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1

Ristic, Slavica, Suzana Polic, Bojana Radojkovic, and Joakim Striber. "Analysis of ceramics surface modification induced by pulsed laser treatment." Processing and Application of Ceramics 8, no. 1 (2014): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pac1401015r.

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This paper presents the effects of laser light irradiation on the surface of ceramics dating from archaeological site Stubline (Obrenovac, Belgrade), Serbia. Two different pulsed lasers: TEA CO2 (10.6 ?m wavelength, pulse duration tp = 100 ns) and Nd:YAG (wavelengths 1064 nm and 532 nm, tp = 150 ps) have been used for surfaces treatment. Laser irradiation fluence was in the range of 1-20 J/cm2. Ceramics surface modifications induced by pulsed laser treatment were examined by scanning electron microscope, SEM, and the composition with energy dispersive X-ray, EDX, analysis. The tests were performed in order to obtain as much as possible information about the appropriate choice of materials and techniques for the further conservation and restoration of these items. The second objective was to determine the surface modifications induced by pulsed laser treatment above damage threshold (a safe cleaning laser fluence), as an important parameter in the use of lasers for the cleaning of cultural ceramic items.
2

HONDA, RYO, MASAYOSHI MIZUTANI, HITOSHI OHMORI, and JUN KOMOTORI. "BIOCOMPATIBILITY EVALUATION OF NANOSECOND LASER TREATED TITANIUM SURFACES." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 06 (January 2012): 682–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194512003972.

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We developed surface modification technologies for dental implants in this study. The study contributes to shortening the time required for adhesion between alveolar bone and fixtures which consist of dental implants. A Nd : YVO 4 nanosecond laser was used to modify the surfaces of commercially pure titanium (CP Ti ) disks, and their biocompatibility was evaluated cytocompatibility and bioactivity. First, rows of 200 µm spaced rectilinear laser treatments were performed on surfaces of CP Ti disks. Osteoblasts derived from rat mesenchymal stem cells were then cultured on the treated surfaces. Cytocompatibility on the laser treated area was evaluated by observing adhesion behavior of cells on these surfaces. The results indicated that the micro-order structure formed by the laser treatment promoted adhesion of osteoblasts and that traces of laser treatment without microstucture didn't affect the adhesion. Second, surfaces of CP Ti disks were completely covered by traces of laser treatment, which created complex microstructures of titania whose crystal structure is rutile and anatase. This phenomenon allowed the creation of hydroxyapatite on the surface of the disks in 1.5-times simulated body fluid (1.5SBF) while no hydroxyapatite was observed on conventional polished surfaces in the same conditions. This result indicates that bioactivity was enabled on CP Ti by the laser treatment. From these two results, laser treatment for CP Ti surfaces is an effective method for enhancing adhesion of osteoblasts and promoting bioactivity, which are highly appreciated properties for dental implants.
3

Aronov, V., and M. Benetatos. "Wear Resistance of Laser Treated Partially Stabilized Zirconia." Journal of Tribology 111, no. 2 (April 1, 1989): 372–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3261926.

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The laser beam treatment of magnesia partially stabilized zirconia (Mg-PSZ) sample surfaces has shown a considerable improvement in their wear resistance and surface hardness. The laser beam treated surfaces exhibited higher wear resistance than either ground untreated or ground and laser treated ceramic surfaces. There are optimum combination of the laser treatment process parameters (laser power and exposure characteristics) that resulted in the minimum wear rate or the maximum surface hardness. There was no correlation found between the wear rate and the surface hardness. There were two wear mechanisms operational, namely, surface fracture and surface polishing. The treatment of the ceramic surfaces reduced the fracture component of the wear rate. The laser treatment effect on the polishing process was not detected. The increase in the wear resistance and the surface hardness of the laser beam treated surfaces were due to the thermally induced phase transformations resulted in the formation of the compressive stress field on the surface and altering the surface structure.
4

Dodiuk, H., A. Buchman, S. Kenig, M. Rotel, J. Zahavi, and T. J. Reinhart. "Preadhesion Laser Treatment of Aluminum Surfaces." Journal of Adhesion 41, no. 1-4 (June 1993): 93–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00218469308026556.

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5

Scarano, Antonio, Francesca Postiglione, Ahmad G. A. Khater, Faez Saleh Al-Hamed, and Felice Lorusso. "A Novel Technique to Increase the Thickness of TiO₂ of Dental Implants by Nd: DPSS Q-sw Laser Treatment." Materials 13, no. 18 (September 20, 2020): 4178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13184178.

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High bone–implant contact is a crucial factor in the achievement of osseointegration and long time clinical success of dental implants. Micro, nano, microtopography, and oxide layer of dental implants influence tissue response. The lasers were used for achieving an implant surface with homogeneous micro texturing and uncontaminated surface. The present study aimed to characterize the implant surfaces treated by Nd: DPSS Q-sw Laser treatment compared to machined implants. A total of 10 machined implants and 10 lasered surface implants were evaluated in this study. The implant surfaces were evaluated by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES), and metallography to characterize and measure the thickness of the oxide layer on the implant titanium surface. The machined surfaces showed a non-homogeneous oxide layer ranging between 20 and 30 nm. The lasered implant surfaces showed a homogeneous oxide layer ranging between 400 nm and 460 nm in the area of the laser holes, while outside the layer, thickness ranged between 200 nm and 400 nm without microcracks or evidence of damage. Another exciting result after this laser treatment is a topographically controlled, repeatable, homogeneous, and clean surface. This technique can obtain the implant surface without leaving residues of foreign substances on it. The study results indicate that the use of Nd: DPSS Q-sw laser produces a predictable and reproducible treatment able to improve the titanium oxide layer on the dental implant surface.
6

Yilbas, Bekir S., Ihsan-ul-Haq Toor, and Jahanzaib Malik. "Laser surface treatment of aluminum composite: surface characteristics." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 23, no. 5 (September 1, 2016): 495–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2014-0108.

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AbstractLaser treatment of an aluminum composite surface was carried out to improve tribological properties and corrosion resistance at the surface. The workpiece consists of 15% SiC and pure aluminum, and it is produced by hot pressing. The characteristics of the laser-treated surface were examined using optical and scanning electron microscopes, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, a micro-tribometer, and a potentiostat. Laser treatment was carried out by following a spiral scanning track at the surface. This provides a self-annealing effect of the lately formed laser tracks on the initially formed tracks while lowering the cooling rates at the surface. It was found that laser-treated surfaces are free from asperities such as large-scale cracks and voids. Laser treatment improves the hardness of the surface because of the dense layer formation in the surface region. The friction coefficient of the laser-treated surface attains lower values than that corresponding to the untreated surface. Laser treatment improves the corrosion resistance of the surface.
7

Yao, Wan-Ling, Jerry Chin Yi Lin, Eisner Salamanca, Yu-Hwa Pan, Pei-Yo Tsai, Sy-Jye Leu, Kai-Chiang Yang, Haw-Ming Huang, Huei-Yu Huang, and Wei-Jen Chang. "Er,Cr:YSGG Laser Performance Improves Biological Response on Titanium Surfaces." Materials 13, no. 3 (February 7, 2020): 756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13030756.

