to climate change : Contribution to Building Design." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LAROS020.
Анотація:
Compte tenu de l’augmentation de la fréquence des canicules, il est nécessaire de s’assurer que les bâtiments conçus et construits aujourd’hui seront adaptés aux futures températures plus élevées. Le périmètre de cette thèse consiste à proposer une méthodologie de contribution à la conception des bâtiments considérant à la fois les enjeux d’atténuation (réduction des besoins énergétiques) et d’adaptation (confort thermique estival, réduction du risque sanitaire en période de canicule) au changement climatique. La méthodologie a pour vocation d’être adaptable à différents types de bâtiments et de climats. Dans ce but, nous avons développé des fichiers météorologiques contenant des séquences typiques, ainsi que des vagues de chaleur futures. Par la suite, des méthodes d’analyse de sensibilité et d’optimisation couplées à des simulations thermiques dynamiques du bâtiment ont permis d’évaluer le potentiel de différentes techniques de rafraîchissement passif utilisées pour diminuer la surchauffe d’été en climats futurs. Les résultats de ces travaux de recherche mettent en évidence que les stratégies évaluées sont efficaces pour maintenir un confort thermique estival lors des étés futurs types à Paris et à La Rochelle. Cependant, à Carpentras, pour un été type futur, et pour ces trois villes en périodes de canicules futures récurrentes, les limites de ces solutions sont mises en exergue. En effet, les résultats de l’étude montrent que les occupants sont exposés à la chaleur lors de plusieurs jours consécutifs au-dessus de seuils à la fois diurnes et nocturnes ce qui résulte en un risque sanitaire pour les personnes vulnérables. Ces séquences ne sont pas détectées en utilisant des fichiers futurs types uniquement, ce qui démontre la pertinence de ces travaux. La combinaison d’enveloppes de bâtiments optimisées, de stratégies de rafraîchissement et d’adaptation des occupants se révèle être nécessaire afin d’atténuer le risque sanitaire récurrent auguré pour le milieu du siècle en FranceDue to climate change projecting increased heatwaves occurrence, ensuring that buildings designed and built today will be adapted to future warmer temperatures is essential. The scope of this Ph.D. is to propose a methodological contribution to the design of buildings that both mitigate (minimize yearly energy needs) and adapt (minimize summer indoor overheating, limit health-heat-related risk) to climate change. The methodology can be applied to any building case study in any climate. For this purpose, bias-adjusted weather files containing both present, future typical conditions and future heatwave periods were developed. The potential of different passive cooling mitigation and adaptation strategies to reduce summer indoor overheating is evaluated using these weather files through dynamic thermal simulations, sensitivity analysis and optimization methods. The results of this research work highlight that for the building case study, the evaluated strategies (buffer spaces, thermal mass, roof optical properties, glazing ratio, ventilative cooling) have a strong capacity to enable summer thermal comfort in future typical summers in Paris and in La Rochelle. However, in Carpentras, and under recurring heatwaves in all three cities, the limits of these mitigation and adaptation measures are recognized. In fact, the future heatwaves consistently lead to consecutive days of indoor overheating exposure during both daytime and nighttime for building occupants, leading to a health-heat-related risk especially for the most vulnerable. These sequences are not detected when using only future typical years, which stresses the relevance of this work. Only the combination of optimized building envelopes, ventilative cooling strategies and adaptive opportunities from building occupants (solar control, increased indoor air velocities) have the potential to offset the projected recurring health-heat-related risk, particularly elevated in the South of France
Книги з теми "Health-heat-related risk":
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van der Hoeven, Frank, and Alexander Wandl. Hotterdam: How space is making Rotterdam warmer, how this affects the health of its inhabitants, and what can be done about it. TU Delft Open, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.47982/bookrxiv.1.
Анотація:
Heat waves will occur in Rotterdam with greater frequency in the future. Those affected most will be the elderly – a group that is growing in size. In the light of the Paris heat wave of August 2003 and the one in Rotterdam in July 2006, mortality rates among the elderly in particular are likely to rise in the summer. METHOD The aim of the Hotterdam research project was to gain a better understanding of urban heat. The heat was measured and the surface energy balance modelled from that perspective. Social and physical features of the city we identified in detail with the help of satellite images, GIS and 3D models. We determined the links between urban heat/surface energy balance and the social/physical features of Rotterdam by multivariable regression analysis. The crucial elements of the heat problem were then clustered and illustrated on a social and a physical heat map. RESULTS The research project produced two heat maps, an atlas of underlying data and a set of adaptation measures which, when combined, will make the city of Rotterdam and its inhabitants more aware and less vulnerable to heat wave-related health effects. CONCLUSION In different ways, the pre-war districts of the city (North, South, and West) are warmer and more vulnerable to urban heat than are other areas of Rotterdam. The temperature readings that we carried out confirm these findings as far as outdoor temperatures are concerned. Indoor temperatures vary widely. Homes seem to have their particular dynamics, in which the house’s age plays a role. The above-average mortality of those aged 75 and over during the July 2006 heat wave in Rotterdam can be explained by a) the concentration of people in this age group, b) the age of the homes they live in, and c) the sum of sensible heat and ground heat flux. A diverse mix of impervious surfaces, surface water, foliage, building envelopes and shade make one area or district warmer than another. Adaptation measures are in the hands of residents, homeowners and the local council alike, and relate to changing behaviour, physical measures for homes, and urban design respectively.
2
Climate Change for Health Professionals: A Pocket Book. Organización Panamericana de la Salud, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275121849.
Анотація:
The effects of climate change on human health are unequivocal and can already be perceived worldwide. Phenomena such as heat waves, cold waves, floods, droughts, hurricanes, storms, and other extreme weather events can impact health both directly and indirectly, as well as trigger or exacerbate certain conditions and, consequently, put pressure on health services and their infrastructure. These include vector-borne, waterborne, and foodborne diseases—due to changes in the behavior and distribution of vectors and pathogens—and mental health disorders induced by mounting social unrest and forced displacement. Climate change for health professionals is a pocket book based on empirical data that offers essential information for medical personnel and other health professionals to realize the impacts of climate change on their daily practice. With this quick reference guide, providers can easily recognize diseases and side effects related to climate change, implement appropriate management and provide guidance to exposed populations, provide up-to-date information on the relationship between the adverse effects of certain drugs and the worsening of climate-sensitive health conditions, and determine the possible consequences of climate change for health services. This book addresses key meteorological risks, as well as the health conditions which they may influence, grouped by specific clinical areas. With this publication, the Pan American Health Organization aims to help build knowledge on the subject and strengthen the capacity of health systems to predict, prevent, and prepare, with a view to offering continuous high-quality health services in a world where climate is changing rapidly.
Частини книг з теми "Health-heat-related risk":
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Pantavou, Katerina. "Outdoor Thermal Environment and Heat-Related Symptoms of Pedestrians: An Application of the UTCI for Health Risk Assessment." In Applications of the Universal Thermal Climate Index UTCI in Biometeorology, 137–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76716-7_7.
2
Han, Qinmei, Wei Xu, and Peijun Shi. "Mapping Global Population Exposure to Heatwaves." In Atlas of Global Change Risk of Population and Economic Systems, 95–102. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6691-9_6.
Анотація:
AbstractGlobal warming has become a severe problem worldwide, where the average global temperature has steadily increased over recent decades, accompanied by the abnormally hot weather (IPCC 2013). Since the 1950s, heatwave events have increased in frequency, intensity, and duration and their impact on human health will also increase under enhanced global warming (Perkins-Kirkpatrick and Lewis 2020). Heatwaves have become one of the most serious climate events in the world. Thousands of people have died from exposing to heatwaves in recent years, for instance, the European heatwave of 2003 induced more than 70,000 additional deaths (Robine et al. 2008). Heat-related mortality and morbidity are not only attributed to natural hazards resulting from climate change (Seneviratne et al. 2012). Both climatic factors and socioeconomic factors such as population change and vulnerability of people exposed to heatwaves have impact on the number of deaths caused by heatwaves. Thus, a comprehensive and quantitative assessment of heatwave exposure is conducive to taking targeted measures to reduce the risk in hotspot regions of the world.