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Porphyromonas gingivalis infection is one of the causes of implant failures, which can lead to peri-implantitis. Implant surface roughness is reportedly related strongly to P. gingivalis adhesion, which can lead to peri-implantitis and, later, cell adhesion. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of Er,Cr:YSGG laser on titanium (Ti) disc surfaces and its interaction with bacterial adhesion and fibroblast viability. Ti discs underwent two treatments: autoclaving (control) and erbium, chromium-doped yttrium scandium gallium garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser treatment (test). Ti disc surfaces were examined with scanning electronic microscope (SEM), Energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The surface roughness same as wettability were also investigated. Fibroblast viability was assessed with the water-soluble tetrazolium 1 (WST-1) test, and osteoblast differentiation was assessed with the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay. Bacterial structure and colony formation were detected with scanning electron microscopy and Gram stain. In comparison to control discs, the test discs showed smoother surfaces, with 0.25-µm decrease in surface roughness (p < 0.05); lower P. gingivalis adhesion (p < 0.01); less P. gingivalis colonization (p < 0.05); and increased fibroblast viability and osteoblast differentiation (p < 0.05). Er,Cr:YSGG laser treatment improved disc surfaces by making them slightly smoother, which reduced P. gingivalis adhesion and increased fibroblast viability and osteoblast differentiation. Er,Cr:YSGG laser treatment can be considered a good option for managing peri-implantitis. Further investigations of laser-assisted therapy are necessary for better guidelines in the treatment of peri-implantitis.
8

Ho, Mei Po, Hon Wah Wai, Wai Yin Tam, and Michael Leung. "The Effect of Laser Treatment on the Secondary Bonding Behavior of Carbon Fibre Composite." Key Engineering Materials 845 (May 2020): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.845.27.

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Joining carbon fibre reinforced composites with adhesive are widely used in various applications including aircraft structures and commercialized leisure products. However, surface contaminations hinder the adhesion of the bonding. Laser based surface treatment on bonding surface is suggested to improve the adhesion on the surfaces for secondary bonding. In this paper, single lap shear tests of the samples show that the laser pre-treated samples lead to the higher joint strength then acetone cleaned reference samples and surface sanded samples. The failure mode changed from adhesion failure in the reference sample to cohesion mode in the laser treated samples. The structure, topography and morphology of the composite surfaces which were pre-treated with laser radiation were observed. A correlation between surface properties and adhesive bonding strength was investigated. It should be noted that the variation of the pulse frequency level of the laser treatment contributed to the fibre breakage and the epoxy removal level of the sample surfaces.
9

Alnusirat, Walid, Maksym Kyrychok, Stefano Bellucci, and Iaroslav Gnilitskyi. "Impact of Ultrashort Laser Nanostructuring on Friction Properties of AISI 314 LVC." Symmetry 13, no. 6 (June 10, 2021): 1049. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13061049.

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Laser irradiation yields a powerful tool to modify the symmetry and asymmetry features of materials surfaces. In this paper, femtosecond laser-induced periodic surface structures were applied on stainless steel AISI 314, specially hardened by a low-vacuum carburizing procedure. Symmetry modifications in the surface’s morphology and chemistry before and after the laser treatment were investigated by SEM and EDS, respectively. Coefficient of friction (COF) was observed in dry sliding condition by using block-on-ring sliding test. The results show that COF values are substantially lower after laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) surface treatment.
10

Liang, Shanshan, Hongqiang Ye, and Fusong Yuan. "Changes in Crystal Phase, Morphology, and Flexural Strength of As-Sintered Translucent Monolithic Zirconia Ceramic Modified by Femtosecond Laser." Applied Sciences 11, no. 15 (July 28, 2021): 6925. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11156925.

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Conventional bonding technology suitable for silica-based ceramics is not applicable to zirconia, due to its polycrystalline phase composition, chemical stability, and acid corrosion resistance. The development of an effective treatment to improve its surface roughness and mechanical properties remains an unresolved problem. Therefore, to solve this problem, this in vitro study evaluated the changes in surface morphology and flexural strength of translucent monolithic zirconia surfaces treated with femtosecond laser technology. As-sintered translucent zirconia specimens were subjected to airborne particle abrasion and femtosecond laser treatments, while control group specimens received no treatment. After treatment, the roughness and morphology of the treated zirconia surfaces were examined. The flexural strength and X-ray diffraction of the treated specimens were measured and analyzed. Statistical inferential analysis included one-way analysis of variance at a set significance level of 5%. The surface roughness after femtosecond laser treatment was significantly improved when compared with the control group and the group that received the airborne particle abrasion treatment (p < 0.05). In comparison with the airborne particle abrasion group, the flexural strength of the group that received the femtosecond laser treatment was significantly improved (p < 0.05). The femtosecond laser approach using appropriate parameters enhanced the roughness of the zirconia without reducing its flexural strength; therefore, this approach offers potential for the treatment of zirconia surfaces.
11

Petutschnigg, Alexander, Michael Stöckler, Florian Steinwendner, Julian Schnepps, Herwig Gütler, Johann Blinzer, Helmut Holzer, and Thomas Schnabel. "Laser Treatment of Wood Surfaces for Ski Cores: An Experimental Parameter Study." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/123085.

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Recently, the production of skis with wooden cores has increased due to changes in customer awareness concerning ecological issues and rising raw material costs for mineral oil resources. The preparation of ski surfaces is one of the main expense factors in the production of skis. Thus, one perspective of the AMER SPORTS CORPORATION is to treat wood surfaces with laser beams to develop new aesthetic possibilities in ski design. This study deals with different laser treatments for samples from various wood species: beech, ash, lime, and spruce. The parameters investigated are laser beam intensity and number of laser points on the surface. To evaluate the aesthetic changes, the CIELab color measurements were applied. Changes in the main wood components were observed by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) using an ATR (attenuated total reflectance) unit. The results show that the laser treatments on wood surfaces have an influence on wood color and the chemical composition. Especially the intensity of laser beams affects the color changes in different patterns for the parameters observed. These findings will be useful to develop innovative design possibilities of wood surfaces for ski cores as well as for further product design applications (e.g., mass customization).
12

Doubenskaia, M., Ph Bertrand, and I. Smurov. "Pyrometry in laser surface treatment." Surface and Coatings Technology 201, no. 5 (October 2006): 1955–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.04.060.

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13

Kosec, Tadeja, Andraž Legat, Janez Kovač, and Damjan Klobčar. "Influence of Laser Colour Marking on the Corrosion Properties of Low Alloyed Ti." Coatings 9, no. 6 (June 9, 2019): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9060375.

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In the field of surface treatment, laser colour marking can be used to produce coloured marks on the surfaces of metals. Laser colour markings can be applied to various materials, but on titanium alloys a wide spectra of vivid colours can be achieved. This study presents an analysis of the corrosion properties of laser treated surfaces that were exposed to aggressive environments. Different samples were prepared with laser light of various power intensities and processing speeds. The samples were prepared on low alloyed Ti. Electrochemical, spectroscopic and microstructural analyses were conducted in order to study the properties of the laser treated surfaces. Corrosion testing showed different effects of laser power and production speed on the properties of the laser treated surfaces. It was shown that a high intensity and slow processing rate affect the surfaces by forming oxides that are relatively stable in a corrosive environment of 0.1 M NaCl. Spectroscopic investigations including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses showed the differences in chemical structure of the surface layer formed after laser treatment. Similarly, microstructural investigations showed different effects on the surface and sub-surface layer of the laser treated samples.
14

Svéda, Mária, Dóra Janovszky, Kinga Tomolya, Jenő Sólyom, Zoltán Kálazi, Gábor Buza, and András Roósz. "Ni Content Surface Layer Produced by Laser Surface Treatment on Amorphisable Cu Base Alloy." Materials Science Forum 649 (May 2010): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.649.101.

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The aim of our research was to comparatively examine Ni content surface layers on amorphisable Cu base alloy produced by different laser surface treatments. Laser surface treatment (LST) techniques, such as laser surface melting, laser alloying and laser cladding, provide a wide range of interesting solutions for the production of wear and corrosion resistant surfaces. [1,2] With LST techniques, the surface can be: i) coated with a layer of another material by laser cladding, ii) the composition of the matrix can be modified by laser alloying. [3] Two kinds of laser surface treatment technologies were used. In the case of coating-melting technology a Ni content surface layer was first developed by galvanization, and then the Ni content layer was melted together with the matrix. In the case of powder blowing technology Ni3Al powder was blown into the layer melted by laser beam and Argon gas. LST was performed using an impulse mode Nd:YAG laser. The laser power and the interaction time were 2 kW and 20÷60 ms. The characterization of the surface layer microstructure was performed by XRD, scanning electron microscopy and microhardness measurements.
15

Fatemeh Rezaei, Atefeh Nemati-Karimooy, and Horieh Moosavi. "Does surface treatment of demineralized dentin impact on shear bond strength?" World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 6, no. 2 (May 30, 2021): 023–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2021.6.2.0045.

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Aim: This study investigated the effect of various surface treatments on the bond strength of a universal adhesive to demineralized dentin. Materials and Methods: Human dentin surfaces of forty-eight carries-free maxillary premolars were prepared and demineralized by acidic solutions. Teeth were randomly distributed into four groups (n=12) getting different surface treatments. Three minutes application of a CPP‑ACP (group 1), Er: YAG laser irradiation (group 2), Er: YAG laser irradiation combined with three minutes application of CPP‑ACP (group 3), no treatment (group 4). Thereafter composite tube (Filtek TM Ultimate, 3M ESPE) bonded to the testing surfaces via universal adhesive; Single Bond Universal and the Shear Bond Strength (SBS) measured. Data were analyzed utilizing ANOVA and Tukey tests (P<0.05). Results: Only application of CPP-ACP and Er: YAG laser radiation, resulted in the highest and lowest SBS respectively (p<0.001). Bond strength after irradiation of Er: YAG laser combined with three minutes application of CPP‑ACP was a little more than laser alone. Conclusion: The application of CPP-ACP could increase the SBS of universal adhesives used to demineralized dentin. Laser irradiation application has an adverse effect on SBS.
16

Sabnis, Shweta, GV Gayathri, Khyati K. Chandra, and Dhoom S. Mehta. "Comparison of Adhesion of Blood Components on Root Surfaces treated with Citric Acid, Nd:YAG, Er:YAG, and CO2 Lasers: An in vitro Analysis." International Journal of Laser Dentistry 6, no. 1 (2016): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10022-1081.

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ABSTRACT Objectives Erstwhile studies have emphasized the importance of establishing a secure fibrin linkage between the tooth-soft tissue interface for formation of a new connective attachment. Thus, periodontal regeneration is reliant on the constant adhesion, maturation and absorption of fibrin clots to the root surfaces which are compromised periodontally. Improved fibrin clot formation and blood cell attachment is being aimed by modification of the root surfaces with different agents. Limited studies have evaluated the attachment of blood cell component on various laser treated root surfaces individually. Hence, the aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the adhesion of blood components on the root surfaces treated with citric acid, Nd:YAG, Er:YAG and CO2 lasers by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Materials and methods The proposed study was conducted on 35 root specimens (5 × 5 × 1 mm) obtained from extracted periodontally compromised permanent teeth. The root specimens were randomly divided in five groups depending upon the type of treatment rendered. Group I: Untreated control group, group II: Citric acid (pH:1), group III: Nd:YAG laser (112.5 m J/pulse), group IV: CO2 laser (12.5 J/cm2), group V: Er:YAG laser (120 m J). Following the respective treatments, fresh human whole peripheral blood obtained from a healthy donor was applied to the external surface of all root specimens. The specimens were then analysed and scored for the adhesion of the blood components with photomicrographs of SEM. Results Statistically significant increase in the adhesion of blood components was seen in all the test groups compared to control group both citric acid and Er:YAG laser showed higher adhesion of blood cells to the root surface than the Nd:YAG laser and CO2 laser. Conclusion Er:YAG laser enhanced the adhesion of blood components over the treated root surfaces. Hence, it can be safely used as a root bio-modifier ensuring stable fibrin linkage to promote periodontal regeneration. How to cite this article Sabnis S, Gayathri GV, Chandra KK, Mehta DS. Comparison of Adhesion of Blood Components on Root Surfaces treated with Citric Acid, Nd:YAG, Er:YAG, and CO2 Lasers: An in vitro Analysis. Int J Laser Dent 2016;6(1):18-23.
17

Montealegre, Maria Angeles, Beñat Arejita, Piera Alvarez, Carlos Laorden, and Javier Diaz-Rozo. "Control Quality on Process of Laser Heat Treatment." Materials Science Forum 941 (December 2018): 1860–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.941.1860.

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Laser surface hardening, is a process in which a shaped laser beam is scanned across the surface to produce a hard and wear-resistant surface on components. Compared with the conventional surface hardening process, the laser heat treatment offers a number of attractive characteristics such as minimal part distortion, self-quenching and the need for less finishing work. The challenge of laser hardening is the uneven surfaces found in molds such as those with sharp edges or holes. In these cases, due to the differences in the surrounding volume of the material, overheating problems often appear leading to unacceptable treatment results. The purpose of this paper is to present the new technology, “raio” developed by Talens System for laser hardening process. This technology is able to adapt to geometrical singularities of the components to be treated, ensuring the dimensions of the hardened area and hardness values are compliant with the requirements. The main features of the technology for laser hardening are validated on a set of samples of 1.2738 steel with representative discontinuities of molds. Mechanical and microstructural characterizations of the hardened cross sections confirm the advantages of the raio technology in regard to the quality compliance of the laser hardening process. Furthermore, raio offers the same advantages for other laser processes, like softening of critical area or laser cladding for repairing of damaged components.
18

Hlinka, József, and Zoltán Weltsch. "Analysis of Laser Treated Copper Surfaces." Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering 47, no. 2 (February 22, 2018): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/pptr.11561.