3
Horváthová, Jarmila, and Martina Mokrišová. "Risk of Business Bankruptcy." In Handbook of Research on New Challenges and Global Outlooks in Financial Risk Management, 148–77. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8609-9.ch008.
Анотація:
Recently, the demand of business owners to ensure the sustainability of their businesses has come to the fore. It results in a focus on identifying the risks of businesses' financial failure. Several prediction models can be applied in a given area. Which of these models is most suitable for Slovak companies? The aim of this chapter was to point out the possibility of applying the DEA method in measuring the financial health of companies and predicting the risk of their possible bankruptcy. The research was carried out on a sample of companies operating in the field of heat supply. The indicators were selected using related empirical studies, a univariate Logit model, and a correlation matrix. In this chapter, two main models were applied: the DEA model and the Logit model. The main conclusion of the paper is that the DEA method is a suitable alternative in assessing businesses' financial health.
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Ngwenya, Bigboy, Jacques Oosthuizen, Martyn Cross, Kwasi Frimpong, and Cynthia Nombulelo Chaibva. "A Review of Heat Stress Policies in the Context of Climate Change and Its Impacts on Outdoor Workers." In Research Anthology on Changing Dynamics of Diversity and Safety in the Workforce, 2055–67. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-2405-6.ch103.
Анотація:
Record-breaking summer heat events are increasing in frequency in Zimbabwe and 2016 was a particularly hot year with the country experiencing its worst heat wave event in decades. Currently, Zimbabwe has no coordinated public health response to deal with heat wave events and no specific data on heat-related morbidity and mortality. The country has no legislation for protecting workers against environmental heat exposure, particularly those most vulnerable who are employed in the informal sector. These workers are also at risk due to their outdoor work environments. The article outlines the state of climate and heat stresses in Zimbabwe, as benchmarked against other African countries and France. It further summarizes outdoor workers' susceptibility to heat exposure and the need for the Zimbabwean Government to develop policies to ensure the health and safety of an increasing population of outdoor workers in Zimbabwe.
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Ngwenya, Bigboy, Jacques Oosthuizen, Martyn Cross, Kwasi Frimpong, and Cynthia Nombulelo Chaibva. "A Review of Heat Stress Policies in the Context of Climate Change and Its Impacts on Outdoor Workers." In Research Anthology on Environmental and Societal Impacts of Climate Change, 1710–22. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-3686-8.ch084.
Анотація:
Record-breaking summer heat events are increasing in frequency in Zimbabwe and 2016 was a particularly hot year with the country experiencing its worst heat wave event in decades. Currently, Zimbabwe has no coordinated public health response to deal with heat wave events and no specific data on heat-related morbidity and mortality. The country has no legislation for protecting workers against environmental heat exposure, particularly those most vulnerable who are employed in the informal sector. These workers are also at risk due to their outdoor work environments. The article outlines the state of climate and heat stresses in Zimbabwe, as benchmarked against other African countries and France. It further summarizes outdoor workers' susceptibility to heat exposure and the need for the Zimbabwean Government to develop policies to ensure the health and safety of an increasing population of outdoor workers in Zimbabwe.
6
Chan, Emily Ying Yang. "Climate Change and Health." In Essentials for Health Protection, 21–62. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198835479.003.0003.
Анотація:
Climate change poses one of the biggest threats to public health in the twenty-first century. Climate-related disasters include extreme temperature events, extreme precipitation, sea-level rise, flooding, and drought. According to estimates by the World Health Organization, climate change may lead to an annual death rate of 250,000 between 2030 and 2050. The direct health impact of climate change includes mortality and morbidity associated with extreme temperature (e.g. heat stroke) and changing patterns of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, as a result of more frequent and severe extreme temperature events. Climate change also has indirect health impacts by facilitating the breeding of mosquitoes to spread vector-borne diseases such as malaria and dengue fever, reducing access to clean water and food supplies resulted from drought or flood, and leading to forced migration associated with the loss of economic livelihood of communities. Adaptation and mitigation are the two main approaches adopted to alleviate and manage the health risks of climate change to achieve climate-resilient pathways for sustainable development.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Health-heat-related risk":
1
Keramitsoglou, Iphigenia, Chris T. Kiranoudis, and Panagiotis Sismanidis. "Real-time appraisal of the spatially distributed heat related health risk and energy demand of cities." In Fourth International Conference on Remote Sensing and Geoinformation of the Environment, edited by Kyriacos Themistocleous, Diofantos G. Hadjimitsis, Silas Michaelides, and Giorgos Papadavid. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2240390.