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The effect of laser treatment on copper irradiated by a Nd:YAG laser was investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). Wettability measurements were taken previously on the laser treated samples and the results showed interesting changes. In this paper the surfaces of the copper samples were analyzed with optical microscopy, SEM, XPS and AES in four laser power parameter. The SEM observations demonstrate that in this laser beam power range the level of surface modification is not affected by the laser power. According to the XPS and AES results we can say that the measurements do not show exact connections between the oxidation state and the wettability of the laser treated surface.
19

Porshyn, V., P. Serbun, H. Bürger, S. Soykarci, and D. Lützenkirchen-Hecht. "Laser treatment of niobium surfaces for SRF applications." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1067 (September 2018): 082011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1067/8/082011.

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20

Osvay, K., I. Képíró, and O. Berkesi. "Laser treatment of white China surface." Applied Surface Science 252, no. 13 (April 2006): 4516–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2005.07.127.

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21

Buza, Gábor, Zoltán Kálazi, Erika Kálmán, and Jenő Sólyom. "Superficial Remelting of Cast Iron by Laser Radiation." Materials Science Forum 473-474 (January 2005): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.473-474.45.

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A rarely applied technology of surface modifications is the remelting of surfaces by a laser beam. This is so because in the case of laser remelting of surfaces, similarly to other processes used in production, such a competitive alternative surface modification technology is searched for in which the value in use of the component with new properties created by the new procedure is in proportion with the costs and time requirement needed for its production. According to such a point of view, a laser remelting of a surface is in general not worth applying this expensive technology, since the change, the improvement in the properties as a result of remelting is not sufficiently large. However, the laser remelting of cast iron surfaces represents a specific case, since the nature of the surface of this relatively cheap (as compared to cast steel) material of advantageous properties can be changed significantly by this technology. In addition, by the treatment with laser beam, an extraordinarily particular material structure unknown in mass production can be developed. This is why we turned our attention to the specificities and properties of this structure formed during laser beam treatment of cast iron surfaces.
22

Silberman, Jaime, Marcos Vargas, and Gerald Denehy. "SEM comparison between dentin surfaces etched with acid agents and dentin surfaces irradiated with laser." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 51 (August 1, 1993): 412–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100147892.

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Preliminary research has indicated that laser etching may create a roughened dentin surface similar to that produced by enamel acid etching. Localized melting and recrystallization produce fungiform projections on dentinal surfaces. Consequently, this surface may present potential for bonding composite resin restorations. The purpose of this investigation was to compare using SEM and dentin topography that results from both acid etching and laser treatment, and also make comparisons between the effectiveness of various laser exposure parameters. In addition, a shear bond strength pilot study was done to corroborate the SEM results.Forty-two molars were collected and randomly divided into six groups. Dentin surfaces were prepared by horizontal section through the middle third of the teeth crown and finished with 600-grit paper. Five of the groups were laser treated with LX-20 CO2 surgical laser. The dentin treatments of each group were as follows: Group #1: Dentin etched with 10% Maleic Acid, Group #2: Dentin irradiated with CO2 laser at 2W mode 5, Group #3: Dentin etched with 10% Maleic acid and 3W mode 5 and then etched with 10% Maleic acid, Group #5: Dentin irradiated at 3W mode 7, Group #6: Dentin irradiated at 3W mode 9.
23

Gleb V, Martynov, Aleksey I. Makarov, Elena A. Morina, and Daria E. Monastyreva. "Stress-strain state of friction joints with laser treatment of contact surfaces." Vestnik MGSU, no. 1 (January 2019): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2019.1.72-82.

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Introduction. Researched is conducted to determine the possibility of using an alternative method - laser cleaning. Laser systems have proven themselves in many areas and are a high-tech and effective solution for many construction problems. Despite this nowadays sandblasting is the most common method of processing contact surfaces of high-strength bolted joints - an outdated technology, with high equipment wear and even dangerous to people’s health. Materials and methods. Sandblast and laser-treated specimens were tested for shear. Before testing, the roughness of the contact surfaces and the tension force of high-strength bolts were tested. During the test, the readings of the meter and dial-indicator were taken. The experiments were carried out on a hydraulic press IPS-500, the samples were provided in a processed form. Results. According to the data obtained, strain graphs were plotted and the shear forces of the samples were calculated. Calculated efforts were compared with standard values. The results show the compliance of samples with the requirements of SP 35.13330.2016 “Bridges and pipes” in terms of strength characteristics. Samples with laser surface cleaning have a safety margin value similar to sandblasted samples. Conclusions. Comparison of the strength characteristics proves the possibility of using laser cleaning of the contact surfaces of friction joints. After the transition from outdated technologies, the process of surface preparation can be made economical and environmentally friendly. The obtained values and data can be entered into a number of regulatory documents, including SP 35.13330.2016 “Bridges and pipes” for future research and the widespread application of the method.
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Kiisk, Valter, Tauno Kahro, Jekaterina Kozlova, Leonard Matisen, and Harry Alles. "Nanosecond laser treatment of graphene." Applied Surface Science 276 (July 2013): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.03.047.

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25

Mizutani, Masayoshi, Ryo Honda, Yuta Kurashina, Jun Komotori, and Hitoshi Ohmori. "Improved Cytocompatibility of Nanosecond-Pulsed Laser-Treated Commercially Pure Ti Surfaces." International Journal of Automation Technology 8, no. 1 (January 5, 2014): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2014.p0102.

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In this study, we developed a surface modification technology for implants using commercially pure (cp) Ti. The technology used in this study leads to reduction in the time required for adhesion between bone and surfaces of implants. The existence ofmicroasperities and oxide layers is important to induce calcium phosphate precipitation and bone formation activity of osteoblasts. In addition, we focused on nanosecondpulsed laser treatment as a method to create both microasperities and oxide layers. First, we observed surface morphologies formed by laser treatment. An oxide layer with high oxygen concentration and microasperities on the order of 10 nm to 10 µm were produced. Moreover, the OH groups were created on the laser-treated surface. Second, by culturing osteoblasts on the laser-treated cp Ti surface, its effects on cell shape, proliferation, and activity of bone formation were evaluated. Even though cell proliferation was at a comparable level in these two surfaces, the ALP activity per cell number was improved by about four times in the laser-treated surface compared with that in the polished surface. On the laser-treated cp Ti surface, it was considered that the bone formation activity of osteoblasts was promoted without inhibiting cell proliferation. From the results of this study, it is possible to conclude that by treating cp Ti surfaces with a laser, a surface with good cytocompatibility can be created.
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EZZAT, MOHAMED, M. A. EL-WAILY, M. ABDEL-RAHMAN, and YEHEA ISMAIL. "TREATMENT OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS SURFACE BY NANOSECOND LASER." Surface Review and Letters 25, no. 04 (May 11, 2018): 1850079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x18500798.

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Aluminum and its alloys are widely used in our daily life because of their desirable physical properties. Improving the quality of Al-alloys surface layers is required for industrial applications. Nd: YAG pulsed Nanosecond Laser was used in irradiating aluminum 1100 alloy to study the surface morphology and hardness properties. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images reveal the presence of small holes with different diameters that are produced by the irradiation of Aluminum alloy surfaces with different laser power densities. The diameters of the produced holes are decreased gradually by increasing the laser power density. Minimum diameter of about 1.84[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m is obtained after irradiating the aluminum surface with 1256.04[Formula: see text]MW/cm2 at which semi-periodic holes-like pattern were produced. An increase in the Vickers microhardness values was obtained until the maximum value of 28 HV was reached at laser power density of 750.16[Formula: see text]MW/cm2. After reaching the maximum value, a fast decrease in the microhardness values was observed. Such changes in microhardness values maybe attributed to the lattice disorder and the change in the defect density produced by laser irradiation.
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Ghayad, Ibrahim M., Madiha Shoeib, Taha Mattar, and Huda M. Hussain. "Enhancing Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steel 304 Using Laser Surface Treatment." Key Engineering Materials 384 (June 2008): 157–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.384.157.

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Stainless steel AISI 304 was laser treated to enhance corrosion resistance and improve surface properties. . This alloy has many applications in auto industry (car body,) as well as oil and gas industry. Different conditions were applied in the laser surface treatment, namely: laser power density, scan speed, distance between paths, medium gas (air, argon and nitrogen). After laser treatment, the samples microstructures were investigated using optical microscope to examine micro structural changes due to laser irradiation. Specimen surfaces were investigated using XRD, SEM and EDAX before and after laser treatment to examine the surface composition changes brought by laser irradiation. Results showed that laser irradiation enhances the corrosion resistance of AISI 304 Stainless steel to a large extent. Corrosion rates as low as 0.011 mpy for laser treated samples were obtained in comparison to 0.952 mpy obtained for the untreated samples. Superior pitting corrosion resistance was obtained under specific treatment conditions. The enhancement of corrosion resistance depends on the laser irradiation conditions. The corrosion protection afforded by laser treatment is attributed mainly to the grain refinement of the top surface layer. This layer is found to consist of nano-scale grains.
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Li, Cheng-Di, Xiao Chen, Xiao-Wei Zhang, Shun-Jian Xu, Yao Hu, Hui-Hua Jian, and Jiu-Jun Xu. "Friction and wear behavior of Al–Si alloy cylinder liner prepared by surface shaping treatments." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 234, no. 9 (March 1, 2020): 1522–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350650120909729.

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In order to improve the friction and wear behavior of Al–Si alloy cylinder liner, the surfaces of cylinder liner samples were prepared by three kinds of surface shaping treatments (chemical etching shaping, mechanical honing shaping, and laser ablation shaping). All the three kinds of surface shaping treatments can expose the silicon particles on the surface of Al–Si alloy cylinder liner, which prevents the contact aluminum from the counterface (piston ring). The area between the two protruding silicon particles can be stored for enhanced lubrication and reduce friction. These shaping surfaces were different. The edges of the silicon particles are made sharp by the chemical etching shaping treatment. The edges of the silicon particles are round but with burr by the mechanical honing shaping treatment. The edges of silicon particles are round but without burr by the laser ablation shaping treatment. The friction coefficient and weight loss are lowest by the laser ablation shaping in three kinds of surface shaping treatments. There are two reasons. On the one hand, the edges of silicon particles are round but without burr, which reduce the stress concentration. On the other hand, the silicon particles combine well with aluminum, which reduce the probability of falling off.
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Kallis, Antonis, Kosmas Tolidis, Paris Gerasimou, Nor Gutknecht, and Eugenia Koliniotou-Koumpia. "Comparative Study of the Restoration Quality in Cavities prepared with Er:YAG Laser in Quantum Square Pulse Mode and Conventional Method." International Journal of Laser Dentistry 6, no. 1 (2016): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10022-1083.

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ABSTRACT Nowadays, dental treatment has been enriched by the use of lasers. The introduction of the novel treatment parameter of quantum square pulse (QSP) constitutes an additional challenge to older techniques, promising minimally invasive treatments. The aim of this study is to comparatively investigate the quality of cavity preparations using erbium-doped yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser with QSP technology as opposed to the conventional bur. The Er:YAG laser (2940 nm) has been used at 120 mJ energy level in QSP and medium short pulse (125 μs) modes. Subsequently, the dentin and enamel surfaces were examined using scanning electron microscopy techniques and compared with cuttings prepared with conventional bur. The laser-treated dentin samples exhibited relatively homogenous surfaces without smear layer and with open dentinal tubules. Laser-treated enamel showed scaly surfaces but again free of smear layer. In contrast, both dentin and enamel samples treated with the conventional bur showed abundance of smear layer, groove marks, small-scale cracks, and closed dentinal tubules. How to cite this article Kallis A, Tolidis K, Gerasimou P, Gutknecht N, Koliniotou-Koumpia E. Comparative Study of the Restoration Quality in Cavities prepared with Er:YAG Laser in Quantum Square Pulse Mode and Conventional Method. Int J Laser Dent 2016;6(1):31-37.
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Daskalova, Albena, Irina Bliznakova, Liliya Angelova, Anton Trifonov, Heidi Declercq, and Ivan Buchvarov. "Femtosecond Laser Fabrication of Engineered Functional Surfaces based on Biodegradable Polymer and Biopolymer/Ceramic Composite Thin Films." Polymers 11, no. 2 (February 20, 2019): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11020378.

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Surface functionalization introduced by precisely-defined surface structures depended on the surface texture and quality. Laser treatment is an advanced, non-contact technique for improving the biomaterials surface characteristics. In this study, femtosecond laser modification was applied to fabricate diverse structures on biodegradable polymer thin films and their ceramic blends. The influences of key laser processing parameters like laser energy and a number of applied laser pulses (N) over laser-treated surfaces were investigated. The modification of surface roughness was determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The surface roughness (Rrms) increased from approximately 0.5 to nearly 3 µm. The roughness changed with increasing laser energy and a number of applied laser pulses (N). The induced morphologies with different laser parameters were compared via Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal microscopy analysis. The chemical composition of exposed surfaces was examined by FTIR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and XRD analysis. This work illustrates the capacity of the laser microstructuring method for surface functionalization with possible applications in improvement of cellular attachment and orientation. Cells exhibited an extended shape along laser-modified surface zones compared to non-structured areas and demonstrated parallel alignment to the created structures. We examined laser-material interaction, microstructural outgrowth, and surface-treatment effect. By comparing the experimental results, it can be summarized that considerable processing quality can be obtained with femtosecond laser structuring.
31

Brytan, Zbigniew, and Wojciech Pakieła. "Laser Surface Treatment of Sintered Stainless Steels for Wear Resistance Enhancement." Key Engineering Materials 813 (July 2019): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.813.221.