2
Wong, Kaufui V., Andrew Paddon, and Alfredo Jimenez. "Heat Island Effect Aggravates Mortality." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-62785.
Анотація:
Cases of death during heat waves are most commonly due to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, with the main contribution from the negative effect of heat on the cardiovascular system. In an attempt to control the body temperature, the body’s natural instinct is to circulate large quantities of blood to the skin. However while trying to protect itself from overheating, the body actually harms itself by inducing extra strain on the heart. This excess strain has the potential to trigger a cardiac event in those with chronic health problems, such as the elderly. Those in the U.S.A. between the ages of 65 and 74 are at a higher risk of mortality during heat waves when they are single, have a history of chronic pulmonary disease, or suffer from a psychiatric disorder. In the older group, 75+, single people are again more vulnerable as well as women. The relationship of mortality and temperature creates a J-shaped function, showing a steeper slope at higher temperatures. Records show that more casualties have resulted from heat waves than hurricanes, floods, and tornadoes together. The significance of this is that the U.S. suffers the highest damage total from natural catastrophes annually. Studies held from 1989–2000 in 50 U.S. cities recorded 1.6% more deaths during cold temperature events, as opposed to a staggering 5.7% increase during heat waves. People are at risk when living in large metropolitan areas, especially those mentioned above, due to the heat island effect. Urban areas suffer heat increases from the combination of global warming effects as well as localized heat island properties. It is flawed to claim that the contribution of anthropogenic heat generation to the heat island effect is small. Analyzing the trend of extreme heat events (EHEs) between 1956 and 2005 showed an increase on average of 0.20 days/year, on a 95% confidence interval with uncertainty of ±0.6. This trend follows the recorded data for 2005 with 10 more heat events per city than in 1956. Compact cities experience an average of 5.6 days of extreme heat conditions annually, compared to that of 14.8 for sprawling cities. The regional climate, city populace, or pace of population growth however does not affect this effect. Statistics from the U.S. Census state that the U.S. population without air conditioning saw a drop of 32% from 1978 to 2005, resting at 15%. Despite the increase in air conditioning use, the positive affects of it may have run their course as a critical point may have been reached. A study done by Kalkstein through 2007 proved that the shielding effects of air conditioning reached their terminal effect in the mid-1990s. Heat-related illnesses and mortality rates have slightly decreased since 1980, regardless of the increase in temperatures. This may be in part to the increase in availability of air conditioning, and other protective measures, to the public. Protective factors have mitigated the danger of heat on those vulnerable to it, however projecting forward the heat increment related to sprawl may exceed physiologic adaptation thresholds.
3
Horie, S., N. Gommori, S. Tabuchi, J. Inoue, and S. Kawanami. "841 People at elevated risk of developing heat-related illness at workplace: a case-control study." In 32nd Triennial Congress of the International Commission on Occupational Health (ICOH), Dublin, Ireland, 29th April to 4th May 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2018-icohabstracts.1429.
Звіти організацій з теми "Health-heat-related risk":
1
Dahl, Kristina, and Rachel Licker. Too Hot to Work: Assessing the Threats Climate Change Poses to Outdoor Workers. Union of Concerned Scientists, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47923/2021.14236.
Анотація:
Outdoor workers face severe risks from extreme heat—risks that will increasingly threaten the health and livelihood of tens of millions of outdoor workers in the United States as climate change makes dangerously hot days more frequent and intense. With economic and legal systems that routinely discount their lives and safety, workers who experience heat-related injuries or illnesses on the job have little to no recourse. By midcentury, with no action to reduce global warming emissions, an estimated $37.1 billion in outdoor workers’ earnings would be at risk annually due to extreme heat. Even with bold action to limit emissions, outdoor workers will face severe and rising risks from extreme heat. Policymakers and employers must take actions to protect outdoor workers.