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In the present study, sintered austenitic stainless steel type 316L was laser surface alloyed with Inconel 625 powder by the fibre optic laser. The Inconel 625 spheroidal powder of grain size 60-150 μm was introduced by the coaxial feeding head directly to the liquid metal, during laser surface alloying. The process parameters were selected to melt and fully dissolve alloying powder into the alloyed surface. As a result of laser alloying, the porosity of sintered stainless steel was eliminated, a uniform distribution of nickel and molybdenum in the entire alloyed zone was obtained. The alloyed surface shows fully austenitic microstructure of 17%Cr, 18%Ni, 3%Mo. The superficial hardness, microhardness and surface wear resistance were significantly improved in respect to an untreated substrate material. The presented technique of laser surface alloying can be easily applied for sintered austenitic stainless steel components where selected component surfaces require an improved surface performance.
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Blass, David, Sebastian Nyga, Bernd Jungbluth, Hans Dieter Hoffmann та Klaus Dilger. "CFRP Bonding Pre-Treatment with Laser Radiation of 3 μm Wavelength: A Robust Solution for Industrial Applications". Materials Science Forum 939 (листопад 2018): 184–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.939.184.

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Due to a reduced structural weight, composite parts offer the possibility to increase the eco-efficiency of any mobility devices during their lifetime. Due to the mold-based production of composite parts, their surfaces are contaminated with release agent residues (e.g. silicones). Thus, the adhesion of the part’s surface is lowered, which prevent structural adhesive bonding of untreated parts. To enable this joining technology and guarantee a sufficient adhesion during part’s lifetime, a surface pre-treatment prior to the bonding process has to be performed. A laser treatment shows a high potential for an integration in an industrial process chain, but unfortunately, common laser sources lower this potential due to high investment costs (excimer laser) or the risk of causing material damage (lasers emitting in the range of 1 μm wavelength). To solve this challenge, laser radiation at 3 μm wavelength, which has several advantages (high absorption within epoxy resin, less thermal interaction concluding less risk to cause delaminations and the possibility to be guided through a fiber) was generated by frequency conversion of an industrial ND:YAG laser (at 1064 nm) and applied to the composite. The results show a good and sensitive treatment of the surface, resulting in high bonding strengths and providing a robust pre-treatment method.
33

Yilbas, B. S., Ihsan-ul-Haq Toor, Jahanzaib Malik, and F. Patel. "Laser treatment of high strength low alloy steel and electrochemical response of the surface." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 67, no. 2 (March 9, 2015): 166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-11-2013-0125.

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Purpose – The purpose of the present study is to report the results of the laser treatment of high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel surface and corrosion response of the treated surface that was carried out. Metallurgical and morphological changes in the laser-treated layer are also examined. Laser treatment of the alloy surface improves the surface properties; however, development of high thermal stress field in the treated layer can exceed the yielding limit of the alloy lowers, particularly, the corrosion resistance of the resulting surface. Design/methodology/approach – Pre-prepared workpiece surfaces are laser-treated and electrochemically tested in an electrolytic solution. Corrosion rate of the resulting surface is analyzed and pit sites are examined. Findings – It is found that the presence of nitride compounds and fine grains acts like as a self-protective layer at the laser-treated surface while lowering the corrosion resistance. Consequently, laser gas-assisted treatment provides a positive effect on the corrosion properties of the treated surface through lowering the corrosion current. The pits are shallow and do not form a regular pattern at the workpiece surface. The secondary pitting is prevented by the protective layer formed at the laser-treated surface. Research limitations/implications – The study can be extended to include laser treatment including the hard particles, such as carbides, at the surface. However, this extension is left to another study. Practical implications – Laser treatment can be used for protection of surfaces from wear and corrosive environments. The findings of this study give insight into the improvement of the surface characteristics for this purpose. It serves to industry for the practical solution of the surface protection from corrosive environments. Social implications – The researchers and scientists working in the area get the benefit from the outcome of this work. Originality/value – It is an original work and gives insight into the enhancement of the corrosion resistance of HSLA steel after the laser treatment process.
34

Tarasova, M. A., A. I. Ivashchenko, and V. G. Prokoshev. "Laser Treatment of Titanium in Hexane at Various Pressures and the Formation of Periodic Structures." Solid State Phenomena 316 (April 2021): 765–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.316.765.

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Laser-induced periodic surface structures are a universal phenomenon that can be observed on almost any material after irradiation with linearly polarized laser beams, especially when using femtosecond laser radiation. Over the past few years, research activity in the field of surface-periodic structures has significantly increased, since their generation in a one-step process provides an easy way to nanostructure and functionalize the surface to control optical, mechanical or chemical properties. The paper presents the results of a femtosecond laser treatment of titanium in a hexane medium at various pressures. The morphology of the treated surfaces was studied under various modes of laser exposure, using optical and scanning electron microscopy.
35

Liu, Yi-Hsien, Kong-Kai Kuo, and Chung-Wei Cheng. "Femtosecond Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures on Different Tilted Metal Surfaces." Nanomaterials 10, no. 12 (December 17, 2020): 2540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10122540.

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Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) are used for the precision surface treatment of 3D components. However, with LIPSS, the non-normal incident angle between the irradiated laser beam and the specimen surface occurs. This study investigated LIPSS on four different metals (SUS 304, Ti, Al, and Cu), processed on a tilted surface by an s-polarized femtosecond fiber laser. A rotated low spatial frequency LIPSS (LSFL) was obtained on SUS 304 and Ti materials by the line scanning process. However, LSFL on Cu and Al materials was still perpendicular to the laser polarization. The reason for the rotated and un-rotated LSFL on tilted metal surfaces was presented. The electron-phonon coupling factor and thermal conductivity properties might induce rotational LSFL on tilted SUS 304 and Ti surfaces. When fabricating LSFL on an inclined plane, a calibration model between the LSFL orientation and inclined plane angle must be established. Hence, the laser polarization direction must be controlled to obtain suitable LSFL characteristics on a 3D surface.
36

Čereška, Deividas, Arnas Žemaitis, Gabrielius Kontenis, Gedvinas Nemickas, and Linas Jonušauskas. "On-Demand Wettability via Combining fs Laser Surface Structuring and Thermal Post-Treatment." Materials 15, no. 6 (March 14, 2022): 2141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15062141.

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Laser surface texturing (LST) is one of the surface modification methods that increase or provide new abilities for the material surface. Textured surfaces could be applied in different industrial areas to reduce wear and friction, promote anti-fouling, improve osseointegration, and other similar uses. However, LST is still in development and for reaching industrial level further optimization is required. In this paper, different metal alloy surfaces were fabricated with several patterns using the same laser parameters on each material and the results were compared. This could lead to possible optimization on the industrial level. Furthermore, research on the wettability properties of material and texture patterns depending on heat treatment in different temperatures was performed, showing complete control for wettability (from hydrophilic to hydrophobic).
37

Hlinka, József, Miklós Berczeli, Gábor Buza, and Zoltán Weltsch. "Wetting properties of Nd:YAG laser treated copper by SAC solders." Soldering & Surface Mount Technology 29, no. 2 (April 3, 2017): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ssmt-01-2016-0003.

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Purpose This paper aims to discuss the effect of surface treatment on the wettability between copper and a lead-free solder paste. The industrial applications of laser technologies are increasing constantly. A specific laser treatment can modify the surface energy of copper and affect the wetting properties. Design/methodology/approach The surfaces of copper plates were treated using an Nd:YAG laser with varying laser powers. After laser surface treatment, wetting experiments were performed between the copper plates and SAC305 lead-free solder paste. The effect of laser treatment on copper surface was analysed using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Findings The experimental results showed that the wetting contact angles changed with the variation in laser power. Furthermore, it means that the surface energy of copper plates was changed by the laser treatment. The results demonstrated that the contact angles also changed when a different soldering paste was used. Originality/value Previous laser surface treatment can be a possible way to optimize the wettability between solders and substrates and to increase the quality of the soldered joints.
38

Dmitruk, I. M., N. I. Berezovska, O. A. Yeshchenko, O. P. Stanovyi, A. M. Dmytruk, and I. V. Blonskyi. "Formation Conditions and Morphology of Nanoscale Features on the Surfaces of Metals and Alloys under Femtosecond Laser Treatment." METALLOFIZIKA I NOVEISHIE TEKHNOLOGII 41, no. 12 (December 25, 2019): 1587–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mfint.41.12.1587.

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39

Al-Mana, O., M. S. J. Hashmi, and Bekir Sami Yilbas. "Laser Gas Assisted Nitriding and TiN Coating of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 264-265 (June 2011): 421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.264-265.421.

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Laser gas assisted nitriding and TiN coating of Ti-6Al-4V alloy is carried out. The microstructures developed in the laser irradiated region are examined using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The laser nitrided surfaces are coated with TiN using the PVD facility to enhance the tribological properties. The heating model incorporating the lump parameter analysis is used to predict the melt layer thickness during the laser treatment process. It is found that laser nitrided surfaces posses δ-TiN+ε-TiN phases and TiN coating of laser nitrided surfaces improves the microhardness at the surface.
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Shen, Zi Gang, та Dong Li. "Influence of Laser Ablation on the Oxygen Permeability of Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ Membranes". Key Engineering Materials 633 (листопад 2014): 225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.633.225.

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After laser ablation treatment, there are grooves on the surfaces of Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3δ(BSCFO) membranes. These grooves with width about 150μm and depth about 25μm increase the specific surface of these membranes. The oxygen permeation fluxes through these membranes, which sides were treatment by laser ablation, were measured. Comparing with the membrane without laser ablation treatment, the oxygen permeation fluxes through the membranes with cross grooves pattern decorated on both sides after laser ablation treatment can increase by 34.7%.
41

Yang, Gang, Qi Qian, and Zhongmin Yang. "Surface treatment of barium gallogermanate laser glass." Applied Surface Science 257, no. 6 (January 2011): 1871–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.09.010.

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Fiodorov, Vitalij, Karolis Ratautas, Zenius Mockus, Romualdas Trusovas, Lina Mikoliūnaitė, and Gediminas Račiukaitis. "Laser-Assisted Selective Fabrication of Copper Traces on Polymers by Electroplating." Polymers 14, no. 4 (February 17, 2022): 781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14040781.

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The selective deposition of metals on dielectric materials is widely used in the electronic industry, making electro-conductive connections between circuit elements. We report a new low-cost laser-assisted method for the selective deposition of copper tracks on polymer surfaces by electroplating. The technique uses a laser for the selective modification of the polymer surface. The electrical conductivity of some polymers could be increased due to laser irradiation. Polyimide samples were treated using nanosecond and picosecond lasers working at a 1064 nm wavelength. An electro-conductive graphene-like layer was formed on the polymer surface after the laser treatment with selected parameters, and the copper layer thickness of 5–20 µm was deposited on the modified surface by electroplating. The selective laser-assisted electroplating technology allows the fabrication of copper tracks on complex shape dielectric materials. The technology could be used in the manufacturing of molded interconnect devices (MID).
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Dinh, The-Hung, Chi-Vinh Ngo, and Doo-Man Chun. "Controlling the Wetting Properties of Superhydrophobic Titanium Surface Fabricated by UV Nanosecond-Pulsed Laser and Heat Treatment." Nanomaterials 8, no. 10 (September 27, 2018): 766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano8100766.

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In this study, the effects of nanosecond-pulsed laser and pattern design were researched on the wettability of titanium material. Nanosecond-pulsed laser and heat treatment are used to fabricate superhydrophobic titanium surfaces. The effects of laser power (1–3 W) and step size (50–300 µm) on a microscale patterned titanium surface (line pattern and grid pattern) were investigated to explain the relation between microstructure and superhydrophobicity. The surface morphologies and wettability of the surfaces were analyzed by three-dimensional confocal microscopy and a contact angle meter. The results show that the laser power and pattern design affected the apparent contact angle (CA) and sliding angle (SA). The maximum step size, which could show superhydrophobicity with apparent CA > 150° and SA < 10°, was increased when the laser power increased from 1 to 3 W. Grid pattern showed isotropic wetting behavior, but line pattern showed both isotropic and anisotropic wetting behavior according to step size and laser power. Furthermore, when choosing the proper laser power and step size, the wetting properties of superhydrophobic surface such as lotus effect (apparent CA > 150° and SA < 10°) and petal effect (apparent CA > 150° and no SA) and isotropic/anisotropic behavior can be controlled for applications of water droplet control.
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Caccianiga, Gianluigi, Gérard Rey, Paolo Caccianiga, Alessandro Leonida, Marco Baldoni, Alessandro Baldoni, and Saverio Ceraulo. "Laser Management of Peri-Implantitis: A Comparison between Photodynamic Therapy Combined with Hydrogen Peroxide (OHLLT) and OHLLT + Er:YAG Laser. A Retrospective Controlled Study." Applied Sciences 11, no. 15 (July 23, 2021): 6771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11156771.

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In peri-implantitis, treatment lasers are effectively used to enhance implant surfaces’ decontamination of bacteria. The type of lasers commonly used and tested in dentistry are Nd:YAG, Er:YAG and diodes. The Er:YAG laser is considered to be effective in removing biofilm from implant surfaces. Photodynamic therapy (PDT), realized with low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and a photosensitizer, seems to have limited efficacy in peri-implantitis management, while diode lasers used with high frequency and power (Wiser, Doctor Smile), performed with hydrogen peroxide 10 vol. 3% (OHLLT), seems to lead to a deep sanitization of implant surfaces, without any thermal effect. The aim of our retrospective controlled study is to compare an oxygen high-level laser therapy (OHLLT) protocol with OHLLT with an Er:YAG laser (Pluser, Doctor Smile) in order to maximize bacterial removal and to evaluate if an Er:YAG laser could improve hard tissue regeneration with respect to OHLLT alone. Two hundred and ten implants affected by peri-implantitis were divided into two groups: 88 implants were treated with OHLLT alone (control group) while 122 underwent OHLLT and Er:YAG treatment (test group). Mean bone loss before (T0) and after treatment (T1) (with a follow-up of 5 years) was registered for all implants. The collected data were analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 11.5. No statistically significant differences were found. In the OHLLT group, we noticed a mean bone loss after treatment of 2.1 mm in the upper arch and 2.4 mm in the mandible. In the OHLLT + Er:YAG group, the results indicate a mean bone loss of 2.0 mm in the upper arch and 2.5 mm in the mandible. Both groups showed a mean bone loss after treatment of 2.3 mm. According to the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, overall, data followed a normal distribution (value of the K-S test statistic = 0.0912; p = 0.36112). OHLLT plays a central role in enhancing clinical results in peri-implantitis treatment, leading to an effective bacterial decontamination. Our results showed no statistically significant differences between OHLLT and OHLLT + Er:YAG laser; thus, the potential advantageous role of Er:YAG has been downgraded with the analysis of our study.
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Tajti, Ferenc, Miklós Berczeli, and Zoltán Weltsch. "Improvement of High Strength Automotive Steels Wettability Properties Using CO2 Laser Surface Treatment." International Journal of Engineering and Management Sciences 4, no. 1 (March 3, 2019): 422–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21791/ijems.2019.1.52.

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As a result of stricter environmental and safety standards, vehicle manufacturers have to reduce the weight of the vehicles, because 10% weight loss cause 8-10% reduction of fuel consumption. To reduce car’s weight and increase safety, vehicle manufacturers use high-strength steels. Further weight reduction can be achieved by using corresponding bonding technology (soldering, sticking) and optimizing these technologies can increase the strength of the joints. According to literature research, the improvement of interface properties has a large effect on bonding technologies. In order to improve interface properties, we can use multiple surface treatments. In our research we investigate the effects of CO2 laser surface treatment on high strength steels, because CO2 lasers are often used in the vehicle industry. In order to detect the effect of surface treatment, we investigate the wettability of the treated and untreated steels. In our research we measure the surface tension of treated and untreated steels. Our main goal is to improve wettability properties thus the bonding technology. In our research we used DP 600 high strength steel sheet with the thickness of 1 mm. We cut the steel sheet to 25mm wide and 55mm long workpieces. Before the surface treatment, the workpieces had to be cleaned and degreased using methanol. We searched for parameters that do not cause any visible changes on the surfaces. Among the parameters of the treatment we were able to change the output power of the laser. We used contact angle measurement to examine the wettability.
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Fraczyk, Justyna, Adam Rosowski, Beata Kolesinska, Anna Koperkiewcz, Anna Sobczyk-Guzenda, Zbigniew Kaminski, and Mariusz Dudek. "Orthogonal Functionalization of Nanodiamond Particles after Laser Modification and Treatment with Aromatic Amine Derivatives." Nanomaterials 8, no. 11 (November 5, 2018): 908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano8110908.

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A laser system with a wavelength of 1064 nm was used to generate sp2 carbon on the surfaces of nanodiamond particles (NDPs). The modified by microplasma NDPs were analysed using FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy. Raman spectra confirmed that graphitization had occurred on the surfaces of the NDPs. The extent of graphitization depended on the average power used in the laser treatment process. FT-IR analysis revealed that the presence of C=C bonds in all spectra of the laser-modified powder. The characteristic peaks for olefinic bonds were much more intense than in the case of untreated powder and grew in intensity as the average laser power increased. The olefinized nanodiamond powder was further functionalized using aromatic amines via in situ generated diazonium salts. It was also found that isokinetic mixtures of structurally diverse aromatic amines containing different functional groups (acid, amine) could be used to functionalize the surfaces of the laser-modified nanoparticles leading to an amphiphilic carbon nanomaterial. This enables one-step orthogonal functionalization and opens the possibility of selectively incorporating molecules with diverse biological activities on the surfaces of NDPs. Modified NDPs with amphiphilic properties resulting from the presence carboxyl and amine groups were used to incorporate simultaneously folic acid (FA-CONH-(CH2)5-COOH) and 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (FL-CONH-(CH2)2-NH2) derivatives on the surface of material under biocompatible procedures.
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Simsek, Tuncay, Mustafa Baris, Arun K. Chattopadhyay, Sadan Ozcan, and Adnan Akkurt. "Surface Treatment of S355JR Carbon Steel Surfaces with ZrB2 Nanocrystals by CO2 Laser." Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals 71, no. 8 (May 10, 2018): 1885–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12666-018-1320-1.

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48

Konstantino, E., and E. Altus. "Fatigue life enhancement by laser surface treatment." Surface Engineering 15, no. 2 (April 1999): 126–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/026708499101516461.

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49

Shen, Zi Gang, Xiao Rui Guo та Dong Li. "The Study of the Oxygen Permeability of Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ Membranes after Laser Ablation". Advanced Materials Research 284-286 (липень 2011): 1427–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.284-286.1427.

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The surfaces of Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ(BSCFO) membranes were decorated by laser ablation treatment in order to increase the specific surface of these membranes. Arc shape stripes with width about 150µm and depth about 25µm were formed on the surface of these membranes. The oxygen permeation fluxes through these membranes were measured. Comparing with the membrane without laser ablation treatment, the oxygen permeation fluxes through the membranes with cross stripes pattern decorated on both sides after laser ablation treatment can increase by 34.7%.
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Babuska, Vaclav, Jan Palan, Jana Kolaja Dobra, Vlastimil Kulda, Michal Duchek, Jan Cerny, and Daniel Hrusak. "Proliferation of Osteoblasts on Laser-Modified Nanostructured Titanium Surfaces." Materials 11, no. 10 (September 26, 2018): 1827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11101827.

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Nanostructured titanium has become a useful material for biomedical applications such as dental implants. Certain surface properties (grain size, roughness, wettability) are highly expected to promote cell adhesion and osseointegration. The aim of this study was to compare the biocompatibilities of several titanium materials using human osteoblast cell line hFOB 1.19. Eight different types of specimens were examined: machined commercially pure grade 2 (cpTi2) and 4 (cpTi4) titanium, nanostructured titanium of the same grades (nTi2, nTi4), and corresponding specimens with laser-treated surfaces (cpTi2L, cpTi4L, nTi2L, nTi4L). Their surface topography was evaluated by means of scanning electron microscopy. Surface roughness was measured using a mechanical contact profilometer. Specimens with laser-treated surfaces had significantly higher surface roughness. Wettability was measured by the drop contact angle method. Nanostructured samples had significantly higher wettability. Cell proliferation after 48 hours from plating was assessed by viability and proliferation assay. The highest proliferation of osteoblasts was found in nTi4 specimens. The analysis of cell proliferation revealed a difference between machined and laser-treated specimens. The mean proliferation was lower on the laser-treated titanium materials. Although plain laser treatment increases surface roughness and wettability, it does not seem to lead to improved biocompatibility.

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